Ok, let me give a few more details because I was "surprised" and usually surprises sometimes aren't always right
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In my test library I have a bunch of existing custom columns of various types. Two Yes/No columns, one date column, a "Column built from other columns" for my goodreads id and then three series/genre type columns which I was testing various plugin functionality with. One was a "Text column for keeping series-like information", one was "Text, column shown in the tag browser", and the third was "Comma separated text, like tags, shown in the tag browser"
I had gone into the Manage user categories dialog and confirmed that the only filter categories available were the four the OP mentioned, at which point I made my first post (funnily enough it had occurred to me that maybe there was a custom column possibility nowadays, but as none of my columns were in the dropdown I assumed not).
Only after your post did I then create a new custom column of type "Column built from other columns", put in the {title} formula and ttick the "Show in tag browser" for it.
As you would expect, my new custom column showed up in the tag browser with titles listed within it. However when I go into the Manage user categories dialog now, the dropdown of filter types has 8 items in it - the "original 4", my new title column which I expected, but also the three "text" variation columns shown above. My Goodreads id column does not appear, and the checkbox for it is unchecked.
So my confusion lies as to if those text columns should always have appeared in the list why they did not until I added that {title} column with the "Show in tag browser" option checked. Or are they not supposed to appear at all... as they have no checkbox option available for them anyway about whether to "Show in tag browser".
Sorry for the long description but it is a complicated scenario so hopefully I am not missing anything relevant.
Tks also for your comments about the User Category plugin - indeed with the criteria for adding to a category rapidly expanding I agree it could be even more useful to support the other options. I think I will wait a while for it all to settle down again and then bend your ear over what I need to do