Jack Campbell's Lost Fleet series has a democratic Alliance on one side of the conflict and the Syndicated Worlds (a gigantic corporation), on the other.
H Beam Piper explored all sorts of star spanning governments in his Future History books.
He started with a Federation, a democratic system. Then a period of dark aged anarchy, then to Empire.
The Vatta's War series by Elizabeth Moon has no centrally governing political system, rather planetary governments or small multi-system federations.
I tend to think the Monarchical system works quite well for star spanning political systems as a strong centrist system would bind all the individual systems together.
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