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There is a US law that requires that you (or the bank doing the transfer) to report all large transfers of funds into or out of the US to the US Treasury Dept (I think it is). But that's no real biggie. Has been in place for ages and won't cost you anything in taxes.
As far as transferring in an inheritance, you shouldn't run into any further taxation as long as you have some sort of documents showing that it is an inheritance, and that all applicable taxes and fees have been paid on the money in Poland. (You don't need to be newly arrived in the US.)
It's not considered "income" - and any inheritance taxes due on the money should have been paid in Poland on release of the estate or netted out of your share of the money before you got it. Given that your bank is going to earn a nice, fat fee for doing their side of the transfer, you should be able to ask them precisely what paperwork you'll need to prove the source of the money and whether or not it's necessary to get official translations into English of any of it. (My bet is that you won't need the translations.)
Just to give you an idea what may be required, when I shipped some furniture from my parents' house in the US to myself in France, I needed to have my mother's death certificate and a copy of the probate certificate to prove this was part of an inheritance.
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