Hi,
I don't know of any particular books, I have a few on the history of jazz but I'm not sure they are really what you are after.
My recommendation to you is actually a podcast called 'Jazz Insights' you can find it by searching in the iTunes store, I'm not sure if there is a plain RSS feed but you can also find the archives on the website here:
http://1690wmlb.com/features/jazz-insights/
It's a really fascinating series to listen to, and given that it's audio he can play snippets of the pieces he is talking about which makes it all the more useful. There's stuff right through from 'what is jazz' to short biographies of various artists.
Really recommend it if you want to learn a little more about Jazz.
I'd also head to the forums at
http://www.allaboutjazz.com which are full of useful info, links and friendly people.