Golliwogs were clearly based on "black-faced minstrels", which were a popular form of entertainment in Britain going back at least as far as the mid 19th century. When I was a teenager, one of the most popular forms of entertainment of Saturday night TV was a programme called "The Black and White Minstrel Show". Today it would be considered monstrously racist, but Britain wasn't a multi-cultural society back then as it is today, and attitudes towards such things were completely different.
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