A couple more references that I found intriguing:
Eric James Stone's
Unforgettable -- features an evil AI based on Quantum Computing.
Murray Leinster's
A Logic Named Joe. This one didn't fit anywhere in the article because there's no real description of how he works, but good heavens. This is a pre-1950's story. Computing is in its infancy, and Mr. Leinster has predicted the internet with disturbing accuracy. Wow.