I would say that The Baroque Cycle by Neal Stephenson is very close to steampunk (closer than The Diamond Age in fact).
I don't think there are any inventions that appear before their time, but there are enough anachronisms to make it feel steampunky. My favourite is when some of the characters embark on a pirate expedition and find themselves in much the same situation as founders in a technology startup today (eg pitching the idea to angel investors, trying to get to market first, losing founders to other ventures etc).
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