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For me, the biggest problem with your labels (aside from missing alternate history) is that I don't find the labels very *useful*. I think that labels should help in meaningfully classifying the work, and I think that these labels aren't really that helpful in doing that.
Let's take Star Trek as an example. It is set in the future, but what it's really about is humans encountering aliens and refining what it means to be human. (When SF is about something, it's always about the present.) Star Trek's future is really kind of abstract and vague - we know next to nothing about human society, for example. But that does't really matter: the future tech in ST is pretty much just a vehicle to take the crew to different alien encounters.
Maybe think of this as human vs alien.
Other SF takes place in a much more detailed future, and it tends to be about what it's like to live in a future where X happens. I.e., people can be cloned; the police can read your mind; civilization has collapsed; only 1 in 10 women are fertile; etc. The focus of this kind of sf is about how humans would react in this kind of environment. Maybe this is human vs. future.
Alternate past stories are like an experiment where you've changed a variable. I.e., we know what happened historically, but what would society look like 70 years after WWII if the Nazis had won. Again, this is about the human response when the stimulus changes.
Some time travel fits into this category, too - those stories where the protagonists have to adjust to living in the past for some time period, for example.
We could call these human vs. past.
There is also a large body of SF that is not really "about" anything...or at least that doesn't use the trappings of SF to be about anything.
"Star Wars" is like this - it is an adventure story that is set in the future, but whatever themes it has (honor? loyalty? growing up?) don't really have much to do with the setting.
Some military science fiction falls into the "adventure" category, too (most David Weber, I think), but some doesn't - "The Forever War".
There may be a few more categories, but those are my initial thoughts on this.
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