I wouldn't call the given example a cliffhanger. To me, a cliffhanger implies that the chapter ends with a character in dire straits (such as hanging from the edge of a cliff).
The example given in the opening post could be called a cliffhanger in the general sense that it's a sentence designed to hook the reader's attention and get him to turn the next page. The literary technique of hinting at events that are yet to come is called foreshadowing, but I don't know of any special terminology for foreshadowing that's positioned at the end of a chapter.
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