1. <E > (symbol $) the standard unit of money used in the US, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and other countries

• Can I borrow ten dollars?

• The suitcase was full of dollar bills (= notes) .

Thesaurus⁺: ↑North American money

2. the dollar

the value of the US dollar, used in comparing the values of different types of money from around the world

• In the financial markets today, the dollar rose against/fell against (= was worth more than/less than) the pound.

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Currencies ↑North American money

• On the foreign exchanges the pound rose two cents against the dollar to $1.52.

• The government is spending millions of dollars in its attempt to combat drug abuse.

• She got eight million dollars for appearing in that film.

• I need to change my dollars into English money.

• I'm a little short this week - could you lend me ten dollars?

1. <E > having a particular value, especially in money

• Our house is worth £200 000.

• Heroin worth about $5 million was seized.

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Costs and expenses

2. informal having a particular amount of money

• She must be worth at least half a million.

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Costs and expenses

3. be worth it

to be of reasonable or good value for the price

• Four days' car hire costs £150, which is well worth it for the freedom it gives you.

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Costs and expenses

• "I paid £2000 for this car." "You've been had, mate. It's not worth more than £1000."

• Thieves broke the shop window and carried off jewellery worth thousands of pounds.

• Buying those shares was a very far-sighted move - they must be worth ten times their original value now.

• Any painting by Van Gogh is worth a fortune.

• The country exports goods worth $600 million per annum.

4. be worth sth

<E > to be important or interesting enough to receive a particular action

• I think this matter is worth our attention.

• When you're in Reykjavik, the National Museum is worth a visit.

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Useful or advantageous

5. be worth having/doing sth

<E > to be important or useful to have or do

• There's nothing worth reading in this newspaper.

• If you are a young, inexperienced driver, it is worth having comprehensive insurance.

• It's worth remembering that prices go up on February 1st.

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Useful or advantageous

6. worth it

<I > enjoyable enough or producing enough advantages to make the necessary effort, risk, pain, etc. seem acceptable

• It was a long climb to the top of the hill, but it was worth it for the view from the top.

• Don't tire yourself out Geri, it's really not worth it.

• After the plastic surgery I had two black eyes and was very swollen. But I knew it would be worth it.

• Forget him, love, - he's just not worth it.

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Causing pleasure ↑Useful or advantageous

Common errors:

When worth is followed by a verb, that verb cannot be in the infinitive with 'to'.

Do not say 'be worth to do something', say be worth doing something:

✗ Do you think it's worth to ask Patrick first?

• Do you think it's worth asking Patrick first?

Idioms: If a thing is worth doing, it's worth doing well ▪ What's it worth? ▪ for all you are worth ▪ for what it's worth ▪ make it worth your while ▪ not worth the paper something is printed on ▪ worth its weight in gold ▪ worth your salt ▪ worth your while

1. <E > uncountable the amount of money which something can be sold for; value

• The estimated worth of the plastics and petrochemical industry is about $640 billion.

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Costs and expenses

2. £20/$100, etc. worth of sth

<E > the amount of something that you could buy for £20/$100, etc

• $4 million worth of souvenirs and gift items have been produced for the event.

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Costs and expenses

• He bought a dollar's worth of stamps.

• He tried to read books of real worth.

• She got her money's worth out of that coat.

• The lorry contained thousands of pounds worth of contraband.

• I've got £20 000 worth of cover for the contents of my house.

3. <E > uncountable the importance or usefulness of something or someone

• He felt as though he had no worth.

• She has proved her worth on numerous occasions.

• The study proved that women were paid less than men holding jobs of comparable worth.

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Importance ↑Useful or advantageous

• He proved his worth to the team by scoring two goals in the final.

• He behaved like a person of great worth.

• His worth to the school was incalculable.

• The anti-lock brakes proved their worth when the car was nearly involved in an accident.

• It was hard to assess the worth of his contribution to the discussion.

4. a month's/year's, etc. worth of sth

an amount of something which will last a month/year, etc. or which takes a month/year, etc. to do

• a month's worth of grocery shopping

• I've done three hour's worth of work this morning.

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Informal measurements of volume ↑Measurements of volume

Idiom: get your money's worth

an important or difficult question, on which a lot depends

• The $64, 000 dollar question is, can we repeat last year's success?

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Questioning people and asking questions in general ↑Curiosity ↑Suspecting and questioning

a way of describing the sound made when you hit a door. It is sometimes used as the first line of a joke.

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Humour and humorous

Main entry: knock_idiom

not standard for because

• You can cook dinner tonight cos I did it last night.

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Connecting words which introduce a cause or reason

1. written abbreviation for cosine

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Terms for numbers

2. UK (also cos lettuce , US romaine) a type of lettuce (= green salad vegetable) with long narrow leaves

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Types of vegetable ↑Plants in general

1. would

• I asked if she'd like to come tonight.

2. had

• If you'd told me what was wrong I could have helped.

short form of would have

• I'd've invited you, but you weren't around.

short form of them

• Tell 'em to go away.

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Personal pronouns

1. <A > part of a piece of clothing which can be pulled up to cover the top and back of the head

• The coat has a detachable hood.

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Things worn to cover the head, face or neck

2. <A > a bag which is put over someone's head so that they cannot see or be recognized

• The prisoners had been tortured and made to wear hoods.

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Things worn to cover the head, face or neck

• It's pouring - why don't you put up your hood?

• You can detach the hood if you prefer the coat without it.

3. a part which covers or shelters a piece of equipment

• The hood over the air vent is loose.

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Lids, covers and stoppers

4. US for bonnet

Thesaurus⁺: ↑The exterior of vehicles

5. (also 'hood) US slang a poor neighbourhood

• When he started he was just a poor boy from the hood - now he's a multimillionaire.

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Environments and localities

will

• I'll see you next week.

am, used in spoken and informal written English

• I'm sorry I'm late.

used in writing to mean 'and'

• fish 'n' chips

• rock 'n' roll

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Connecting words joining words or phrases with similar or related meanings

beneath

• 'Neath stars and sun we wandered

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Under and below

are

• You're late.

1. is

• It's in the cupboard.

2. has

• She's gone home.

3. informal (only used in spoken questions) does

• How's this thing work?

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Question words and expressions

4. (only used after 'let') us

• Let's go swimming this afternoon.

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Personal pronouns

short form of it is

• 'Tis the season to be jolly!

short form of it was

• 'Twas the night before Christmas.

short form of it were

• We hold, as 'twere, the mirror up to nature to find out who we are.

short form of it would

• 'Twould do me good to hear of such a thing.

one

• Mira'll fit in the back of the car - she's only a little 'un!

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Particular and individual

have

• I've been waiting for ages.

<E > used with the past participle of other verbs to form the present and past perfect tenses

• I've heard that story before.

• Diane's already gone.

• John hasn't phoned.

• I haven't visited London before.

• Have you seen Roz?

• Has she been invited?

• They still hadn't had any news when I spoke to them yesterday.

• formal Had I known (= if I had known) you were coming, I'd have booked a larger room.

• Talks between management and unions have collapsed.

• House prices have come down recently.

• Lots of people have complained about the noise.

• Many miners have suffered from the effects of coal dust in their lungs.

• I could never have achieved this without the encouragement of my husband and family.

1. <E > transitive not continuous (also 've/'s , mainly UK have got) to own or possess

• They have a beautiful home.

• He has plenty of money but no style.

• I've got two brothers.

• Have you got time to finish the report today?

• I've got a suggestion/an idea.

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Having and owning - general words

2. have the decency/good sense, etc. to do sth

<E > to do one good thing, although you do other bad or silly things

• At least he had the good sense to turn the gas off.

• At least she had the decency to apologize.

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Having and owning - general words

• These books have lovely clear print.

• The school likes to have a contact number for parents during school hours.

• Now that we have cable, we get a wonderfully crisp picture, even on our old TV.

• I love football, but unfortunately I have no talent as a player.

• At some point in the distant future I would like to have my own house.

3. <E > transitive (mainly UK have got) If you have a particular illness, you suffer from it

• Have you ever had measles?

• I've got a cold.

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Being and falling ill

• Following a routine checkup, Mrs Mason was discovered to have heart disease.

• Emily has a very nasty cough.

• She went home early because she had a bad headache.

• My sister has diabetes and has to give herself insulin injections.

• I had a terrible hangover the next morning.

• John had a heart attack three years ago.

4. <E > transitive to perform the action mentioned

• have a wash/bath/shower

• I had a swim.

• We had a short walk after lunch.

• I've never done it before but I'd like to have a try (= to try) .

• Why don't you have a rest?

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Acting and acts ↑Dealing with things or people

• She likes to have an afternoon nap.

• May I have a look at your newspaper?" "Of course you can."

• I'll bring some food along and we can have a picnic.

• I had a chat with my boss today about a possible salary increase.

• We had a dance and afterwards we sat outside and talked.

5. <E > transitive to eat or drink something

• I had prawns and rice for lunch.

• Can I have a drink of water?

• When are we having dinner?

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Eating ↑Biting, chewing and swallowing ↑Drinking

• Make sure your hands are clean before you have your dinner.

• May I show you to your table, sir, or would you prefer to have a drink at the bar first?

• My father always has a biscuit and a cup of tea at bedtime.

• Let's go out on Friday - we'll have a curry and then go to the movies.

• Why don't we have lunch together on Friday?

6. <E > transitive to receive, accept or allow something to happen

• Here, have some more coffee.

• + to infinitive My mother's having visitors (to stay) next week.

• Let me have the book back next week.

• In the end they solved their problems and she had him back (= allowed him to come and live with her again) .

• I looked in all the shops for string but there was none to be had (= none that anyone could obtain) .

• I kept telling him that you were French but he wouldn't have it (= would not accept that it was true) .

• + -ing verb I won't have those kids running all over my flowerbeds (= I refuse to allow them to do this) .

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Getting, receiving and accepting ↑Capturing or taking possession of things ↑Allowing and permitting

• You would be wise to have the appropriate vaccinations before you go abroad.

• Let me have your decision by next week.

• I don't want to diminish her achievements, but she did have a lot of help.

• I've had a letter from the tax authorities concerning my tax payments.

• My father wouldn't have any animals in the house.

7. <E > transitive to cause something to happen or someone to do something

• + past participle We're having the house painted next month.

• + infinitive without to If you wait, I'll have someone collect it for you.

• + object + -ing verb The film soon had us crying.

• Guy'll have it working in no time.

• She had her parents down (= invited them to stay) for a week in the summer.

• We had the boat out (= went out in the boat) for the first time this week.

• We often have friends over/round (= invite them to come) on a Saturday night.

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Causing things to happen

8. <E > transitive + past participle to suffer something that someone does to you

• She had her car stolen (= it was stolen) last week.

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Occurring and happening

• Many chemicals have a damaging effect on the environment.

• This decision will have dire consequences for local people.

• I took the coat back to the shop to have it altered.

• Have you had your ears pierced? Oh yes, I can see you have.

• I haven't had my holiday photos developed yet.

9. <E > transitive to experience something

• We're having a wonderful time here in Venice.

• We didn't have any difficulty/problem finding the house.

• He hasn't been having much luck recently.

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Experiencing and suffering

• I think she's very conscious of being the only person in the office who didn't have a university education.

• I sometimes have difficulty distinguishing Spanish from Portuguese.

• I've never had any doubt at all - I know this is the right thing to do.

• Like so many men, he has problems committing himself to a relationship.

• She had a strong desire to go back to her home country before she died.

10. <E > transitive to give birth to a baby

• Elaine had a baby girl yesterday.

• My mother had me at home.

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Birth ↑Pregnancy

11. be having a baby/twins, etc.

to be pregnant/pregnant with twins (= two babies) etc

• I hear his wife's having a baby.

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Birth ↑Pregnancy

• I expect they plan to have children in the course of time.

• Your life changes dramatically when you have a baby.

• They were so late getting to the hospital, she nearly had her baby in the taxi.

• Have you heard whether Susan's had the baby yet?

• My sister-in-law had two sets of twins.

12. transitive not continuous slang to have sex with someone

• He asked me how many men I'd had.

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Sexual intercourse

Idioms: and have done with it ▪ good time was had by all ▪ have it in for somebody ▪ have it in you ▪ have it off ▪ have it out with somebody ▪ have nothing on somebody or something ▪ not have any of it

Phrasal Verbs: have somebody on ▪ have somebody up ▪ have something on ▪ have something out

have (got) to do sth

<E > to need to or be forced

• I have to go to Manchester tomorrow on business.

• What time have you got to be there?

• Do we have to finish this today?

• We'll have to start keeping detailed records.

• Jackie's ill so they've had to change their plans.

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Duty, obligation and responsibility

used to say that you are extremely hungry

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Hungry and thirsty

Main entry: eat_idiom

1. used to show that the following thing belongs to the person or thing named

• the cat's tail

• Patricia's dress

• today's paper

• the children's shoes

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Possessive forms

2. the house belonging to the stated person

• The boys are at Alison's.

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Home

3. UK the shop belonging to the stated person

• I got it at the greengrocer's.

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Home

used to form nouns from adjectives ending in '-able' or '-ible', to mean the quality of being the stated adjective

• suitability

• stability

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Conditions and characteristics

See also: ibility

1. added to verbs to form adjectives which mean able to receive the action of the stated verb

• breakable

• washable

• moveable

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Achievable

2. added to verbs to form adjectives which mean worth receiving the action of the stated verb

• an admirable person

• an acceptable answer

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Suitable and acceptable ↑Quite good, or not very good

See also: ible

1. used to form nouns which refer to the action or result of something

• blockage

• shrinkage

• wastage

• All breakages must be paid for.

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Outcomes and consequences

2. used to form nouns which refer to a state or condition

• bondage

• marriage

• shortage

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Conditions and characteristics

3. used to form nouns which are names of places

• orphanage

• vicarage

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Names and titles

unable to stop doing,eating or drinking something

• a workaholic

• an alcoholic

• a chocoholic

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Enthusiasts ↑Admirers ↑Addiction ↑Drug addiction

See also: -oholic

used to add the meaning 'connected with' to adjectives, or 'the action of' to nouns

• medical (= connected with medicine)

• approval (= the act of approving)

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Linking and relating ↑Regarding and concerning

connected with or belonging to the stated place, group or type

• an American

• a Canadian

• a Korean

• a Christian

• Russian literature

• Italian opera

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Groups of people ↑Nationalities

-ence

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Conditions and characteristics

-ency

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Conditions and characteristics

(a person or thing) performing or causing the stated action

• assistant

• participant

• disinfectant

• an expectant look

• a defiant child

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Acting and acts ↑Dealing with things or people

(a person who has) a connection with or belief in the stated subject

• a librarian (= person who works in a library)

• a vegetarian (= a person who does not eat meat)

• humanitarian aid (= help for injured, ill or hungry people)

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Supporters, members and defenders ↑Believers and non-believers

having the stated number or type of arms

• a one-armed person

Thesaurus⁺: ↑The arm

added to the end of words referring to an activity or event, especially one that has been organized to raise money for charity, to show that it continues for a long time

• a 24-hour dance-athon

• a walkathon

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Events and occurrences ↑Accidents and disasters ↑Long periods of time ↑Morphology and parts of words

-ion

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Acting and acts ↑Dealing with things or people

added to verbs to form adjectives meaning showing the ability to perform the activity represented by the verb

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Morphology and parts of words

1. used to form adjectives that describe who is providing support, especially financial support

• government-backed contracts

• US-backed intervention

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Backing, supporting and defending ↑Defending and protecting

2. used to form adjectives that describe what substance or material is at the back of something, or what the back of something is like

• foam-backed carpet

• high-backed dining chairs

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Surfaces of objects ↑Edges and extremities of objects

1. used to form adjectives showing the main place or area in which something or someone works, lives or does business

• a Manchester-based company

• community-based programs

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Placing and positioning an object

2. used to form adjectives describing the main thing from which a particular substance or object is made

• This is a cream-based sauce.

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Important and essential things ↑Information and messages

1. used in nouns meaning someone who hits or attacks a particular type of person

• gay/queer-basher

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Murderers and attackers

2. used in nouns meaning someone who strongly criticizes a particular type of person or thing

• union-basher

Thesaurus⁺: ↑People who analyse and judge ↑Disapproving and criticizing ↑Damaging reputation

1. used in nouns meaning the practice of attacking a particular type of person violently

• gay/queer-bashing

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Hitting and beating ↑Punishing by causing pain

2. used in nouns meaning strong criticism of a particular type of person or thing

• union-bashing

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Disapproving and criticizing ↑Damaging reputation

supporting or holding the stated thing

• a load-bearing wall

• ore-bearing rocks

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Physical supports and supporting ↑Arches, columns and beams

having the stated number of bedrooms

• a two-bedroomed house

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Buildings in general ↑Shops, markets and auctions ↑Restaurants and cafes

used after a word describing how someone behaves

• well/badly/perfectly-behaved children

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Behaving, interacting and behaviour

having a belly (= stomach) of the type mentioned

• pot-bellied

• big-bellied

Thesaurus⁺: ↑The human torso

having the type of blood mentioned

• warm-blooded

Thesaurus⁺: ↑The circulatory system and blood

1. having a particular type of body

• a long-bodied insect

• a soft-bodied doll

Thesaurus⁺: ↑The body

2. having a particular quality of thickness or strength of flavour

• a medium-bodied wine

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Flavours and tastes ↑Wines and winemaking

having bones of the type mentioned

• She is big-boned, but she's not fat.

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Bone structures

used in adjectives to express the width of a circular hole in a cylindrical object, especially the inside of a gun barrel (= part shaped like a tube)

• a twelve-bore shotgun

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Parts of guns

born in the way, place or order mentioned

• newborn

• Ben Okri is a Nigerian-born poet and novelist.

• the first-born son

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Birth ↑Pregnancy

carried or moved by a particular thing

• airborne

• waterborne

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Transferring and transporting objects

1. travelling in the stated direction

• Northbound traffic is moving very slowly because of the accident.

• US The line did not close completely, but inbound and outbound trains (= trains which were arriving and leaving) had to share one of the two tracks near the station.

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Direction of motion ↑Points of the compass

2. (causing people to be) unable to leave a place because of an unwanted condition

• During his long illness he was completely housebound (= he could not leave the house) .

• She has been wheelchair-bound for several years.

• The airport was completely fogbound (= covered by fog) .

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Lack of freedom to act

3. used to describe a book that is covered or held together in the stated way

• a leather-bound book

• a spiral-bound notebook

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Covering and adding layers

4. used to describe clothes or other objects that have edges covered in the stated way

• leather-bound cuffs

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Decorating or making something attractive

1. having a particular type of brain

• These dinosaurs were large-brained and more intelligent than most.

Thesaurus⁺: ↑The brain and nervous system

2. disapproving used in various phrases to describe someone as stupid or badly organized

• bird-brained

• harebrained

• scatterbrained

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Forgetting and forgetfulness ↑Stupid and silly ↑Of unsound mind

1. someone who uses force to go into or open the stated thing

• a house-breaker

• a safebreaker

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Unfastening and opening

2. someone who does not obey a law or rule, etc.

• a lawbreaker

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Obeying and breaking the law ↑Obedient and compliant ↑Disobedient ↑Bad and wrong behaviour ↑Miscellaneous criminals

1. (of a coat or jacket, etc.) designed with the stated arrangement of buttons at the front

• double-breasted

• single-breasted

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Coats, jackets and cloaks

2. having the stated type of breasts

• a big/small-breasted woman

Thesaurus⁺: ↑The breast

• She wore a wide-brimmed hat.

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Things worn to cover the head, face or neck

Main entry: brim_derived

a person or thing intended to destroy the stated thing

• crime-busters

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Destroying and demolishing ↑Damaging and spoiling

added to nouns to form adjectives which mean able to use the stated thing

• These are nuclear-capable aircraft (= They can carry nuclear weapons) .

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Possible and probable

with a top covered in the way mentioned

• a snow-capped mountain

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Edges and extremities of objects ↑Surfaces of objects

(of a plant or an animal) containing the stated number of cells

• a single-celled life form

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Cells

having the stated thing as your main interest

• Eurocentric

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Excited, interested and enthusiastic

Derived: -centrism

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Political movements and groups

Main entry: -centric_derived

red-/rosy-cheeked

having red cheeks

Thesaurus⁺: ↑The head and face

with a chest (= top half of the body) of the stated type

• He was bare-chested.

• She is rather flat-chested (= She has small breasts) .

Thesaurus⁺: ↑The human torso

having a particular type of chin

• square-chinned

Thesaurus⁺: ↑The head and face

1. with a covering of the stated substance

• sugar-coated almonds

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Covering and adding layers

2. (of an animal) with a coat (= hair, wool or fur) of the stated type

• a smooth-coated dog

Thesaurus⁺: ↑The skin, hair and bone of non-human animals

of the colour or colours described

• a multi-coloured scarf

• brightly-coloured flowers

• flesh-coloured tights

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Colour - general words

used after nouns and adverbs to mean 'knowing about and worried about a particular thing', or 'thinking that something is important'

• fashion-conscious teenagers

• the health-conscious consumer

• He's never been especially politically conscious.

See also self-conscious

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Aware

having the number of corners mentioned

• a three-cornered hat

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Geometrical shapes ↑Spherical, circular and annular objects

covered in the way mentioned

• snow-covered hills

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Covering and adding layers

used to join two nouns, showing that a person or thing does two things or has two purposes; combined with

• This is my bedroom-cum-study.

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Also, extra, and in addition

used to form the past simple and past participle of regular verbs

• called

• asked

• looked

• started

• played

• returned

• worked

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Verb forms, tenses and types of verbs

used with an ordinal number to show how serious something is

• She suffered first-/second-/third-degree (= least serious/serious/very serious) burns on her legs.

• US He's being charged with first-degree (= the most serious type of) murder.

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Serious and unpleasant ↑Not attractive to look at ↑Informal words for bad

having measurements in the stated directions

• a three-dimensional figure

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Geometrical shapes ↑Spherical, circular and annular objects

1. providing the power to keep a machine working, or to make something happen

• The new ships, propelled by gas turbines, require less maintenance than older, steam-driven ones.

• The fact remains that there are some public services that cannot be entirely market-driven (= controlled by economic forces) .

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Machinery and machines ↑Household equipment and domestic chores

2. describing the person driving a vehicle

• He arrived every morning by chauffeur-driven car.

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Drivers

connected with or belonging to the stated place, group or type

• an American

• a Canadian

• a Korean

• a Christian

• Russian literature

• Italian opera

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Groups of people ↑Nationalities

with ears of a particular type

• a long-eared rabbit

Thesaurus⁺: ↑The ear

used to form the past simple and past participle of regular verbs

• called

• asked

• looked

• started

• played

• returned

• worked

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Verb forms, tenses and types of verbs

having a particular type of edge

• a double-edged blade

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Edges and extremities of objects ↑Surfaces of objects

1. added to a verb to form a noun which refers to the person who the action of the verb is being done to

• an employee (= someone who is employed)

• the payee (= a person who money is paid to)

• an interviewee (= someone who is being interviewed for a job)

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Morphology and parts of words

2. added to an adjective, noun or verb to refer to a person who is in that condition or state

• a refugee (= someone who has taken refuge)

• an escapee (= someone who has escaped)

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Morphology and parts of words

president-elect/prime minister-elect, etc.

the person who has been voted to be president, prime minster, etc. but has not yet started work

• The President-elect has been preparing to take office in January.

Compare designate

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Elections ↑Recruiting staff, applying for and accepting jobs

used to form verbs which mean to increase the stated quality

• Sweeten to taste with honey or brown sugar.

• I've had to loosen my belt.

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Increasing and intensifying

1. used to form nouns which refer to an action or series of actions

• violence (= violent actions)

• a performance (= act of performing)

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Acting and acts ↑Dealing with things or people

2. used to form nouns which describe a state or quality

• her long absence (= period during which she was absent)

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Conditions and characteristics

used to form nouns showing a state or quality

• her long presidency (= time during which she was President)

• a difficult pregnancy (= time during which a woman is pregnant)

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Conditions and characteristics

See also: -ancy

used for showing what type or number of engines something has

• twin-engined

• jet-engined

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Mechanical engineering ↑Generating and pumping devices

• Several athletes tested positive for illegal performance-enhancing drugs.

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Making things better ↑Becoming better

Main entry: enhance_derived

(a person or thing) performing or causing the stated action

• assistant

• participant

• disinfectant

• an expectant look

• a defiant child

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Acting and acts ↑Dealing with things or people

1. (also -or) added to some verbs to form nouns which refer to people or things that do that particular activity

• a singer (= a person who sings)

• a swimmer (= a person who swims)

• a dishwasher (= a machine or person that washes dishes)

• an actor (= a person who acts)

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Acting and acts ↑Dealing with things or people

2. added to the names of particular subjects to form nouns which refer to people who have knowledge about or are studying that subject

• a philosopher (= a person who knows about/studies philosophy)

• an astronomer (= a person who knows about/studies astronomy)

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Experts and specialists

3. added to the names of particular places to form nouns referring to people who come from those places

• a Londoner (= a person who comes from London)

• a northerner (= a person who comes from the north)

Thesaurus⁺: ↑People who live or settle somewhere

4. added to nouns or adjectives to form nouns referring to people who are connected or involved with that particular thing

• a pensioner (= a person who receives a pension)

• first graders (= children who are in the first grade of an American school)

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Linking and relating ↑Regarding and concerning

5. added to nouns to form nouns or adjectives referring to people or things which have those particular characteristics

• a double-decker (= a bus with two decks)

• a big-spender (= someone who spends a lot of money)

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Conditions and characteristics

used to form the plural of nouns

• books

• sandwiches

of a place, or the language spoken in a place

• Lebanese

• Chinese

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Morphology and parts of words

like or in the style of someone or their work

• Dali-esque

• Leonardo-esque

• Working there was like being trapped in a Kafkaesque nightmare.

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Similar and the same ↑Describing people with the same qualities

makes superlative adjectives and adverbs

• bravest

• latest

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Morphology and parts of words

with the type of eyes described

• a brown-eyed baby girl

• She was wide-eyed in amazement.

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Eyesight, glasses and lenses ↑Using the eyes ↑The eye and surrounding area ↑Optics, microscopy and lasers

with the type of face described

• round-faced (= having a round face)

• sad-faced (= having a sad face)

• red-faced (= embarrassed)

Thesaurus⁺: ↑The head and face

multi-/many-faceted

having many different parts

• a multi-faceted personality

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Complexity ↑Difficult to understand

turned towards the stated direction

• Most avalanche accidents occur on north- and east-facing slopes.

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Describing movement towards ↑Direction of motion ↑Points of the compass

an area of land containing a particular natural substance

• an oilfield

• a coalfield

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Mining and quarrying

full of the stated thing

• a smoke-filled room

• a fun-filled weekend

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Filling and completing

with or using the stated number of fingers

• two-fingered typing

Thesaurus⁺: ↑The hand

using the stated type of fuel

• Gas-fired power stations are expected to produce cheaper electricity than coal-fired ones.

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Fuels ↑Petroleum products especially when used as fuel

dishonest activity to make certain that a competition, race or election is won by a particular person

• Seven jockeys were arrested and charged with race-fixing.

• After several days of questioning, he admitted to match-fixing.

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Cheating and tricking ↑Plotting and trapping

tasting of the thing stated

• orange-flavoured chocolate

• mint-flavoured sweets

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Flavours and tastes

tasting of the thing stated

• orange-flavoured chocolate

• mint-flavoured sweets

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Flavours and tastes

having the stated number of parts, or multiplied by the stated number

• threefold

• fourfold

• The problems are twofold - firstly, economic, and secondly, political.

• In the last 50 years, there has been a 33-fold increase in the amount of pesticide used in farming.

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Terms for numbers

with feet of the stated type or number

• our four-footed friends (= animals having four feet)

• bare-footed children (= children wearing no shoes)

Thesaurus⁺: ↑The foot

the stated number of feet in length

• Our boat's a forty-footer.

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Measurements of length and distance

a student of the stated class group

• sixth-formers (= students usually aged 16-18)

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Students and pupils

1. used at the end of words to mean 'without having to pay'

• They agreed to let us live there rent-free.

• Many banks are now offering interest-free overdrafts to students.

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Costing or worth little or no money

2. used at the end of words to mean 'without'

• lead-free fuel

• No working environment is entirely stress-free.

• The journey was surprisingly hassle-free.

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Lacking things ↑Scarce, inadequate and not enough ↑Essential or necessary

1. used at the end of words to mean 'not harmful'

• environmentally-friendly detergent

• ozone-friendly aerosols

• dolphin-friendly tuna (= fish caught without harming dolphins) .

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Safe and secure

2. used at the end of words to mean 'suitable for particular people to use'

• a family-friendly restaurant

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Easiness and simplicity

1. having the stated quality to a high degree, or causing it

• colourful

• powerful

• painful

• truthful

• beautiful

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Having and owning - general words

2. the amount of something needed to fill the stated container or place

• a spoonful of sugar

• a mouthful of tea

• a houseful of people

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Informal measurements of volume ↑Measurements of volume

in a way that shows the stated quality

• powerfully

• tearfully

• truthfully

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Having and owning - general words

used in adjectives to express the width of a circular hole in a cylindrical object, especially the inside of a gun barrel (= part shaped like a tube)

• a twelve-bore shotgun

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Parts of guns

a person who goes to the stated type of place

• Restaurant-goers ought to complain more about bad food and service.

• regular filmgoers

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Audiences and spectators

refers to the activity of going to the stated place

• He grew up in a strict church-going family.

Thesaurus⁺: ↑General words for movement

getting or taking a lot of the stated thing

• a money-grabbing scheme

• a headline-grabbing court case (= one which is being written about a lot in newspapers)

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Capturing or taking possession of things ↑Getting, receiving and accepting

a student in the stated class level at school

• an eighth-grader

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Students and pupils

with the hair described

• dark-haired

• short-haired

Thesaurus⁺: ↑The skin, hair and bone of non-human animals ↑Hair

someone who dislikes the stated thing

• He thinks I'm a real man-hater.

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Feelings of dislike and hatred

a must-do/-have/-see, etc.

something that is so good, you must do it, have it or see it

• The cashmere scarf is this season's must-have.

• It's a moderately entertaining film but it's certainly not a must-see.

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Causing pleasure

a person with a particular strong interest or addiction

• a crack-head (= someone who depends on the drug crack)

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Drug addiction ↑Addiction

having the number or type of heads mentioned

• a many-headed monster

Thesaurus⁺: ↑The head

having a character or feelings of the stated type

• a light-hearted play

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Mind and personality ↑Science of psychology and psychoanalysis

Derived: -heartedly ▪ -heartedness

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Mind and personality ↑Science of psychology and psychoanalysis

Main entry: -hearted_derived

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Mind and personality ↑Science of psychology and psychoanalysis

Main entry: -hearted_derived

used to form nouns describing the state of being a particular thing

• priesthood

• childhood/manhood

• nationhood

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Conditions and characteristics ↑Existing and being

used for describing the state of people's feelings

• The election campaign has been remarkably peaceful, even good-humoured.

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Moods

having a strong wish or desire for the stated thing

• power-hungry politicians

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Wanting things ↑Hoping and hopefulness

1. someone who hunts the stated animal

• a fox-hunter

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Hunting

2. someone who is trying to find or get the stated thing

• a job-hunter

• a house-hunter

• bargain-hunters

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Searching

connected with or belonging to the stated place, group or type

• an American

• a Canadian

• a Korean

• a Christian

• Russian literature

• Italian opera

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Groups of people ↑Nationalities

used to form nouns from adjectives ending '-ible' or 'able'

• accessibility

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Conditions and characteristics

used to form adjectives meaning 'able to be'

• convertible

• accessible

• permissible

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Achievable

See also: -able

used to form adjectives

• scenic

• economic

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Morphology and parts of words

added to nouns to form adjectives meaning 'relating to'

• historical

• political

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Morphology and parts of words

used to form nouns which refer to an area of work or study

• the world of politics

• the study of economics/physics/ethics

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Subjects and disciplines

used to form verbs meaning to cause an increase in the stated quality; to become

• simplify

• beautify

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Increasing and intensifying

used to form a noun which describes an activity in which many people take part

• a sit-in/phone-in

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Morphology and parts of words

(of a person) waiting or expecting to be given the authority, job or power named

• The press has identified several government ministers-in-waiting, saying that they are likely to be appointed in the autumn.

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Planning, expecting and arranging ↑Plotting and trapping

caused by the stated person or activity

• a self-induced illness

• work-induced stress

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Causing things to happen

used to form the present participle of regular verbs

• calling

• asking

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Verb forms, tenses and types of verbs

• I'm sure he's well-intentioned - he wouldn't mean any harm.

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Planning, expecting and arranging ↑Plotting and trapping

Main entry: intention_derived

added to verbs to form nouns showing action or condition

• obsession

• restoration

• repetition

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Morphology and parts of words

See also: -ation

used to form nouns from some verbs

• the modernization of the office

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Causing things to happen

added to adjectives to form verbs meaning to cause to become

• to modernize (= to make modern)

• to centralize

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Causing things to happen

1. used to form adjectives and nouns which say what country or area a person, thing or language comes from

• Spanish dancing (= dancing from Spain)

• Are you English (= someone from England) ?

• I've always liked the Irish (= people from Ireland) .

• Do you speak Swedish (= the language of Sweden) ?

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Nationalities

2. used to form adjectives which say what a person, thing or action is like

• foolish

• childish

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Similar and the same ↑Describing people with the same qualities

3. used to form adjectives to give the meaning to some degree; partly; quite

• He had a sort of reddish beard.

• She was oldish - about 60, I'd say.

• We'll start at sevenish (= about 7 o'clock) .

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Approximate

1. used to form nouns which describe social, political or religious beliefs, studies or ways of behaving

• sexism

• feminism

• Buddhism

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Morphology and parts of words

2. an example of typical behaviour

• That expression was a real Taylor-ism (= an example of behaving or speaking like Taylor) .

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Behaving, interacting and behaviour

used to form adjectives and nouns which describe (a person with) a particular set of beliefs or way of behaving

• Marxist philosophy

• a feminist

• a sexist

Compare -ite

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Opinions, beliefs and points of view

used to describe someone who is a strong supporter of another person, when added to the name of that person

• Clintonistas

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Supporters, members and defenders ↑Believers and non-believers

used for a person who supports particular beliefs, actions or ideas, especially when added to the name of the person who is the origin of the ideas

• a Thatcherite

• a Reaganite

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Supporters, members and defenders ↑Believers and non-believers

added to verbs to form nouns showing action or condition

• obsession

• restoration

• repetition

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Morphology and parts of words

See also: -ation

added to verbs to form adjectives meaning showing the ability to perform the activity represented by the verb

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Morphology and parts of words

added to adjectives to form nouns referring to a state or quality

• brutality

• legality

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Conditions and characteristics

added to verbs to form adjectives meaning showing the ability to perform the activity represented by the verb

• imaginative

• descriptive

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Conditions and characteristics

used to form nouns from some verbs

• the modernization of the office

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Causing things to happen

added to adjectives to form verbs meaning to cause to become

• to modernize (= to make modern)

• to centralize

Thesaurus⁺: ↑Causing things to happen

planned or controlled by a particular person or thing

• child-led activities (= children deciding what to do)