I was appalled by the heliocentric bit in Holmes when I read it for the first time in 5th grade - I still remember where I was (school library) when I read that bit because it was so shocking to me at the time.
But, really, I think it's an example of flawed writing by Doyle. The heliocentric model was well accepted by the general public in the 1680's - more than 200 years before Holmes's 1890 world. Anyone in the Victorian era who had been to school knew that the Earth rotated around the sun; it's just not believable that Holmes did not already know this.
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