Thanks for your comments (and the welcome!). After some trial and error I have had some more success with the Later on Kindle extension, but only on Windows. As a researcher I was very interested in getting pdf's from the arxiv server quickly from my browser to the Kindle. With this I still have no success, but I can report that it appears to be a problem with the arxiv server rather than Later on Kindle. Specifically if Later on Kindle is set to convert to Kindle format (even though this may seem a bad idea for a mathematical pdf) the Kindle is sent an "Access Denied" message from the arxiv - the message explains that there are permission problems with accessing the pdf file in the way that Later on Kindle does and suggests workarounds. So I will consider writing to the administrators of the arxiv.
More positively, at least on Windows, and maybe also on the Mac (I have not tried yet), pdf's can quickly be sent to the Kindle in pdf format using Later on Kindle. So my optimism for this extension is restored, although it would be very good if a solution could be found for the arxiv server.
Once again thanks for your replies.
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