Pragma
Pragma is the title given to the most senior brethren of the Dûnyain . They are responsible for teaching the younger Dûnyain generations.

Known Pragma

- Kessriga Jeükal
- Meigon
- Samarmau Uän

Praxum
"Praxum Bogras" Praxum Bogras is the general of the Selial Column , slain at Anwurat . His position is succeeded by Baxatas .

Praxum Bogras

Title(s): General
Lived: 4059 - 4111
Race: Men
Nationality: Nansur
Gender: Male
Occupation: General of the Selial Column

Praxum Bogras

Title(s): General
Lived: 4059 - 4111
Race: Men
Nationality: Nansur
Gender: Male
Occupation: General of the Selial Column

Praxum Bogras
Praxum Bogras is the general of the Selial Column , slain at Anwurat . His position is succeeded by Baxatas .

Praxum Bogras

Title(s): General
Lived: 4059 - 4111
Race: Men
Nationality: Nansur
Gender: Male
Occupation: General of the Selial Column

Praxum Bogras

Title(s): General
Lived: 4059 - 4111
Race: Men
Nationality: Nansur
Gender: Male
Occupation: General of the Selial Column

Precincts
"Imperial Precincts" Imperial Precincts is the name given to the grounds of the Andiamine Heights .

Prima
"Prima Arcanata" The Prima Arcanata is the magnum opus of Gotagga , representing the first sustained examination of sorcerous metaphysics by Men .

Prima Arcanata
The Prima Arcanata is the magnum opus of Gotagga , representing the first sustained examination of sorcerous metaphysics by Men .

Prince
"Prince of Nothing" The Prince of Nothing is a series of three fantasy novels by the Canadian author R. Scott Bakker , the first book of which was published in 2003, part of a wider series known as The Second Apocalypse . The trilogy details the emergence of Anasûrimbor Kellhus , a brilliant monastic warrior, as he takes control of a Holy War and the hearts and minds of its leaders. Kellhus exhibits incredible powers of prediction and persuasion, which are derived from deep knowledge of rationality, cognitive biases, and causality, as discovered by the Dûnyain , a secret monastic sect. As Kellhus goes from military leader to divine prophet, Drusas Achamian , the sorcerer who mentors Kellhus, comes to realize that his student may well be the harbinger of the prophesied Second Apocalypse . The key feature distinguishing the Prince of Nothing series from its contemporaries is the importance of philosophy to the work. The plot, characters, setting, and metaphysics of the Prince of Nothing are intertwined with philosophical positions unique to the series. Bakker has mentioned that this series was primarily influenced by the works of Tolkien and Frank Herbert.

The Darkness That Comes Before

Strikingly original in its conception, ambitious in scope, with characters engrossingly and vividly drawn, the first book in R. Scott Bakker’s Prince of Nothing series creates a remarkable world from whole cloth—its language and classes of people, its cities, religions, mysteries, taboos, and rituals—the kind of all—embracing universe Tolkien and Herbert created unforgettably in the epic fantasies The Lord of the Rings and Dune. It’s a world scarred by an apocalyptic past, evoking a time both two thousand years past and two thousand years into the future, as untold thousands gather for a crusade. Among them, two men and two women are ensnared by a mysterious traveller, Anasûrimbor Kellhus—part warrior, part philosopher, part sorcerous, charismatic presence—from lands long thought dead. The Darkness That Comes Before is a history of this great Holy War, and like all histories, the survivours write its conclusion.

The Warrior-Prophet

The first battle against the heathen has been won, but while the Great Names plot and squabble over the spoils, Kellhus patiently extends his influence, drawing more followers to his banner. The sorcerer Achamian and his lover, Esmenet, submit entirely, only to have their faith tested in unimaginable ways. The warrior Cnaiür falls ever deeper into madness. The skin-spies of the Consult watch with growing trepidation. And as the vast host of the Holy War endures its sternest test in the searing wastes of the desert, a name—a title—begins to be whispered amongst the faithful. But who is the Warrior-Prophet: a dangerous heretic, who turns brother against brother? Or the only man who can avert the Second Apocalypse? The Holy War stands on a knife edge. If all is not to be lost the great powers will have to choose between their most desperate desires and their most ingrained prejudice. Between hatred and hope. Between the Warrior-Prophet and the end of the world …

The Thousandfold Thought

The Darkness That Comes Before, R. Scott Bakker’s magnificent debut, drew thunderous acclaim from reviewers and fellow fantasy authors. Readers were invited into a darkly threatening, thrillingly imaginative universe as fully realized as that of any in modern fantasy and introduced to one of the genre’s great characters: the powerful warrior-philosopher Anasûrimbor Kellhus, on whom the fate of a violently apocalyptic Holy War rests. Bakker’s follow up to The Darkness That Comes Before, The Warrior-Prophet enticed readers further into the richly imagined world of myth, violence, and sorcery. The startling and far-reaching answers to these questions are brought into thrilling focus in The Thousandfold Thought, the conclusion to The Prince of Nothing trilogy. Casting into question all the action that has taken place before, twisting readers’ intuitions in unforeseen directions, remolding the fantasy genre to broaden the scope of intricacy and meaning, R. Scott Bakker has once again written a fantasy novel that defies all expectations and rewards the reader with an experience unlike any to be had in the canon of fantasy literature.

Background

The Prince of Nothing series takes place in the fictional continent of Eärwa , which is separated from another continent to the east (mentioned but unseen), called Eänna . The main inhabitants of Eärwa are human, but were preceded by the Nonmen (or Cûnuroi), immortal beings who went mad with the accumulation of centuries of memory, and the Inchoroi , alien beings who crash-landed in northern Eärwa five-thousand years prior to the events of the Prince of Nothing . These creatures' machinations led both to the downfall of the Nonmen and, with the aid of a group of human sorcerers known as the Consult , the summoning of Mog-Pharau, the No-God . This event, known as the First Apocalypse , caused the collapse of most of human civilization, but was stopped by the efforts of the sorcerer Seswatha and Anasûrimbor Celmomas II , the last of a line of royalty. Society was eventually rebuilt after this event, which became more legend than history. Nonetheless, the Consult still endeavored to bring back the No-God and finish the plan they had begun thousands of years before. The action of the series is confined to the Three Seas area, home of multiple human nations, ethnicities, and religions. The first novel opens with the start of a Holy War, pitting the Inrithi nations and the Thousand Temples against the "heathen" Fanim , followers of a prophet who broke from Inrithism hundreds of years previously. The goal of the war is to retake Shimeh , a city venerated by both faiths, although as the war progresses its goal is subtly warped from the inside by the machinations of Anasûrimbor Kellhus.

Main Characters

The novels follow the point of view of several characters on the Inrithi side of the Holy War. Most of the characters are of the Ketyai ethnicity, common to the western and eastern Three Seas. Characters' surnames precede their given names, similar to the order commonly used in Hungary, China, and Japan. - Drusas Achamian is a member of the Mandate School , who joins the Holy War by order of his superiors. There, he meets and teaches Anasûrimbor Kellhus in secret, while slowly discovering his place in the coming Second Apocalypse. Achamian also meets his old students Nersei Proyas , Prince of Conriya , and Krijates Xinemus , the Marshal of Attrempus .
- Esmenet is a prostitute in the city of Sumna , and is Achamian's lover. She follows him into the Holy War and falls under the influence of Kellhus along with Achamian.
- Anasûrimbor Kellhus is the mysterious Dûnyain monk whose power over those around him brings him control of the Holy War and its people. He was sent by his sect to find his father, Anasûrimbor Moënghus , who lives in the city of Shimeh, the Holy War's destination.
- Cnaiür urs Skiötha is a Scylvendi barbarian chieftain of the Utemot tribe, whose relationship with Moënghus 30 years previously makes him the only character with knowledge of the Dûnyain. He is also the first to meet Kellhus, and accompanies him to Momemn to join the Holy War.
- Serwë is a concubine claimed by Cnaiür as his prize, and later used by Kellhus to control Cnaiür.
- Ikurei Conphas is a prideful Nansur general and nephew to that nation's Emperor. His victories over the Scylvendi make him the foremost choice for leader of the Holy War, before Cnaiür takes that position from him.
- Anasûrimbor Moënghus is Kellhus' father. He left the Dûnyain 30 years before the events of the series.

Magic and the Schools

Magic in the Prince of Nothing is the use of the spell-caster's will to influence the world, often contrary to the plans of the gods . Thus, magic is viewed as sacrilegious by the Thousand Temples, and is condemned in the Inrithi nations. Sorcerous Schools arose in response to this pressure, creating powerful political and military forces apart from the religious order. The human population of Eärwa is not all able to use magic. Rather, that ability is confined to the Few , a small subset of people. Additionally, the various Schools of magic only allow male practitioners, further dwindling the number of possible sorcerers. Even so, those who choose to study magic are granted large amounts of power, balanced by a lack of religious acceptance and a vulnerability to Chorae , small spherical antimagic talismans. There are two main types of magic used in the northern Three Seas: Gnostic and Anagogic . While Gnostic magic is superios, it is largely forgotten (being the dominant art of the Ancient North , destroyed during the First Apocalypse). Anagogic magic is more widely studied among multiple schools.

Gnostic Schools

- The Mandate is a School founded by Seswatha after the First Apocalypse to fight against the return of Mog-Pharau. Members of the Mandate undergo a ritual that allows them to relive Seswatha's experiences each night as they dream, so that they never forget the horrors of the Apocalypse. The Quorum is the ruling body of the Mandate School, which is headed by Seidru Nautzera .
- The Mangaecca , or the Consult (as it was later known), is the School that first came in contact with the Inchoroi, leading them to adopt those beings' immoral ways, along with the powerful art of Tekne (essentially genetic engineering).

Anagogic Schools

- The Scarlet Spires is the most powerful School in the Three Seas. It controls much of the politics of High Ainon , an eastern Ketyai nation. It has has attempted to steal the secrets of Gnosis from the Mandate, using kidnapping and torture, but without success. Hanamanu Eleäzaras is the Grandmaster of the Scarlet Spires during the series.
- The Imperial Saik is a School indentured to the Emperor of Nansur, and serves the interests of the Nansur Empire, which has been most directly in conflict with the Kianene Fanim. Cememketri is the Grandmaster of this school.
- The Mysunsai is the self-proclaimed "Mercenary School". Instead of serving some political power, it sells its services to any who will purchase its service.

Other types

- The Psûkhe is the arcane art of the Cishaurim , the blind sorcerer-priests of the Fanim. Their magic is seemingly separate from the Gnostic and Anagogic types, as it cannot be perceived by the Few. This seemingly indicates that the magic is in accord with the gods' (or in the case of the Fanim, God's) wishes, as sorcery is usually identified by the harmful Mark it makes upon Creation.
- The Daimos is magic used to summon creatures from the Outside, such as the demonic Ciphrang , by binding those beings to the caster's soul. Heramari Iyokus , Master of Spies of the Scarlet Spires, is the only Daimotic caster introduced in the series.

Religion

Religion plays an important part in the politics and daily life of the residents of the Three Seas. The Holy War, the driving force behind the plot of the Prince of Nothing , is an explicitly religious conflict between the Inrithi and the Fanim, the two main religious orders of the region.

Inrithism

The Inrithi religion was founded on the revelation of the Latter Prophet, Inri Sejenus . Analogous to Christianity (INRI is an acronym found on many crucifixes, while "Sejenus" is an anagram of n e Jesus, phonetically Any Jesus), this religion is a mixture of polytheistic and monotheistic elements. The polytheistic portion is derived from the ancient Cults, which are devoted each to a different god. The central text of Inrithism is The Chronicle of the Tusk , an enormous carved tusk covered in the writings of the early prophets before the Five Tribes of Men entered into Earwa. Inri Sejenus provided a reinterpretation of the tusk, fusing the individual gods of the Cults into Aspects of one God. The Thousand Temples are the ecclesiastical body that represents Inrithism, which is headed by the Shriah , a parallel figure to the Catholic Church's Pope. The Shriah is also in charge of the Shrial Knights , a monastic military order which are analogous to the religious Praetorian Guard. The Thousand Temples are based in Sumna, where the Holy War begins. At the start of the series, Maithanet is the Shriah, and Incheiri Gotian is the Grandmaster of the Shrial Knights.

The Zaudunyani

During The Warrior Prophet and The Thousandfold Thought , Kellhus creates a branch of Inrithism based around his own actions and prophecy. Its symbol is the Circumfix, the apparatus used to torture Kellhus (an obvious parallel to the crucifix). The name comes from the fact that adherents are part of Kellhus' "tribe of truth", and followers of the Dûnyain teachings.

Fanimry

Based on the teachings of the Prophet Fane , Fanimry is solely monotheistic and rejects the polytheistic elements of Inrithism, as well as the holiness of the Tusk. This puts it in direct conflict with the Thousand Temples. The only nation of the Three Seas that accepts Fanimry is Kian, in the southwest of the region. Additionally, Fanimry disagrees on the acceptance of magic and sorcerers—in this case the Psûkhe, the magic cast by the Cishaurim. The Fanim appear analogous to Muslims, as they are desert-dwelling monotheists in conflict with an older related faith. Bakker also uses Islamic terms when describing the Fanim, such as their " White Jihad ", a war against the Nansur Empire to the north of Kian. Also, Fanimry has a prohibition against representations of the God, akin to hadith prohibitions against depictions of Muhammad and other rules against idolatry.

Historical influences

R. Scott Bakker drew upon many cultures as inspiration—notably Hellenistic Greece, Scythia, the Byzantine Empire, and other European and Middle Eastern cultures—for the Three Seas region of Eärwa. The setting is large and sweeping, with obvious parallels to the time period of the First Crusade. Some clear references to actual historical events include the Vulgar Holy War (a parallel of the People's Crusade) and the Emperor's Indenture (a parallel of the oaths of homage extracted from the crusaders by Byzantine Emperor Alexius I).

Aspect-Emperor

The Second Apocalypse series is continued in the Aspect-Emperor trilogy, which describes events taking place 20 years after the conclusion of Prince of Nothing . The first book of the series is The Judging Eye , and was first published in 2009. The second is The White-Luck Warrior and was published in 2011.

Prince of Nothing
The Prince of Nothing is a series of three fantasy novels by the Canadian author R. Scott Bakker , the first book of which was published in 2003, part of a wider series known as The Second Apocalypse . The trilogy details the emergence of Anasûrimbor Kellhus , a brilliant monastic warrior, as he takes control of a Holy War and the hearts and minds of its leaders. Kellhus exhibits incredible powers of prediction and persuasion, which are derived from deep knowledge of rationality, cognitive biases, and causality, as discovered by the Dûnyain , a secret monastic sect. As Kellhus goes from military leader to divine prophet, Drusas Achamian , the sorcerer who mentors Kellhus, comes to realize that his student may well be the harbinger of the prophesied Second Apocalypse . The key feature distinguishing the Prince of Nothing series from its contemporaries is the importance of philosophy to the work. The plot, characters, setting, and metaphysics of the Prince of Nothing are intertwined with philosophical positions unique to the series. Bakker has mentioned that this series was primarily influenced by the works of Tolkien and Frank Herbert.

The Darkness That Comes Before

The Warrior-Prophet

The Thousandfold Thought

Background

Main Characters

Magic and the Schools

Gnostic Schools

Anagogic Schools

Other types

Religion

Inrithism

The Zaudunyani

Fanimry

Historical influences

Aspect-Emperor

Prince of Nothing Wiki:About
The Prince of Nothing Wiki is a fan-made encyclopedia project based on R. Scott Bakker ’s The Second Apocalypse series. The Wiki was founded by Zarlack in July 23, 2008. If you have a question please ask one of our administrators .

Procorus
"Battle of Procorus" The Battle of Procorus was a decisive battle fought in 4106 between the Galeoth host under Coithus Saubon and the Imperial Army of the Nansur under Ikurei Conphas as part of the Galeoth Wars . The Galeoth host was defeated and Saubon was humiliated by Conphas.

Progenitors
The Progenitors are the species which created the Inchoroi , built the Incû-Holoinas and mastered the art of the Tekne . Their true name is unknown. The progenitors are native to another planet elsewhere in the void. They achieved total technological and biological mastery and were close to grasping the Absolute before discovering - possibly through the creation of the Inverse Fire - that they were doomed to eternal damnation after death. They created the Incû-Holoinas to carry their genetically-engineered servitors, the Inchoroi, through the void to obliterate life on other worlds until this removed the threat of damnation. It is unknown why the progenitors themselves did not join the expedition. The fate of the progenitors is unknown. By Cet’ingira 's reckoning, the Incû-Holoinas crashed on The World over eight thousand years ago and, according to Wutteät , it travelled through the void to "countless" other worlds before that. It may be that after such a long time, maybe tens of thousands of years, the progenitors are extinct, or drove themselves insane through the knowledge of the Inverse Fire. The Inchoroi themselves remember nothing of their origins; what scant information is known was extracted by Cet’ingira and the Dûnyain from the Ark over the course of many years.

Prologue
"Book I: Prologue"

Summary

2147 Year-of-the-Tusk , the Mountains of Demua In Ishuäl , the secret refuge of the Kûniüric High Kings, Anasûrimbor Ganrelka II ’s household is wiped out by a plague save for Ganrelka’s bastard son and a Bardic Priest. The Priest molests the boy muttering “There are no crimes when no one is left alive.” The Priest is then killed by the boy. Later, a group of Dûnyain refugees seems to stumbles upon Ishuäl and scales its walls. One of them finds the boy and asks why he fears them, to which the boy replies, “So long as men live, there are crimes!” and the man says “No, child, only so long as men are deceived.” The Dûnyain and boy find shelter in Ishuäl against the Apocalypse , and the world forgets them for two thousand years. ———«»———«»———«»——— Late Autumn, 4109 Year-of-the-Tusk, the Mountains of Demua 1962 years later, the Dûnyain are sent dreams by someone demanding that they send to him his son. They meet in the Labyrinth called the Thousand Thousand Halls where they decide that this “desecration” cannot be tolerated. Anasûrimbor Kellhus , the son in question, sets out of Ishuäl to find his father, while the “dreamers” descend to the Thousand Thousand Halls where they will die. Kellhus wanders around until he is too weak to continue and succumbs. A trapper named Leweth finds him buried in snow and saves him. Kellhus possesses the man’s thoughts using his much superior intellect and the fact that he can read his thoughts through his face. Leweth tells Kellhus about the No-God , the Consult , Sorcery , the Gods , and the Apocalypse , all of which Kellhus dismisses as superstition. Eventually, Leweth and Kellhus are attacked by a band of Sranc and are forced to leave their cabin. Leweth is wounded and tells Kellhus about the Nonman Ruins to the west. Kellhus leaves him for the Sranc. Kellhus moves on and encounters a deranged Nonman Qûya . The two fight and Kellhus is stunned by the Nonman’s use of sorcery. He flees while the Nonman’s booming voice says “I WILL REMEMBER.”

Point of view

- Anasûrimbor Kellhus
- Leweth

Appearing

- Bardic Priest
- Anasûrimbor boy (Bastard of Ganrelka)
- Cet’ingira
- Sranc

Mentioned

- No-God
- Husyelt
- Inri Sejenus
- Anasûrimbor Moënghus
- Anasûrimbor Celmomas II

Appearing

- Kûniüri
- Demua Mountains
- Ishuäl
- Thousand Thousand Halls
- Sobel

Mentioned

- Fields of Eleneöt
- Golgotterath
- Shimeh
- Three Seas
- Atrithau
- Sakarpus
- Galeoth
- Eämnor
- Trysë

Notes

- This chapter also includes two sections using an omniscient point of view.

Prophecy
"Celmomian Prophecy" Celmomian Prophecy is the dying words of Anasûrimbor Celmomas II to Seswatha on the Fields of Eleneöt in 2146 to the effect that an Anasûrimbor would return at “the end of the world.” Given that the prevention of the so-called Second Apocalypse is the Mandate ’s entire reason for existence, it is perhaps no surprise that most Mandate scholars think the Celmomian Prophecy authentic. Few others in the Three Seas credit their claims, however.

Prophet
"Warrior Prophet" The Warrior-Prophet is the second novel in both The Prince of Nothing trilogy and the The Second Apocalypse series. It was published in 2004.

Publisher’s Summary

The Holy War

Free of the Emperor ’s machinations, the Lords of the Holy War fall to squabbling among each other, and the Holy War fractures into its various nationalities as it marches toward the heathen frontier. Contingent by contingent, it gathers beneath Asgilioch on the heathen frontier. But Prince Coithus Saubon , the leader of the Galeoth contingent, is too impatient, and on the prophetic advice of Prince Anasûrimbor Kellhus , he marches with the Tydonni , the Thunyeri , and the Shrial Knights . The Imperial Army under Ikurei Conphas and the Conriyans under Prince Nersei Proyas remain at Asgilioch, awaiting the Ainoni and the all-important Scarlet Spires . Skauras ab Nalajan , the leader of the Kianene host, surprises Saubon and his impetuous peers on the Plains of Mengedda . A desperate battle follows, where, just as Prince Kellhus predicted, the Shrial Knights suffer grievously saving the Holy War from a cadre of Cishaurim . As the day wanes, the rest of the Holy War appears in the hills, and the Fanim host is completely routed. The Governorate of Gedea falls, though the Emperor manages to take her capital, Hinnereth , through trickery. The Men of the Tusk continue south. Broken by their defeat on the Plains of Mengedda, the Kianene fall back to the south bank of the River Sempis , yielding northern Shigek to the Inrithi invaders. Prince Kellhus begins giving regular sermons beneath the famed Ziggurats of Shigek . Many in the Holy War begin referring to him as the “Warrior-Prophet.” With Cnaiür urs Skiötha as their general, the Men of the Tusk cross the Sempis Delta, and a second great battle is fought beneath the Kianene fortress of Anwurat . Despite the dissolution of Cnaiür’s command and the martial cunning of Skauras, the Men of the Tusk prevail once again. The sons of Kian are hacked to ruin. Anxious to press the advantage, the Great Names then lead the Holy War south across the coastal deserts of Khemema , depending on the Imperial Fleet to keep them supplied with fresh water. The Padirajah , however, surprises the fleet at the Bay of Trantis , and the Men of the Tusk find themselves stranded in the burning wastes without water. Thousands upon thousands die. Only Prince Kellhus’s discovery of water beneath the dunes saves the Inrithi from total annihilation. The remnants of the Holy War drift from the desert and descend upon the great mercantile city of Caraskand . After a number of abortive assaults, the Men of the Tusk prepare for a long siege. The winter rains come, and with them, disease. At the height of the plague, hundreds of Inrithi perish every night. Only a Fanim traitor allows the Holy War to breach Caraskand’s mighty fortifications. The Men of the Tusk show no quarter. But even as the city falls, Kascamandri ab Tepherokar , the Padirajah himself, approaches with another great host. Suddenly the besiegers find themselves besieged in a sacked city. Diseases of malnutrition, then outright starvation soon begin afflicting them. Meanwhile, the tensions between traditional Inrithi and those acclaiming Prince Kellhus as a prophet—the Orthodox and the Zaudunyani —grow to the point of riot and violence. Incited by the accusations of Cutias Sarcellus and Ikurei Conphas, the Lords of the Holy War turn against Prince Kellhus. He is denounced, declared a False Prophet, and, in accordance with The Chronicle of the Tusk , seized and bound to the corpse of his wife, Serwë , who is executed by Sarcellus. He is then lashed to an iron ring—a circumfix—and hung from a tree . Thousands gather in solemn vigil. After Cnaiür reveals Sarcellus as a skin-spy , the Men of the Tusk repent, and the Warrior-Prophet is cut down from the Circumfix. Moved by a profound fervour, they assemble outside the gates of Caraskand. The Grandees of Kian charge their grim ranks and are utterly undone. The Padirajah himself falls before the Warrior-Prophet, though his son, Fanayal ab Kascamandri , survives to flee east with the remnants of the heathen army. The road to Holy Shimeh is now open. But far to the north, in the shadow of dread Golgotterath , the Consult rides openly once again, torturing those Men they find with a single, implacable question: “Who are the Dûnyain ?”

Drusas Achamian

Drusas Achamian faces a dilemma, the greatest he’s ever encountered. Using the Cants of Calling , he contacts the Mandate and informs them of his dread discovery beneath the Andiamine Heights , but he says nothing of Anasûrimbor Kellhus, even though the man’s name could very well mean the Celmomian Prophecy —that an Anasûrimbor would return at the end of the world—has been fulfilled. The omission torments him, but the more time he spends teaching Kellhus on the march, the more he finds himself in awe of the man. With strokes of a stick across the ground, Kellhus rewrites classical logic, devises new and more subtle geometries. He regularly anticipates the insights of Eärwa ’s greatest thinkers, even extends them in astonishing ways. And he never forgets anything. Achamian, especially after the debacle with Paro Inrau in Sumna , is under no illusions regarding his School . He knows what they would do with Prince Anasûrimbor Kellhus. So he convinces himself that he needs time to determine whether Kellhus is in fact the Harbinger of the Apocalypse . He decides to betray the Mandate, to risk the very future of humanity, for the sake of a single, remarkable man. While the Holy War awaits the arrival of the last stragglers about Asgilioch, he turns to drink and whores to silence his misgivings, only to find Esmenet among the camp-followers. Their reunion is both ardent and awkward. Afterward, Achamian takes her to his tent as his wife. After a lifetime of fruitless wandering, he finds himself terrified by the prospect of happiness. How can anyone be happy in the shadow of the Apocalypse? As the Holy War marches ever deeper into Fanim territory, he continues teaching Kellhus. During this time, Achamian and Esmenet make a game of interpreting Kellhus, becoming more and more convinced of his divinity. In the course of these ruminations, Achamian confesses his fear that Kellhus may be one of the Few —those who can work sorcery . When Kellhus claims as much shortly after, Achamian insists on proof, using a small, demon-haunted Wathi Doll he obtained in High Ainon. Krijates Xinemus is outraged by the blasphemous demonstration, and Achamian finds himself estranged from his old friend. When the Holy War reaches Shigek, Kellhus finally asks Achamian to teach him the Gnosis —something that would complete his betrayal of the Mandate. Needing solitude, Achamian travels alone to the Sareötic Library , where the sorcerers of the Scarlet Spires ambush and abduct him. The torment drags on for weeks. Heramari Iyokus , the lead interrogator, even captures and blinds Xinemus in an attempt to wring more information from Achamian. The Scarlet Spires, it seems, have learned of the events beneath the Andiamine Heights. They know about Skeaös and the skin-spies, and with the very future of his School at stake, Hanamanu Eleäzaras is desperate to extract as much intelligence as possible. Despite his sorcerous constraints, Achamian is able to call out to his Wathi Doll, which has been buried in the ruins of the Sareötic Library. After a long wait the Doll arrives and breaks the Uroborian Circle that imprisons him. Achamian at last shows the Gnosis to the Scarlet Spires. Though Iyokus escapes his vengeance, he and Xinemus are at last free. After recuperating, the two friends set out to rejoin the Holy War, their relationship now marred by the resentment Xinemus bears for losing his eyes. They find the Men of the Tusk trapped and starving in Caraskand and learn of the Circumfixion of Kellhus and Serwë. Achamian immediately sets out to find Esmenet, relieved beyond words to discover that she survived the desert. He finds her with the Zaudunyani. She tells him that she is pregnant with Kellhus’s child. Achamian goes to the ring-bound Kellhus thinking only of murder. Instead he learns that Consult skin-spies riddle the Holy War. Kellhus, it seems, can see them. He tells Achamian that the Second Apocalypse has in fact begun. Despite his sorrow and hatred, Achamian goes to Proyas arguing that Kellhus must be saved. Proyas agrees to summon the other Great Names, and Achamian presents his case, arguing that the world is doomed without Anasûrimbor Kellhus, only to be made a laughingstock by Ikurei Conphas. He fails to convince the Lords of the Holy War.

Esmenet

Thinking Achamian has repudiated her, Esmenet loses herself in the Holy War and eventually joins a troop of camp prostitutes. But at Asgilioch, she finds Achamian kneeling in the crowds, drunk and beaten. Never has she seen him so desperate. They reconcile, even though she cannot confess the truth of her affair with Sarcellus. He tells her about Skeaös and the events beneath the Andiamine Heights, about his failure to tell the Mandate about Kellhus. She consoles him even as she struggles to grasp the dread import of his words. He insists the Second Apocalypse is coming, and though it seems something too horrific, too abstract, to be real, she finds herself believing him. She joins him in his humble tent, and becomes his wife in spirit if not in ritual. Achamian introduces her to Kellhus, Serwë, Xinemus, and everyone else about their motley yet extraordinary camp fire. At first she regards Kellhus with suspicion, but she soon finds the wonder of the man as irresistible as everyone else. As the Holy War marches across Gedea, she watches as Kellhus grows in prestige and reputation, becoming more and more convinced that he must be the prophet he claims not to be. During the same time her love of Achamian deepens, though she has difficulty trusting it. Then, in Shigek, Kellhus asks Achamian to teach him the Gnosis. Since this would represent a final, ultimate betrayal of the Mandate, Achamian leaves for the Sareötic Library to meditate alone. He and Esmenet exchange hard words. The following night Kellhus awakens her with grim tidings: the Sareötic Library burns, and Achamian is missing. She mourns him the way she once mourned her dead daughter . While the Men of the Tusk assail the South Bank, she remains alone in Achamian’s tent, refusing, despite Xinemus’s entreaties, to rejoin the Holy War. How would Achamian find her if she moved? After the Battle of Anwurat , Kellhus comes to her with Serwë, and with reason and compassion convinces her to join them on the continued march. She finds their company awkward at first, but Kellhus is able to make sense of her melancholy, to give shape to the morass of accumulated sorrow that burdens her heart. He begins teaching her how to read—as a way to distract her, she suspects. As the weeks pass and the Holy War begins its disastrous march across the desert, she starts to resign herself to the fact that Achamian is dead. She also finds herself more and more attracted to Kellhus. Despite her shame, despite her resolutions, the chance intimacies accumulate. His words seem to carve her at the joints, cutting ever closer to truths she cannot bear. She admits her affair with Sarcellus, all her small betrayals of Achamian. Then, at last, overcome by shame and grief, she confesses the truth about her daughter: Mimara didn’t die all those years ago. Esmenet sold the girl to slavers to forestall starvation. She and Kellhus make love the following morning. The long suffering in the desert seems to sanctify their relationship. Everything appears transformed. She even casts away her Whore’s Shell, the contraceptive charm used by most prostitutes, something she never even considered with Achamian. Esmenet becomes the Warrior-Prophet’s second wife. For the first time in her life she feels shriven—pure. Caraskand is besieged and overcome. Serwë gives birth to the infant Anasûrimbor Moënghus II . And Kellhus yields Esmenet more and more power within the growing ranks of Zaudunyani, raising her above even his closest disciples, the Nascenti . She becomes pregnant. Then suddenly everything seems to collapse. The Padirajah traps the Holy War in Caraskand. Misery and riot own the streets. The Great Names execute Serwë and condemn Kellhus to the Circumfix. All seems lost … Until Achamian returns.

Cnaiür urs Skiötha

Cnaiür urs Skiötha ’s torment deepens. Though the Men of the Tusk mean nothing to him, he sees his own undoing in their slow capitulation to Kellhus. He alone knows the truth of the Dûnyain, which means he knows that Kellhus will eventually betray him in the prosecution of his obscure ends. Just as he knows the man will betray the Holy War. As the Holy War marches deeper into Fanim territory, he tries to teach Prince Proyas the rudiments of war as practised by the Kianene. Assigned by Proyas to command a cohort of Conriyan outriders, he returns to the camp he shares with Kellhus, Achamian, and the others of the less and less. He knows that Kellhus now possesses Serwë body and soul, and when he returns, he finds himself punishing her for Kellhus’s outrage. Secretly he loves her, or so he tells himself. In the arid highlands of Gedea, he decides he can tolerate no more. He refuses to share Kellhus’s fire, and demands that Serwë, whom he claims as his prize, come with him. Kellhus denies him. Since concern for women is unmanly, Cnaiür relinquishes her, though she continues to tyrannize his thoughts. His madness burns brighter. Some nights he roams the countryside, raping and murdering indiscriminately. After the Holy War seizes the north bank of the River Sempis, the Lords of the Holy War assign Cnaiür the task of planning the assault on southern Shigek. Impressed by his insight and cunning, they acclaim him their general for the impending battle. Kellhus comes to him, offering Serwë in exchange for the secrets of battle. Cnaiür knows that his knowledge of war is the last advantage he possesses over the Dûnyain, the only thing Kellhus still needs from him, but Serwë has somehow become more important than anything. She is his prize, his proof … Cnaiür agrees. Riven by recriminations, he teaches Kellhus the principles of war. Despite all his efforts, Skauras outwits him on the battlefield; only determination and good fortune save the Holy War from defeat. Something breaks within Cnaiür. At the height of the crisis he leaves Kellhus and the others, abandons his command to collect his prize. But when he finds Serwë, another Kellhus is beating her, demanding information. He surprises the second Kellhus, stabbing him in the shoulder. The man flees, but not before Cnaiür glimpses his face crack open … Cnaiür seizes Serwë, begins dragging her to his camp. She rages at him, tells him that he beats her because she lies with Kellhus the way he had lain with Kellhus’s father. She tries to cut her own throat. Bewildered and undone, Cnaiür wanders aimlessly through the camp. Later that night, as the Men of the Tusk celebrate their victory, Kellhus finds him at the edge of the Meneanor , howling at the breakers. Thinking he is Anasûrimbor Moënghus , Cnaiür begs him to end his misery. The Dûnyain refuses. Throughout the disastrous desert march and the siege of Caraskand, madness rules Cnaiür’s heart. Not until the city falls does he recover some semblance of his former self. Fomenting against Kellhus, the Great Names come to him, hoping to confirm rumours that Kellhus is not a true prince of Atrithau . The estrangement between Cnaiür and Kellhus is no secret. Thinking the Holy War doomed, Cnaiür decides to take what compensation he can. He names Kellhus a “prince of nothing.” Only when Serwë is murdered by Sarcellus does he realize the consequences of his betrayal. “Lie made flesh,” Kellhus calls out to him before he is seized. “The hunt need not end.” Cnaiür flees, and in a moment of resurgent madness cuts a swazond across his own throat. He obsesses over the Dûnyain’s final words. When the Mandate Schoolman confronts the Lords of the Holy War with the severed head of a Consult skin-spy, he finally grasps their meaning. He follows Sarcellus, who hastens from the assembly to the temple-complex where his brother Shrial Knights guard Kellhus upon the Circumfix. Knowing he intends to kill the Dûnyain, Cnaiür intercepts him, and they duel before the starving masses gathered about the dying Warrior-Prophet. But the skin-spy is too fast, too skilled. Cnaiür is saved only when Incheiri Gotian , the Grandmaster of the Shrial Knights, distracts Sarcellus by demanding to know how he learned to fight so. Exhausted, bloodied, Cnaiür beheads the counterfeit Shrial Knight. Raising its severed head to the sky, he shows the Holy War the true face of the Warrior-Prophet’s adversary. The hunt for Moënghus need not end.

Anasûrimbor Kellhus

Anasûrimbor Kellhus requires three things to prepare for his father in Shimeh: knowledge of battle and of sorcery, and possession of the Holy War. From the outset, he uses his claim to caste-nobility to insinuate himself into the councils of Proyas and the other Great Names. He proceeds cautiously, patiently laying the groundwork of his domination. From his readings of Inrithi scripture, he learns what the Men of the Tusk expect from a prophetic figure, so he sets out to emulate—as far as he can—all of those characteristics. He becomes a pilot of souls, crafting others’ impressions of him with subtle inflections of word, tone, and expression. Soon, almost all those who know him find themselves in awe. Throughout the Holy War men whisper that a prophet walks among them. At the same time, he plies Achamian with particular care. While mining him for his knowledge of the Three Seas , Kellhus subtly conditions him, instilling the passions and beliefs that will eventually force him to do the impossible: teach Kellhus the Gnosis, the deadly sorcery of the Ancient North . In the course of his study, however, he discovers dozens of skin-spies mimicking men in various positions of power. He realizes, moreover, that they now know he can see them. One of them, a high-ranking Shrial Knight called Sarcellus, approaches him, probing for details. Kellhus uses the opportunity to make himself even more enigmatic, into a puzzle the Consult will be loath to destroy before solving. As long as he remains a benign mystery to the Consult, Kellhus realizes, they will not move against him. He needs time to consolidate his position. Until the Holy War is his, he cannot risk an open confrontation. He says nothing to Achamian for much the same reason. He knows the Mandate Schoolman believes him to be the Harbinger of the Second Apocalypse, and that the only thing preventing Achamian from telling this to his Mandate handlers is the recent death of his former student, Inrau, as a result of their machinations. Knowing that Kellhus could actually see Consult agents in their midst would prove too much. And as Achamian himself admits, the Mandate would likely seize Kellhus rather than treat with him as an equal. Once the Holy War secures Shigek, Kellhus begins asserting himself more and more, giving what are called the Sermons of the Ziggurat . Though many now refer to him openly as the Warrior-Prophet, he continues to insist he is simply a man like any other. Knowing that Achamian has succumbed—that he believes him to be the world’s only hope—Kellhus finally asks the Schoolman to teach him the Gnosis. But when Achamian leaves for the Sareötic Library to meditate on this request, he is abducted by the Scarlet Spires. Assuming Achamian lost, Kellhus turns to Esmenet, not out of any errant sense of lust, but because her extraordinary native intelligence makes her useful both as a subordinate and as a potential mate. The differences between the Dûnyain and the worldborn makes his bloodline invaluable. He knows that whatever sons he produces, especially by a woman of Esmenet’s intellect, will prove powerful tools. So he begins seducing her by teaching her to read, by showing the hidden truths of her own heart, and by drawing her ever deeper into his circle of power and influence. Far from proving an obstacle, her bereavement actually facilitates his plan by rendering her more emotionally vulnerable and prone to suggestion. By the time the Holy War enters the desert, she has willingly joined him and Serwë in their bed. Despite its calamities, the journey across the desert provides ample opportunity for him to exercise his otherworldly abilities. He rallies the Men of the Tusk with demonstrations of indomitable will and courage. He even saves them, using his preternatural senses to find well-springs beneath the sand. By the time the remnants of the Holy War fall upon Caraskand, thousands upon thousands openly hail him as the Warrior-Prophet. At long last he yields to the title. He names his followers the Zaudunyani, the “Tribe of Truth.” But now he faces an added danger. As the numbers of Zaudunyani swell, so too do the misapprehensions of the Great Names. For many, following the dictates of a living—as opposed to a long-dead—prophet proves too much. Ikurei Conphas becomes the de facto leader of the Orthodox, those Men of the Tusk who repudiate Kellhus and his revisionary Inrithism. Even Proyas finds himself increasingly troubled. The Consult, as well, have been watching Kellhus with growing trepidation. In the confusion of Caraskand’s fall, Sarcellus leads several of his brother skin-spies in an assassination attempt that very nearly costs Kellhus his life. Knowing that it might prove useful, Kellhus saves one of their severed heads. Shortly after this attempt, Kellhus is finally contacted by one of his father’s agents: a Cishaurim fleeing the Scarlet Spires. He tells Kellhus that he follows the Shortest Path, and that soon he will comprehend something called the Thousandfold Thought . Kellhus has innumerable questions, but it is too late: the Scarlet Spires approach. To avoid compromising his position, Kellhus beheads the man. When the Padirajah arrives and seals the Holy War up within Caraskand, the situation becomes even more dire. According to Conphas and the Orthodox, the God punishes the Men of the Tusk for following a False Prophet. To defuse their threat, Kellhus plots the assassination of both Conphas and Sarcellus. Neither attempt succeeds, and General Martemus , Conphas’s closest adviser, is killed. The dilemma now facing Kellhus is almost insuperable. The Holy War starves. The Zaudunyani and the Orthodox stand upon the brink of open war. And the Padirajah continues to assail Caraskand’s walls. For the first time, Kellhus is confronted by circumstances he cannot master. He sees only one possible way to unify the Holy War under his leadership: he must let the Men of the Tusk condemn him and Serwë, and trust that Cnaiür, driven to avenge Serwë, will save him. Only a dramatic reversal and vindication can possibly win over the Orthodox in time. He must make a leap of faith. Serwë is executed, and Kellhus is bound to her naked corpse. Then he is lashed to a circumfix and hung from a great tree to die of exposure. Visions of the No-God plague him, as does Serwë pressed dead against him. Never has he suffered so … For the first time, Anasûrimbor Kellhus weeps. Achamian comes to him wild with rage because of Esmenet. Kellhus tells him about the skin-spies, about his visions of the impending Apocalypse. Then, miraculously, he is cut down, and he knows that at last the Holy War is his, and that they will have the ardour and conviction they need to overcome the Padirajah. Standing before the exultant masses, he grasps the Thousandfold Thought.

Point of View Characters

Each chapter in the book is divided into sections of limited third person point of views of alternating characters. Some chapters include an omniscient third person point of view. The numbers in brackets indicate how many sections the character has in the novel. - Aëngelas (1)
- Anasûrimbor Kellhus (19)
- Aurang (2)
- Cnaiür urs Skiötha (22)
- Coithus Saubon (7)
- Drusas Achamian (36)
- Esmenet (20)
- Fustaras (1)
- Hanamanu Eleäzaras (6)
- Heramari Iyokus (1)
- Houlta (1)
- Ikurei Conphas (8)
- Ikurei Xerius III (2)
- Kascamandri ab Tepherokar (1)
- Krijates Xinemus (2)
- Mamaradda (1)
- Martemus (6)
- Nersei Proyas (6)
- Omniscient (24)
- Orange Tabby Cat (1)
- Serwë (8)
- Skauras ab Nalajan (1)
- Skin-spy (1)
- The-Thing-Called- Sarcellus ( Gaörta ) (4)
- Wathi Doll (1)

The Warrior-Prophet

Series: The Prince of Nothing #2 The Second Apocalypse #2
Author: R. Scott Bakker
Publisher: Penguin (Canada), Overlook (USA), Orbit (UK)
Released: 2004

The Warrior-Prophet

Series: The Prince of Nothing #2 The Second Apocalypse #2
Author: R. Scott Bakker
Publisher: Penguin (Canada), Overlook (USA), Orbit (UK)
Released: 2004

Prophilas
"Harus Prophilas" Harus Prophilas is the commander of Asgilioch .

Harus Prophilas

Title(s): Commander
Lived: 4064 -
Race: Men
Gender: Male
Occupation: Commander of Asgilioch
Books: The Darkness That Comes Before

Harus Prophilas

Title(s): Commander
Lived: 4064 -
Race: Men
Gender: Male
Occupation: Commander of Asgilioch
Books: The Darkness That Comes Before

Protathis
Protathis was a famed near antique poet of Ceneian descent. He is celebrated for many works, including The Goat's Heart , One Hundred Heavens , and the magisterial Aspirations . Protathis is regarded by many as the greatest Ketyai poet.

Protathis

Lived: 2870 - 2922
Race: Men
Ethnicity: Ketyai
Nationality: Ceneian
Gender: Male
Occupation: Poet
Books: Mentioned only

Protathis

Lived: 2870 - 2922
Race: Men
Ethnicity: Ketyai
Nationality: Ceneian
Gender: Male
Occupation: Poet
Books: Mentioned only

Proto-Caro-Shemic
Language group of the ancient pastoralists of the Eastern Carathay Desert . Derived from Shemic . One of the Ketyai languages .

Languages derived from Proto-Caro-Shemic

- Caro-Shemic : Language of the scriptural pastoralists of the Carathay Desert.
- Mamati : Language of scriptural Amoteu .

Proyas
"Nersei Proyas" Nersei Proyas is the Crown Prince of Conriya .

Appearance

As a Conriyan, Proyas has a dark complexion. He is not tall, but has a noble, impressive bearing nonetheless. Female characters call him "the handsome prince".

Personality

Proyas is a man desperate for faith, zealous in his Inrithi beliefs. This puts a strain on the relationship between him and his old mentor and father-figure, Achamian.

What Came Before

Proyas was a student of Drusas Achamian in his youth. The two shared a close bond, and Achamian loved him, but Proyas turned away from Achamian after becoming a devout follower of Inrithism. Xinemus was his swordsmanship tutor.

The Darkness That Comes Before

Proyas is a devoted follower of Maithanet, and he is present beside Maithanet as the Shriah announces the target of the Holy War . He recognizes Achamian when the Mandate sorcerer is crowd-surfed to Maithanet's side. He is outraged by the blasphemy in spite of his former devotion to Achamian. Afterwards, Maithanet brings him to witness the Tusk for the first time. Proyas joins the Holy War as one of its Great Names. leading his contingent of Conriyans. Upon first meeting Ikurei Conphas , the two men develop an instant rivalry and hatred for each other.

The Warrior-Prophet

Proyas marches with the Holy War leading his Conriyans. When Kellhus convinces Coithus Saubon to separate from the rest of the Holy War and take his Galeoth host to attack Gedea , Proyas angrily confronts Kellhus at Xinemus's fire. Onlookers are shocked by Proyas's disrespectful treatment of Kellhus. Before leaving in a huff, Proyas accuses Kellhus of dooming the Holy War.

The Judging Eye

Proyas is King of Conriya and one of the Exalt-Generals of the Great Ordeal.

The Great Ordeal

He is deeply hurt and puzzled when Kellhus confesses he is not a true prophet but is just a mad man. While he is experiencing emotional turmoil from this revelation, Kellhus drugs both their wine with chanv and has brutal sex with Proyas. Later he seeks out Coithus Saubon and in tears confesses the forced sodomy and shares Kellhus's confession. Proyas realizes his buggering may be a test as much for Saubon as for himself. Saubon convinces him that Kellhus is testing them but states they must continue to act even in they lose faith as Kellhus will lead them to victory at Golgotterath . At Dagliash , his heart is battered by the proportion of the slaughter of Sranc . He wonders why he doesn't share in the joy of the others. After the explosion of the mountain, Kellhus comes to Proyas and takes him to a mountain top and explains the great and tragic victory that has polluted the land. Kellhus explains that Saubon is dead and as lone Exalt General Proyas must rally the remaining Ordeal host and go North. He charged him with keeping everyone away from the polluted land and he must cull the sick suffering from seeming radiation poisoning. Kellhus prepares him that he is the only one who can lead and make decisions that no Believer can saying " Something must eaten."

The Unholy Consult

Proyas tries to rein in the savagery of the Ordealmen caused by the Sranc meat, but to no avail. As hunger and madness consumes them on the Field Appalling, Proyas succumbs to the madness and leads them to assault the Scalded, survivors of the horrors of Dagliash. Unimaginable carnage ensues, where the Ordealmen give into their basest instincts and succumb to cannibalism and necrophilia, consuming the Scalded. When Kellhus returns, he finds Proyas in nominal control of the Ordeal, but senses something is wrong. He questions Proyas and finds out their horrific actions, condemning Proyas to death, seemingly for collaborating with the Consult. This, however, seems to have always been the Aspect-Emperor's plan. By making Proyas bear the shame for all the sins committed by the Men of the Ordeal, they would be men reborn, revitalized for the final battle against Golgotterath after their lowest point. Proyas is left to hang, dying slowly as the Ordeal departs. Achamian later finds him and takes him down and they have their final conversation. He is later found by Moënghus , who finally ends his suffering.

Nersei Proyas

Title(s): Crown Prince King Exalt-General
Aliases: Prosha
Lived: 4082 or 4083 - 4132
Race: Men
Ethnicity: Ketyai
Nationality: Conriyan
Gender: Male
Occupation: Crown Prince of Conriya King of Conriya Exalt-General
Relatives: Eukernas II (father) Thaila (mother) Tirummas (brother) Calmemunis (cousin) Sodhoras (cousin) Miramis (wife) Xinemus (son) Thaila (daughter)
Books: The Darkness That Comes Before The Warrior-Prophet The Thousandfold Thought The Judging Eye The White-Luck Warrior The Great Ordeal The Unholy Consult

Nersei Proyas

praam
-a flat
-bottomed boat or lighter,
-- used in holland and the baltic, and sometimes armed in case of war.

practic
-practical.
-artful; deceitful; skillful.

practicability
-the quality or state of being practicable; practicableness; feasibility.

practicable
-that may be practiced or performed; capable of being done or accomplished with available means or resources; feasible; as, a practicable method; a practicable aim; a practicable good.
-capable of being used; passable; as, a practicable weapon; a practicable road.

practical
-of or pertaining to practice or action.
-capable of being turned to use or account; useful, in distinction from ideal or theoretical; as, practical chemistry.
-evincing practice or skill; capable of applying knowledge to some useful end; as, a practical man; a practical mind.
-derived from practice; as, practical skill.

practicality
-the quality or state of being practical; practicalness.

practicalize
-to render practical.

practically
-in a practical way; not theoretically; really; as, to look at things practically; practically worthless.
-by means of practice or use; by experience or experiment; as, practically wise or skillful; practically acquainted with a subject.
-in practice or use; as, a medicine practically safe; theoretically wrong, but practically right.
-almost.

practicalness
-same as practicality.

practice
-frequently repeated or customary action; habitual performance; a succession of acts of a similar kind; usage; habit; custom; as, the practice of rising early; the practice of making regular entries of accounts; the practice of daily exercise.
-customary or constant use; state of being used.
-skill or dexterity acquired by use; expertness.
-actual performance; application of knowledge;
-- opposed to theory.
-systematic exercise for instruction or discipline; as, the troops are called out for practice; she neglected practice in music.
-application of science to the wants of men; the exercise of any profession; professional business; as, the practice of medicine or law; a large or lucrative practice.
-skillful or artful management; dexterity in contrivance or the use of means; art; stratagem; artifice; plot;
-- usually in a bad sense.
-a easy and concise method of applying the rules of arithmetic to questions which occur in trade and business.
-the form, manner, and order of conducting and carrying on suits and prosecutions through their various stages, according to the principles of law and the rules laid down by the courts.
-to do or perform frequently, customarily, or habitually; to make a practice of; as, to practice gaming.
-to exercise, or follow, as a profession, trade, art, etc., as, to practice law or medicine.
-to exercise one's self in, for instruction or improvement, or to acquire discipline or dexterity; as, to practice gunnery; to practice music.
-to put into practice; to carry out; to act upon; to commit; to execute; to do.
-to make use of; to employ.
-to teach or accustom by practice; to train.
-to perform certain acts frequently or customarily, either for instruction, profit, or amusement; as, to practice with the broadsword or with the rifle; to practice on the piano.
-to learn by practice; to form a habit.
-to try artifices or stratagems.
-to apply theoretical science or knowledge, esp. by way of experiment; to exercise or pursue an employment or profession, esp. that of medicine or of law.

practiced
-of practice
-experienced; expert; skilled; as, a practiced marksman.
-used habitually; learned by practice.

practicer
-one who practices, or puts in practice; one who customarily performs certain acts.
-one who exercises a profession; a practitioner.
-one who uses art or stratagem.

practician
-one who is acquainted with, or skilled in, anything by practice; a practitioner.

practicing
-of practice

practick
-practice.

practisant
-an agent or confederate in treachery.

practise
-see practice.

practisour
-a practitioner.

practitioner
-one who is engaged in the actual use or exercise of any art or profession, particularly that of law or medicine.
-one who does anything customarily or habitually.
-a sly or artful person.

practive
-doing; active.

prad
-a horse.

prae
-
-a prefix. see pre
-.

praecava
-the superior vena cava.

praecipe
-a writ commanding something to be done, or requiring a reason for neglecting it.
-a paper containing the particulars of a writ, lodged in the office out of which the writ is to be issued.

praecoces
-a division of birds including those whose young are able to run about when first hatched.

praecocial
-of or pertaining to the praecoces.

praecognita
-this previously known, or which should be known in order to understand something else.

praecommissure
-a transverse commissure in the anterior part of the third ventricle of the brain; the anterior cerebral commissure.

praecoracoid
-see precoracoid.

praecordia
-the front part of the thoracic region; the epigastrium.

praecordial
-same as precordial.

praecornu
-the anterior horn of each lateral ventricle of the brain.

praecornua
-of praecornu

praedial
-see predial.

praefloration
-same as prefloration.

praefoliation
-same as prefoliation.

praemaxilla
-see premaxilla.

praemnire
-the subject to the penalties of praemunire.

praemolar
-see premolar.

praemorse
-same as premorse.

praemunire
-the offense of introducing foreign authority into england, the penalties for which were originally intended to depress the civil power of the pope in the kingdom.
-the writ grounded on that offense.
-the penalty ascribed for the offense of praemunire.

praemunitory
-see premunitory.

praenares
-the anterior nares. see nares.

praenasal
-same as prenasal.

praenomen
-the first name of a person, by which individuals of the same family were distinguished, answering to our christian name, as caius, lucius, marcus, etc.

praenomina
-of praenomen

praenominical
-of or pertaining to a praenomen.

praeoperculum
-same as preoperculum.

praesternum
-same as preoral, prepubis, prescapula, etc.

praeter
-
-a prefix. see preter
-.

praeterist
-see preterist.

praetermit
-see pretermit.

praetexta
-a white robe with a purple border, worn by a roman boy before he was entitled to wear the toga virilis, or until about the completion of his fourteenth year, and by girls until their marriage. it was also worn by magistrates and priests.

praetextae
-of praetexta

praetextas
-of praetexta

praetor
-see pretor.

praetores
-a division of butterflies including the satyrs.

praetorian
-see pretorian.

praetorium
-see pretorium.

praezygapophysis
-same as prezygapophysis.

pragmatic
-alt. of pragmatical
-one skilled in affairs.
-a solemn public ordinance or decree.

pragmatical
-of or pertaining to business or to affairs; of the nature of business; practical; material; businesslike in habit or manner.
-busy; specifically, busy in an objectionable way; officious; fussy and positive; meddlesome.
-philosophical; dealing with causes, reasons, and effects, rather than with details and circumstances;
-- said of literature.

pragmatically
-in a pragmatical manner.

pragmaticalness
-the quality or state of being pragmatical.

pragmatism
-the quality or state of being pragmatic; in literature, the pragmatic, or philosophical, method.

pragmatist
-one who is pragmatic.

pragmatize
-to consider, represent, or embody (something unreal) as fact; to materialize.

prairial
-the ninth month of the french republican calendar, which dated from september 22, 1792. it began may, 20, and ended june 18. see vendemiaire.

prairie
-an extensive tract of level or rolling land, destitute of trees, covered with coarse grass, and usually characterized by a deep, fertile soil. they abound throughout the mississippi valley, between the alleghanies and the rocky mountains.
-a meadow or tract of grass; especially, a so called natural meadow.

praisable
-fit to be praised; praise
-worthy; laudable; commendable.

praisably
-in a praisable manner.

praise
-to commend; to applaud; to express approbation of; to laud;
-- applied to a person or his acts.
-to extol in words or song; to magnify; to glorify on account of perfections or excellent works; to do honor to; to display the excellence of;
-- applied especially to the divine being.
-to value; to appraise.
-commendation for worth; approval expressed; honor rendered because of excellence or worth; laudation; approbation.
-especially, the joyful tribute of gratitude or homage rendered to the divine being; the act of glorifying or extolling the creator; worship, particularly worship by song, distinction from prayer and other acts of worship; as, a service of praise.
-the object, ground, or reason of praise.

praise
-meeting
-a religious service mainly in song.

praised
-of praise

praiseer
-one who praises.
-an appraiser; a valuator.

praiseful
-praiseworthy.
-praiseworthy.

praiseless
-without praise or approbation.

praisement
-appraisement.

praiseworthily
-in a praiseworthy manner.

praiseworthiness
-the quality or state of being praiseworthy.

praiseworthy
-worthy of praise or applause; commendable; as, praiseworthy action; he was praiseworthy.

praising
-of praise

prakrit
-any one of the popular dialects descended from, or akin to, sanskrit;
-- in distinction from the sanskrit, which was used as a literary and learned language when no longer spoken by the people. pali is one of the prakrit dialects.

prakritic
-pertaining to prakrit.

pram
-alt. of prame

prame
-see praam.

prance
-to spring or bound, as a horse in high mettle.
-to ride on a prancing horse; to ride in an ostentatious manner.
-to walk or strut about in a pompous, showy manner, or with warlike parade.

pranced
-of prance

prancer
-a horse which prances.

prancing
-of prance

prandial
-of or pertaining to a repast, especially to dinner.

prangos
-a genus of umbelliferous plants, one species of which (p. pabularia), found in thibet, cashmere, afghanistan, etc., has been used as fodder for cattle. it has decompound leaves with very long narrow divisions, and a highly fragrant smell resembling that of new clover hay.

prank
-to adorn in a showy manner; to dress or equip ostentatiously;
-- often followed by up; as, to prank up the body. see prink.
-to make ostentatious show.
-a gay or sportive action; a ludicrous, merry, or mischievous trick; a caper; a frolic.
-full of gambols or tricks.

pranked
-of prank

pranker
-one who dresses showily; a prinker.

pranking
-of prank

prankish
-full of pranks; frolicsome.

prase
-a variety of cryptocrystalline of a leek
-green color.

praseo
-
-a combining form signifying green; as, praseocobalt, a green variety of cobalt.

praseodymium
-an elementary substance, one of the constituents of didymium;
-- so called from the green color of its salts. symbol ps. atomic weight 143.6.

praseolite
-a variety of altered iolite of a green color and greasy luster.

prasinous
-grass
-green; clear, lively green, without any mixture.

prasoid
-resembling prase.

prate
-to talk much and to little purpose; to be loquacious; to speak foolishly; to babble.
-to utter foolishly; to speak without reason or purpose; to chatter, or babble.
-talk to little purpose; trifling talk; unmeaning loquacity.

prated
-of prate

prateful
-talkative.

prater
-one who prates.

pratic
-see pratique.

pratincole
-any bird of the old world genus glareola, or family glareolidae, allied to the plovers. they have long, pointed wings and a forked tail.

prating
-of prate

pratingly
-with idle talk; with loquacity.

pratique
-primarily, liberty of converse; intercourse; hence, a certificate, given after compliance with quarantine regulations, permitting a ship to land passengers and crew;
-- a term used particularly in the south of europe.
-practice; habits.

prattle
-to talk much and idly; to prate; hence, to talk lightly and artlessly, like a child; to utter child's talk.
-to utter as prattle; to babble; as, to prattle treason.
-trifling or childish tattle; empty talk; loquacity on trivial subjects; prate; babble.

prattled
-of prattle

prattlement
-prattle.

prattler
-one who prattles.

prattling
-of prattle

pravity
-deterioration; degeneracy; corruption; especially, moral crookedness; moral perversion; perverseness; depravity; as, the pravity of human nature.

prawn
-any one of numerous species of large shrimplike crustacea having slender legs and long antennae. they mostly belong to the genera pandalus, palaemon, palaemonetes, and peneus, and are much used as food. the common english prawn is palaemon serratus.

praxinoscope
-an instrument, similar to the phenakistoscope, for presenting to view, or projecting upon a screen, images the natural motions of real objects.

praxis
-use; practice; especially, exercise or discipline for a specific purpose or object.
-an example or form of exercise, or a collection of such examples, for practice.

pray
-see pry.
-to make request with earnestness or zeal, as for something desired; to make entreaty or supplication; to offer prayer to a deity or divine being as a religious act; specifically, to address the supreme being with adoration, confession, supplication, and thanksgiving.
-to address earnest request to; to supplicate; to entreat; to implore; to beseech.
-to ask earnestly for; to seek to obtain by supplication; to entreat for.
-to effect or accomplish by praying; as, to pray a soul out of purgatory.

prayed
-of pray

prayer
-one who prays; a supplicant.
-the act of praying, or of asking a favor; earnest request or entreaty; hence, a petition or memorial addressed to a court or a legislative body.
-the act of addressing supplication to a divinity, especially to the true god; the offering of adoration, confession, supplication, and thanksgiving to the supreme being; as, public prayer; secret prayer.
-the form of words used in praying; a formula of supplication; an expressed petition; especially, a supplication addressed to god; as, a written or extemporaneous prayer; to repeat one's prayers.

prayerful
-given to prayer; praying much or often; devotional.

prayerless
-not using prayer; habitually neglecting prayer to god; without prayer.

praying
-of pray
-a. & n. from pray, v.

prayingly
-with supplication to god.

pre
-
-a prefix denoting priority (of time, place, or rank); as, precede, to go before; precursor, a forerunner; prefix, to fix or place before; preeminent eminent before or above others. pre
- is sometimes used intensively, as in prepotent, very potent.

preaccusation
-previous accusation.

preace
-press.

preach
-to proclaim or publish tidings; specifically, to proclaim the gospel; to discourse publicly on a religious subject, or from a text of scripture; to deliver a sermon.
-to give serious advice on morals or religion; to discourse in the manner of a preacher.
-to proclaim by public discourse; to utter in a sermon or a formal religious harangue.
-to inculcate in public discourse; to urge with earnestness by public teaching.
-to deliver or pronounce; as, to preach a sermon.
-to teach or instruct by preaching; to inform by preaching.
-to advise or recommend earnestly.
-a religious discourse.

preached
-of preach

preacher
-one who preaches; one who discourses publicly on religious subjects.
-one who inculcates anything with earnestness.

preachership
-the office of a preacher.

preachify
-to discourse in the manner of a preacher.

preaching
-of preach
-the act of delivering a religious discourse; the art of sermonizing; also, a sermon; a public religious discourse; serious, earnest advice.

preachman
-a preacher;
-- so called in contempt.

preachmen
-of preachman

preachment
-a religious harangue; a sermon;
-- used derogatively.

preacquaint
-to acquaint previously or beforehand.

preacquaintance
-previous acquaintance or knowledge.

preact
-to act beforehand; to perform previously.

preaction
-previous action.

preadamic
-prior to adam.

preadamite
-an inhabitant of the earth before adam.
-one who holds that men existed before adam.

preadamitic
-existing or occurring before adam; preadamic; as, preadamitic periods.

preadjustment
-previous adjustment.

preadministration
-previous administration.

preadmonish
-to admonish previously.

preadmonition
-previous warning or admonition; forewarning.

preadvertise
-to advertise beforehand; to preannounce publicly.

preamble
-a introductory portion; an introduction or preface, as to a book, document, etc.; specifically, the introductory part of a statute, which states the reasons and intent of the law.
-to make a preamble to; to preface; to serve as a preamble.

preambulary
-of or pertaining to a preamble; introductory; contained or provided for in a preamble.

preambulate
-to walk before.

preambulation
-a walking or going before; precedence.
-a preamble.

preambulatory
-preceding; going before; introductory.

preambulous
-see perambulatory.

preannounce
-to announce beforehand.

preantenultimate
-being or indicating the fourth syllable from the end of a word, or that before the antepenult.

preaortic
-in front, or on the ventral side, of the aorta.

preappoint
-to appoint previously, or beforehand.

preappointment
-previous appointment.

preapprehension
-an apprehension or opinion formed before examination or knowledge.

prearm
-to forearm.

prearrange
-to arrange beforehand.

prease
-to press; to crowd.
-a press; a crowd.

preassurance
-previous assurance.

preataxic
-occurring before the symptom ataxia has developed;
-- applied to the early symptoms of locomotor ataxia.

preative
-alt. of preatory

preatory
-suppliant; beseeching.

preaudience
-precedence of rank at the bar among lawyers.

preaxial
-situated in front of any transverse axis in the body of an animal; anterior; cephalic; esp., in front, or on the anterior, or cephalic (that is, radial or tibial) side of the axis of a limb.

prebend
-a payment or stipend; esp., the stipend or maintenance granted to a prebendary out of the estate of a cathedral or collegiate church with which he is connected. see note under benefice.
-a prebendary.

prebendal
-of or pertaining to a prebend; holding a prebend; as, a prebendal priest or stall.

prebendary
-a clergyman attached to a collegiate or cathedral church who enjoys a prebend in consideration of his officiating at stated times in the church. see note under benefice, n., 3.
-a prebendaryship.

prebendaryship
-the office of a prebendary.

prebendate
-to invest with the office of prebendary; to present to a prebend.

prebendship
-a prebendaryship.

prebronchial
-situated in front of the bronchus;
-- applied especially to an air sac on either side of the esophagus of birds.

precalculate
-to calculate or determine beforehand; to prearrange.

precant
-one who prays.

precarious
-depending on the will or pleasure of another; held by courtesy; liable to be changed or lost at the pleasure of another; as, precarious privileges.
-held by a doubtful tenure; depending on unknown causes or events; exposed to constant risk; not to be depended on for certainty or stability; uncertain; as, a precarious state of health; precarious fortunes.

precation
-the act of praying; supplication; entreaty.

precaution
-previous caution or care; caution previously employed to prevent mischief or secure good; as, his life was saved by precaution.
-a measure taken beforehand to ward off evil or secure good or success; a precautionary act; as, to take precautions against accident.
-to warn or caution beforehand.
-to take precaution against.

precautional
-precautionary.

precautionary
-of or pertaining to precaution, or precautions; as, precautionary signals.

precautious
-taking or using precaution; precautionary.

precedaneous
-preceding; antecedent; previous.

precede
-to go before in order of time; to occur first with relation to anything.
-to go before in place, rank, or importance.
-to cause to be preceded; to preface; to introduce;
-- used with by or with before the instrumental object.

preceded
-of precede

precedence
-alt. of precedency

precedency
-the act or state of preceding or going before in order of time; priority; as, one event has precedence of another.
-the act or state of going or being before in rank or dignity, or the place of honor; right to a more honorable place; superior rank; as, barons have precedence of commoners.

precedent
-going before; anterior; preceding; antecedent; as, precedent services.
-something done or said that may serve as an example to authorize a subsequent act of the same kind; an authoritative example.
-a preceding circumstance or condition; an antecedent; hence, a prognostic; a token; a sign.
-a rough draught of a writing which precedes a finished copy.
-a judicial decision which serves as a rule for future determinations in similar or analogous cases; an authority to be followed in courts of justice; forms of proceeding to be followed in similar cases.

precedented
-having a precedent; authorized or sanctioned by an example of a like kind.

precedential
-of the nature of a precedent; having force as an example for imitation; as, precedential transactions.

precedently
-beforehand; antecedently.

preceding
-of precede
-going before;
-- opposed to following.
-in the direction toward which stars appear to move. see following, 2.

precel
-to surpass; to excel; to exceed.

precellence
-alt. of precellency

precellency
-excellence; superiority.

precellent
-excellent; surpassing.

precent
-any commandment, instruction, or order intended as an authoritative rule of action; esp., a command respecting moral conduct; an injunction; a rule.
-a command in writing; a species of writ or process.

precentor
-a leader of a choir; a directing singer.
-the leader of the choir in a cathedral;
-- called also the chanter or master of the choir.
-the leader of the congregational singing in scottish and other churches.

precentorship
-the office of a precentor.

precept
-to teach by precepts.

preceptial
-preceptive.

preception
-a precept.

preceptive
-containing or giving precepts; of the nature of precepts; didactic; as, the preceptive parts of the scriptures.

preceptor
-one who gives commands, or makes rules; specifically, the master or principal of a school; a teacher; an instructor.
-the head of a preceptory among the knights templars.

preceptorial
-of or pertaining to a preceptor.

preceptories
-of preceptory

preceptory
-preceptive.
-a religious house of the knights templars, subordinate to the temple or principal house of the order in london. see commandery, n., 2.

preceptress
-a woman who is the principal of a school; a female teacher.

precession
-the act of going before, or forward.

precessional
-of or pertaining to pression; as, the precessional movement of the equinoxes.

precessor
-a predecessor.

precinct
-the limit or exterior line encompassing a place; a boundary; a confine; limit of jurisdiction or authority;
-- often in the plural; as, the precincts of a state.
-a district within certain boundaries; a minor territorial or jurisdictional division; as, an election precinct; a school precinct.
-a parish or prescribed territory attached to a church, and taxed for its support.

preciosity
-preciousness; something precious.

precious
-of great price; costly; as, a precious stone.
-of great value or worth; very valuable; highly esteemed; dear; beloved; as, precious recollections.
-particular; fastidious; overnice.

preciously
-in a precious manner; expensively; extremely; dearly. also used ironically.

preciousness
-the quality or state of being precious; costliness; dearness.

precipe
-see praecipe, and precept.

precipice
-a sudden or headlong fall.
-a headlong steep; a very steep, perpendicular, or overhanging place; an abrupt declivity; a cliff.

precipient
-commanding; directing.

precipitability
-the quality or state of being precipitable.

precipitable
-capable of being precipitated, or cast to the bottom, as a substance in solution. see precipitate, n. (chem.)

precipitance
-alt. of precipitancy

precipitancy
-the quality or state of being precipitant, or precipitate; headlong hurry; excessive or rash haste in resolving, forming an opinion, or executing a purpose; precipitation; as, the precipitancy of youth.

precipitant
-falling or rushing headlong; rushing swiftly, violently, or recklessly; moving precipitately.
-unexpectedly or foolishly brought on or hastened; rashly hurried; hasty; sudden; reckless.
-any force or reagent which causes the formation of a precipitate.

precipitantly
-with rash or foolish haste; in headlong manner.

precipitantness
-the quality or state of being precipitant; precipitation.

precipitate
-overhasty; rash; as, the king was too precipitate in declaring war.
-lacking due deliberation or care; hurried; said or done before the time; as, a precipitate measure.
-falling, flowing, or rushing, with steep descent; headlong.
-ending quickly in death; brief and fatal; as, a precipitate case of disease.
-an insoluble substance separated from a solution in a concrete state by the action of some reagent added to the solution, or of some force, such as heat or cold. the precipitate may fall to the bottom (whence the name), may be diffused through the solution, or may float at or near the surface.
-to throw headlong; to cast down from a precipice or height.
-to urge or press on with eager haste or violence; to cause to happen, or come to a crisis, suddenly or too soon; as, precipitate a journey, or a conflict.
-to separate from a solution, or other medium, in the form of a precipitate; as, water precipitates camphor when in solution with alcohol.
-to dash or fall headlong.
-to hasten without preparation.
-to separate from a solution as a precipitate. see precipitate, n.

precipitated
-of precipitate

precipitately
-in a precipitate manner; headlong; hastily; rashly.

precipitating
-of precipitate

precipitation
-the act of precipitating, or the state of being precipitated, or thrown headlong.
-a falling, flowing, or rushing downward with violence and rapidity.
-great hurry; rash, tumultuous haste; impetuosity.
-the act or process of precipitating from a solution.

precipitator
-one who precipitates, or urges on with vehemence or rashness.

precipitious
-precipitous.

precipitous
-steep, like a precipice; as, a precipitous cliff or mountain.
-headlong; as, precipitous fall.
-hasty; rash; quick; sudden; precipitate; as, precipitous attempts.

precis
-a concise or abridged statement or view; an abstract; a summary.

precise
-having determinate limitations; exactly or sharply defined or stated; definite; exact; nice; not vague or equivocal; as, precise rules of morality.
-strictly adhering or conforming to rule; very nice or exact; punctilious in conduct or ceremony; formal; ceremonious.

precisian
-one who limits, or restrains.
-an overprecise person; one rigidly or ceremoniously exact in the observance of rules; a formalist;
-- formerly applied to the english puritans.

precisianism
-the quality or state of being a precisian; the practice of a precisian.

precisianist
-a precisian.

precision
-the quality or state of being precise; exact limitation; exactness; accuracy; strict conformity to a rule or a standard; definiteness.

precisive
-cutting off; (logic) exactly limiting by cutting off all that is not absolutely relative to the purpose; as, precisive censure; precisive abstraction.

preclude
-to put a barrier before; hence, to shut out; to hinder; to stop; to impede.
-to shut out by anticipative action; to prevent or hinder by necessary consequence or implication; to deter action of, access to, employment of, etc.; to render ineffectual; to obviate by anticipation.

precluded
-of preclude

precluding
-of preclude

preclusion
-the act of precluding, or the state of being precluded; a shutting out.

preclusive
-shutting out; precluding, or tending to preclude; hindering.

precoce
-precocious.

precoces
-same as praecoces.

precocious
-ripe or mature before the proper or natural time; early or prematurely ripe or developed; as, precocious trees.
-developed more than is natural or usual at a given age; exceeding what is to be expected of one's years; too forward;
-- used especially of mental forwardness; as, a precocious child; precocious talents.

precociously
-in a precocious manner.

precociousness
-alt. of precocity

precocity
-the quality or state of being precocious; untimely ripeness; premature development, especially of the mental powers; forwardness.

precoetanean
-one contemporary with, but older than, another.

precogita/tion
-previous cogitation.

precogitate
-to cogitate beforehand.

precognition
-previous cognition.
-a preliminary examination of a criminal case with reference to a prosecution.

precognizable
-cognizable beforehand.

precognosce
-to examine beforehand, as witnesses or evidence.

precollection
-a collection previously made.

precompose
-to compose beforehand.

precomposed
-of precompose

precomposing
-of precompose

preconceit
-an opinion or notion formed beforehand; a preconception.

preconceive
-to conceive, or form an opinion of, beforehand; to form a previous notion or idea of.

preconceived
-of preconceive

preconceiving
-of preconceive

preconception
-the act of preconceiving; conception or opinion previously formed.

preconcert
-to concert or arrange beforehand; to settle by previous agreement.
-something concerted or arranged beforehand; a previous agreement.

preconcerted
-of preconcert
-previously arranged; agreed upon beforehand.

preconcerting
-of preconcert

preconcertion
-the act of preconcerting; preconcert.

precondemn
-to condemn beforehand.

precondition
-a previous or antecedent condition; a preliminary condition.

preconform
-to conform by way anticipation.

preconformity
-anticipative or antecedent conformity.

preconizate
-to proclaim; to publish; also, to summon; to call.

preconization
-a publishing by proclamation; a public proclamation.
-a formal approbation by the pope of a person nominated to an ecclesiastical dignity.

preconize
-to approve by preconization.

preconquer
-to conquer in anticipation.

preconscious
-of or pertaining to a state before consciousness.

preconsent
-a previous consent.

preconsign
-to consign beforehand; to make a previous consignment of.

preconsigned
-of preconsign

preconsigning
-of preconsign

preconsolidated
-consolidated beforehand.

preconstitute
-to constitute or establish beforehand.

precontract
-to contract, engage, or stipulate previously.
-to make a previous contract or agreement.
-a contract preceding another
-a contract of marriage which, according to the ancient law, rendered void a subsequent marriage solemnized in violation of it.

precontracted
-of precontract

precontracting
-of precontract

precontrive
-to contrive or plan beforehand.

precoracoid
-the anterior part of the coracoid (often closely united with the clavicle) in the shoulder girdle of many reptiles and amphibians.

precordial
-situated in front of the heart; of or pertaining to the praecordia.

precrural
-situated in front of the leg or thigh; as, the precrural glands of the horse.

precurrer
-a precursor.

precurse
-a forerunning.

precursive
-preceding; introductory; precursory.

precursor
-one who, or that which, precedes an event, and indicates its approach; a forerunner; a harbinger.

precursorship
-the position or condition of a precursor.

precursory
-preceding as a precursor or harbinger; indicating something to follow; as, precursory symptoms of a fever.
-an introduction.

predacean
-a carnivorous animal.

predaceous
-living by prey; predatory.

predal
-of or pertaining to prey; plundering; predatory.

predate
-to date anticipation; to affix to (a document) an earlier than the actual date; to antedate; as, a predated deed or letter.

predation
-the act of pillaging.

predatorily
-in a predatory manner.

predatory
-characterized by plundering; practicing rapine; plundering; pillaging; as, a predatory excursion; a predatory party.
-hungry; ravenous; as, predatory spirits.
-living by preying upon other animals; carnivorous.

prede
-to prey; to plunder.
-prey; plunder; booty.

predecay
-premature decay.

predecease
-to die sooner than.
-the death of one person or thing before another.

predecessive
-going before; preceding.

predecessor
-one who precedes; one who has preceded another in any state, position, office, etc.; one whom another follows or comes after, in any office or position.

predeclare
-to declare or announce beforehand; to preannounce.

prededication
-a dedication made previously or beforehand.

predefine
-to define beforehand.

predeliberation
-previous deliberation.

predelineation
-previous delineation.

predella
-the step, or raised secondary part, of an altar; a superaltar; hence, in italian painting, a band or frieze of several pictures running along the front of a superaltar, or forming a border or frame at the foot of an altarpiece.

predermining
-of predetermine

predesign
-to design or purpose beforehand; to predetermine.

predesignate
-a term used by sir william hamilton to define propositions having their quantity indicated by a verbal sign; as, all, none, etc.;
-- contrasted with preindesignate, defining propositions of which the quantity is not so indicated.

predestinarian
-of or pertaining to predestination; as, the predestinarian controversy.
-one who believes in or supports the doctrine of predestination.

predestinarianism
-the system or doctrine of the predestinarians.

predestinary
-predestinarian.

predestinate
-predestinated; foreordained; fated.
-to predetermine or foreordain; to appoint or ordain beforehand by an unchangeable purpose or decree; to preelect.

predestinated
-of predestinate

predestinating
-of predestinate

predestination
-the act of predestinating.
-the purpose of good from eternity respecting all events; especially, the preordination of men to everlasting happiness or misery. see calvinism.

predestinative
-determining beforehand; predestinating.

predestinator
-one who predestinates, or foreordains.
-one who holds to the doctrine of predestination; a predestinarian.

predestine
-to decree beforehand; to foreordain; to predestinate.

predestined
-of predestine

predestining
-of predestine

predestiny
-predestination.

predeterminable
-capable of being determined beforehand.

predeterminate
-determined beforehand; as, the predeterminate counsel of god.

predetermination
-the act of previous determination; a purpose formed beforehand; as, the predetermination of god's will.

predetermine
-to determine (something) beforehand.
-to doom by previous decree; to foredoom.
-to determine beforehand.

predetermined
-of predetermine

predial
-consisting of land or farms; landed; as, predial estate; that is, real estate.
-attached to land or farms; as, predial slaves.
-issuing or derived from land; as, predial tithes.

prediastolic
-preceding the diastole of the heart; as, a prediastolic friction sound.

predicability
-the quality or state of being predicable, or affirmable of something, or attributed to something.

predicable
-capable of being predicated or affirmed of something; affirmable; attributable.
-anything affirmable of another; especially, a general attribute or notion as affirmable of, or applicable to, many individuals.
-one of the five most general relations of attributes involved in logical arrangements, namely, genus, species, difference, property, and accident.

predicament
-a class or kind described by any definite marks; hence, condition; particular situation or state; especially, an unfortunate or trying position or condition.
-see category.

predicamental
-of or pertaining to a predicament.

predicant
-predicating; affirming; declaring; proclaiming; hence; preaching.
-one who predicates, affirms, or proclaims; specifically, a preaching friar; a dominican.

predicate
-to assert to belong to something; to affirm (one thing of another); as, to predicate whiteness of snow.
-to found; to base.
-to affirm something of another thing; to make an affirmation.
-that which is affirmed or denied of the subject. in these propositions, "paper is white," "ink is not white," whiteness is the predicate affirmed of paper and denied of ink.
-the word or words in a proposition which express what is affirmed of the subject.
-predicated.

predicated
-of predicate

predicating
-of predicate

predication
-the act of predicating, or of affirming one thing of another; affirmation; assertion.
-preaching.

predicative
-expressing affirmation or predication; affirming; predicating, as, a predicative term.

predicatory
-affirmative; positive.

predicrotic
-a term applied to the pulse wave sometimes seen in a pulse curve or sphygmogram, between the apex of the curve and the dicrotic wave.

predict
-to tell or declare beforehand; to foretell; to prophesy; to presage; as, to predict misfortune; to predict the return of a comet.
-a prediction.

predictable
-that may be predicted.

predicted
-of predict

predicting
-of predict

prediction
-the act of foretelling; also, that which is foretold; prophecy.

predictional
-prophetic; prognostic.

predictive
-foretelling; prophetic; foreboding.

predictor
-one who predicts; a foreteller.

predictory
-predictive.

predigest
-to subject (food) to predigestion or artificial digestion.

predigestion
-digestion too soon performed; hasty digestion.
-artificial digestion of food for use in illness or impaired digestion.

predilect
-to elect or choose beforehand.

predilection
-a previous liking; a prepossession of mind in favor of something; predisposition to choose or like; partiality.

prediscover
-to discover beforehand.

prediscovery
-a previous discovery.

predisponency
-the state of being predisposed; predisposition.

predisponent
-disposing beforehand; predisposing.
-that which predisposes.

predispose
-to dispose or incline beforehand; to give a predisposition or bias to; as, to predispose the mind to friendship.
-to make fit or susceptible beforehand; to give a tendency to; as, debility predisposes the body to disease.

predisposed
-of predispose

predisposing
-of predispose

predisposition
-the act of predisposing, or the state of being predisposed; previous inclination, tendency, or propensity; predilection;
-- applied to the mind; as, a predisposition to anger.
-previous fitness or adaptation to any change, impression, or purpose; susceptibility;
-- applied to material things; as, the predisposition of the body to disease.

predominance
-the quality or state of being predominant; superiority; ascendency; prevalence; predomination.
-the superior influence of a planet.

predominancy
-predominance.

predominant
-having the ascendency over others; superior in strength, influence, or authority; prevailing; as, a predominant color; predominant excellence.

predominantly
-in a predominant manner.

predominate
-to be superior in number, strength, influence, or authority; to have controlling power or influence; to prevail; to rule; to have the mastery; as, love predominated in her heart.
-to rule over; to overpower.

predominated
-of predominate

predominating
-of predominate

predomination
-the act or state of predominating; ascendency; predominance.

predoom
-to foredoom.

predorsal
-situated in front of the back; immediately in front, or on the ventral side the dorsal part of the vertebral column.

predy
-cleared and ready for engagement, as a ship.

preedy
-with ease.

preef
-proof.

preelect
-to elect beforehand.

preelection
-election beforehand.

preeminence
-the quality or state of being preeminent; superiority in prominence or in excellence; distinction above others in quality, rank, etc.; rarely, in a bad sense, superiority or notoriety in evil; as, preeminence in honor.

preeminent
-eminent above others; prominent among those who are eminent; superior in excellence; surpassing, or taking precedence of, others; rarely, surpassing others in evil, or in bad qualities; as, preeminent in guilt.

preeminently
-in a preeminent degree.

preemploy
-to employ beforehand.

preempt
-to settle upon (public land) with a right of preemption, as under the laws of the united states; to take by preemption.

preempted
-of preempt

preempting
-of preempt

preemption
-the act or right of purchasing before others.
-the privilege or prerogative formerly enjoyed by the king of buying provisions for his household in preference to others.
-the right of an actual settler upon public lands (particularly those of the united states) to purchase a certain portion at a fixed price in preference to all other applicants.

preemptioner
-one who holds a prior to purchase certain public land.

preemptive
-of or pertaining to preemption; having power to preempt; preempting.

preemptory
-pertaining to preemption.

preemtor
-one who preempts; esp., one who preempts public land.

preen
-a forked tool used by clothiers in dressing cloth.
-to dress with, or as with, a preen; to trim or dress with the beak, as the feathers;
-- said of birds.
-to trim up, as trees.

preened
-of preen

preengage
-to engage by previous contract; to bind or attach previously; to preoccupy.

preengaged
-of preengage

preengagement
-prior engagement, obligation, or attachment, as by contract, promise, or affection.

preengaging
-of preengage

preening
-of preen

preerect
-to erect beforehand.

prees
-press; throng.

preestablish
-to establish beforehand.

preestablishment
-settlement beforehand.

preeternity
-infinite previous duration.

preexamination
-previous examination.

preexamine
-to examine beforehand.

preexamined
-of preexamine

preexamining
-of preexamine

preexist
-to exist previously; to exist before something else.

preexisted
-of preexist

preexistence
-existence in a former state, or previous to something else.
-existence of the soul before its union with the body;
-- a doctrine held by certain philosophers.

preexistency
-preexistence.

preexistent
-existing previously; preceding existence; as, a preexistent state.

preexistentism
-the theory of a preexistence of souls before their association with human bodies.

preexistimation
-previous esteem or estimation.

preexisting
-of preexist

preexpectation
-previous expectation.

preface
-something spoken as introductory to a discourse, or written as introductory to a book or essay; a proem; an introduction, or series of preliminary remarks.
-the prelude or introduction to the canon of the mass.
-to introduce by a preface; to give a preface to; as, to preface a book discourse.
-to make a preface.

prefaced
-of preface

prefacer
-the writer of a preface.

prefacing
-of preface

prefatorial
-prefatory.

prefatorily
-in a prefatory manner; by way of preface.

prefatory
-pertaining to, or of the nature of, a preface; introductory to a book, essay, or discourse; as, prefatory remarks.

prefect
-a roman officer who controlled or superintended a particular command, charge, department, etc.; as, the prefect of the aqueducts; the prefect of a camp, of a fleet, of the city guard, of provisions; the pretorian prefect, who was commander of the troops guarding the emperor's person.
-a superintendent of a department who has control of its police establishment, together with extensive powers of municipal regulation.
-in the greek and roman catholic churches, a title of certain dignitaries below the rank of bishop.

prefectorial
-of or pertaining to a prefect.

prefectship
-the office or jurisdiction of a prefect.

prefecture
-the office, position, or jurisdiction of a prefect; also, his official residence.

prefecundation
-a term collectively applied to the changes or conditions preceding fecundation, especially to the changes which the ovum undergoes before fecundation.

prefecundatory
-of or pertaining to prefecundation.

prefer
-to carry or bring (something) forward, or before one; hence, to bring for consideration, acceptance, judgment, etc.; to offer; to present; to proffer; to address;
-- said especially of a request, prayer, petition, claim, charge, etc.
-to go before, or be before, in estimation; to outrank; to surpass.
-to cause to go before; hence, to advance before others, as to an office or dignity; to raise; to exalt; to promote; as, to prefer an officer to the rank of general.
-to set above or before something else in estimation, favor, or liking; to regard or honor before another; to hold in greater favor; to choose rather;
-- often followed by to, before, or above.

preferability
-the quality or state of being preferable; preferableness.

preferable
-worthy to be preferred or chosen before something else; more desirable; as, a preferable scheme.

preferableness
-the quality or state of being preferable.

preferably
-in preference; by choice.

preference
-the act of preferring, or the state of being preferred; the setting of one thing before another; precedence; higher estimation; predilection; choice; also, the power or opportunity of choosing; as, to give him his preference.
-that which is preferred; the object of choice or superior favor; as, which is your preference?

preferential
-giving, indicating, or having a preference or precedence; as, a preferential claim; preferential shares.

preferment
-the act of choosing, or the state of being chosen; preference.
-the act of preferring, or advancing in dignity or office; the state of being advanced; promotion.
-a position or office of honor or profit; as, the preferments of the church.

preferred
-of prefer

preferrer
-one who prefers.

preferring
-of prefer

prefidence
-the quality or state of being prefident.

prefident
-trusting beforehand; hence, overconfident.

prefigurate
-to prefigure.

prefiguration
-the act of prefiguring, or the state of being prefigured.

prefigurative
-showing by prefiguration.

prefigure
-to show, suggest, or announce, by antecedent types and similitudes; to foreshadow.

prefigured
-of prefigure

prefigurement
-the act of prefiguring; prefiguration; also, that which is prefigured.

prefiguring
-of prefigure

prefine
-to limit beforehand.

prefinite
-prearranged.

prefinition
-previous limitation.

prefix
-to put or fix before, or at the beginning of, another thing; as, to prefix a syllable to a word, or a condition to an agreement.
-to set or appoint beforehand; to settle or establish antecedently.
-that which is prefixed; esp., one or more letters or syllables combined or united with the beginning of a word to modify its signification; as, pre
- in prefix, con
- in conjure.

prefixed
-of prefix

prefixing
-of prefix

prefixion
-the act of prefixing.

prefloration
-aestivation.

prefoliation
-vernation.

preform
-to form beforehand, or for special ends.

preformation
-an old theory of the preexistence of germs. cf. embo/tement.

preformative
-a formative letter at the beginning of a word.

prefrontal
-situated in front of the frontal bone, or the frontal region of the skull; ectethmoid, as a certain bone in the nasal capsule of many animals, and certain scales of reptiles and fishes.
-a prefrontal bone or scale.

prefulgency
-superior brightness or effulgency.

pregage
-to preengage.

preglacial
-prior to the glacial or drift period.

pregnable
-capable of being entered, taken, or captured; expugnable; as, a pregnable fort.

pregnance
-pregnancy.

pregnancy
-the condition of being pregnant; the state of being with young.
-figuratively: the quality of being heavy with important contents, issue, significance, etc.; unusual consequence or capacity; fertility.

pregnant
-being with young, as a female; having conceived; great with young; breeding; teeming; gravid; preparing to bring forth.
-heavy with important contents, significance, or issue; full of consequence or results; weighty; as, pregnant replies.
-full of promise; abounding in ability, resources, etc.; as, a pregnant youth.
-a pregnant woman.
-affording entrance; receptive; yielding; willing; open; prompt.

pregnantly
-in a pregnant manner; fruitfully; significantly.
-unresistingly; openly; hence, clearly; evidently.

pregravate
-to bear down; to depress.

pregravitate
-to descend by gravity; to sink.

pregustant
-tasting beforehand; having a foretaste.

pregustation
-the act of tasting beforehand; foretaste.

prehallux
-an extra first toe, or rudiment of a toe, on the preaxial side of the hallux.

prehend
-to lay hold of; to seize.

prehensi
-ble
-capable of being seized.

prehensile
-adapted to seize or grasp; seizing; grasping; as, the prehensile tail of a monkey.

prehension
-the act of taking hold, seizing, or grasping, as with the hand or other member.

prehensory
-adapted to seize or grasp; prehensile.

prehistoric
-of or pertaining to a period before written history begins; as, the prehistoric ages; prehistoric man.

prehnite
-a pale green mineral occurring in crystalline aggregates having a botryoidal or mammillary structure, and rarely in distinct crystals. it is a hydrous silicate of alumina and lime.

prehnitic
-pertaining to, or designating, a tetrabasic acid of benzene obtained as a white crystalline substance;
-- probably so called from the resemblance of the wartlike crystals to the mammillae on the surface of prehnite.

preindesignate
-having no sign expressive of quantity; indefinite. see predesignate.

preindispose
-to render indisposed beforehand.

preinstruct
-to instruct previously or beforehand.

preinstructed
-of preinstruct

preinstructing
-of preinstruct

preintimation
-previous intimation; a suggestion beforehand.

prejudge
-to judge before hearing, or before full and sufficient examination; to decide or sentence by anticipation; to condemn beforehand.

prejudged
-of prejudge

prejudging
-of prejudge

prejudgment
-the act of prejudging; decision before sufficient examination.

prejudicacy
-prejudice; prepossession.

prejudical
-of or pertaining to the determination of some matter not previously decided; as, a prejudical inquiry or action at law.

prejudicant
-influenced by prejudice; biased.

prejudicate
-formed before due examination.
-biased by opinions formed prematurely; prejudiced.
-to determine beforehand, especially to disadvantage; to prejudge.
-to prejudge.

prejudicated
-of prejudicate

prejudicately
-with prejudice.

prejudicating
-of prejudicate

prejudication
-the act of prejudicating, or of judging without due examination of facts and evidence; prejudgment.
-a preliminary inquiry and determination about something which belongs to a matter in dispute.
-a previous treatment and decision of a point; a precedent.

prejudicative
-forming a judgment without due examination; prejudging.

prejudice
-foresight.
-an opinion or judgment formed without due examination; prejudgment; a leaning toward one side of a question from other considerations than those belonging to it; an unreasonable predilection for, or objection against, anything; especially, an opinion or leaning adverse to anything, without just grounds, or before sufficient knowledge.
-a bias on the part of judge, juror, or witness which interferes with fairness of judgment.
-mischief; hurt; damage; injury; detriment.
-to cause to have prejudice; to prepossess with opinions formed without due knowledge or examination; to bias the mind of, by hasty and incorrect notions; to give an unreasonable bent to, as to one side or the other of a cause; as, to prejudice a critic or a juryman.
-to obstruct or injure by prejudices, or by previous bias of the mind; hence, generally, to hurt; to damage; to injure; to impair; as, to prejudice a good cause.

prejudiced
-of prejudice

prejudicial
-biased, possessed, or blinded by prejudices; as, to look with a prejudicial eye.
-tending to obstruct or impair; hurtful; injurious; disadvantageous; detrimental.

prejudicing
-of prejudice

preknowledge
-prior knowledge.

prelacies
-of prelacy

prelacy
-the office or dignity of a prelate; church government by prelates.
-the order of prelates, taken collectively; the body of ecclesiastical dignitaries.

prelal
-of or pertaining to printing; typographical.

prelate
-a clergyman of a superior order, as an archbishop or a bishop, having authority over the lower clergy; a dignitary of the church.
-to act as a prelate.

prelateity
-prelacy.

prelateship
-the office of a prelate.

prelatess
-a woman who is a prelate; the wife of a prelate.

prelatial
-prelatical.

prelatic
-alt. of prelatical

prelatical
-of or pertaining to prelates or prelacy; as, prelatical authority.

prelatically
-in a prelatical manner; with reference to prelates.

prelation
-the setting of one above another; preference.

prelatism
-prelacy; episcopacy.

prelatist
-one who supports of advocates prelacy, or the government of the church by prelates; hence, a high
-churchman.

prelatize
-to bring under the influence of prelacy.
-to uphold or encourage prelacy; to exercise prelatical functions.

prelatized
-of prelatize

prelatizing
-of prelatize

prelatry
-prelaty; prelacy.

prelature
-alt. of prelatureship

prelatureship
-the state or dignity of a prelate; prelacy.

prelaty
-prelacy.

prelect
-to read publicly, as a lecture or discourse.
-to discourse publicly; to lecture.

prelected
-of prelect

prelecting
-of prelect

prelection
-a lecture or discourse read in public or to a select company.

prelector
-a reader of lectures or discourses; a lecturer.

prelibation
-a tasting beforehand, or by anticipation; a foretaste; as, a prelibation of heavenly bliss.
-a pouring out, or libation, before tasting.

preliminaries
-of preliminary

preliminarily
-in a preliminary manner.

preliminary
-introductory; previous; preceding the main discourse or business; prefatory; as, preliminary observations to a discourse or book; preliminary articles to a treaty; preliminary measures; preliminary examinations.
-that which precedes the main discourse, work, design, or business; something introductory or preparatory; as, the preliminaries to a negotiation or duel; to take one's preliminaries the year before entering college.

prelimit
-to limit previously.

prelook
-to look forward.

prelude
-an introductory performance, preceding and preparing for the principal matter; a preliminary part, movement, strain, etc.; especially (mus.), a strain introducing the theme or chief subject; a movement introductory to a fugue, yet independent;
-- with recent composers often synonymous with overture.
-to play an introduction or prelude; to give a prefatory performance; to serve as prelude.
-to introduce with a previous performance; to play or perform a prelude to; as, to prelude a concert with a lively air.
-to serve as prelude to; to precede as introductory.

preluded
-of prelude

preluder
-one who, or that which, preludes; one who plays a prelude.

preludial
-of or pertaining to a prelude; of the nature of a prelude; introductory.

preluding
-of prelude

preludious
-preludial.

prelumbar
-situated immediately in front of the loins;
-- applied to the dorsal part of the abdomen.

prelusive
-of the nature of a prelude; introductory; indicating that something of a like kind is to follow.

prelusorily
-in a prelusory way.

prelusory
-introductory; prelusive.

premature
-mature or ripe before the proper time; as, the premature fruits of a hotbed.
-happening, arriving, existing, or performed before the proper or usual time; adopted too soon; too early; untimely; as, a premature fall of snow; a premature birth; a premature opinion; premature decay.
-arriving or received without due authentication or evidence; as, a premature report.

prematurity
-the quality or state of being premature; early, or untimely, ripeness; as, the prematurity of genius.

premaxilla
-a bone on either side of the middle line between the nose and mouth, forming the anterior part of each half of the upper jawbone; the intermaxilla. in man the premaxillae become united and form the incisor part of the maxillary bone.

premaxillae
-of premaxilla

premaxillary
-situated in front of the maxillary bones; pertaining to the premaxillae; intermaxillary.
-a premaxilla.

premediate
-to advocate.

premeditate
-to think on, and revolve in the mind, beforehand; to contrive and design previously; as, to premeditate robbery.
-to think, consider, deliberate, or revolve in the mind, beforehand.
-premeditated; deliberate.

premeditated
-of premeditate

premeditately
-with premeditation.

premeditating
-of premeditate

premeditation
-the act of meditating or contriving beforehand; previous deliberation; forethought.

premerit
-to merit or deserve beforehand.

premial
-alt. of premiant

premiant
-serving to reward; rewarding.

premices
-first fruits.

premier
-first; chief; principal; as, the premier place; premier minister.
-most ancient;
-- said of the peer bearing the oldest title of his degree.
-the first minister of state; the prime minister.

premiership
-the office of the premier.

premillennial
-previous to the millennium.

premious
-rich in gifts.

premise
-a proposition antecedently supposed or proved; something previously stated or assumed as the basis of further argument; a condition; a supposition.
-either of the first two propositions of a syllogism, from which the conclusion is drawn.
-matters previously stated or set forth; esp., that part in the beginning of a deed, the office of which is to express the grantor and grantee, and the land or thing granted or conveyed, and all that precedes the habendum; the thing demised or granted.
-a piece of real estate; a building and its adjuncts; as, to lease premises; to trespass on another's premises.
-to send before the time, or beforehand; hence, to cause to be before something else; to employ previously.
-to set forth beforehand, or as introductory to the main subject; to offer previously, as something to explain or aid in understanding what follows; especially, to lay down premises or first propositions, on which rest the subsequent reasonings.
-to make a premise; to set forth something as a premise.

premised
-of premise

premises
-of premise

premising
-of premise

premiss
-premise.

premit
-to premise.

premium
-a reward or recompense; a prize to be won by being before another, or others, in a competition; reward or prize to be adjudged; a bounty; as, a premium for good behavior or scholarship, for discoveries, etc.
-something offered or given for the loan of money; bonus;
-- sometimes synonymous with interest, but generally signifying a sum in addition to the capital.
-a sum of money paid to underwriters for insurance, or for undertaking to indemnify for losses of any kind.
-a sum in advance of, or in addition to, the nominal or par value of anything; as, gold was at a premium; he sold his stock at a premium.

premiums
-of premium

premolar
-situated in front of the molar teeth.
-an anterior molar tooth which has replaced a deciduous molar. see tooth.

premonish
-to forewarn; to admonish beforehand.

premonished
-of premonish

premonishing
-of premonish

premonishment
-previous warning or admonition; forewarning.

premonition
-previous warning, notice, or information; forewarning; as, a premonition of danger.

premonitor
-one who, or that which, gives premonition.

premonitory
-giving previous warning or notice; as, premonitory symptoms of disease.

premonstrant
-a premonstratensian.

premonstrate
-to show beforehand; to foreshow.

premonstratensian
-one of a religious order of regular canons founded by st. norbert at premontre, in france, in 1119. the members of the order are called also white canons, norbertines, and premonstrants.

premonstration
-a showing beforehand; foreshowing.

premonstrator
-one who, or that which, premonstrates.

premorse
-terminated abruptly, or as it bitten off.

premosaic
-relating to the time before moses; as, premosaic history.

premotion
-previous motion or excitement to action.

premunire
-see praemunire.

premunite
-to fortify beforehand; to guard against objection.

premunition
-the act of fortifying or guarding against objections.

premunitory
-of or pertaining to a premunire; as, a premunitory process.

prenasal
-situated in front of the nose, or in front of the nasal chambers.

prenatal
-being or happening before birth.

prender
-the power or right of taking a thing before it is offered.

prenomen
-see praenomen.

prenominal
-serving as a prefix in a compound name.

prenominate
-forenamed; named beforehand.
-to forename; to name beforehand; to tell by name beforehand.

prenomination
-the act of prenominating; privilege of being named first.

prenostic
-a prognostic; an omen.

prenote
-to note or designate beforehand.

prenotion
-a notice or notion which precedes something else in time; previous notion or thought; foreknowledge.

prensation
-the act of seizing with violence.

prentice
-an apprentice.

prenticehood
-apprenticehood.

prenticeship
-apprenticeship.

prenunciation
-the act of announcing or proclaiming beforehand.

prenuncious
-announcing beforehand; presaging.

preoblongata
-the anterior part of the medulla oblongata.

preobtain
-to obtain beforehand.

preoccupancy
-the act or right of taking possession before another; as, the preoccupancy of wild land.

preoccupate
-to anticipate; to take before.
-to prepossess; to prejudice.

preoccupation
-the act of preoccupying, or taking possession of beforehand; the state of being preoccupied; prepossession.
-anticipation of objections.

preoccupied
-of preoccupy

preoccupy
-to take possession of before another; as, to preoccupy a country not before held.
-to prepossess; to engage, occupy, or engross the attention of, beforehand; hence, to prejudice.

preoccupying
-of preoccupy

preocular
-placed just in front of the eyes, as the antennae of certain insects.
-one of the scales just in front of the eye of a reptile or fish.

preominate
-to ominate beforehand; to portend.

preopercular
-situated in front of the operculum; pertaining to the preoperculum.
-the preoperculum.

preoperculum
-the anterior opercular bone in fishes.

preopinion
-opinion previously formed; prepossession; prejudice.

preoption
-right of first choice.

preoral
-situated in front of, or anterior to, the mouth; as, preoral bands.

preorbital
-situated in front or the orbit.

preordain
-to ordain or appoint beforehand: to predetermine: to foreordain.

preorder
-to order to arrange beforehand; to foreordain.

preordinance
-antecedent decree or determination.

preordinate
-preordained.

preordination
-the act of foreordaining: previous determination.

prepaid
-of prepay

preparable
-capable of being prepared.

preparation
-the act of preparing or fitting beforehand for a particular purpose, use, service, or condition; previous arrangement or adaptation; a making ready; as, the preparation of land for a crop of wheat; the preparation of troops for a campaign.
-the state of being prepared or made ready; preparedness; readiness; fitness; as, a nation in good preparation for war.
-that which makes ready, prepares the way, or introduces; a preparatory act or measure.
-that which is prepared, made, or compounded by a certain process or for a particular purpose; a combination. specifically: (a) any medicinal substance fitted for use. (b) anything treated for preservation or examination as a specimen. (c) something prepared for use in cookery.
-an army or fleet.
-the holding over of a note from one chord into the next chord, where it forms a temporary discord, until resolved in the chord that follows; the anticipation of a discordant note in the preceding concord, so that the ear is prepared for the shock. see suspension.
-accomplishment; qualification.

preparative
-tending to prepare or make ready; having the power of preparing, qualifying, or fitting; preparatory.
-that which has the power of preparing, or previously fitting for a purpose; that which prepares.
-that which is done in the way of preparation.

preparatively
-by way of preparation.

preparator
-one who prepares beforehand, as subjects for dissection, specimens for preservation in collections, etc.

preparatory
-preparing the way for anything by previous measures of adaptation; antecedent and adapted to what follows; introductory; preparative; as, a preparatory school; a preparatory condition.

prepare
-to fit, adapt, or qualify for a particular purpose or condition; to make ready; to put into a state for use or application; as, to prepare ground for seed; to prepare a lesson.
-to procure as suitable or necessary; to get ready; to provide; as, to prepare ammunition and provisions for troops; to prepare ships for defence; to prepare an entertainment.
-to make all things ready; to put things in order; as, to prepare for a hostile invasion.
-to make one's self ready; to get ready; to take the necessary previous measures; as, to prepare for death.
-preparation.

prepare/
-of prepare

prepared
-made fit or suitable; adapted; ready; as, prepared food; prepared questions.

preparer
-one who, or that which, prepares, fits, or makes ready.

preparing
-of prepare

prepay
-to pay in advance, or beforehand; as, to prepay postage.

prepaying
-of prepay

prepayment
-payment in advance.

prepenial
-situated in front of, or anterior to, the penis.

prepense
-to weigh or consider beforehand; to premeditate.
-to deliberate beforehand.
-devised, contrived, or planned beforehand; preconceived; premeditated; aforethought;
-- usually placed after the word it qualifies; as, malice prepense.

prepensely
-in a premeditated manner.

prepollence
-alt. of prepollency

prepollency
-the quality or state of being prepollent; superiority of power; predominance; prevalence.

prepollent
-having superior influence or power; prevailing; predominant.
-an extra first digit, or rudiment of a digit, on the preaxial side of the pollex.

prepollices
-of prepollent

preponder
-to preponderate.

preponderance
-alt. of preponderancy

preponderancy
-the quality or state of being preponderant; superiority or excess of weight, influence, or power, etc.; an outweighing.
-the excess of weight of that part of a canon behind the trunnions over that in front of them.

preponderant
-preponderating; outweighing; overbalancing;
-- used literally and figuratively; as, a preponderant weight; of preponderant importance.

preponderate
-to outweigh; to overpower by weight; to exceed in weight; to overbalance.
-to overpower by stronger or moral power.
-to cause to prefer; to incline; to decide.
-to exceed in weight; hence, to incline or descend, as the scale of a balance; figuratively, to exceed in influence, power, etc.; hence; to incline to one side; as, the affirmative side preponderated.

preponderated
-of preponderate

preponderating
-of preponderate

preponderatingly
-in a preponderating manner; preponderantly.

preponderation
-the act or state of preponderating; preponderance; as, a preponderation of reasons.

prepose
-to place or set before; to prefix.

preposition
-a word employed to connect a noun or a pronoun, in an adjectival or adverbial sense, with some other word; a particle used with a noun or pronoun (in english always in the objective case) to make a phrase limiting some other word;
-- so called because usually placed before the word with which it is phrased; as, a bridge of iron; he comes from town; it is good for food; he escaped by running.
-a proposition; an exposition; a discourse.

prepositional
-of or pertaining to a preposition; of the nature of a preposition.

prepositive
-put before; prefixed; as, a prepositive particle.
-a prepositive word.

prepositor
-a scholar appointed to inspect other scholars; a monitor.

prepositure
-the office or dignity of a provost; a provostship.

prepossess
-to preoccupy, as ground or land; to take previous possession of.
-to preoccupy, as the mind or heart, so as to preclude other things; hence, to bias or prejudice; to give a previous inclination to, for or against anything; esp., to induce a favorable opinion beforehand, or at the outset.

prepossessed
-of prepossess

prepossessing
-of prepossess
-tending to invite favor; attracting confidence, favor, esteem, or love; attractive; as, a prepossessing manner.

prepossession
-preoccupation; prior possession.
-preoccupation of the mind by an opinion, or impression, already formed; preconceived opinion; previous impression; bias;
-- generally, but not always, used in a favorable sense; as, the prepossessions of childhood.

prepossessor
-one who possesses, or occupies, previously.

preposterous
-having that first which ought to be last; inverted in order.
-contrary to nature or reason; not adapted to the end; utterly and glaringly foolish; unreasonably absurd; perverted.

prepostor
-see prepositor.

prepotency
-the quality or condition of being prepotent; predominance.
-the capacity, on the part of one of the parents, as compared with the other, to transmit more than his or her own share of characteristics to their offspring.

prepotent
-very powerful; superior in force, influence, or authority; predominant.
-characterized by prepotency.

preprovide
-to provide beforehand.

prepubic
-situated in front of, or anterior to, the pubis; pertaining to the prepubis.

prepubis
-a bone or cartilage, of some animals, situated in the middle line in front of the pubic bones.

prepuce
-the foreskin.

preputial
-of or pertaining to the prepuce.

preraphaelism
-alt. of preraphaelitism

preraphaelite
-of or pertaining to the style called preraphaelitism; as, a preraphaelite figure; a preraphaelite landscape.
-one who favors or practices art as it was before raphael; one who favors or advocates preraphaelitism.

preraphaelitism
-the doctrine or practice of a school of modern painters who profess to be followers of the painters before raphael. its adherents advocate careful study from nature, delicacy and minuteness of workmanship, and an exalted and delicate conception of the subject.

preregnant
-one who reigns before another; a sovereign predecessor.

preremote
-more remote in previous time or prior order.

prerequire
-to require beforehand.

prerequisite
-previously required; necessary as a preliminary to any proposed effect or end; as, prerequisite conditions of success.
-something previously required, or necessary to an end or effect proposed.

preresolve
-to resolve beforehand; to predetermine.

preresolved
-of preresolve

preresolving
-of preresolve

prerogative
-an exclusive or peculiar privilege; prior and indefeasible right; fundamental and essential possession;
-- used generally of an official and hereditary right which may be asserted without question, and for the exercise of which there is no responsibility or accountability as to the fact and the manner of its exercise.
-precedence; preeminence; first rank.

prerogatived
-endowed with a prerogative, or exclusive privilege.

prerogatively
-by prerogative.

presage
-something which foreshows or portends a future event; a prognostic; an omen; an augury.
-power to look the future, or the exercise of that power; foreknowledge; presentiment.
-to have a presentiment of; to feel beforehand; to foreknow.
-to foretell; to predict; to foreshow; to indicate.
-to form or utter a prediction;
-- sometimes used with of.

presaged
-of presage

presageful
-full of presages; ominous.

presagement
-the act or art of presaging; a foreboding.
-that which is presaged, or foretold.

presager
-one who, or that which, presages; a foreteller; a foreboder.

presaging
-of presage

presagious
-foreboding; ominous.

presbyope
-one who has presbyopia; a farsighted person.

presbyopia
-a defect of vision consequent upon advancing age. it is due to rigidity of the crystalline lens, which produces difficulty of accommodation and recession of the near point of vision, so that objects very near the eyes can not be seen distinctly without the use of convex glasses. called also presbytia.

presbyopic
-affected by presbyopia; also, remedying presbyopia; farsighted.

presbyopy
-see presbyopia.

presbyte
-same as presbyope.

presbyter
-an elder in the early christian church. see 2d citation under bishop, n., 1.
-one ordained to the second order in the ministry;
-- called also priest.
-a member of a presbytery whether lay or clerical.
-a presbyterian.

presbyteral
-of or pertaining to a presbyter or presbytery; presbyterial.

presbyterate
-a presbytery; also, presbytership.

presbyteress
-a female presbyter.

presbyterial
-presbyterian.

presbyterian
-of or pertaining to a presbyter, or to ecclesiastical government by presbyters; relating to those who uphold church government by presbyters; also, to the doctrine, discipline, and worship of a communion so governed.
-one who maintains the validity of ordination and government by presbyters; a member of the presbyterian church.

presbyterianism
-that form of church government which invests presbyters with all spiritual power, and admits no prelates over them; also, the faith and polity of the presbyterian churches, taken collectively.

presbyteries
-of presbytery

presbyterium
-same as presbytery, 4.

presbytership
-the office or station of a presbyter; presbyterate.

presbytery
-a body of elders in the early christian church.
-a judicatory consisting of all the ministers within a certain district, and one layman, who is a ruling elder, from each parish or church, commissioned to represent the church in conjunction with the pastor. this body has a general jurisdiction over the churches under its care, and next below the provincial synod in authority.
-the presbyterian religion of polity.
-that part of the church reserved for the officiating priest.
-the residence of a priest or clergyman.

presbytia
-presbyopia.

presbytic
-same as presbyopic.

presbytism
-presbyopia.

prescapular
-of or pertaining to the prescapula; supraspinous.

prescience
-knowledge of events before they take place; foresight.

presciendent
-foreknowing; having foreknowledge; as, prescious of ills.

prescient
-having knowledge of coming events; foreseeing; conscious beforehand.

presciently
-with prescience or foresight.

prescind
-to cut off; to abstract.
-to consider by a separate act of attention or analysis.

prescribe
-to lay down authoritatively as a guide, direction, or rule of action; to impose as a peremptory order; to dictate; to appoint; to direct.
-to direct, as a remedy to be used by a patient; as, the doctor prescribed quinine.
-to give directions; to dictate.
-to influence by long use
-to write or to give medical directions; to indicate remedies; as, to prescribe for a patient in a fever.
-to claim by prescription; to claim a title to a thing on the ground of immemorial use and enjoyment, that is, by a custom having the force of law.

prescribed
-of prescribe

prescriber
-one who prescribes.

prescribing
-of prescribe

prescript
-directed; prescribed.
-direction; precept; model prescribed.
-a medical prescription.

prescriptibility
-the quality or state of being prescriptible.

prescriptible
-depending on, or derived from, prescription; proper to be prescribed.

prescription
-the act of prescribing, directing, or dictating; direction; precept; also, that which is prescribed.
-a direction of a remedy or of remedies for a disease, and the manner of using them; a medical recipe; also, a prescribed remedy.
-a prescribing for title; the claim of title to a thing by virtue immemorial use and enjoyment; the right or title acquired by possession had during the time and in the manner fixed by law.

prescriptive
-consisting in, or acquired by, immemorial or long
-continued use and enjoyment; as, a prescriptive right of title; pleading the continuance and authority of long custom.

prescriptively
-by prescription.

prescuta
-of prescutum

prescutum
-the first of the four pieces composing the dorsal part, or tergum, of a thoracic segment of an insect. it is usually small and inconspicuous.

preseance
-priority of place in sitting.

preselect
-to select beforehand.

presence
-the state of being present, or of being within sight or call, or at hand;
-- opposed to absence.
-the place in which one is present; the part of space within one's ken, call, influence, etc.; neighborhood without the intervention of anything that forbids intercourse.
-specifically, neighborhood to the person of one of superior of exalted rank; also, presence chamber.
-the whole of the personal qualities of an individual; person; personality; especially, the person of a superior, as a sovereign.
-an assembly, especially of person of rank or nobility; noble company.
-port, mien; air; personal appearence.

presensation
-previous sensation, notion, or idea.

presension
-previous perception.

present
-being at hand, within reach or call, within certain contemplated limits;
-- opposed to absent.
-now existing, or in process; begun but not ended; now in view, or under consideration; being at this time; not past or future; as, the present session of congress; the present state of affairs; the present instance.
-not delayed; immediate; instant; coincident.
-ready; quick in emergency; as a present wit.
-favorably attentive; propitious.
-present time; the time being; time in progress now, or at the moment contemplated; as, at this present.
-present letters or instrument, as a deed of conveyance, a lease, letter of attorney, or other writing; as in the phrase, " know all men by these presents," that is, by the writing itself, " per has literas praesentes; "
-- in this sense, rarely used in the singular.
-a present tense, or the form of the verb denoting the present tense.
-to bring or introduce into the presence of some one, especially of a superior; to introduce formally; to offer for acquaintance; as, to present an envoy to the king; (with the reciprocal pronoun) to come into the presence of a superior.
-to exhibit or offer to view or notice; to lay before one's perception or cognizance; to set forth; to present a fine appearance.
-to pass over, esp. in a ceremonious manner; to give in charge or possession; to deliver; to make over.
-to make a gift of; to bestow; to give, generally in a formal or ceremonious manner; to grant; to confer.
-hence: to endow; to bestow a gift upon; to favor, as with a donation; also, to court by gifts.
-to present; to personate.
-to nominate to an ecclesiastical benefice; to offer to the bishop or ordinary as a candidate for institution.
-to nominate for support at a public school or other institution .
-to lay before a public body, or an official, for consideration, as before a legislature, a court of judicature, a corporation, etc.; as, to present a memorial, petition, remonstrance, or indictment.
-to lay before a court as an object of inquiry; to give notice officially of, as a crime of offence; to find or represent judicially; as, a grand jury present certain offenses or nuisances, or whatever they think to be public injuries.
-to bring an indictment against .
-to aim, point, or direct, as a weapon; as, to present a pistol or the point of a sword to the breast of another.
-to appear at the mouth of the uterus so as to be perceptible to the finger in vaginal examination;
-- said of a part of an infant during labor.
-anything presented or given; a gift; a donative; as, a christmas present.
-the position of a soldier in presenting arms; as, to stand at present.

presentable
-capable or admitting of being presented; suitable to be exhibited, represented, or offered; fit to be brought forward or set forth; hence, fitted to be introduced to another, or to go into society; as, ideas that are presentable in simple language; she is not presentable in such a gown.
-admitting of the presentation of a clergiman; as, a church presentable.

presentaneous
-ready; quick; immediate in effect; as, presentaneous poison.

presentation
-the act of presenting, or the state of being presented; a setting forth; an offering; bestowal.
-exhibition; representation; display; appearance; semblance; show.
-that which is presented or given; a present; a gift, as, the picture was a presentation.
-the act of offering a clergyman to the bishop or ordinary for institution in a benefice; the right of presenting a clergyman.
-the particular position of the child during labor relatively to the passage though which it is to be brought forth;
-- specifically designated by the part which first appears at the mouth of the uterus; as, a breech presentation.

presentative
-having the right of presentation, or offering a clergyman to the bishop for institution; as, advowsons are presentative, collative, or donative.
-admitting the presentation of a clergyman; as, a presentative parsonage.
-capable of being directly known by, or presented to, the mind; intuitive; directly apprehensible, as objects; capable of apprehending, as faculties.

presented
-of present

presentee
-one to whom something is presented; also, one who is presented; specifically (eccl.), one presented to benefice.

presenter
-one who presents.

presential
-implying actual presence; present, immediate.

presentiality
-state of being actually present.

presentiate
-to make present.

presentient
-feeling or perceiving beforehand.

presentific
-making present.

presentifical
-presentific.

presentiment
-previous sentiment, conception, or opinion; previous apprehension; especially, an antecedent impression or conviction of something unpleasant, distressing, or calamitous, about to happen; anticipation of evil; foreboding.

presentimental
-of nature of a presentiment; foreboding.

presenting
-of present

presention
-see presension.

presentive
-bringing a conception or notion directly before the mind; presenting an object to the memory of imagination;
-- distinguished from symbolic.

presently
-at present; at this time; now.
-at once; without delay; forthwith; also, less definitely, soon; shortly; before long; after a little while; by and by.
-with actual presence; actually .

presentment
-the act of presenting, or the state of being presented; presentation.
-setting forth to view; delineation; appearance; representation; exhibition.
-the notice taken by a grand jury of any offence from their own knowledge or observation, without any bill of indictment laid before them, as, the presentment of a nuisance, a libel, or the like; also, an inquisition of office and indictment by a grand jury; an official accusation presented to a tribunal by the grand jury in an indictment, or the act of offering an indictment; also, the indictment itself.
-the official notice (formerly required to be given in court) of the surrender of a copyhold estate.

presentness
-the quality or state of being present; presence.

presentoir
-an ornamental tray, dish, or the like, used as a salver.

preservable
-capable of being preserved; admitting of preservation.

preservation
-the act or process of preserving, or keeping safe; the state of being preserved, or kept from injury, destruction, or decay; security; safety; as, preservation of life, fruit, game, etc.; a picture in good preservation.

preservative
-having the power or quality of preserving; tending to preserve, or to keep from injury, decay, etc.
-that which preserves, or has the power of preserving; a presevative agent.

preservatories
-of preservatory

preservatory
-preservative.
-a preservative.
-a room, or apparatus, in which perishable things, as fruit, vegetables, etc., can be preserved without decay.

preserve
-to keep or save from injury or destruction; to guard or defend from evil, harm, danger, etc.; to protect.
-to save from decay by the use of some preservative substance, as sugar, salt, etc.; to season and prepare for remaining in a good state, as fruits, meat, etc.; as, to preserve peaches or grapes.
-to maintain throughout; to keep intact; as, to preserve appearances; to preserve silence.
-to make preserves.
-to protect game for purposes of sport.
-that which is preserved; fruit, etc., seasoned and kept by suitable preparation; esp., fruit cooked with sugar;
-- commonly in the plural.
-a place in which game, fish, etc., are preserved for purposes of sport, or for food.

preserved
-of preserve

preserver
-one who, or that which, preserves, saves, or defends, from destruction, injury, or decay; esp., one who saves the life or character of another.
-one who makes preserves of fruit.

preserving
-of preserve

preshow
-to foreshow.

presidary
-a guard.

preside
-to be set, or to sit, in the place of authority; to occupy the place of president, chairman, moderator, director, etc.; to direct, control, and regulate, as chief officer; as, to preside at a public meeting; to preside over the senate.
-to exercise superintendence; to watch over.

presided
-of preside

presidence
-see presidency.

presidencies
-of presidency

presidency
-the function or condition of one who presides; superintendence; control and care.
-the office of president; as, washington was elected to the presidency.
-the term during which a president holds his office; as, during the presidency of madison.
-one of the three great divisions of british india, the bengal, madras, and bombay presidencies, each of which had a council of which its governor was president.

president
-precedent.
-occupying the first rank or chief place; having the highest authority; presiding.
-one who is elected or appointed to preside; a presiding officer, as of a legislative body.
-the chief officer of a corporation, company, institution, society, or the like.
-the chief executive officer of the government in certain republics; as, the president of the united states.
-a protector; a guardian; a presiding genius.

presidential
-presiding or watching over.
-of or pertaining to a president; as, the presidential chair; a presidential election.

presidentship
-the office and dignity of president; presidency.

presider
-one who presides.

presidial
-alt. of presidiary

presidiary
-of or pertaining to a garrison; having a garrison.

presiding
-of preside
-a. & n. from preside.

presidio
-a place of defense; a fortress; a garrison; a fortress; a garrison or guardhouse.

presignification
-the act of signifying or showing beforehand.

presignified
-of presignify

presignify
-to intimate or signify beforehand; to presage.

presignifying
-of presignify

presphenoid
-situated in front of the sphenoid bone; of or pertaining to the anterior part of the sphenoid bone (i. e., the presphenoid bone).
-the presphenoid bone.

presphenoidal
-of or pertaining to the presphenoid bone; presphenoid.

prespinal
-prevertebral.

press
-an east indian insectivore (tupaia ferruginea). it is arboreal in its habits, and has a bushy tail. the fur is soft, and varies from rusty red to maroon and to brownish black.
-to force into service, particularly into naval service; to impress.
-a commission to force men into public service, particularly into the navy.
-to urge, or act upon, with force, as weight; to act upon by pushing or thrusting, in distinction from pulling; to crowd or compel by a gradual and continued exertion; to bear upon; to squeeze; to compress; as, we press the ground with the feet when we walk; we press the couch on which we repose; we press substances with the hands, fingers, or arms; we are pressed in a crowd.
-to squeeze, in order to extract the juice or contents of; to squeeze out, or express, from something.
-to squeeze in or with suitable instruments or apparatus, in order to compact, make dense, or smooth; as, to press cotton bales, paper, etc.; to smooth by ironing; as, to press clothes.
-to embrace closely; to hug.
-to oppress; to bear hard upon.
-to straiten; to distress; as, to be pressed with want or hunger.
-to exercise very powerful or irresistible influence upon or over; to constrain; to force; to compel.
-to try to force (something upon some one); to urge or inculcate with earnestness or importunity; to enforce; as, to press divine truth on an audience.
-to drive with violence; to hurry; to urge on; to ply hard; as, to press a horse in a race.
-to exert pressure; to bear heavily; to push, crowd, or urge with steady force.
-to move on with urging and crowding; to make one's way with violence or effort; to bear onward forcibly; to crowd; to throng; to encroach.
-to urge with vehemence or importunity; to exert a strong or compelling influence; as, an argument presses upon the judgment.
-an apparatus or machine by which any substance or body is pressed, squeezed, stamped, or shaped, or by which an impression of a body is taken; sometimes, the place or building containing a press or presses.
-specifically, a printing press.
-the art or business of printing and publishing; hence, printed publications, taken collectively, more especially newspapers or the persons employed in writing for them; as, a free press is a blessing, a licentious press is a curse.
-an upright case or closet for the safe keeping of articles; as, a clothes press.
-the act of pressing or thronging forward.
-urgent demands of business or affairs; urgency; as, a press of engagements.
-a multitude of individuals crowded together; / crowd of single things; a throng.

presscapula
-the part of the scapula in front of, or above, the spine, or mesoscapula.

pressed
-of press

presser
-one who, or that which, presses.

pressgang
-see press gang, under press.

pressing
-of press
-urgent; exacting; importunate; as, a pressing necessity.

pression
-the act of pressing; pressure.
-an endeavor to move.

pressiroster
-one of a tribe of wading birds (pressirostres) including those which have a compressed beak, as the plovers.

pressirostral
-of or pertaining to the pressirosters.

pressitant
-gravitating; heavy.

pressive
-pressing; urgent; also, oppressive; as, pressive taxation.

pressly
-closely; concisely.

pressman
-one who manages, or attends to, a press, esp. a printing press.
-one who presses clothes; as, a tailor's pressman.
-one of a press gang, who aids in forcing men into the naval service; also, one forced into the service.

pressmen
-of pressman

pressor
-causing, or giving rise to, pressure or to an increase of pressure; as, pressor nerve fibers, stimulation of which excites the vasomotor center, thus causing a stronger contraction of the arteries and consequently an increase of the arterial blood pressure;
-- opposed to depressor.

presspack
-to pack, or prepare for packing, by means of a press.

presstriction
-obstruction, dimness, or defect of sight.

pressurage
-pressure.
-the juice of the grape extracted by the press; also, a fee paid for the use of a wine press.

pressure
-the act of pressing, or the condition of being pressed; compression; a squeezing; a crushing; as, a pressure of the hand.
-a contrasting force or impulse of any kind; as, the pressure of poverty; the pressure of taxes; the pressure of motives on the mind; the pressure of civilization.
-affliction; distress; grievance.
-urgency; as, the pressure of business.
-impression; stamp; character impressed.
-the action of a force against some obstacle or opposing force; a force in the nature of a thrust, distributed over a surface, often estimated with reference to the upon a unit's area.

presswork
-the art of printing from the surface of type, plates, or engravings in relief, by means of a press; the work so done.

prest
-imp. & p. p. of press.
-ready; prompt; prepared.
-neat; tidy; proper.
-ready money; a loan of money.
-a duty in money formerly paid by the sheriff on his account in the exchequer, or for money left or remaining in his hands.
-to give as a loan; to lend.

prestable
-payable.

prestation
-a payment of money; a toll or duty; also, the rendering of a service.

prester
-a meteor or exhalation formerly supposed to be thrown from the clouds with such violence that by collision it is set on fire.
-one of the veins of the neck when swollen with anger or other excitement.
-a priest or presbyter; as, prester john.

presternum
-the anterior segment of the sternum; the manubrium.

prestidigital
-nimble
-fingered; having fingers fit for prestidigitation, or juggling.

prestidigitation
-legerdemain; sleight of hand; juggling.

prestidigitator
-one skilled in legerdemain or sleight of hand; a juggler.

prestige
-delusion; illusion; trick.
-weight or influence derived from past success; expectation of future achievements founded on those already accomplished; force or charm derived from acknowledged character or reputation.

prestigiation
-legerdemain; prestidigitation.

prestigiator
-a juggler; prestidigitator.

prestigiatory
-consisting of impostures; juggling.

prestigious
-practicing tricks; juggling.

prestimony
-a fund for the support of a priest, without the title of a benefice. the patron in the collator.

prestissimo
-very quickly; with great rapidity.

presto
-quickly; immediately; in haste; suddenly.
-quickly; rapidly;
-- a direction for a quick, lively movement or performance; quicker than allegro, or any rate of time except prestissimo.

presultor
-a leader in the dance.

presumable
-such as may be presumed or supposed to be true; that seems entitled to belief without direct evidence.

presumably
-in a presumable manner; by, or according to, presumption.

presume
-to assume or take beforehand; esp., to do or undertake without leave or authority previously obtained.
-to take or suppose to be true, or entitled to belief, without examination or proof, or on the strength of probability; to take for granted; to infer; to suppose.
-to suppose or assume something to be, or to be true, on grounds deemed valid, though not amounting to proof; to believe by anticipation; to infer; as, we may presume too far.
-to venture, go, or act, by an assumption of leave or authority not granted; to go beyond what is warranted by the circumstances of the case; to venture beyond license; to take liberties;
-- often with on or upon before the ground of confidence.

presumed
-of presume

presumedly
-by presumption.

presumer
-one who presumes; also, an arrogant person.

presuming
-of presume

presumingly
-confidently; arrogantly.

presumption
-the act of presuming, or believing upon probable evidence; the act of assuming or taking for granted; belief upon incomplete proof.
-ground for presuming; evidence probable, but not conclusive; strong probability; reasonable supposition; as, the presumption is that an event has taken place.
-that which is presumed or assumed; that which is supposed or believed to be real or true, on evidence that is probable but not conclusive.
-the act of venturing beyond due beyond due bounds; an overstepping of the bounds of reverence, respect, or courtesy; forward, overconfident, or arrogant opinion or conduct; presumptuousness; arrogance; effrontery.

presumptive
-based on presumption or probability; grounded on probable evidence; probable; as, presumptive proof.
-presumptuous; arrogant.

presumptively
-by presumption, or supposition grounded or probability; presumably.

presumptuous
-full of presumption; presuming; overconfident or venturesome; audacious; rash; taking liberties unduly; arrogant; insolent; as, a presumptuous commander; presumptuous conduct.
-founded on presumption; as, a presumptuous idea.
-done with hold design, rash confidence, or in violation of known duty; willful.

presumptuously
-in a presumptuous manner; arrogantly.

presumptuousness
-the quality or state of being presumptuous.

presupposal
-presupposition.

presuppose
-to suppose beforehand; to imply as antecedent; to take for granted; to assume; as, creation presupposes a creator.

presupposed
-of presuppose

presupposing
-of presuppose

presupposition
-the act of presupposing; an antecedent implication; presumption.
-that which is presupposed; a previous supposition or surmise.

presurmise
-a surmise previously formed.

presystolic
-preceding the systole or contraction of the heart; as, the presystolic friction sound.

pretemporal
-situated in front of the temporal bone.

pretence
-alt. of pretenceless
-the act of laying claim; the claim laid; assumption; pretension.
-the act of holding out, or offering, to others something false or feigned; presentation of what is deceptive or hypocritical; deception by showing what is unreal and concealing what is real; false show; simulation; as, pretense of illness; under pretense of patriotism; on pretense of revenging caesar's death.
-that which is pretended; false, deceptive, or hypocritical show, argument, or reason; pretext; feint.
-intention; design.

pretenceful
-alt. of pretenceless

pretenceless
-see pretense, pretenseful, pretenseless.

pretend
-to lay a claim to; to allege a title to; to claim.
-to hold before, or put forward, as a cloak or disguise for something else; to exhibit as a veil for something hidden.
-to hold out, or represent, falsely; to put forward, or offer, as true or real (something untrue or unreal); to show hypocritically, or for the purpose of deceiving; to simulate; to feign; as, to pretend friendship.
-to intend; to design; to plot; to attempt.
-to hold before one; to extend.
-to put in, or make, a claim, truly or falsely; to allege a title; to lay claim to, or strive after, something;
-- usually with to.
-to hold out the appearance of being, possessing, or performing; to profess; to make believe; to feign; to sham; as, to pretend to be asleep.

pretendant
-a pretender; a claimant.

pretended
-of pretend
-making a false appearance; unreal; false; as, pretended friend.

pretendence
-the act of pretending; pretense.

pretender
-one who lays claim, or asserts a title (to something); a claimant.
-the pretender (eng. hist.), the son or the grandson of james ii., the heir of the royal family of stuart, who laid claim to the throne of great britain, from which the house was excluded by law.
-one who pretends, simulates, or feigns.

pretendership
-the character, right, or claim of a pretender.

pretending
-of pretend

pretendingly
-as by right or title; arrogantly; presumptuously.

pretense
-alt. of pretence

pretensed
-pretended; feigned.

pretenseful
-abounding in pretenses.

pretenseless
-not having or making pretenses.

pretension
-the act of pretending, or laying claim; the act of asserting right or title.
-a claim made, whether true or false; a right alleged or assumed; a holding out the appearance of possessing a certain character; as, pretensions to scholarship.

pretentative
-fitted for trial beforehand; experimental.

pretentious
-full of pretension; disposed to lay claim to more than is one's; presuming; assuming.

preter
-
-a prefix signifying past, by, beyond, more than; as, preter
- mission, a permitting to go by; preternatural, beyond or more than is natural.

preterhuman
-more than human.

preterient
-passed through; antecedent; previous; as, preterient states.

preterimperfect
-old name of the tense also called imperfect.

preterist
-one whose chief interest is in the past; one who regards the past with most pleasure or favor.
-one who believes the prophecies of the apocalypse to have been already fulfilled.

preterit
-past;
-- applied to a tense which expresses an action or state as past.
-belonging wholly to the past; passed by.
-the preterit; also, a word in the preterit tense.

preterite
-same as preterit.

preteriteness
-same as preteritness.

preterition
-the act of passing, or going past; the state of being past.
-a figure by which, in pretending to pass over anything, a summary mention of it is made; as, "i will not say, he is valiant, he is learned, he is just." called also paraleipsis.
-the omission by a testator of some one of his heirs who is entitled to a portion.

preteritive
-used only or chiefly in the preterit or past tenses, as certain verbs.

preteritness
-the quality or state of being past.

preterlapsed
-past; as, preterlapsed ages.

preterlegal
-exceeding the limits of law.

pretermission
-the act of passing by or omitting; omission.
-see preterition.

pretermit
-to pass by; to omit; to disregard.

pretermitted
-of pretermit

pretermitting
-of pretermit

preternatural
-beyond of different from what is natural, or according to the regular course of things, but not clearly supernatural or miraculous; strange; inexplicable; extraordinary; uncommon; irregular; abnormal; as, a preternatural appearance; a preternatural stillness; a preternatural presentation (in childbirth) or labor.

preternaturalism
-the state of being preternatural; a preternatural condition.

preternaturality
-preternaturalness.

preternaturally
-in a preternatural manner or degree.

preternaturalness
-the quality or state of being preternatural.

preterperfect
-old name of the tense also called preterit.

preterpluperfect
-old name of the tense also called pluperfect.

pretertiary
-earlier than tertiary.

pretervection
-the act of carrying past or beyond.

pretex
-to frame; to devise; to disguise or excuse; hence, to pretend; to declare falsely.

pretext
-ostensible reason or motive assigned or assumed as a color or cover for the real reason or motive; pretense; disguise.

pretexture
-a pretext.

pretibial
-situated in front of the tibia.

pretor
-a civil officer or magistrate among the ancient romans.
-hence, a mayor or magistrate.

pretorial
-pretorian.

pretorian
-of or pertaining to a pretor or magistrate; judicial; exercised by, or belonging to, a pretor; as, pretorian power or authority.
-a soldier of the pretorian guard.

pretorium
-the general's tent in a roman camp; hence, a council of war, because held in the general's tent.
-the official residence of a governor of a province; hence, a place; a splendid country seat.

pretorship
-the office or dignity of a pretor.

pretorture
-to torture beforehand.

prettily
-in a pretty manner.

prettiness
-the quality or state of being pretty;
-- used sometimes in a disparaging sense.

pretty
-pleasing by delicacy or grace; attracting, but not striking or impressing; of a pleasing and attractive form a color; having slight or diminutive beauty; neat or elegant without elevation or grandeur; pleasingly, but not grandly, conceived or expressed; as, a pretty face; a pretty flower; a pretty poem.
-moderately large; considerable; as, he had saved a pretty fortune.
-affectedly nice; foppish;
-- used in an ill sense.
-mean; despicable; contemptible;
-- used ironically; as, a pretty trick; a pretty fellow.
-stout; strong and brave; intrepid; valiant.
-in some degree; moderately; considerably; rather; almost;
-- less emphatic than very; as, i am pretty sure of the fact; pretty cold weather.

pretty
-spoken
-spoken or speaking prettily.

prettyish
-somewhat pretty.

prettyism
-affectation of a pretty style, manner, etc.

pretypified
-of pretypify

pretypify
-to prefigure; to exhibit previously in a type.

pretypifying
-of pretypify

pretzel
-a kind of german biscuit or cake in the form of a twisted ring, salted on the outside.

prevail
-to overcome; to gain the victory or superiority; to gain the advantage; to have the upper hand, or the mastery; to succeed;
-- sometimes with over or against.
-to be in force; to have effect, power, or influence; to be predominant; to have currency or prevalence; to obtain; as, the practice prevails this day.
-to persuade or induce;
-- with on, upon, or with; as, i prevailedon him to wait.

prevailed
-of prevail

prevailing
-of prevail
-having superior force or influence; efficacious; persuasive.
-predominant; prevalent; most general; as, the prevailing disease of a climate; a prevailing opinion.

prevailingly
-so as to prevail.

prevailment
-prevalence; superior influence; efficacy.

prevalence
-the quality or condition of being prevalent; superior strength, force, or influence; general existence, reception, or practice; wide extension; as, the prevalence of virtue, of a fashion, or of a disease; the prevalence of a rumor.

prevalency
-see prevalence.

prevalent
-gaining advantage or superiority; having superior force, influence, or efficacy; prevailing; predominant; successful; victorious.
-most generally received or current; most widely adopted or practiced; also, generally or extensively existing; widespread; prevailing; as, a prevalent observance; prevalent disease.

prevalently
-in a prevalent manner.

prevaricate
-to shift or turn from one side to the other, from the direct course, or from truth; to speak with equivocation; to shuffle; to quibble; as, he prevaricates in his statement.
-to collude, as where an informer colludes with the defendant, and makes a sham prosecution.
-to undertake a thing falsely and deceitfully, with the purpose of defeating or destroying it.
-to evade by a quibble; to transgress; to pervert.

prevaricated
-of prevaricate

prevaricating
-of prevaricate

prevarication
-the act of prevaricating, shuffling, or quibbling, to evade the truth or the disclosure of truth; a deviation from the truth and fair dealing.
-a secret abuse in the exercise of a public office.
-the collusion of an informer with the defendant, for the purpose of making a sham prosecution.
-a false or deceitful seeming to undertake a thing for the purpose of defeating or destroying it.

prevaricator
-one who prevaricates.
-a sham dealer; one who colludes with a defendant in a sham prosecution.
-one who betrays or abuses a trust.

preve
-to prove.
-proof.

prevenance
-a going before; anticipation in sequence or order.

prevenancy
-the act of anticipating another's wishes, desires, etc., in the way of favor or courtesy; hence, civility; obligingness.

prevene
-to come before; to anticipate; hence, to hinder; to prevent.

prevenience
-the act of going before; anticipation.

prevenient
-going before; preceding; hence, preventive.

prevent
-to go before; to precede; hence, to go before as a guide; to direct.
-to be beforehand with; to anticipate.
-to intercept; to hinder; to frustrate; to stop; to thwart.
-to come before the usual time.

preventability
-the quality or state of being preventable.

preventable
-capable of being prevented or hindered; as, preventable diseases.

preventative
-that which prevents;
-- incorrectly used instead of preventive.

prevented
-of prevent

preventer
-one who goes before; one who forestalls or anticipates another.
-one who prevents or obstructs; a hinderer; that which hinders; as, a preventer of evils or of disease.
-an auxiliary rope to strengthen a mast.

preventing
-of prevent

preventingly
-so as to prevent or hinder.

prevention
-the act of going, or state of being, before.
-anticipation; esp., anticipation of needs or wishes; hence, precaution; forethought.
-the act of preventing or hindering; obstruction of action, access, or approach; thwarting.
-prejudice; prepossession.

preventional
-tending to prevent.

preventive
-going before; preceding.
-tending to defeat or hinder; obviating; preventing the access of; as, a medicine preventive of disease.
-that which prevents, hinders, or obstructs; that which intercepts access; in medicine, something to prevent disease; a prophylactic.

preventively
-in a preventive manner.

prevertebral
-situated immediately in front, or on the ventral side, of the vertebral column; prespinal.

previous
-going before in time; being or happening before something else; antecedent; prior; as, previous arrangements; a previous illness.

previously
-beforehand; antecedently; as, a plan previously formed.

previousness
-the quality or state of being previous; priority or antecedence in time.

previse
-to foresee.
-to inform beforehand; to warn.

prevision
-foresight; foreknowledge; prescience.

prevoyant
-foreseeing; prescient.

prewarn
-to warn beforehand; to forewarn.

prewarned
-of prewarn

prewarning
-of prewarn

prey
-anything, as goods, etc., taken or got by violence; anything taken by force from an enemy in war; spoil; booty; plunder.
-that which is or may be seized by animals or birds to be devoured; hence, a person given up as a victim.
-the act of devouring other creatures; ravage.
-to take booty; to gather spoil; to ravage; to take food by violence.

preyed
-of prey

preyer
-one who, or that which, preys; a plunderer; a waster; a devourer.

preyful
-disposed to take prey.
-rich in prey.

preying
-of prey

prezygapophyses
-of prezygapophysis

prezygapophysis
-an anterior zygapophysis.

prial
-a corruption of pair royal. see under pair, n.

prian
-a fine, white, somewhat friable clay; also, the ore contained in a mixture of clay and pebbles.

priapean
-a species of hexameter verse so constructed as to be divisible into two portions of three feet each, having generally a trochee in the first and the fourth foot, and an amphimacer in the third;
-- applied also to a regular hexameter verse when so constructed as to be divisible into two portions of three feet each.

priapism
-more or less permanent erection and rigidity of the penis, with or without sexual desire.

priapulacea
-a suborder of gephyraea, having a cylindrical body with a terminal anal opening, and usually with one or two caudal gills.

pricasour
-a hard rider.

price
-the sum or amount of money at which a thing is valued, or the value which a seller sets on his goods in market; that for which something is bought or sold, or offered for sale; equivalent in money or other means of exchange; current value or rate paid or demanded in market or in barter; cost.
-value; estimation; excellence; worth.
-reward; recompense; as, the price of industry.
-to pay the price of.
-to set a price on; to value. see prize.
-to ask the price of; as, to price eggs.

priced
-of price
-rated in price; valued; as, high
-priced goods; low
-priced labor.

priceite
-a hydrous borate of lime, from oregon.

priceless
-too valuable to admit of being appraised; of inestimable worth; invaluable.
-of no value; worthless.

pricing
-of price

prick
-that which pricks, penetrates, or punctures; a sharp and slender thing; a pointed instrument; a goad; a spur, etc.; a point; a skewer.
-the act of pricking, or the sensation of being pricked; a sharp, stinging pain; figuratively, remorse.
-a mark made by a pointed instrument; a puncture; a point.
-a point or mark on the dial, noting the hour.
-the point on a target at which an archer aims; the mark; the pin.
-a mark denoting degree; degree; pitch.
-a mathematical point;
-- regularly used in old english translations of euclid.
-the footprint of a hare.
-a small roll; as, a prick of spun yarn; a prick of tobacco.
-to pierce slightly with a sharp
-pointed instrument or substance; to make a puncture in, or to make by puncturing; to drive a fine point into; as, to prick one with a pin, needle, etc.; to prick a card; to prick holes in paper.
-to fix by the point; to attach or hang by puncturing; as, to prick a knife into a board.
-to mark or denote by a puncture; to designate by pricking; to choose; to mark;
-- sometimes with off.
-to mark the outline of by puncturing; to trace or form by pricking; to mark by punctured dots; as, to prick a pattern for embroidery; to prick the notes of a musical composition.
-to ride or guide with spurs; to spur; to goad; to incite; to urge on;
-- sometimes with on, or off.
-to affect with sharp pain; to sting, as with remorse.
-to make sharp; to erect into a point; to raise, as something pointed;
-- said especially of the ears of an animal, as a horse or dog; and usually followed by up;
-- hence, to prick up the ears, to listen sharply; to have the attention and interest strongly engaged.
-to render acid or pungent.
-to dress; to prink;
-- usually with up.
-to run a middle seam through, as the cloth of a sail.
-to trace on a chart, as a ship's course.
-to drive a nail into (a horse's foot), so as to cause lameness.
-to nick.
-to be punctured; to suffer or feel a sharp pain, as by puncture; as, a sore finger pricks.
-to spur onward; to ride on horseback.
-to become sharp or acid; to turn sour, as wine.
-to aim at a point or mark.

prick
-eared
-having erect, pointed ears;
-- said of certain dogs.

pricked
-of prick

pricker
-one who, or that which, pricks; a pointed instrument; a sharp point; a prickle.
-one who spurs forward; a light horseman.
-a priming wire; a priming needle,
-- used in blasting and gunnery.
-a small marline spike having generally a wooden handle,
-- used in sailmaking.

pricket
-a buck in his second year. see note under 3d buck.

pricking
-of prick
-the act of piercing or puncturing with a sharp point.
-the driving of a nail into a horse's foot so as to produce lameness.
-same as nicking.
-a sensation of being pricked.
-the mark or trace left by a hare's foot; a prick; also, the act of tracing a hare by its footmarks.
-dressing one's self for show; prinking.

pricking
-up
-the first coating of plaster in work of three coats upon laths. its surface is scratched once to form a better key for the next coat. in the united states called scratch coat.

prickle
-a little prick; a small, sharp point; a fine, sharp process or projection, as from the skin of an animal, the bark of a plant, etc.; a spine.
-a kind of willow basket;
-- a term still used in some branches of trade.
-a sieve of filberts,
-- about fifty pounds.
-to prick slightly, as with prickles, or fine, sharp points.

prickleback
-alt. of pricklefish

pricklefish
-the stickleback.

prickliness
-the quality of being prickly, or of having many prickles.

prickling
-prickly.

pricklouse
-a tailor;
-- so called in contempt.

prickly
-full of sharp points or prickles; armed or covered with prickles; as, a prickly shrub.

prickmadam
-a name given to several species of stonecrop, used as ingredients of vermifuge medicines. see stonecrop.

prickpunch
-a pointed steel punch, to prick a mark on metal.

prickshaft
-an arrow.

pricksong
-music written, or noted, with dots or points;
-- so called from the points or dots with which it is noted down.

prickwood
-a shrub (euonymus europaeus);
-- so named from the use of its wood for goads, skewers, and shoe pegs. called also spindle tree.

pricky
-stiff and sharp; prickly.

pride
-a small european lamprey (petromyzon branchialis);
-- called also prid, and sandpiper.
-the quality or state of being proud; inordinate self
-esteem; an unreasonable conceit of one's own superiority in talents, beauty, wealth, rank, etc., which manifests itself in lofty airs, distance, reserve, and often in contempt of others.
-a sense of one's own worth, and abhorrence of what is beneath or unworthy of one; lofty self
-respect; noble self
-esteem; elevation of character; dignified bearing; proud delight;
-- in a good sense.
-proud or disdainful behavior or treatment; insolence or arrogance of demeanor; haughty bearing and conduct; insolent exultation; disdain.
-that of which one is proud; that which excites boasting or self
-gratulation; the occasion or ground of self
-esteem, or of arrogant and presumptuous confidence, as beauty, ornament, noble character, children, etc.
-show; ostentation; glory.
-highest pitch; elevation reached; loftiness; prime; glory; as, to be in the pride of one's life.
-consciousness of power; fullness of animal spirits; mettle; wantonness; hence, lust; sexual desire; esp., an excitement of sexual appetite in a female beast.
-to indulge in pride, or self
-esteem; to rate highly; to plume;
-- used reflexively.
-to be proud; to glory.

prided
-of pride

prideful
-full of pride; haughty.

prideless
-without pride.

pridian
-of or pertaining to the day before, or yesterday.

priding
-of pride

pridingly
-proudly.

prie
-the plant privet.
-to pry.

pried
-imp. & p. p. of pry.
-of pry

priedieu
-a kneeling desk for prayers.

prief
-proof.

prier
-one who pries; one who inquires narrowly and searches, or is inquisitive.

priest
-a presbyter elder; a minister
-one who is authorized to consecrate the host and to say mass; but especially, one of the lowest order possessing this power.
-a presbyter; one who belongs to the intermediate order between bishop and deacon. he is authorized to perform all ministerial services except those of ordination and confirmation.
-one who officiates at the altar, or performs the rites of sacrifice; one who acts as a mediator between men and the divinity or the gods in any form of religion; as, buddhist priests.
-to ordain as priest.

priest
-ridden
-controlled or oppressed by priests; as, a priest
-ridden people.

priestcap
-a form of redan, so named from its shape;
-- called also swallowtail.

priestcraft
-priestly policy; the policy of a priesthood; esp., in an ill sense, fraud or imposition in religious concerns; management by priests to gain wealth and power by working upon the religious motives or credulity of others.

priestery
-priests, collectively; the priesthood;
-- so called in contempt.

priestess
-a woman who officiated in sacred rites among pagans.

priesthood
-the office or character of a priest; the priestly function.
-priests, taken collectively; the order of men set apart for sacred offices; the order of priests.

priesting
-the office of a priest.

priestism
-the influence, doctrines, principles, etc., of priests or the priesthood.

priestless
-without a priest.

priestlike
-priestly.

priestliness
-the quality or state of being priestly.

priestly
-of or pertaining to a priest or the priesthood; sacerdotal; befitting or becoming a priest; as, the priestly office; a priestly farewell.

prieve
-to prove.

prig
-to haggle about the price of a commodity; to bargain hard.
-to cheapen.
-to filch or steal; as, to prig a handkerchief.
-a pert, conceited, pragmatical fellow.
-a thief; a filcher.

prigged
-of prig

priggery
-priggism.

prigging
-of prig

priggish
-like a prig; conceited; pragmatical.

priggism
-the quality or state of being priggish; the manners of a prig.
-roguery; thievery.

prighte
-imp. of prick.

prigidity
-the condition or quality of being frigid; coldness; want of warmth.
-want of ardor, animation, vivacity, etc.; coldness of affection or of manner; dullness; stiffness and formality; as, frigidity of a reception, of a bow, etc.
-want of heat or vigor; as, the frigidity of old age.

prill
-the brill.
-to flow.
-a stream.
-a nugget of virgin metal.
-ore selected for excellence.
-the button of metal from an assay.

prillion
-tin extracted from the slag.

prim
-the privet.
-formal; precise; affectedly neat or nice; as, prim regularity; a prim person.
-to deck with great nicety; to arrange with affected preciseness; to prink.
-to dress or act smartly.

prima donna
-the first or chief female singer in an opera.

prima donnas
-of prima donna

prima facie
-at first view; on the first appearance.

primacy
-the state or condition of being prime or first, as in time, place, rank, etc., hence, excellency; supremacy.
-the office, rank, or character of a primate; the chief ecclesiastical station or dignity in a national church; the office or dignity of an archbishop; as, the primacy of england.

primage
-a charge in addition to the freight; originally, a gratuity to the captain for his particular care of the goods (sometimes called hat money), but now belonging to the owners or freighters of the vessel, unless by special agreement the whole or part is assigned to the captain.

primal
-first; primary; original; chief.

primality
-the quality or state of being primal.

primaries
-of primary

primarily
-in a primary manner; in the first place; in the first place; in the first intention; originally.

primariness
-the quality or state of being primary, or first in time, in act, or in intention.

primary
-first in order of time or development or in intention; primitive; fundamental; original.
-first in order, as being preparatory to something higher; as, primary assemblies; primary schools.
-first in dignity or importance; chief; principal; as, primary planets; a matter of primary importance.
-earliest formed; fundamental.
-illustrating, possessing, or characterized by, some quality or property in the first degree; having undergone the first stage of substitution or replacement.
-that which stands first in order, rank, or importance; a chief matter.
-a primary meeting; a caucus.
-one of the large feathers on the distal joint of a bird's wing. see plumage, and illust. of bird.
-a primary planet; the brighter component of a double star. see under planet.

primate
-the chief ecclesiastic in a national church; one who presides over other bishops in a province; an archbishop.
-one of the primates.

primates
-the highest order of mammals. it includes man, together with the apes and monkeys. cf. pitheci.

primateship
-the office, dignity, or position of a primate; primacy.

primatial
-primatical.

primatical
-of or pertaining to a primate.

prime
-first in order of time; original; primeval; primitive; primary.
-first in rank, degree, dignity, authority, or importance; as, prime minister.
-first in excellence; of highest quality; as, prime wheat; a prime quality of cloth.
-early; blooming; being in the first stage.
-lecherous; lustful; lewd.
-marked or distinguished by a mark (') called a prime mark.
-the first part; the earliest stage; the beginning or opening, as of the day, the year, etc.; hence, the dawn; the spring.
-the spring of life; youth; hence, full health, strength, or beauty; perfection.
-that which is first in quantity; the most excellent portion; the best part.
-the morning; specifically (r. c. ch.), the first canonical hour, succeeding to lauds.
-the first of the chief guards.
-any number expressing the combining weight or equivalent of any particular element;
-- so called because these numbers were respectively reduced to their lowest relative terms on the fixed standard of hydrogen as 1.
-a prime number. see under prime, a.
-an inch, as composed of twelve seconds in the duodecimal system;
-- denoted by [']. see 2d inch, n., 1.
-to apply priming to, as a musket or a cannon; to apply a primer to, as a metallic cartridge.
-to lay the first color, coating, or preparation upon (a surface), as in painting; as, to prime a canvas, a wall.
-to prepare; to make ready; to instruct beforehand; to post; to coach; as, to prime a witness; the boys are primed for mischief.
-to trim or prune, as trees.
-to mark with a prime mark.
-to be renewed, or as at first.
-to serve as priming for the charge of a gun.
-to work so that foaming occurs from too violent ebullition, which causes water to become mixed with, and be carried along with, the steam that is formed;
-- said of a steam boiler.

prime (#) donne (#)
-of prima donna

primed
-of prime

primely
-at first; primarily.
-in a prime manner; excellently.

primeness
-the quality or state of being first.
-the quality or state of being prime, or excellent.

primer
-one who, or that which, primes
-an instrument or device for priming; esp., a cap, tube, or water containing percussion powder or other compound for igniting a charge of gunpowder.
-first; original; primary.
-originally, a small prayer book for church service, containing the little office of the virgin mary; also, a work of elementary religious instruction.
-a small elementary book for teaching children to read; a reading or spelling book for a beginner.
-a kind of type, of which there are two species; one, called long primer, intermediate in size between bourgeois and small pica [see long primer]; the other, called great primer, larger than pica.

primero
-a game at cards, now unknown.

primerole
-see primrose.

primeval
-belonging to the first ages; pristine; original; primitive; primary; as, the primeval innocence of man.

primevally
-in a primeval manner; in or from the earliest times; originally.

primevous
-primeval.

primigenial
-first born, or first of all; original; primary. see primogenial.

primigenious
-alt. of primigenous

primigenous
-first formed or generated; original; primigenial.

primine
-the outermost of the two integuments of an ovule.

priming
-of prime
-the powder or other combustible used to communicate fire to a charge of gunpowder, as in a firearm.
-the first coating of color, size, or the like, laid on canvas, or on a building, or other surface.
-the carrying over of water, with the steam, from the boiler, as into the cylinder.

primipara
-a woman who bears a child for the first time.

primiparous
-belonging to a first birth; bearing young for the first time.

primipilar
-of or pertaining to the captain of the vanguard of a roman army.

primitia
-the first fruit; the first year's whole profit of an ecclesiastical preferment.

primitiae
-of primitia

primitial
-being of the first production; primitive; original.

primitias
-of primitia

primitive
-of or pertaining to the beginning or origin, or to early times; original; primordial; primeval; first; as, primitive innocence; the primitive church.
-of or pertaining to a former time; old
-fashioned; characterized by simplicity; as, a primitive style of dress.
-original; primary; radical; not derived; as, primitive verb in grammar.
-an original or primary word; a word not derived from another;
-- opposed to derivative.

primitively
-originally; at first.
-primarily; not derivatively.
-according to the original rule or ancient practice; in the ancient style.

primitiveness
-the quality or state of being primitive; conformity to primitive style or practice.

primity
-quality of being first; primitiveness.

primly
-in a prim or precise manner.

primmed
-of prim

primming
-of prim

primness
-the quality or state of being prim; affected formality or niceness; preciseness; stiffness.

primo
-first; chief.

primogenial
-first born, made, or generated; original; primary; elemental; as, primogenial light.

primogenitive
-of or pertaining to primogeniture.
-primogeniture.

primogenitor
-the first ancestor; a forefather.

primogeniture
-the state of being the firstborn of the same parents; seniority by birth among children of the same family.
-the exclusive right of inheritance which belongs to the eldest son. thus in england the right of inheriting the estate of the father belongs to the eldest son, and in the royal family the eldest son of the sovereign is entitled to the throne by primogeniture. in exceptional cases, among the female children, the crown descends by right of primogeniture to the eldest daughter only and her issue.

primogenitureship
-the state or privileges of the firstborn.

primordial
-first in order; primary; original; of earliest origin; as, primordial condition.
-of or pertaining to the lowest beds of the silurian age, corresponding to the acadian and potsdam periods in american geology. it is called also cambrian, and by many geologists is separated from the silurian.
-originally or earliest formed in the growth of an individual or organ; as, a primordial leaf; a primordial cell.
-a first principle or element.

primordialism
-devotion to, or persistence in, conditions of the primordial state.

primordially
-at the beginning; under the first order of things; originally.

primordian
-a name given to several kinds of plums; as, red primordian, amber primordian, etc.

primordiate
-primordial.

primp
-to be formal or affected in dress or manners;
-- often with up.

primrose
-an early flowering plant of the genus primula (p. vulgaris) closely allied to the cowslip. there are several varieties, as the white
-, the red
-, the yellow
-flowered, etc. formerly called also primerole, primerolles.
-any plant of the genus primula.
-of or pertaining to the primrose; of the color of a primrose;
-- hence, flowery; gay.

primula
-the genus of plants including the primrose (primula vera).

primulaceous
-of or pertaining to an order of herbaceous plants (primulaceae), of which the primrose is the type, and the pimpernel, the cyclamen, and the water violet are other examples.

primum mobile
-in the ptolemaic system, the outermost of the revolving concentric spheres constituting the universe, the motion of which was supposed to carry with it all the inclosed spheres with their planets in a daily revolution from east to west. see crystalline heavens, under crystalline.

primus
-one of the bishops of the episcopal church of scotland, who presides at the meetings of the bishops, and has certain privileges but no metropolitan authority.

primy
-being in its prime.

prince
-the one of highest rank; one holding the highest place and authority; a sovereign; a monarch;
-- originally applied to either sex, but now rarely applied to a female.
-the son of a king or emperor, or the issue of a royal family; as, princes of the blood.
-a title belonging to persons of high rank, differing in different countries. in england it belongs to dukes, marquises, and earls, but is given to members of the royal family only. in italy a prince is inferior to a duke as a member of a particular order of nobility; in spain he is always one of the royal family.
-the chief of any body of men; one at the head of a class or profession; one who is preeminent; as, a merchant prince; a prince of players.
-to play the prince.

princedom
-the jurisdiction, sovereignty, rank, or estate of a prince.

princehood
-princeliness.

princekin
-a petty prince; a princeling.

princeless
-without a prince.

princelet
-a petty prince.

princelike
-princely.

princeliness
-the quality of being princely; the state, manner, or dignity of a prince.

princeling
-a petty prince; a young prince.

princely
-of or relating to a prince; regal; royal; of highest rank or authority; as, princely birth, character, fortune, etc.
-suitable for, or becoming to, a prince; grand; august; munificent; magnificent; as, princely virtues; a princely fortune.
-in a princely manner.

princess
-a female prince; a woman having sovereign power, or the rank of a prince.
-the daughter of a sovereign; a female member of a royal family.
-the consort of a prince; as, the princess of wales.

princesse
-a term applied to a lady's long, close
-fitting dress made with waist and skirt in one.

princesslike
-like a princess.

princewood
-the wood of two small tropical american trees (hamelia ventricosa, and cordia gerascanthoides). it is brownish, veined with lighter color.

princified
-imitative of a prince.

principal
-highest in rank, authority, character, importance, or degree; most considerable or important; chief; main; as, the principal officers of a government; the principal men of a state; the principal productions of a country; the principal arguments in a case.
-of or pertaining to a prince; princely.
-a leader, chief, or head; one who takes the lead; one who acts independently, or who has controlling authority or influence; as, the principal of a faction, a school, a firm, etc.;
-- distinguished from a subordinate, abettor, auxiliary, or assistant.
-the chief actor in a crime, or an abettor who is present at it,
-- as distinguished from an accessory.
-a chief obligor, promisor, or debtor,
-- as distinguished from a surety.
-one who employs another to act for him,
-- as distinguished from an agent.
-a thing of chief or prime importance; something fundamental or especially conspicuous.
-a capital sum of money, placed out at interest, due as a debt or used as a fund;
-- so called in distinction from interest or profit.
-the construction which gives shape and strength to a roof,
-- generally a truss of timber or iron, but there are roofs with stone principals. also, loosely, the most important member of a piece of framing.
-in english organs the chief open metallic stop, an octave above the open diapason. on the manual it is four feet long, on the pedal eight feet. in germany this term corresponds to the english open diapason.
-a heirloom; a mortuary.
-the first two long feathers of a hawk's wing.
-one of turrets or pinnacles of waxwork and tapers with which the posts and center of a funeral hearse were formerly crowned.
-a principal or essential point or rule; a principle.

principalities
-of principality

principality
-sovereignty; supreme power; hence, superiority; predominance; high, or the highest, station.
-a prince; one invested with sovereignty.
-the territory or jurisdiction of a prince; or the country which gives title to a prince; as, the principality of wales.

principally
-in a principal manner; primarily; above all; chiefly; mainly.

principalness
-the quality of being principal.

principate
-principality; supreme rule.

principia
-first principles; fundamental beginnings; elements; as. newton's principia.

principial
-elementary.

principiant
-relating to principles or beginnings.

principiate
-to begin; to initiate.

principiation
-analysis into primary or elemental parts.

principle
-beginning; commencement.
-a source, or origin; that from which anything proceeds; fundamental substance or energy; primordial substance; ultimate element, or cause.
-an original faculty or endowment.
-a fundamental truth; a comprehensive law or doctrine, from which others are derived, or on which others are founded; a general truth; an elementary proposition; a maxim; an axiom; a postulate.
-a settled rule of action; a governing law of conduct; an opinion or belief which exercises a directing influence on the life and behavior; a rule (usually, a right rule) of conduct consistently directing one's actions; as, a person of no principle.
-any original inherent constituent which characterizes a substance, or gives it its essential properties, and which can usually be separated by analysis;
-- applied especially to drugs, plant extracts, etc.
-to equip with principles; to establish, or fix, in certain principles; to impress with any tenet, or rule of conduct, good or ill.

principled
-of principle

principling
-of principle

princock
-alt. of princox

princox
-a coxcomb; a pert boy.

prink
-to dress or adjust one's self for show; to prank.
-to prank or dress up; to deck fantastically.

prinked
-of prink

prinker
-one who prinks.

prinking
-of prink

prinpriddle
-the long
-tailed titmouse.

print
-to fix or impress, as a stamp, mark, character, idea, etc., into or upon something.
-to stamp something in or upon; to make an impression or mark upon by pressure, or as by pressure.
-to strike off an impression or impressions of, from type, or from stereotype, electrotype, or engraved plates, or the like; in a wider sense, to do the typesetting, presswork, etc., of (a book or other publication); as, to print books, newspapers, pictures; to print an edition of a book.
-to stamp or impress with colored figures or patterns; as, to print calico.
-to take (a copy, a positive picture, etc.), from a negative, a transparent drawing, or the like, by the action of light upon a sensitized surface.
-to use or practice the art of typography; to take impressions of letters, figures, or electrotypes, engraved plates, or the like.
-to publish a book or an article.
-a mark made by impression; a line, character, figure, or indentation, made by the pressure of one thing on another; as, the print of teeth or nails in flesh; the print of the foot in sand or snow.
-a stamp or die for molding or impressing an ornamental design upon an object; as, a butter print.
-that which receives an impression, as from a stamp or mold; as, a print of butter.
-printed letters; the impression taken from type, as to excellence, form, size, etc.; as, small print; large print; this line is in print.
-that which is produced by printing.
-an impression taken from anything, as from an engraved plate.
-a printed publication, more especially a newspaper or other periodical.
-a printed cloth; a fabric figured by stamping, especially calico or cotton cloth.
-a photographic copy, or positive picture, on prepared paper, as from a negative, or from a drawing on transparent paper.
-a core print. see under core.

printa
-ble
-worthy to be published.

printed
-of print

printer
-one who prints; especially, one who prints books, newspapers, engravings, etc., a compositor; a typesetter; a pressman.

printery
-a place where cloth is printed; print works; also, a printing office.

printing
-of print
-the act, art, or practice of impressing letters, characters, or figures on paper, cloth, or other material; the business of a printer, including typesetting and presswork, with their adjuncts; typography; also, the act of producing photographic prints.

printless
-making no imprint.
-making no imprint.

printshop
-a shop where prints are sold.

prior
-preceding in the order of time; former; antecedent; anterior; previous; as, a prior discovery; prior obligation;
-- used elliptically in cases like the following: he lived alone [in the time] prior to his marriage.
-the superior of a priory, and next below an abbot in dignity.

priorate
-the dignity, office, or government, of a prior.

prioress
-a lady superior of a priory of nuns, and next in dignity to an abbess.

priories
-of priory

priority
-the quality or state of being prior or antecedent in time, or of preceding something else; as, priority of application.
-precedence; superior rank.

priorly
-previously.

priorship
-the state or office of prior; priorate.

priory
-a religious house presided over by a prior or prioress;
-- sometimes an offshoot of, an subordinate to, an abbey, and called also cell, and obedience. see cell, 2.

pris
-see price, and 1st prize.

prisage
-a right belonging to the crown of england, of taking two tuns of wine from every ship importing twenty tuns or more,
-- one before and one behind the mast. by charter of edward i. butlerage was substituted for this.
-the share of merchandise taken as lawful prize at sea which belongs to the king or admiral.

priscillianist
-a follower of priscillian, bishop of avila in spain, in the fourth century, who mixed various elements of gnosticism and manicheism with christianity.

prise
-an enterprise.
-see prize, n., 5. also prize, v. t.

priser
-see 1st prizer.

prism
-a solid whose bases or ends are any similar, equal, and parallel plane figures, and whose sides are parallelograms.
-a transparent body, with usually three rectangular plane faces or sides, and two equal and parallel triangular ends or bases;
-- used in experiments on refraction, dispersion, etc.
-a form the planes of which are parallel to the vertical axis. see form, n., 13.

prismatic
-alt. of prismatical

prismatical
-resembling, or pertaining to, a prism; as, a prismatic form or cleavage.
-separated or distributed by a prism; formed by a prism; as, prismatic colors.
-same as orthorhombic.

prismatically
-in the form or manner of a prism; by means of a prism.

prismatoidal
-having a prismlike form.

prismoid
-a body that approaches to the form of a prism.

prismoidal
-having the form of a prismoid; as, prismoidal solids.

prismy
-pertaining to a prism.

prison
-a place where persons are confined, or restrained of personal liberty; hence, a place or state o/ confinement, restraint, or safe custody.
-specifically, a building for the safe custody or confinement of criminals and others committed by lawful authority.
-to imprison; to shut up in, or as in, a prison; to confine; to restrain from liberty.
-to bind (together); to enchain.

prisoned
-of prison

prisoner
-one who is confined in a prison.
-a person under arrest, or in custody, whether in prison or not; a person held in involuntary restraint; a captive; as, a prisoner at the bar of a court.

prisoning
-of prison

prisonment
-imprisonment.

pristinate
-pristine; primitive.

pristine
-belonging to the earliest period or state; original; primitive; primeval; as, the pristine state of innocence; the pristine manners of a people; pristine vigor.

pritch
-a sharp
-pointed instrument; also, an eelspear.
-pique; offense.

pritchel
-a tool employed by blacksmiths for punching or enlarging the nail holes in a horseshoe.

prithee
-a corruption of pray thee; as, i prithee; generally used without i.

prittle
-prattle
-empty talk; trifling loquacity; prattle;
-- used in contempt or ridicule.

privacies
-of privacy

privacy
-the state of being in retirement from the company or observation of others; seclusion.
-a place of seclusion from company or observation; retreat; solitude; retirement.
-concealment of what is said or done.
-a private matter; a secret.
-see privity, 2.

privado
-a private friend; a confidential friend; a confidant.

private
-belonging to, or concerning, an individual person, company, or interest; peculiar to one's self; unconnected with others; personal; one's own; not public; not general; separate; as, a man's private opinion; private property; a private purse; private expenses or interests; a private secretary.
-sequestered from company or observation; appropriated to an individual; secret; secluded; lonely; solitary; as, a private room or apartment; private prayer.
-not invested with, or engaged in, public office or employment; as, a private citizen; private life.
-not publicly known; not open; secret; as, a private negotiation; a private understanding.
-having secret or private knowledge; privy.
-a secret message; a personal unofficial communication.
-personal interest; particular business.
-privacy; retirement.
-one not invested with a public office.
-a common soldier; a soldier below the grade of a noncommissioned officer.
-the private parts; the genitals.

privateer
-an armed private vessel which bears the commission of the sovereign power to cruise against the enemy. see letters of marque, under marque.
-the commander of a privateer.
-to cruise in a privateer.

privateered
-of privateer

privateering
-of privateer
-cruising in a privateer.

privateersman
-an officer or seaman of a privateer.

privateersmen
-of privateersman

privately
-in a private manner; not openly; without the presence of others.
-in a manner affecting an individual; personally not officially; as, he is not privately benefited.

privateness
-seclusion from company or society; retirement; privacy; secrecy.
-the state of one not invested with public office.

privation
-the act of depriving, or taking away; hence, the depriving of rank or office; degradation in rank; deprivation.
-the state of being deprived or destitute of something, especially of something required or desired; destitution; need; as, to undergo severe privations.
-the condition of being absent; absence; negation.

privative
-causing privation; depriving.
-consisting in the absence of something; not positive; negative.
-implying privation or negation; giving a negative force to a word; as, alpha privative; privative particles;
-- applied to such prefixes and suffixes as a
- (gr. /), un
-, non
-,
-less.
-that of which the essence is the absence of something.
-a term indicating the absence of any quality which might be naturally or rationally expected;
-- called also privative term.
-a privative prefix or suffix. see privative, a., 3.

privatively
-in a privative manner; by the absence of something; negatively.

privativeness
-the state of being privative.

privet
-an ornamental european shrub (ligustrum vulgare), much used in hedges;
-- called also prim.

privies
-of privy

privilege
-a peculiar benefit, advantage, or favor; a right or immunity not enjoyed by others or by all; special enjoyment of a good, or exemption from an evil or burden; a prerogative; advantage; franchise.
-see call, put, spread, etc.
-to grant some particular right or exemption to; to invest with a peculiar right or immunity; to authorize; as, to privilege representatives from arrest.
-to bring or put into a condition of privilege or exemption from evil or danger; to exempt; to deliver.

privileged
-of privilege
-invested with a privilege; enjoying a peculiar right, advantage, or immunity.

privileging
-of privilege

privily
-in a privy manner; privately; secretly.

privities
-of privity

privity
-privacy; secrecy; confidence.
-private knowledge; joint knowledge with another of a private concern; cognizance implying consent or concurrence.
-a private matter or business; a secret.
-the genitals; the privates.
-a connection, or bond of union, between parties, as to some particular transaction; mutual or successive relationship to the same rights of property.

privy
-of or pertaining to some person exclusively; assigned to private uses; not public; private; as, the privy purse.
-secret; clandestine.
-appropriated to retirement; private; not open to the public.
-admitted to knowledge of a secret transaction; secretly cognizant; privately knowing.
-a partaker; a person having an interest in any action or thing; one who has an interest in an estate created by another; a person having an interest derived from a contract or conveyance to which he is not himself a party. the term, in its proper sense, is distinguished from party.
-a necessary house or place; a backhouse.

prizable
-valuable.

prize
-that which is taken from another; something captured; a thing seized by force, stratagem, or superior power.
-anything captured by a belligerent using the rights of war; esp., property captured at sea in virtue of the rights of war, as a vessel.
-an honor or reward striven for in a competitive contest; anything offered to be competed for, or as an inducement to, or reward of, effort.
-that which may be won by chance, as in a lottery.
-anything worth striving for; a valuable possession held or in prospect.
-a contest for a reward; competition.
-a lever; a pry; also, the hold of a lever.
-to move with a lever; to force up or open; to pry.
-to set or estimate the value of; to appraise; to price; to rate.
-to value highly; to estimate to be of great worth; to esteem.
-estimation; valuation.

prized
-of prize

prizeman
-the winner of a prize.

prizemen
-of prizeman

prizer
-one who estimates or sets the value of a thing; an appraiser.
-one who contends for a prize; a prize fighter; a challenger.

prizing
-of prize
-the application of a lever to move any weighty body, as a cask, anchor, cannon, car, etc. see prize, n., 5.

pro
-a latin preposition signifying for, before, forth.
-for, on, or in behalf of, the affirmative side;
-- in contrast with con.

pro rata
-in proportion; proportionately; according to the share, interest, or liability of each.

pro thyalosoma
-the investing portion, or spherical envelope, surrounding the eccentric germinal spot of the germinal vesicle.

pro
-
-a prefix signifying before, in front, forth, for, in behalf of, in place of, according to; as, propose, to place before; proceed, to go before or forward; project, to throw forward; prologue, part spoken before (the main piece); propel, prognathous; provide, to look out for; pronoun, a word instead of a noun; proconsul, a person acting in place of a consul; proportion, arrangement according to parts.

proa
-a sailing canoe of the ladrone islands and malay archipelago, having its lee side flat and its weather side like that of an ordinary boat. the ends are alike. the canoe is long and narrow, and is kept from overturning by a cigar
-shaped log attached to a frame extending several feet to windward. it has been called the flying proa, and is the swiftest sailing craft known.

proach
-see approach.

proant
-provender or food.

proatlas
-a vertebral rudiment in front of the atlas in some reptiles.

probabiliorism
-the doctrine of the probabiliorists.

probabiliorist
-one who holds, in opposition to the probabilists, that a man is bound to do that which is most probably right.

probabilism
-the doctrine of the probabilists.

probabilist
-one who maintains that certainty is impossible, and that probability alone is to govern our faith and actions.
-one who maintains that a man may do that which has a probability of being right, or which is inculcated by teachers of authority, although other opinions may seem to him still more probable.

probabilities
-of probability

probability
-the quality or state of being probable; appearance of reality or truth; reasonable ground of presumption; likelihood.
-that which is or appears probable; anything that has the appearance of reality or truth.
-likelihood of the occurrence of any event in the doctrine of chances, or the ratio of the number of favorable chances to the whole number of chances, favorable and unfavorable. see 1st chance, n., 5.

probable
-capable of being proved.
-having more evidence for than against; supported by evidence which inclines the mind to believe, but leaves some room for doubt; likely.
-rendering probable; supporting, or giving ground for, belief, but not demonstrating; as, probable evidence; probable presumption.

probably
-in a probable manner; in likelihood.

probacy
-proof; trial.

probal
-approved; probable.

probality
-probability.

probang
-a slender elastic rod, as of whalebone, with a sponge on the end, for removing obstructions from the esophagus, etc.

probate
-proof.
-official proof; especially, the proof before a competent officer or tribunal that an instrument offered, purporting to be the last will and testament of a person deceased, is indeed his lawful act; the copy of a will proved, under the seal of the court of probate, delivered to the executors with a certificate of its having been proved.
-the right or jurisdiction of proving wills.
-of or belonging to a probate, or court of probate; as, a probate record.
-to obtain the official approval of, as of an instrument purporting to be the last will and testament; as, the executor has probated the will.

probation
-the act of proving; also, that which proves anything; proof.
-any proceeding designed to ascertain truth, to determine character, qualification, etc.; examination; trial; as, to engage a person on probation.
-the novitiate which a person must pass in a convent, to probe his or her virtue and ability to bear the severities of the rule.
-the trial of a ministerial candidate's qualifications prior to his ordination, or to his settlement as a pastor.
-moral trial; the state of man in the present life, in which he has the opportunity of proving his character, and becoming qualified for a happier state.

probational
-probationary.

probationary
-of or pertaining to probation; serving for trial.

probationer
-one who is undergoing probation; one who is on trial; a novice.
-a student in divinity, who, having received certificates of good morals and qualifications from his university, is admitted to several trials by a presbytery, and, on acquitting himself well, is licensed to preach.

probationership
-the state of being a probationer; novitiate.

probationship
-a state of probation.

probative
-serving for trial or proof; probationary; as, probative judgments; probative evidence.

probator
-an examiner; an approver.
-one who, when indicted for crime, confessed it, and accused others, his accomplices, in order to obtain pardon; a state's evidence.

probatory
-serving for trial; probationary.
-pertaining to, or serving for, proof.

probe
-to examine, as a wound, an ulcer, or some cavity of the body, with a probe.
-fig.: to search to the bottom; to scrutinize or examine thoroughly.
-an instrument for examining the depth or other circumstances of a wound, ulcer, or cavity, or the direction of a sinus, of for exploring for bullets, for stones in the bladder, etc.

probe
-pointed
-having a blunt or button
-shaped extremity;
-- said of cutting instruments.

probeagle
-see porbeagle.

probed
-of probe

probing
-of probe

probity
-tried virtue or integrity; approved moral excellence; honesty; rectitude; uprightness.

problem
-a question proposed for solution; a matter stated for examination or proof; hence, a matter difficult of solution or settlement; a doubtful case; a question involving doubt.
-anything which is required to be done; as, in geometry, to bisect a line, to draw a perpendicular; or, in algebra, to find an unknown quantity.

problematic
-alt. of problematical

problematical
-having the nature of a problem; not shown in fact; questionable; uncertain; unsettled; doubtful.

problematist
-one who proposes problems.

problematize
-to propose problems.

proboscidate
-having a proboscis; proboscidial.

proboscidea
-an order of large mammals including the elephants and mastodons.

proboscidean
-proboscidian.

proboscides
-of proboscis

proboscidial
-proboscidate.

proboscidian
-pertaining to the proboscidea.
-one of the proboscidea.

proboscidifera
-an extensive division of pectinibranchiate gastropods, including those that have a long retractile proboscis, with the mouth at the end, as the cones, whelks, tritons, and cowries. see illust. of gastropoda, and of winkle.
-a subdivision of the taenioglossate gastropods, including the fig
-shells (pyrula), the helmet shells (cassis), the tritons, and allied genera.

proboscidiform
-having the form or uses of a proboscis; as, a proboscidiform mouth.

proboscis
-a hollow organ or tube attached to the head, or connected with the mouth, of various animals, and generally used in taking food or drink; a snout; a trunk.
-by extension, applied to various tubelike mouth organs of the lower animals that can be everted or protruded.
-the nose.

procacious
-pert; petulant; forward; saucy.

procacity
-forwardness; pertness; petulance.

procambium
-the young tissue of a fibrovascular bundle before its component cells have begun to be differentiated.

procatarctic
-beginning; predisposing; exciting; initial.

procatarxis
-the kindling of a disease into action; also, the procatarctic cause.

procedendo
-a writ by which a cause which has been removed on insufficient grounds from an inferior to a superior court by certiorari, or otherwise, is sent down again to the same court, to be proceeded in there.
-in english practice, a writ issuing out of chancery in cases where the judges of subordinate courts delay giving judgment, commanding them to proceed to judgment.
-a writ by which the commission of the justice of the peace is revived, after having been suspended.

procedure
-the act or manner of proceeding or moving forward; progress; process; operation; conduct.
-a step taken; an act performed; a proceeding; the steps taken in an action or other legal proceeding.
-that which results; issue; product.

proceed
-to move, pass, or go forward or onward; to advance; to continue or renew motion begun; as, to proceed on a journey.
-to pass from one point, topic, or stage, to another; as, to proceed with a story or argument.
-to issue or come forth as from a source or origin; to come from; as, light proceeds from the sun.
-to go on in an orderly or regulated manner; to begin and carry on a series of acts or measures; to act by method; to prosecute a design.
-to be transacted; to take place; to occur.
-to have application or effect; to operate.
-to begin and carry on a legal process.
-see proceeds.

proceeded
-of proceed

proceeder
-one who proceeds.

proceeding
-of proceed
-the act of one who proceeds, or who prosecutes a design or transaction; progress or movement from one thing to another; a measure or step taken in a course of business; a transaction; as, an illegal proceeding; a cautious or a violent proceeding.
-the course of procedure in the prosecution of an action at law.

proceeds
-that which comes forth or results; effect; yield; issue; product; sum accruing from a sale, etc.

proceleusmatic
-inciting; animating; encouraging.
-consisting of four short syllables; composed of feet of four short syllables each.
-a foot consisting of four short syllables.

procellarian
-one of a family of oceanic birds (procellaridae) including the petrels, fulmars, and shearwaters. they are often seen in great abundance in stormy weather.

procellous
-stormy.

procephalic
-pertaining to, or forming, the front of the head.

proception
-preoccupation.

procere
-of high stature; tall.

procerebrum
-the prosencephalon.

proceres
-an order of large birds; the ratitae;
-- called also proceri.

procerite
-the segment next to the flagellum of the antennae of crustacea.

procerity
-height of stature; tallness.

proces verbal
-an authentic minute of an official act, or statement of facts.

process
-the act of proceeding; continued forward movement; procedure; progress; advance.
-a series of actions, motions, or occurrences; progressive act or transaction; continuous operation; normal or actual course or procedure; regular proceeding; as, the process of vegetation or decomposition; a chemical process; processes of nature.
-a statement of events; a narrative.
-any marked prominence or projecting part, especially of a bone; anapophysis.
-the whole course of proceedings in a cause real or personal, civil or criminal, from the beginning to the end of the suit; strictly, the means used for bringing the defendant into court to answer to the action;
-- a generic term for writs of the class called judicial.

procession
-the act of proceeding, moving on, advancing, or issuing; regular, orderly, or ceremonious progress; continuous course.
-that which is moving onward in an orderly, stately, or solemn manner; a train of persons advancing in order; a ceremonious train; a retinue; as, a procession of mourners; the lord mayor's procession.
-an orderly and ceremonial progress of persons, either from the sacristy to the choir, or from the choir around the church, within or without.
-an old term for litanies which were said in procession and not kneeling.
-to ascertain, mark, and establish the boundary lines of, as lands.
-to march in procession.
-to honor with a procession.

processional
-of or pertaining to a procession; consisting in a procession.
-a service book relating to ecclesiastical processions.
-a hymn, or other selection, sung during a church procession; as, the processional was the 202d hymn.

processionalist
-one who goes or marches in a procession.

processionary
-pertaining to a procession; consisting in processions; as, processionary service.

processioner
-one who takes part in a procession.
-a manual of processions; a processional.
-an officer appointed to procession lands.

processioning
-a proceeding prescribed by statute for ascertaining and fixing the boundaries of land. see 2d procession.

processive
-proceeding; advancing.

prochein
-next; nearest.

prochordal
-situated in front of the notochord;
-- applied especially to parts of the cartilaginous rudiments in the base of the skull.

prochronism
-the dating of an event before the time it happened; an antedating;
-- opposed to metachronism.

prochronize
-to antedate.

procidence
-alt. of procidentia

procidentia
-a falling down; a prolapsus.

prociduous
-falling from its proper place.

procinct
-a state of complete readiness for action.

proclaim
-to make known by public announcement; to give wide publicity to; to publish abroad; to promulgate; to declare; as, to proclaim war or peace.
-to outlaw by public proclamation.

proclaimed
-of proclaim

proclaimer
-one who proclaims.

proclaiming
-of proclaim

proclamation
-the act of proclaiming; official or general notice; publication.
-that which is proclaimed, publicly announced, or officially declared; a published ordinance; as, the proclamation of a king; a thanksgiving proclamation.

proclitic
-leaning forward;
-- said of certain monosyllabic words which are so closely attached to the following word as not to have a separate accent.

proclive
-having a tendency by nature; prone; proclivous.

proclivity
-inclination; propensity; proneness; tendency.
-readiness; facility; aptitude.

proclivous
-inclined; tending by nature.
-having the incisor teeth directed forward.

procoele
-a lateral cavity of the prosencephalon; a lateral ventricle of the brain.

procoelia
-same as procoele.
-a division of crocodilia, including the true crocodiles and alligators, in which the dorsal vertebrae are concave in front.

procoeliae
-of procoelia

procoelian
-concave in front; as, procoelian vertebrae, which have the anterior end of the centra concave and the posterior convex.
-a reptile having procoelian vertebrae; one of the procoelia.

procoelous
-same as procoelian.

proconsul
-an officer who discharged the duties of a consul without being himself consul; a governor of, or a military commander in, a province. he was usually one who had previously been consul.

proconsular
-alt. of proconsulary

proconsulary
-of or pertaining of a proconsul; as, proconsular powers.
-under the government of a proconsul; as, a proconsular province.

proconsulate
-the office jurisdiction of a proconsul, or the term of his office.

proconsulship
-proconsulate.

procrastinate
-to put off till to
-morrow, or from day to day; to defer; to postpone; to delay; as, to procrastinate repentance.
-to delay; to be dilatory.

procrastinated
-of procrastinate

procrastinating
-of procrastinate

procrastination
-the act or habit of procrastinating, or putting off to a future time; delay; dilatoriness.

procrastinator
-one who procrastinates, or defers the performance of anything.

procrastinatory
-of or pertaining to procrastination; dilatory.

procrastine
-to procrastinate.

procreant
-generating; producing; productive; fruitful; assisting in procreation.
-one who, or that which, procreates.

procreate
-to generate and produce; to beget; to engender.

procreated
-of procreate

procreating
-of procreate

procreation
-the act of begetting; generation and production of young.

procreative
-having the power to beget; generative.

procreativeness
-the power of generating.

procreator
-one who begets; a father or sire; a generator.

procris
-any species of small moths of the genus procris. the larvae of some species injure the grapevine by feeding in groups upon the leaves.

procrustean
-of or pertaining to procrustes, or the mode of torture practiced by him; producing conformity by violent means; as, the procrustean treatment; a procrustean limit. see procrustes.

procrusteanize
-to stretch or contract according to some rule or standard.

procrusteanized
-of procrusteanize

procrusteanizing
-of procrusteanize

procrustes
-a celebrated legendary highwayman of attica, who tied his victims upon an iron bed, and, as the case required, either stretched or cut of their legs to adapt them to its length;
-- whence the metaphorical phrase, the bed of procrustes.

procrustesian
-see procrustean.

proctitis
-inflammation of the rectum.

proctocele
-inversion and prolapse of the mucous coat of the rectum, from relaxation of the sphincter, with more or less swelling; prolapsus ani.

proctodaeum
-see mesenteron.

proctor
-one who is employed to manage to affairs of another.
-a person appointed to collect alms for those who could not go out to beg for themselves, as lepers, the bedridden, etc.; hence a beggar.
-an officer employed in admiralty and ecclesiastical causes. he answers to an attorney at common law, or to a solicitor in equity.
-a representative of the clergy in convocation.
-an officer in a university or college whose duty it is to enforce obedience to the laws of the institution.
-to act as a proctor toward; to manage as an attorney or agent.

proctorage
-management by a proctor, or as by a proctor; hence, control; superintendence;
-- in contempt.

proctorial
-of or pertaining to a proctor, esp. an academic proctor; magisterial.

proctorical
-proctorial.

proctorship
-the office or dignity of a proctor; also, the term of his office.

proctotomy
-an incision into the rectum, as for the division of a stricture.

proctucha
-a division of turbellaria including those that have an intestine terminating posteriorly.
-the nemertina.

procumbent
-lying down, or on the face; prone.
-lying on the ground, but without putting forth roots; trailing; prostrate; as, a procumbent stem.

procurable
-capable of being procured; obtainable.

procuracies
-of procuracy

procuracy
-the office or act of a proctor or procurator; management for another.
-authority to act for another; a proxy.

procuration
-the act of procuring; procurement.
-the management of another's affairs.
-the instrument by which a person is empowered to transact the affairs of another; a proxy.
-a sum of money paid formerly to the bishop or archdeacon, now to the ecclesiastical commissioners, by an incumbent, as a commutation for entertainment at the time of visitation;
-- called also proxy.

procurator
-one who manages another's affairs, either generally or in a special matter; an agent; a proctor.
-a governor of a province under the emperors; also, one who had charge of the imperial revenues in a province; as, the procurator of judea.

procuratorial
-of or pertaining to a procurator, or proctor; made by a proctor.

procuratorship
-the office or term of a procurator.

procuratory
-tending to, or authorizing, procuration.

procure
-to bring into possession; to cause to accrue to, or to come into possession of; to acquire or provide for one's self or for another; to gain; to get; to obtain by any means, as by purchase or loan.
-to contrive; to bring about; to effect; to cause.
-to solicit; to entreat.
-to cause to come; to bring; to attract.
-to obtain for illicit intercourse or prostitution.
-to pimp.
-to manage business for another in court.

procured
-of procure

procurement
-the act of procuring or obtaining; obtainment; attainment.
-efficient contrivance; management; agency.

procurer
-one who procures, or obtains; one who, or that which, brings on, or causes to be done, esp. by corrupt means.
-one who procures the gratification of lust for another; a pimp; a pander.

procuress
-a female procurer, or pander.

procuring
-of procure

procyon
-a star of the first magnitude in the constellation canis minor, or the little dog.
-a genus of mammals including the raccoon.

prod
-a pointed instrument for pricking or puncturing, as a goad, an awl, a skewer, etc.
-a prick or stab which a pointed instrument.
-a light kind of crossbow;
-- in the sense, often spelled prodd.
-to thrust some pointed instrument into; to prick with something sharp; as, to prod a soldier with a bayonet; to prod oxen; hence, to goad, to incite, to worry; as, to prod a student.

prodd
-a crossbow. see prod, 3.

prodded
-of prod

prodding
-of prod

prodigal
-given to extravagant expenditure; expending money or other things without necessity; recklessly or viciously profuse; lavish; wasteful; not frugal or economical; as, a prodigal man; the prodigal son; prodigal giving; prodigal expenses.
-one who expends money extravagantly, viciously, or without necessity; one that is profuse or lavish in any expenditure; a waster; a spendthrift.

prodigality
-extravagance in expenditure, particularly of money; excessive liberality; profusion; waste;
-- opposed to frugality, economy, and parsimony.

prodigalize
-to act as a prodigal; to spend liberally.
-to expend lavishly.

prodigally
-in a prodigal manner; with profusion of expense; extravagantly; wasteful; profusely; lavishly; as, an estate prodigally dissipated.

prodigate
-to squander.

prodigence
-waste; profusion; prodigality.

prodigies
-of prodigy

prodigious
-of the nature of a prodigy; marvelous; wonderful; portentous.
-extraordinary in bulk, extent, quantity, or degree; very great; vast; huge; immense; as, a prodigious mountain; a prodigious creature; a prodigious blunder.

prodigiously
-enormously; wonderfully; astonishingly; as, prodigiously great.
-very much; extremely; as, he was prodigiously pleased.

prodigiousness
-the quality or state of being prodigious; the state of having qualities that excite wonder or astonishment; enormousness; vastness.

prodigy
-something extraordinary, or out of the usual course of nature, from which omens are drawn; a portent; as, eclipses and meteors were anciently deemed prodigies.
-anything so extraordinary as to excite wonder or astonishment; a marvel; as, a prodigy of learning.
-a production out of ordinary course of nature; an abnormal development; a monster.

prodition
-disclosure; treachery; treason.

proditorious
-treacherous; perfidious; traitorous.
-apt to make unexpected revelations.

proditory
-treacherous.

prodromal
-of or pertaining to prodromes; as, the prodromal stage of a disease.

prodrome
-a forerunner; a precursor.

prodromous
-precursory.

prodromus
-a prodrome.
-a preliminary course or publication;
-- used esp. in the titles of elementary works.

produce
-to bring forward; to lead forth; to offer to view or notice; to exhibit; to show; as, to produce a witness or evidence in court.
-to bring forth, as young, or as a natural product or growth; to give birth to; to bear; to generate; to propagate; to yield; to furnish; as, the earth produces grass; trees produce fruit; the clouds produce rain.
-to cause to be or to happen; to originate, as an effect or result; to bring about; as, disease produces pain; vice produces misery.
-to give being or form to; to manufacture; to make; as, a manufacturer produces excellent wares.
-to yield or furnish; to gain; as, money at interest produces an income; capital produces profit.
-to draw out; to extend; to lengthen; to prolong; as, to produce a man's life to threescore.
-to extend;
-- applied to a line, surface, or solid; as, to produce a side of a triangle.
-to yield or furnish appropriate offspring, crops, effects, consequences, or results.
-that which is produced, brought forth, or yielded; product; yield; proceeds; result of labor, especially of agricultural labors
-agricultural products.

produced
-of produce

producement
-production.

producent
-one who produces, or offers to notice.

producer
-one who produces, brings forth, or generates.
-one who grows agricultural products, or manufactures crude materials into articles of use.
-a furnace for producing combustible gas which is used for fuel.

producibility
-the quality or state of being producible.

producible
-capable of being produced, brought forward, brought forth, generated, made, or extended.

producing
-of produce

product
-anything that is produced, whether as the result of generation, growth, labor, or thought, or by the operation of involuntary causes; as, the products of the season, or of the farm; the products of manufactures; the products of the brain.
-the number or sum obtained by adding one number or quantity to itself as many times as there are units in another number; the number resulting from the multiplication of two or more numbers; as, the product of the multiplication of 7 by 5 is 35. in general, the result of any kind of multiplication. see the note under multiplication.
-to produce; to bring forward.
-to lengthen out; to extend.
-to produce; to make.

productibility
-the state of being productible; producibility.

productible
-capable of being produced; producible.

productile
-capable of being extended or prolonged; extensible; ductile.

production
-the act or process or producing, bringing forth, or exhibiting to view; as, the production of commodities, of a witness.
-that which is produced, yielded, or made, whether naturally, or by the application of intelligence and labor; as, the productions of the earth; the productions of handicraft; the productions of intellect or genius.
-the act of lengthening out or prolonging.

productive
-having the quality or power of producing; yielding or furnishing results; as, productive soil; productive enterprises; productive labor, that which increases the number or amount of products.
-bringing into being; causing to exist; producing; originative; as, an age productive of great men; a spirit productive of heroic achievements.
-producing, or able to produce, in large measure; fertile; profitable.

productivity
-the quality or state of being productive; productiveness.

productress
-a female producer.

productus
-an extinct genus of brachiopods, very characteristic of the carboniferous rocks.

proeguminal
-serving to predispose; predisposing; as, a proeguminal cause of disease.

proem
-preface; introduction; preliminary observations; prelude.
-to preface.

proembryo
-the series of cells formed in the ovule of a flowering plant after fertilization, but before the formation of the embryo.
-the primary growth from the spore in certain cryptogamous plants; as, the proembryo, or protonema, of mosses.

proemial
-introductory; prefatory; preliminary.

proemptosis
-the addition of a day to the lunar calendar.

proface
-much good may it do you!
-- a familiar salutation or welcome.

profanate
-to profane.

profanation
-the act of violating sacred things, or of treating them with contempt or irreverence; irreverent or too familiar treatment or use of what is sacred; desecration; as, the profanation of the sabbath; the profanation of a sanctuary; the profanation of the name of god.
-the act of treating with abuse or disrespect, or with undue publicity, or lack of delicacy.

profane
-not sacred or holy; not possessing peculiar sanctity; unconsecrated; hence, relating to matters other than sacred; secular;
-- opposed to sacred, religious, or inspired; as, a profane place.
-unclean; impure; polluted; unholy.
-treating sacred things with contempt, disrespect, irreverence, or undue familiarity; irreverent; impious.
-irreverent in language; taking the name of god in vain; given to swearing; blasphemous; as, a profane person, word, oath, or tongue.
-to violate, as anything sacred; to treat with abuse, irreverence, obloquy, or contempt; to desecrate; to pollute; as, to profane the name of god; to profane the scriptures, or the ordinance of god.
-to put to a wrong or unworthy use; to make a base employment of; to debase; to abuse; to defile.

profaned
-of profane

profanely
-in a profane manner.

profaneness
-the quality or state of being profane; especially, the use of profane language.

profaner
-one who treats sacred things with irreverence, or defiles what is holy; one who uses profane language.

profaning
-of profane

profanity
-the quality or state of being profane; profaneness; irreverence; esp., the use of profane language; blasphemy.
-that which is profane; profane language or acts.

profection
-a setting out; a going forward; advance; progression.

profectitious
-proceeding from, as from a parent; derived, as from an ancestor.

profert
-the exhibition or production of a record or paper in open court, or an allegation that it is in court.

profess
-to make open declaration of, as of one's knowledge, belief, action, etc.; to avow or acknowledge; to confess publicly; to own or admit freely.
-to set up a claim to; to make presence to; hence, to put on or present an appearance of.
-to present to knowledge of, to proclaim one's self versed in; to make one's self a teacher or practitioner of, to set up as an authority respecting; to declare (one's self to be such); as, he professes surgery; to profess one's self a physician.
-to take a profession upon one's self by a public declaration; to confess.
-to declare friendship.

professed
-of profess

professedly
-by profession.

professing
-of profess

profession
-the act of professing or claiming; open declaration; public avowal or acknowledgment; as, professions of friendship; a profession of faith.
-that which one professed; a declaration; an avowal; a claim; as, his professions are insincere.
-that of which one professed knowledge; the occupation, if not mechanical, agricultural, or the like, to which one devotes one's self; the business which one professes to understand, and to follow for subsistence; calling; vocation; employment; as, the profession of arms; the profession of a clergyman, lawyer, or physician; the profession of lecturer on chemistry.
-the collective body of persons engaged in a calling; as, the profession distrust him.
-the act of entering, or becoming a member of, a religious order.

professional
-of or pertaining to a profession, or calling; conforming to the rules or standards of a profession; following a profession; as, professional knowledge; professional conduct.
-engaged in by professionals; as, a professional race;
-- opposed to amateur.
-a person who prosecutes anything professionally, or for a livelihood, and not in the character of an amateur; a professional worker.

professionalism
-the following of a profession, sport, etc., as an occupation;
-- opposed to amateurism.

professionalist
-professional person.

professionally
-in a professional manner or capacity; by profession or calling; in the exercise of one's profession; one employed professionally.

professor
-one who professed, or makes open declaration of, his sentiments or opinions; especially, one who makes a public avowal of his belief in the scriptures and his faith in christ, and thus unites himself to the visible church.
-one who professed, or publicly teaches, any science or branch of learning; especially, an officer in a university, college, or other seminary, whose business it is to read lectures, or instruct students, in a particular branch of learning; as a professor of theology, of botany, of mathematics, or of political economy.

professorial
-of or pertaining to a professor; as, the professional chair; professional interest.

professorialism
-the character, manners, or habits of a professor.

professoriat
-see professoriate.

professoriate
-the body of professors, or the professorial staff, in a university or college.
-a professorship.

professorship
-the office or position of a professor, or public teacher.

professory
-of or pertaining to a professor; professorial.

proffer
-to offer for acceptance; to propose to give; to make a tender of; as, to proffer a gift; to proffer services; to proffer friendship.
-to essay or attempt of one's own accord; to undertake, or propose to undertake.
-an offer made; something proposed for acceptance by another; a tender; as, proffers of peace or friendship.
-essay; attempt.

proffered
-of proffer

profferer
-one who proffers something.

proffering
-of proffer

proficience
-alt. of proficiency

proficiency
-the quality of state of being proficient; advance in the acquisition of any art, science, or knowledge; progression in knowledge; improvement; adeptness; as, to acquire proficiency in music.

proficient
-one who has made considerable advances in any business, art, science, or branch of learning; an expert; an adept; as, proficient in a trade; a proficient in mathematics, music, etc.
-well advanced in any branch of knowledge or skill; possessed of considerable acquirements; well
-skilled; versed; adept,

proficiently
-in a proficient manner.

proficuous
-profitable; advantageous; useful.

profile
-an outline, or contour; as, the profile of an apple.
-a human head represented sidewise, or in a side view; the side face or half face.
-a section of any member, made at right angles with its main lines, showing the exact shape of moldings and the like.
-a drawing exhibiting a vertical section of the ground along a surveyed line, or graded work, as of a railway, showing elevations, depressions, grades, etc.
-to draw the outline of; to draw in profile, as an architectural member.
-to shape the outline of an object by passing a cutter around it.

profiled
-of profile

profiling
-of profile
-in the construction of fieldworks, the erection at proper intervals of wooden profiles, to show to the workmen the sectional form of the parapets at those points.

profilist
-one who takes profiles.

profit
-acquisition beyond expenditure; excess of value received for producing, keeping, or selling, over cost; hence, pecuniary gain in any transaction or occupation; emolument; as, a profit on the sale of goods.
-accession of good; valuable results; useful consequences; benefit; avail; gain; as, an office of profit,
-to be of service to; to be good to; to help on; to benefit; to advantage; to avail; to aid; as, truth profits all men.
-to gain advantage; to make improvement; to improve; to gain; to advance.
-to be of use or advantage; to do or bring good.

profitable
-yielding or bringing profit or gain; gainful; lucrative; useful; helpful; advantageous; beneficial; as, a profitable trade; profitable business; a profitable study or profession.

profited
-of profit

profiting
-of profit
-gain; advantage; profit.

profitless
-without profit; unprofitable.

profligacy
-the quality of state of being profligate; a profligate or very vicious course of life; a state of being abandoned in moral principle and in vice; dissoluteness.

profligate
-overthrown; beaten; conquered.
-broken down in respect of rectitude, principle, virtue, or decency; openly and shamelessly immoral or vicious; dissolute; as, profligate man or wretch.
-an abandoned person; one openly and shamelessly vicious; a dissolute person.
-to drive away; to overcome.

profligately
-in a profligate manner.

profligateness
-the quality of being profligate; an abandoned course of life; profligacy.

profligation
-defeat; rout; overthrow.

profluence
-quality of being profluent; course.

profluent
-flowing forward,

profound
-descending far below the surface; opening or reaching to a great depth; deep.
-intellectually deep; entering far into subjects; reaching to the bottom of a matter, or of a branch of learning; thorough; as, a profound investigation or treatise; a profound scholar; profound wisdom.
-characterized by intensity; deeply felt; pervading; overmastering; far
-reaching; strongly impressed; as, a profound sleep.
-bending low, exhibiting or expressing deep humility; lowly; submissive; as, a profound bow.
-the deep; the sea; the ocean.
-an abyss.
-to cause to sink deeply; to cause to dive or penetrate far down.
-to dive deeply; to penetrate.

profoundly
-in a profound manner.

profoundness
-the quality or state of being profound; profundity; depth.

profulgent
-shining forth; brilliant; effulgent.

profundity
-the quality or state of being profound; depth of place, knowledge, feeling, etc.

profuse
-pouring forth with fullness or exuberance; bountiful; exceedingly liberal; giving without stint; as, a profuse government; profuse hospitality.
-superabundant; excessive; prodigal; lavish; as, profuse expenditure.
-to pour out; to give or spend liberally; to lavish; to squander.

profusely
-in a profuse manner.

profuseness
-extravagance; profusion.

profusion
-the act of one who is profuse; a lavishing or pouring out without sting.
-abundance; exuberant plenty; lavish supply; as, a profusion of commodities.

profusive
-profuse; lavish; prodigal.

prog
-to wander about and beg; to seek food or other supplies by low arts; to seek for advantage by mean shift or tricks.
-to steal; to rob; to filch.
-to prick; to goad; to progue.
-victuals got by begging, or vagrancy; victuals of any kind; food; supplies.
-a vagrant beggar; a tramp.
-a goal; progue.

progenerate
-to beget; to generate; to produce; to procreate; as, to progenerate a race.

progeneration
-the act of begetting; propagation.

progenitor
-an ancestor in the direct line; a forefather.

progenitorship
-the state of being a progenitor.

progenitress
-a female progenitor.

progeniture
-a begetting, or birth.

progeny
-descendants of the human kind, or offspring of other animals; children; offspring; race, lineage.

progged
-of prog

progging
-of prog

proglottid
-proglottis.

proglottides
-of proglottis

proglottis
-one of the free, or nearly free, segments of a tapeworm. it contains both male and female reproductive organs, and is capable of a brief independent existence.

prognathi
-a comprehensive group of mankind, including those that have prognathous jaws.

prognathic
-prognathous.

prognathism
-projection of the jaws.

prognathous
-having the jaws projecting beyond the upper part of the face;
-- opposed to orthognathous. see gnathic index, under gnathic.

progne
-a swallow.
-a genus of swallows including the purple martin. see martin.
-an american butterfly (polygonia, / vanessa, progne). it is orange and black above, grayish beneath, with an l
-shaped silver mark on the hind wings. called also gray comma.

prognosis
-the act or art of foretelling the course and termination of a disease; also, the outlook afforded by this act of judgment; as, the prognosis of hydrophobia is bad.

prognostic
-indicating something future by signs or symptoms; foreshowing; aiding in prognosis; as, the prognostic symptoms of a disease; prognostic signs.
-that which prognosticates; a sign by which a future event may be known or foretold; an indication; a sign or omen; hence, a foretelling; a prediction.
-a sign or symptom indicating the course and termination of a disease.
-to prognosticate.

prognosticable
-capable of being prognosticated or foretold.

prognosticate
-to indicate as future; to foretell from signs or symptoms; to prophesy; to foreshow; to predict; as, to prognosticate evil.

prognosticated
-of prognosticate

prognosticating
-of prognosticate

prognostication
-the act of foreshowing or foretelling something future by present signs; prediction.
-that which foreshows; a foretoken.

prognosticator
-one who prognosticates; a foreknower or foreteller of a future course or event by present signs.

program
-same as programme.

programma
-any law, which, after it had passed the athenian senate, was fixed on a tablet for public inspection previously to its being proposed to the general assembly of the people.
-an edict published for public information; an official bulletin; a public proclamation.
-see programme.
-a preface.

programmata
-of programma

programme
-that which is written or printed as a public notice or advertisement; a scheme; a prospectus; especially, a brief outline or explanation of the order to be pursued, or the subjects embraced, in any public exercise, performance, or entertainment; a preliminary sketch.

progress
-a moving or going forward; a proceeding onward; an advance
-in actual space, as the progress of a ship, carriage, etc.
-in the growth of an animal or plant; increase.
-in business of any kind; as, the progress of a negotiation; the progress of art.
-in knowledge; in proficiency; as, the progress of a child at school.
-toward ideal completeness or perfection in respect of quality or condition;
-- applied to individuals, communities, or the race; as, social, moral, religious, or political progress.
-a journey of state; a circuit; especially, one made by a sovereign through parts of his own dominions.
-to make progress; to move forward in space; to continue onward in course; to proceed; to advance; to go on; as, railroads are progressing.
-to make improvement; to advance.
-to make progress in; to pass through.

progressed
-of progress

progressing
-of progress

progression
-the act of moving forward; a proceeding in a course; motion onward.
-course; passage; lapse or process of time.
-regular or proportional advance in increase or decrease of numbers; continued proportion, arithmetical, geometrical, or harmonic.
-a regular succession of tones or chords; the movement of the parts in harmony; the order of the modulations in a piece from key to key.

progressional
-of or pertaining to progression; tending to, or capable of, progress.

progressionist
-one who holds to a belief in the progression of society toward perfection.
-one who maintains the doctrine of progression in organic forms;
-- opposed to uniformitarian.

progressist
-one who makes, or holds to, progress; a progressionist.

progressive
-moving forward; proceeding onward; advancing; evincing progress; increasing; as, progressive motion or course;
-- opposed to retrograde.
-improving; as, art is in a progressive state.

progue
-to prog.
-a sharp point; a goad.
-to prick; to goad.

proheme
-proem.

prohibit
-to forbid by authority; to interdict; as, god prohibited adam from eating of the fruit of a certain tree; we prohibit a person from doing a thing, and also the doing of the thing; as, the law prohibits men from stealing, or it prohibits stealing.
-to hinder; to debar; to prevent; to preclude.

prohibited
-of prohibit

prohibiter
-one who prohibits or forbids; a forbidder; an interdicter.

prohibiting
-of prohibit

prohibition
-the act of prohibiting; a declaration or injunction forbidding some action; interdict.
-specifically, the forbidding by law of the sale of alcoholic liquors as beverages.

prohibitionist
-one who favors prohibitory duties on foreign goods in commerce; a protectionist.
-one who favors the prohibition of the sale (or of the sale and manufacture) of alcoholic liquors as beverages.

prohibitive
-that prohibits; prohibitory; as, a tax whose effect is prohibitive.

prohibitory
-tending to prohibit, forbid, or exclude; implying prohibition; forbidding; as, a prohibitory law; a prohibitory price.

proin
-to lop; to trim; to prune; to adorn.
-to employed in pruning.

proitor
-a traitor.

project
-the place from which a thing projects, or starts forth.
-that which is projected or designed; something intended or devised; a scheme; a design; a plan.
-an idle scheme; an impracticable design; as, a man given to projects.
-to throw or cast forward; to shoot forth.
-to cast forward or revolve in the mind; to contrive; to devise; to scheme; as, to project a plan.
-to draw or exhibit, as the form of anything; to delineate; as, to project a sphere, a map, an ellipse, and the like;
-- sometimes with on, upon, into, etc.; as, to project a line or point upon a plane. see projection, 4.
-to shoot forward; to extend beyond something else; to be prominent; to jut; as, the cornice projects; branches project from the tree.
-to form a project; to scheme.

projected
-of project

projectile
-projecting or impelling forward; as, a projectile force.
-caused or imparted by impulse or projection; impelled forward; as, projectile motion.
-a body projected, or impelled forward, by force; especially, a missile adapted to be shot from a firearm.
-a part of mechanics which treats of the motion, range, time of flight, etc., of bodies thrown or driven through the air by an impelling force.

projecting
-of project

projection
-the act of throwing or shooting forward.
-a jutting out; also, a part jutting out, as of a building; an extension beyond something else.
-the act of scheming or planning; also, that which is planned; contrivance; design; plan.
-the representation of something; delineation; plan; especially, the representation of any object on a perspective plane, or such a delineation as would result were the chief points of the object thrown forward upon the plane, each in the direction of a line drawn through it from a given point of sight, or central point; as, the projection of a sphere. the several kinds of projection differ according to the assumed point of sight and plane of projection in each.
-any method of representing the surface of the earth upon a plane.

projectment
-design; contrivance; projection.

projector
-one who projects a scheme or design; hence, one who forms fanciful or chimerical schemes.

projecture
-a jutting out beyond a surface.

projet
-a plan proposed; a draft of a proposed measure; a project.

proke
-to poke; to thrust.

prolapse
-the falling down of a part through the orifice with which it is naturally connected, especially of the uterus or the rectum.
-to fall down or out; to protrude.

prolapsion
-prolapse.

prolapsus
-prolapse.

prolata
-of prolatum

prolate
-stretched out; extended; especially, elongated in the direction of a line joining the poles; as, a prolate spheroid;
-- opposed to oblate.
-to utter; to pronounce.

prolation
-the act of prolating or pronouncing; utterance; pronunciation.
-the act of deferring; delay.
-a mediaeval method of determining of the proportionate duration of semibreves and minims.

prolatum
-a prolate spheroid. see ellipsoid of revolution, under ellipsoid.

proleg
-one of the fleshy legs found on the abdominal segments of the larvae of lepidoptera, sawflies, and some other insects. those of lepidoptera have a circle of hooks. called also proped, propleg, and falseleg.

prolegate
-the deputy or substitute for a legate.

prolegomena
-of prolegomenon

prolegomenary
-of the nature of a prolegomenon; preliminary; introductory; prefatory.

prolegomenon
-a preliminary remark or observation; an introductory discourse prefixed to a book or treatise.

prolepsis
-a figure by which objections are anticipated or prevented.
-a necessary truth or assumption; a first or assumed principle.
-an error in chronology, consisting in an event being dated before the actual time.
-the application of an adjective to a noun in anticipation, or to denote the result, of the action of the verb; as, to strike one dumb.

proleptic
-alt. of proleptical

proleptical
-of or pertaining to prolepsis; anticipative.
-previous; antecedent.
-anticipating the usual time;
-- applied to a periodical disease whose paroxysms return at an earlier hour at every repetition.

proleptically
-in a proleptical manner.

proleptics
-the art and science of predicting in medicine.

proletaire
-one of the common people; a low person; also, the common people as a class or estate in a country.

proletaneous
-having a numerous offspring.

proletarian
-of or pertaining to the proletaries; belonging to the commonalty; hence, mean; vile; vulgar.
-a proletary.

proletariat
-the indigent class in the state; the body of proletarians.

proletariate
-the lower classes; beggars.

proletaries
-of proletary

proletary
-a citizen of the lowest class, who served the state, not with property, but only by having children; hence, a common person.

prolicide
-the crime of destroying one's offspring, either in the womb or after birth.

proliferate
-to produce or form cells; especially, to produce cells rapidly.
-to produce zooids by budding.

proliferation
-the continuous development of cells in tissue formation; cell formation.
-the production of numerous zooids by budding, especially when buds arise from other buds in succession.

proliferous
-bearing offspring;
-- applied to a flower from within which another is produced, or to a branch or frond from which another rises, or to a plant which is reproduced by buds or gemmae.
-producing young by budding.
-producing sexual zooids by budding;
-- said of the blastostyle of a hydroid.
-producing a cluster of branchlets from a larger branch;
-- said of corals.

prolific
-having the quality of generating; producing young or fruit; generative; fruitful; productive;
-- applied to plants producing fruit, animals producing young, etc.;
-- usually with the implied idea of frequent or numerous production; as, a prolific tree, female, and the like.
-serving to produce; fruitful of results; active; as, a prolific brain; a controversy prolific of evil.
-proliferous.

prolificacy
-prolificness.

prolifical
-producing young or fruit abundantly; fruitful; prolific.

prolificate
-to make prolific; to fertilize; to impregnate.

prolification
-the generation of young.
-reproduction by the growth of a plant, or part of a plant, directly from an older one, or by gemmae.

prolificness
-the quality or state of being prolific; fruitfulness; prolificacy.

prolix
-extending to a great length; unnecessarily long; minute in narration or argument; excessively particular in detail;
-- rarely used except with reference to discourse written or spoken; as, a prolix oration; a prolix poem; a prolix sermon.
-indulging in protracted discourse; tedious; wearisome;
-- applied to a speaker or writer.

prolixious
-dilatory; tedious; superfluous.

prolixity
-the quality or state of being prolix; great length; minute detail; as, prolixity in discourses and writings.

prolixly
-in a prolix manner.

prolixness
-prolixity.

proll
-to search or prowl after; to rob; to plunder.
-to prowl about; to rob.

prolled
-of proll

proller
-prowler; thief.

prolling
-of proll

prolocutor
-one who speaks for another.
-the presiding officer of a convocation.

prolog
-prologue.

prologize
-to deliver a prologue.

prologizer
-one who prologizes.

prologue
-the preface or introduction to a discourse, poem, or performance; as, the prologue of chaucer's "canterbury tales;" esp., a discourse or poem spoken before a dramatic performance
-one who delivers a prologue.
-to introduce with a formal preface, or prologue.

prologued
-of prologue

prologuing
-of prologue

prolong
-to extend in space or length; as, to prolong a line.
-to lengthen in time; to extend the duration of; to draw out; to continue; as, to prolong one's days.
-to put off to a distant time; to postpone.

prolongable
-capable of being prolonged; as, life is prolongable by care.

prolongate
-to prolong; to extend in space or in time.

prolongated
-of prolongate

prolongating
-of prolongate

prolongation
-the act of lengthening in space or in time; extension; protraction.
-that which forms an additional length.

prolonge
-a rope with a hook and a toggle, sometimes used to drag a gun carriage or to lash it to the limber, and for various other purposes.

prolonged
-of prolong

prolonger
-one who, or that which, causes an extension in time or space.

prolonging
-of prolong

prolongment
-prolongation.

prolusion
-a trial before the principal performance; a prelude; hence, an introductory essay or exercise.

promanation
-the act of flowing forth; emanation; efflux.

promenade
-a walk for pleasure, display, or exercise.
-a place for walking; a public walk.
-to walk for pleasure, display, or exercise.

promenaded
-of promenade

promenader
-one who promenades.

promenading
-of promenade

promerit
-to oblige; to confer a favor on.
-to deserve; to procure by merit.

promerops
-any one of several species of very brilliant birds belonging to promerops, epimarchus, and allied genera, closely related to the paradise birds, and mostly native of new guinea. they have a long curved beak and a long graduated tail.

promerphological
-relating to promorphology; as, a promorphological conception.

promethea
-a large american bombycid moth (callosamia promethea). its larva feeds on the sassafras, wild cherry, and other trees, and suspends its cocoon from a branch by a silken band.

promethean
-of or pertaining to prometheus. see prometheus.
-having a life
-giving quality; inspiring.
-an apparatus for automatic ignition.
-a kind of lucifer match.

prometheus
-the son of iapetus (one of the titans) and clymene, fabled by the poets to have surpassed all mankind in knowledge, and to have formed men of clay to whom he gave life by means of fire stolen from heaven. jupiter, being angry at this, sent mercury to bind prometheus to mount caucasus, where a vulture preyed upon his liver.

prominence
-alt. of prominency

prominency
-the quality or state of being prominent; a standing out from something; conspicuousness.
-that which is prominent; a protuberance.

prominent
-standing out, or projecting, beyond the line surface of something; jutting; protuberant; in high relief; as, a prominent figure on a vase.
-hence; distinctly manifest; likely to attract attention from its size or position; conspicuous; as, a prominent feature of the face; a prominent building.
-eminent; distinguished above others; as, a prominent character.

prominently
-in a prominent manner.

promiscuity
-promiscuousness; confusion.

promiscuous
-consisting of individuals united in a body or mass without order; mingled; confused; undistinguished; as, a promiscuous crowd or mass.
-distributed or applied without order or discrimination; not restricted to an individual; common; indiscriminate; as, promiscuous love or intercourse.

promiscuously
-in a promiscuous manner.

promiscuousness
-the quality or state of being promiscuous.

promise
-in general, a declaration, written or verbal, made by one person to another, which binds the person who makes it to do, or to forbear to do, a specified act; a declaration which gives to the person to whom it is made a right to expect or to claim the performance or forbearance of a specified act.
-an engagement by one person to another, either in words or in writing, but properly not under seal, for the performance or nonperformance of some particular thing. the word promise is used to denote the mere engagement of a person, without regard to the consideration for it, or the corresponding duty of the party to whom it is made.
-that which causes hope, expectation, or assurance; especially, that which affords expectation of future distinction; as, a youth of great promise.
-bestowal, fulfillment, or grant of what is promised.
-to engage to do, give, make, or to refrain from doing, giving, or making, or the like; to covenant; to engage; as, to promise a visit; to promise a cessation of hostilities; to promise the payment of money.
-to afford reason to expect; to cause hope or assurance of; as, the clouds promise rain.
-to make declaration of or give assurance of, as some benefit to be conferred; to pledge or engage to bestow; as, the proprietors promised large tracts of land; the city promised a reward.
-to give assurance by a promise, or binding declaration.
-to afford hopes or expectation; to give ground to expect good; rarely, to give reason to expect evil.

promised
-of promise

promisee
-the person to whom a promise is made.

promiser
-one who promises.

promising
-of promise
-making a promise or promises; affording hope or assurance; as, promising person; a promising day.

promisor
-one who engages or undertakes; a promiser.

promissive
-making a promise; implying a promise; promising.

promissorily
-in a promissory manner.

promissory
-containing a promise or binding declaration of something to be done or forborne.

promont
-promontory.

promontories
-of promontory

promontory
-a high point of land or rock projecting into the sea beyond the line of coast; a headland; a high cape.
-a projecting part. especially: (a) the projecting angle of the ventral side of the sacrum where it joins the last lumbar vertebra. (b) a prominence on the inner wall of the tympanum of the ear.

promorphologist
-one versed in the science of promorphology.

promorphology
-crystallography of organic forms;
-- a division of morphology created by haeckel. it is essentially stereometric, and relates to a mathematical conception of organic forms. see tectology.

promote
-to contribute to the growth, enlargement, or prosperity of (any process or thing that is in course); to forward; to further; to encourage; to advance; to excite; as, to promote learning; to promote disorder; to promote a business venture.
-to exalt in station, rank, or honor; to elevate; to raise; to prefer; to advance; as, to promote an officer.
-to urge on or incite another, as to strife; also, to inform against a person.

promoted
-of promote

promoter
-one who, or that which, forwards, advances, or promotes; an encourager; as, a promoter of charity or philosophy.
-specifically, one who sets on foot, and takes the preliminary steps in, a scheme for the organization of a corporation, a joint
-stock company, or the like.
-one who excites; as, a promoter of sedition.
-an informer; a makebate.

promoting
-of promote

promotive
-tending to advance, promote, or encourage.

promottion
-the act of promoting, advancing, or encouraging; the act of exalting in rank or honor; also, the condition of being advanced, encouraged, or exalted in honor; preferment.

promove
-to move forward; to advance; to promote.

promover
-a promoter.

prompt
-a limit of time given for payment of an account for produce purchased, this limit varying with different goods. see prompt
-note.
-to assist or induce the action of; to move to action; to instigate; to incite.
-to suggest; to dictate.
-to remind, as an actor or an orator, of words or topics forgotten.

prompt
-book
-the book used by a prompter of a theater.

prompt
-note
-a memorandum of a sale, and time when payment is due, given to the purchaser at a sale of goods.

prompted
-of prompt

prompter
-one who, or that which, prompts; one who admonishes or incites to action.
-one who reminds another, as an actor or an orator, of the words to be spoken next; specifically, one employed for this purpose in a theater.

prompting
-of prompt

promptitude
-the quality of being prompt; quickness of decision and action when occasion demands; alacrity; as, promptitude in obedience.

promptly
-in a prompt manner.

promptness
-promptitude; readiness; quickness of decision or action.
-cheerful willingness; alacrity.

promptuary
-of or pertaining to preparation.
-that from which supplies are drawn; a storehouse; a magazine; a repository.

prompture
-suggestion; incitement; prompting.

promt
-ready and quick to act as occasion demands; meeting requirements readily; not slow, dilatory, or hesitating in decision or action; responding on the instant; immediate; as, prompt in obedience or compliance;
-- said of persons.
-done or rendered quickly, readily, or immediately; given without delay or hesitation;
-- said of conduct; as, prompt assistance.
-easy; unobstructed.

promulgate
-to make known by open declaration, as laws, decrees, or tidings; to publish; as, to promulgate the secrets of a council.

promulgated
-of promulgate

promulgating
-of promulgate

promulgation
-the act of promulgating; publication; open declaration; as, the promulgation of the gospel.

promulgator
-one who promulgates or publishes.

promulge
-to promulgate; to publish or teach.

promulged
-of promulge

promulger
-one who promulges or publishes what was before unknown.

promulging
-of promulge

promuscis
-the proboscis of hemipterous insects. see illust. under hemiptera.

pronaos
-the porch or vestibule of a temple.

pronate
-somewhat prone; inclined; as, pronate trees.

pronation
-the act of turning the palm or palmar surface of the forefoot downward.
-that motion of the forearm whereby the palm or palmar, surface is turned downward.
-the position of the limb resulting from the act of pronation. opposed to supination.

pronator
-a muscle which produces pronation.

prone
-bending forward; inclined; not erect.
-prostrate; flat; esp., lying with the face down;
-- opposed to supine.
-headlong; running downward or headlong.
-sloping, with reference to a line or surface; declivous; inclined; not level.
-inclined; propense; disposed;
-- applied to the mind or affections, usually in an ill sense. followed by to.

pronely
-in a prone manner or position.

proneness
-the quality or state of being prone, or of bending downward; as, the proneness of beasts is opposed to the erectness of man.
-the state of lying with the face down;
-- opposed to supineness.
-descent; declivity; as, the proneness of a hill.
-inclination of mind, heart, or temper; propension; disposition; as, proneness to self
-gratification.

pronephric
-of or pertaining to the pronephros.

pronephron
-the head kidney. see under head.

pronephros
-alt. of pronephron

prong
-a sharp
-pointed instrument.
-the tine of a fork, or of a similar instrument; as, a fork of two or three prongs.
-a sharp projection, as of an antler.
-the fang of a tooth.

prong
-hoe
-a hoe with prongs to break the earth.

prongbuck
-the springbuck.
-the pronghorn.

pronged
-having prongs or projections like the tines of a fork; as, a three
-pronged fork.

pronghorn
-an american antelope (antilocapra americana), native of the plain near the rocky mountains. the upper parts are mostly yellowish brown; the under parts, the sides of the head and throat, and the buttocks, are white. the horny sheath of the horns is shed annually. called also cabree, cabut, prongbuck, and pronghorned antelope.

pronity
-proneness; propensity.

pronominal
-belonging to, or partaking of the nature of, a pronoun.

pronominalize
-to give the effect of a pronoun to; as, to pronominalize the substantives person, people, etc.

pronominally
-in a pronominal manner/ with the nature or office of a pronoun; as a pronoun.

prononce
-strongly marked; decided, as in manners, etc.

pronota
-of pronotum

pronotary
-see prothonotary.

pronotum
-the dorsal plate of the prothorax in insects. see illust. of coleoptera.

pronoun
-a word used instead of a noun or name, to avoid the repetition of it. the personal pronouns in english are i, thou or you, he, she, it, we, ye, and they.

pronounce
-to utter articulately; to speak out or distinctly; to utter, as words or syllables; to speak with the proper sound and accent as, adults rarely learn to pronounce a foreign language correctly.
-to utter officially or solemnly; to deliver, as a decree or sentence; as, to pronounce sentence of death.
-to speak or utter rhetorically; to deliver; to recite; as, to pronounce an oration.
-to declare or affirm; as, he pronounced the book to be a libel; he pronounced the act to be a fraud.
-to give a pronunciation; to articulate; as, to pronounce faultlessly.
-to make declaration; to utter on opinion; to speak with confidence.
-pronouncement; declaration; pronunciation.

pronounceable
-capable of being pronounced.

pronounced
-of pronounce
-strongly marked; unequivocal; decided. [a gallicism]

pronouncement
-the act of pronouncing; a declaration; a formal announcement.

pronouncer
-one who pronounces, utters, or declares; also, a pronouncing book.

pronouncing
-pertaining to, or indicating, pronunciation; as, a pronouncing dictionary.

pronounging
-of pronounce

pronubial
-presiding over marriage.

pronuclei
-of pronucleus

pronucleus
-one of the two bodies or nuclei (called male and female pronuclei) which unite to form the first segmentation nucleus of an impregnated ovum.

pronuncial
-of or pertaining to pronunciation; pronunciative.

pronunciamento
-a proclamation or manifesto; a formal announcement or declaration.

pronunciamiento
-see pronunciamento.

pronunciation
-the act of uttering with articulation; the act of giving the proper sound and accent; utterance; as, the pronunciation of syllables of words; distinct or indistinct pronunciation.
-the mode of uttering words or sentences.
-the art of manner of uttering a discourse publicly with propriety and gracefulness;
-- now called delivery.

pronunciative
-of or pertaining to pronunciation.
-uttering confidently; dogmatical.

pronunciator
-one who pronounces; a pronouncer.

pronunciatory
-of or pertaining to pronunciation; that pronounces.

proocutorship
-the office of a prolocutor.

proof
-any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth; an act of testing; a test; a trial.
-that degree of evidence which convinces the mind of any truth or fact, and produces belief; a test by facts or arguments that induce, or tend to induce, certainty of the judgment; conclusive evidence; demonstration.
-the quality or state of having been proved or tried; firmness or hardness that resists impression, or does not yield to force; impenetrability of physical bodies.
-firmness of mind; stability not to be shaken.
-a trial impression, as from type, taken for correction or examination;
-- called also proof sheet.
-a process for testing the accuracy of an operation performed. cf. prove, v. t., 5.
-armor of excellent or tried quality, and deemed impenetrable; properly, armor of proof.
-used in proving or testing; as, a proof load, or proof charge.
-firm or successful in resisting; as, proof against harm; waterproof; bombproof.
-being of a certain standard as to strength;
-- said of alcoholic liquors.

proof
-arm
-to arm with proof armor; to arm securely; as, to proof
-arm herself.

proof
-proof
-proof against proofs; obstinate in the wrong.

proofless
-wanting sufficient evidence to induce belief; not proved.

proostraca
-of proostracum

proostracum
-the anterior prolongation of the guard of the phragmocone of belemnites and allied fossil cephalopods, whether horny or calcareous. see illust. of phragmocone.

prootic
-in front of the auditory capsule;
-- applied especially to a bone, or center of ossification, in the periotic capsule.
-a prootic bone.

prop
-a shell, used as a die. see props.
-to support, or prevent from falling, by placing something under or against; as, to prop up a fence or an old building; (fig.) to sustain; to maintain; as, to prop a declining state.
-that which sustains an incumbent weight; that on which anything rests or leans for support; a support; a stay; as, a prop for a building.

propaedeutic
-alt. of propaedeutical

propaedeutical
-of, pertaining to, or conveying, preliminary instruction; introductory to any art or science; instructing beforehand.

propaedeutics
-the preliminary learning connected with any art or science; preparatory instruction.

propagable
-capable of being propagated, or of being continued or multiplied by natural generation or production.
-capable of being spread or extended by any means;
-- said of tenets, doctrines, or principles.

propaganda
-a congregation of cardinals, established in 1622, charged with the management of missions.
-the college of the propaganda, instituted by urban viii. (1623
-1644) to educate priests for missions in all parts of the world.
-hence, any organization or plan for spreading a particular doctrine or a system of principles.

propagandism
-the art or practice of propagating tenets or principles; zeal in propagating one's opinions.

propagandist
-a person who devotes himself to the spread of any system of principles.

propagate
-to cause to continue or multiply by generation, or successive production;
-- applied to animals and plants; as, to propagate a breed of horses or sheep; to propagate a species of fruit tree.
-to cause to spread to extend; to impel or continue forward in space; as, to propagate sound or light.
-to spread from person to person; to extend the knowledge of; to originate and spread; to carry from place to place; to disseminate; as, to propagate a story or report; to propagate the christian religion.
-to multiply; to increase.
-to generate; to produce.
-to have young or issue; to be produced or multiplied by generation, or by new shoots or plants; as, rabbits propagate rapidly.

propagated
-of propagate

propagating
-of propagate

propagation
-the act of propagating; continuance or multiplication of the kind by generation or successive production; as, the propagation of animals or plants.
-the spreading abroad, or extension, of anything; diffusion; dissemination; as, the propagation of sound; the propagation of the gospel.

propagative
-producing by propagation, or by a process of growth.

propagator
-one who propagates; one who continues or multiplies.

propagula
-of propagulum

propagulum
-a runner terminated by a germinating bud.

propane
-a heavy gaseous hydrocarbon, c3h8, of the paraffin series, occurring naturally dissolved in crude petroleum, and also made artificially;
-- called also propyl hydride.

propargyl
-same as propinyl.

proparoxytone
-a word which has the acute accent on the antepenult.

proped
-same as proleg.

propel
-to drive forward; to urge or press onward by force; to move, or cause to move; as, the wind or steam propels ships; balls are propelled by gunpowder.

propelled
-of propel

propeller
-one who, or that which, propels.
-a contrivance for propelling a steam vessel, usually consisting of a screw placed in the stern under water, and made to revolve by an engine; a propeller wheel.
-a steamboat thus propelled; a screw steamer.

propelling
-of propel

propend
-to lean toward a thing; to be favorably inclined or disposed; to incline; to tend.

propendency
-propensity.
-attentive deliberation.

propendent
-inclining forward or toward.

propene
-same as propylene.

propense
-leaning toward, in a moral sense; inclined; disposed; prone; as, women propense to holiness.

propension
-the quality or state of being propense; propensity.

propensities
-of propensity

propensity
-the quality or state of being propense; natural inclination; disposition to do good or evil; bias; bent; tendency.

propenyl
-a hypothetical hydrocarbon radical, c3h5, isomeric with allyl and glyceryl, and regarded as the essential residue of glycerin. cf. allyl, and glyceryl.

propepsin
-see persinogen.

propeptone
-a product of gastric digestion intermediate between albumin and peptone, identical with hemialbumose.

proper
-belonging to one; one's own; individual.
-belonging to the natural or essential constitution; peculiar; not common; particular; as, every animal has his proper instincts and appetites.
-befitting one's nature, qualities, etc.; suitable in all respect; appropriate; right; fit; decent; as, water is the proper element for fish; a proper dress.
-becoming in appearance; well formed; handsome.
-pertaining to one of a species, but not common to the whole; not appellative;
-- opposed to common; as, a proper name; dublin is the proper name of a city.
-rightly so called; strictly considered; as, greece proper; the garden proper.
-represented in its natural color;
-- said of any object used as a charge.
-properly; hence, to a great degree; very; as, proper good.

properate
-to hasten, or press forward.

properation
-the act of hastening; haste.

properispome
-properispomenon.

properispomena
-of properispomenon

properispomenon
-a word which has the circumflex accent on the penult.

properly
-in a proper manner; suitably; fitly; strictly; rightly; as, a word properly applied; a dress properly adjusted.
-individually; after one's own manner.

properness
-the quality of being proper.
-tallness; comeliness.

propertied
-possessing property; holding real estate, or other investments of money.

properties
-of property

property
-that which is proper to anything; a peculiar quality of a thing; that which is inherent in a subject, or naturally essential to it; an attribute; as, sweetness is a property of sugar.
-an acquired or artificial quality; that which is given by art, or bestowed by man; as, the poem has the properties which constitute excellence.
-the exclusive right of possessing, enjoying, and disposing of a thing; ownership; title.
-that to which a person has a legal title, whether in his possession or not; thing owned; an estate, whether in lands, goods, or money; as, a man of large property, or small property.
-all the adjuncts of a play except the scenery and the dresses of the actors; stage requisites.
-propriety; correctness.
-to invest which properties, or qualities.
-to make a property of; to appropriate.

prophane
-see profane.

prophasis
-foreknowledge of a disease; prognosis.

prophecies
-of prophecy

prophecy
-a declaration of something to come; a foretelling; a prediction; esp., an inspired foretelling.
-a book of prophecies; a history; as, the prophecy of ahijah.
-public interpretation of scripture; preaching; exhortation or instruction.

prophesied
-of prophesy

prophesier
-a prophet.

prophesy
-to foretell; to predict; to prognosticate.
-to foreshow; to herald; to prefigure.
-to utter predictions; to make declaration of events to come.
-to give instruction in religious matters; to interpret or explain scripture or religious subjects; to preach; to exhort; to expound.

prophesying
-of prophesy

prophet
-one who prophesies, or foretells events; a predicter; a foreteller.
-one inspired or instructed by god to speak in his name, or announce future events, as, moses, elijah, etc.
-an interpreter; a spokesman.
-a mantis.

prophetess
-a female prophet.

prophetic
-alt. of prophetical

prophetical
-containing, or pertaining to, prophecy; foretelling events; as, prophetic writings; prophetic dreams;
-- used with of before the thing foretold.

propheticality
-propheticalness.

prophetically
-in a prophetical manner; by way of prediction.

propheticalness
-the quality or state of being prophetical; power or capacity to foretell.

prophetize
-to give predictions; to foreshow events; to prophesy.

prophoric
-enunciative.

prophragma
-an internal dorsal chitinous process between the first two divisions of the thorax of insects.

prophragmata
-of prophragma

prophylactic
-a medicine which preserves or defends against disease; a preventive.
-alt. of prophylactical

prophylactical
-defending or preserving from disease; preventive.

prophylaxis
-the art of preserving from, or of preventing, disease; the observance of the rules necessary for the preservation of health; preservative or preventive treatment.

propice
-fit; propitious.

propidene
-the unsymmetrical hypothetical hydrocarbon radical, ch3.ch2.ch, analogous to ethylidene, and regarded as the type of certain derivatives of propane;
-- called also propylidene.

propination
-the act of pledging, or drinking first, and then offering the cup to another.

propine
-to pledge; to offer as a toast or a health in the manner of drinking, that is, by drinking first and passing the cup.
-hence, to give in token of friendship.
-to give, or deliver; to subject.
-a pledge.
-a gift; esp., drink money.
-same as allylene.

propinquity
-nearness in place; neighborhood; proximity.
-nearness in time.
-nearness of blood; kindred; affinity.

propinyl
-a hydrocarbon radical regarded as an essential residue of propine and allied compounds.

propiolate
-a salt of propiolic acid.

propiolic
-pertaining to, or designating, an organic acid (called also propargylic acid) of the acetylene or tetrolic series, analogous to propionic acid, and obtained as a white crystalline substance.

propionate
-a salt of propionic acid.

propione
-the ketone of propionic acid, obtained as a colorless fragrant liquid.

propionic
-pertaining to, derived from, or designating, an organic acid which is produced in the distillation of wood, in the fermentation of various organic substances, as glycerin, calcium lactate, etc., and is obtained as a colorless liquid having a sharp, pungent odor. propionic acid is so called because it is the first or lowest member of the fatty acid series whose salts have a fatty feel.

propionyl
-the hypothetical radical c3h5o, regarded as the essential residue of propionic acid and certain related compounds.

propithecus
-a genus including the long
-tailed, or diadem, indris. see indris.

propitiable
-capable of being propitiated.

propitiate
-to appease to render favorable; to make propitious; to conciliate.
-to make propitiation; to atone.

propitiated
-of propitiate

propitiating
-of propitiate

propitiation
-the act of appeasing the wrath and conciliating the favor of an offended person; the act of making propitious.
-that which propitiates; atonement or atoning sacrifice; specifically, the influence or effects of the death of christ in appeasing the divine justice, and conciliating the divine favor.

propitiator
-one who propitiates or appeases.

propitiatorily
-by way of propitiation.

propitiatory
-having the power to make propitious; pertaining to, or employed in, propitiation; expiatory; as, a propitiatory sacrifice.
-the mercy seat;
-- so called because a symbol of the propitiated jehovah.

propitious
-convenient; auspicious; favorable; kind; as, a propitious season; a propitious breeze.
-hence, kind; gracious; merciful; helpful;
-- said of a person or a divinity.

proplasm
-a mold; a matrix.

proplastic
-forming a mold.

proplastics
-the art of making molds for castings.

propleg
-same as proleg.

propodia
-of propodium

propodial
-of or pertaining to the propodialia, or the parts of the limbs to which they belong.

propodiale
-the bone of either the upper arm or the thing, the propodialia being the humerus and femur.

propodialia
-of propodiale

propodite
-the sixth joint of a typical leg of a crustacean; usually, the penultimate joint.

propodium
-the anterior portion of the foot of a mollusk.
-the segment which forms the posterior part of the thorax of a hymenopterous insect.

propolis
-same as bee glue, under bee.

propone
-to propose; to bring forward.

proponent
-making proposals; proposing.
-one who makes a proposal, or lays down a proposition.
-the propounder of a thing.

proportion
-the relation or adaptation of one portion to another, or to the whole, as respect magnitude, quantity, or degree; comparative relation; ratio; as, the proportion of the parts of a building, or of the body.
-harmonic relation between parts, or between different things of the same kind; symmetrical arrangement or adjustment; symmetry; as, to be out of proportion.
-the portion one receives when a whole is distributed by a rule or principle; equal or proper share; lot.
-a part considered comparatively; a share.
-the equality or similarity of ratios, especially of geometrical ratios; or a relation among quantities such that the quotient of the first divided by the second is equal to that of the third divided by the fourth;
-- called also geometrical proportion, in distinction from arithmetical proportion, or that in which the difference of the first and second is equal to the difference of the third and fourth.
-the rule of three, in arithmetic, in which the three given terms, together with the one sought, are proportional.
-to adjust in a suitable proportion, as one thing or one part to another; as, to proportion the size of a building to its height; to proportion our expenditures to our income.
-to form with symmetry or suitableness, as the parts of the body.
-to divide into equal or just shares; to apportion.

proportionable
-capable of being proportioned, or made proportional; also, proportional; proportionate.

proportionably
-proportionally.

proportional
-having a due proportion, or comparative relation; being in suitable proportion or degree; as, the parts of an edifice are proportional.
-relating to, or securing, proportion.
-constituting a proportion; having the same, or a constant, ratio; as, proportional quantities; momentum is proportional to quantity of matter.
-any number or quantity in a proportion; as, a mean proportional.
-the combining weight or equivalent of an element.

proportionality
-the state of being in proportion.

proportionally
-in proportion; in due degree; adapted relatively; as, all parts of the building are proportionally large.

proportionate
-adjusted to something else according to a proportion; proportional.
-to make proportional; to adjust according to a settled rate, or to due comparative relation; to proportion; as, to proportionate punishment to crimes.

proportionated
-of proportionate

proportionately
-in a proportionate manner; with due proportion; proportionally.

proportionateness
-the quality or state of being proportionate.

proportionating
-of proportionate

proportioned
-of proportion

proportioning
-of proportion

proportionless
-without proportion; unsymmetrical.

proportionment
-the act or process of dividing out proportionally.

proposal
-that which is proposed, or propounded for consideration or acceptance; a scheme or design; terms or conditions proposed; offer; as, to make proposals for a treaty of peace; to offer proposals for erecting a building; to make proposals of marriage.
-the offer by a party of what he has in view as to an intended business transaction, which, with acceptance, constitutes a contract.

propose
-to set forth.
-to offer for consideration, discussion, acceptance, or adoption; as, to propose terms of peace; to propose a question for discussion; to propose an alliance; to propose a person for office.
-to set before one's self or others as a purpose formed; hence, to purpose; to intend.
-to speak; to converse.
-to form or declare a purpose or intention; to lay a scheme; to design; as, man proposes, but god disposes.
-to offer one's self in marriage.
-talk; discourse.

proposed
-of propose

proposer
-one who proposes or offers anything for consideration or adoption.
-a speaker; an orator.

proposing
-of propose

proposition
-the act of setting or placing before; the act of offering.
-that which is proposed; that which is offered, as for consideration, acceptance, or adoption; a proposal; as, the enemy made propositions of peace; his proposition was not accepted.
-a statement of religious doctrine; an article of faith; creed; as, the propositions of wyclif and huss.
-a complete sentence, or part of a sentence consisting of a subject and predicate united by a copula; a thought expressed or propounded in language; a from of speech in which a predicate is affirmed or denied of a subject; as, snow is white.
-a statement in terms of a truth to be demonstrated, or of an operation to be performed.
-that which is offered or affirmed as the subject of the discourse; anything stated or affirmed for discussion or illustration.
-the part of a poem in which the author states the subject or matter of it.

propositional
-pertaining to, or in the nature of, a proposition; considered as a proposition; as, a propositional sense.

propound
-to offer for consideration; to exhibit; to propose; as, to propound a question; to propound an argument.
-to propose or name as a candidate for admission to communion with a church.

propounded
-of propound

propounder
-one who propounds, proposes, or offers for consideration.

propounding
-of propound

propped
-of prop

propping
-of prop

propretor
-a magistrate who, having been pretor at home, was appointed to the government of a province.

proprietaries
-of proprietary

proprietary
-a proprietor or owner; one who has exclusive title to a thing; one who possesses, or holds the title to, a thing in his own right.
-a body proprietors, taken collectively.
-a monk who had reserved goods and effects to himself, notwithstanding his renunciation of all at the time of profession.
-belonging, or pertaining, to a proprietor; considered as property; owned; as, proprietary medicine.

proprieties
-of propriety

proprietor
-one who has the legal right or exclusive title to anything, whether in possession or not; an owner; as, the proprietor of farm or of a mill.

proprietorial
-of or pertaining to ownership; proprietary; as, proprietorial rights.

proprietorship
-the state of being proprietor; ownership.

proprietress
-a female proprietor.

propriety
-individual right to hold property; ownership by personal title; property.
-that which is proper or peculiar; an inherent property or quality; peculiarity.
-the quality or state of being proper; suitableness to an acknowledged or correct standard or rule; consonance with established principles, rules, or customs; fitness; appropriateness; as, propriety of behavior, language, manners, etc.

proproctor
-a assistant proctor.

props
-a game of chance, in which four sea shells, each called a prop, are used instead of dice.

propterygia
-of propterygium

propterygium
-the anterior of three principal cartilages in the fins of some fishes.

propugn
-to contend for; to defend; to vindicate.

propugnacle
-a fortress.

propugnation
-means of defense; defense.

propugner
-a defender; a vindicator.

propulsation
-the act of driving away or repelling; a keeping at a distance.

propulse
-to repel; to drive off or away.

propulsion
-the act driving forward or away; the act or process of propelling; as, steam propulsion.
-an impelling act or movement.

propulsive
-tending, or having power, to propel; driving on; urging.

propulsory
-propulsive.

propyl
-the hypothetical radical c3h7, regarded as the essential residue of propane and related compounds.

propyla
-of propylon

propylaea
-of propylaeum

propylaeum
-any court or vestibule before a building or leading into any inclosure.

propylene
-a colorless gaseous hydrocarbon (c3h6) of the ethylene series, having a garlic odor. it occurs in coal gas, and is produced artificially in various ways. called also propene.

propylic
-pertaining to, derived from, or containing, propyl; as, propylic alcohol.

propylidene
-see propidene.

propylon
-the porch, vestibule, or entrance of an edifice.

proratable
-capable of being prorated, or divided proportionately.

prorate
-to divide or distribute proportionally; to assess pro rata.

prorated
-of prorate

prorating
-of prorate

prore
-the prow or fore part of a ship.

prorector
-an officer who presides over the academic senate of a german university.

prorectorate
-the office of prorector.

prorenal
-pronephric.

proreption
-a creeping on.

prorhinal
-situated in front of the nasal chambers.

prorogate
-to prorogue.

prorogation
-the act of counting in duration; prolongation.
-the act of proroguing; the ending of the session of parliament, and postponing of its business, by the command of the sovereign.

prorogue
-to protract; to prolong; to extend.
-to defer; to delay; to postpone; as, to proroguedeath; to prorogue a marriage.
-to end the session of a parliament by an order of the sovereign, thus deferring its business.

prorogued
-of prorogue

proroguing
-of prorogue

proruption
-the act or state of bursting forth; a bursting out.

prosaic
-alt. of prosaical

prosaical
-of or pertaining to prose; resembling prose; in the form of prose; unpoetical; writing or using prose; as, a prosaic composition.
-dull; uninteresting; commonplace; unimaginative; prosy; as, a prosaic person.

prosaicism
-the quality or state of being prosaic; a prosaic manner or style.

prosaism
-that which is in the form of prose writing; a prosaic manner.

prosaist
-a writer of prose; an unpoetical writer.

prosal
-of or pertaining to prose; prosaic.

proscenia
-of proscenium

proscenium
-the part where the actors performed; the stage.
-the part of the stage in front of the curtain; sometimes, the curtain and its framework.

proscolex
-an early larval form of a trematode worm; a redia. see redia.

proscolices
-of proscolex

proscribe
-to doom to destruction; to put out of the protection of law; to outlaw; to exile; as, sylla and marius proscribed each other's adherents.
-to denounce and condemn; to interdict; to prohibit; as, the puritans proscribed theaters.

proscribed
-of proscribe

proscriber
-one who, or that which, proscribes, denounces, or prohibits.

proscribing
-of proscribe

proscript
-a proscription; a prohibition; an interdict.
-one who is proscribed.

proscription
-the act of proscribing; a dooming to death or exile; outlawry; specifically, among the ancient romans, the public offer of a reward for the head of a political enemy; as, under the triumvirate, many of the best roman citizens fell by proscription.
-the state of being proscribed; denunciation; interdiction; prohibition.

proscriptional
-proscriptive.

proscriptionist
-one who proscribes.

proscriptive
-of or pertaining to proscription; consisting in, or of the nature of, proscription; proscribing.

prosdist
-one skilled in prosody.

prose
-the ordinary language of men in speaking or writing; language not cast in poetical measure or rhythm;
-- contradistinguished from verse, or metrical composition.
-hence, language which evinces little imagination or animation; dull and commonplace discourse.
-a hymn with no regular meter, sometimes introduced into the mass. see sequence.
-pertaining to, or composed of, prose; not in verse; as, prose composition.
-possessing or exhibiting unpoetical characteristics; plain; dull; prosaic; as, the prose duties of life.
-to write in prose.
-to write or repeat in a dull, tedious, or prosy way.
-to write prose.

prosector
-one who makes dissections for anatomical illustration; usually, the assistant of a professional anatomist.

prosecutable
-capable of being prosecuted; liable to prosecution.

prosecute
-to follow or pursue with a view to reach, execute, or accomplish; to endeavor to obtain or complete; to carry on; to continue; as, to prosecute a scheme, hope, or claim.
-to seek to obtain by legal process; as, to prosecute a right or a claim in a court of law.
-to pursue with the intention of punishing; to accuse of some crime or breach of law, or to pursue for redress or punishment, before a legal tribunal; to proceed against judicially; as, to prosecute a man for trespass, or for a riot.
-to follow after.
-to institute and carry on a legal prosecution; as, to prosecute for public offenses.

prosecuted
-of prosecute

prosecuting
-of prosecute

prosecution
-the act or process of prosecuting, or of endeavoring to gain or accomplish something; pursuit by efforts of body or mind; as, the prosecution of a scheme, plan, design, or undertaking; the prosecution of war.
-the institution and carrying on of a suit in a court of law or equity, to obtain some right, or to redress and punish some wrong; the carrying on of a judicial proceeding in behalf of a complaining party, as distinguished from defense.
-the institution, or commencement, and continuance of a criminal suit; the process of exhibiting formal charges against an offender before a legal tribunal, and pursuing them to final judgment on behalf of the state or government, as by indictment or information.
-the party by whom criminal proceedings are instituted.

prosecutor
-one who prosecutes or carries on any purpose, plan, or business.
-the person who institutes and carries on a criminal suit against another in the name of the government.

prosecutrix
-a female prosecutor.

prosed
-of prose

proselyte
-a new convert especially a convert to some religion or religious sect, or to some particular opinion, system, or party; thus, a gentile converted to judaism, or a pagan converted to christianity, is a proselyte.
-to convert to some religion, opinion, or system; to bring over.

proselyted
-of proselyte

proselyting
-of proselyte

proselytism
-the act or practice of proselyting; the making of converts to a religion or a religious sect, or to any opinion, system, or party.
-conversion to a religion, system, or party.

proselytize
-to convert to some religion, system, opinion, or the like; to bring, or cause to come, over; to proselyte.
-to make converts or proselytes.

proselytizer
-one who proselytes.

proselytizing
-of proselytize

proseman
-a writer of prose.

proseminary
-a seminary which prepares pupils for a higher institution.

prosemination
-propagation by seed.

prosencephalic
-of or pertaining to the prosencephalon.

prosencephalon
-the anterior segment of the brain, including the cerebrum and olfactory lobes; the forebrain.
-the cerebrum.

prosenchyma
-a general term applied to the tissues formed of elongated cells, especially those with pointed or oblique extremities, as the principal cells of ordinary wood.

proser
-a writer of prose.
-one who talks or writes tediously.

prosiliency
-the act of leaping forth or forward; projection.

prosily
-in a prosy manner.

prosimetrical
-consisting both of prose and verse.

prosimiae
-same as lemuroidea.

prosiness
-the quality or state of being prosy; tediousness; tiresomeness.

prosing
-of prose
-writing prose; speaking or writing in a tedious or prosy manner.

prosingly
-prosily.

prosiphon
-a minute tube found in the protoconch of ammonites, and not connected with the true siphon.

proslavery
-favoring slavery.
-advocacy of slavery.

prosobranch
-one of the prosobranchiata.

prosobranchiata
-the highest division, or subclass, of gastropod mollusks, including those that have the gills situated anteriorly, or forward of the heart, and the sexes separate.

prosocoele
-the entire cavity of the prosencephalon.

prosocoelia
-same as prosocoele.

prosocoelle
-of prosocoelia

prosodiacal
-prosodical.

prosodiacally
-prosodically.

prosodial
-prosodical.

prosodian
-a prosodist.

prosodical
-of or pertaining to prosody; according to the rules of prosody.

prosody
-that part of grammar which treats of the quantity of syllables, of accent, and of the laws of versification or metrical composition.

prosoma
-the anterior of the body of an animal, as of a cephalopod; the thorax of an arthropod.

prosomata
-of prosoma

prosopalgia
-facial neuralgia.

prosopocephala
-same as scaphopoda.

prosopolepsy
-respect of persons; especially, a premature opinion or prejudice against a person, formed from his external appearance.

prosopop/ia
-a figure by which things are represented as persons, or by which things inanimate are spoken of as animated beings; also, a figure by which an absent person is introduced as speaking, or a deceased person is represented as alive and present. it includes personification, but is more extensive in its signification.

prosopulmonata
-a division of pulmonate mollusks having the breathing organ situated on the neck, as in the common snail.

prospect
-that which is embraced by eye in vision; the region which the eye overlooks at one time; view; scene; outlook.
-especially, a picturesque or widely extended view; a landscape; hence, a sketch of a landscape.
-a position affording a fine view; a lookout.
-relative position of the front of a building or other structure; face; relative aspect.
-the act of looking forward; foresight; anticipation; as, a prospect of the future state.
-that which is hoped for; ground for hope or expectation; expectation; probable result; as, the prospect of success.
-to look over; to explore or examine for something; as, to prospect a district for gold.
-to make a search; to seek; to explore, as for mines or the like; as, to prospect for gold.

prospected
-of prospect

prospecting
-of prospect

prospection
-the act of looking forward, or of providing for future wants; foresight.

prospective
-of or pertaining to a prospect; furnishing a prospect; perspective.
-looking forward in time; acting with foresight;
-- opposed to retrospective.
-being within view or consideration, as a future event or contingency; relating to the future: expected; as, a prospective benefit.
-the scene before or around, in time or in space; view; prospect.
-a perspective glass.

prospectively
-in a prospective manner.

prospectiveness
-quality of being prospective.

prospectless
-having no prospect.

prospector
-one who prospects; especially, one who explores a region for minerals and precious metals.

prospectus
-a summary, plan, or scheme of something proposed, affording a prospect of its nature; especially, an exposition of the scheme of an unpublished literary work.

prosper
-to favor; to render successful.
-to be successful; to succeed; to be fortunate or prosperous; to thrive; to make gain.
-to grow; to increase.

prospered
-of prosper

prospering
-of prosper

prosperity
-the state of being prosperous; advance or gain in anything good or desirable; successful progress in any business or enterprise; attainment of the object desired; good fortune; success; as, commercial prosperity; national prosperity.

prosperous
-tending to prosperity; favoring; favorable; helpful.
-being prospered; advancing in the pursuit of anything desirable; making gain, or increase; thriving; successful; as, a prosperous voyage; a prosperous undertaking; a prosperous man or nation.

prosphysis
-a growing together of parts; specifically, a morbid adhesion of the eyelids to each other or to the eyeball.

prospicience
-the act of looking forward.

prostate
-standing before;
-- applied to a gland which is found in the males of most mammals, and is situated at the neck of the bladder where this joins the urethra.
-the prostate gland.

prostatic
-of or pertaining to the prostate gland.

prostatitis
-inflammation of the prostate.

prosternation
-dejection; depression.

prosternum
-the ventral plate of the prothorax of an insect.

prosthesis
-the addition to the human body of some artificial part, to replace one that is wanting, as a log or an eye;
-- called also prothesis.
-the prefixing of one or more letters to the beginning of a word, as in beloved.

prosthetic
-of or pertaining to prosthesis; prefixed, as a letter or letters to a word.

prostibulous
-of or pertaining to prostitutes or prostitution; meretricious.

prostitute
-to offer, as a woman, to a lewd use; to give up to lewdness for hire.
-to devote to base or unworthy purposes; to give up to low or indiscriminate use; as, to prostitute talents; to prostitute official powers.
-openly given up to lewdness; devoted to base or infamous purposes.
-a woman giver to indiscriminate lewdness; a strumpet; a harlot.
-a base hireling; a mercenary; one who offers himself to infamous employments for hire.

prostituted
-of prostitute

prostituting
-of prostitute

prostitution
-the act or practice of prostituting or offering the body to an indiscriminate intercourse with men; common lewdness of a woman.
-the act of setting one's self to sale, or of devoting to infamous purposes what is in one's power; as, the prostitution of abilities; the prostitution of the press.

prostitutor
-one who prostitutes; one who submits himself, of or offers another, to vile purposes.

prostomia
-of prostomium

prostomium
-that portion of the head of an annelid situated in front of the mouth.

prostrate
-lying at length, or with the body extended on the ground or other surface; stretched out; as, to sleep prostrate.
-lying at mercy, as a supplicant.
-lying in a humble, lowly, or suppliant posture.
-trailing on the ground; procumbent.
-to lay fiat; to throw down; to level; to fell; as, to prostrate the body; to prostrate trees or plants.
-to overthrow; to demolish; to destroy; to deprive of efficiency; to ruin; as, to prostrate a village; to prostrate a government; to prostrate law or justice.
-to throw down, or cause to fall in humility or adoration; to cause to bow in humble reverence; used reflexively; as, he prostrated himself.
-to cause to sink totally; to deprive of strength; to reduce; as, a person prostrated by fever.

prostrated
-of prostrate

prostrating
-of prostrate

prostration
-the act of prostrating, throwing down, or laying fiat; as, the prostration of the body.
-the act of falling down, or of bowing in humility or adoration; primarily, the act of falling on the face, but usually applied to kneeling or bowing in reverence and worship.
-the condition of being prostrate; great depression; lowness; dejection; as, a postration of spirits.
-a latent, not an exhausted, state of the vital energies; great oppression of natural strength and vigor.

prostyle
-having columns in front.
-a prostyle portico or building.

prosy
-of or pertaining to prose; like prose.
-dull and tedious in discourse or writing; prosaic.

prosylogism
-a syllogism preliminary or logically essential to another syllogism; the conclusion of such a syllogism, which becomes a premise of the following syllogism.

protactic
-giving a previous narrative or explanation, as of the plot or personages of a play; introductory.

protagon
-a nitrogenous phosphorized principle found in brain tissue. by decomposition it yields neurine, fatty acids, and other bodies.

protagonist
-one who takes the leading part in a drama; hence, one who takes lead in some great scene, enterprise, conflict, or the like.

protamin
-an amorphous nitrogenous substance found in the spermatic fluid of salmon. it is soluble in water, which an alkaline reaction, and unites with acids and metallic bases.

protandric
-having male sexual organs while young, and female organs later in life.

protandrous
-proterandrous.

protasis
-a proposition; a maxim.
-the introductory or subordinate member of a sentence, generally of a conditional sentence;
-- opposed to apodosis. see apodosis.
-the first part of a drama, of a poem, or the like; the introduction; opposed to epitasis.

protatic
-of or pertaining to the protasis of an ancient play; introductory.

proteaceous
-of or pertaining to the proteaceae, an order of apetalous evergreen shrubs, mostly natives of the cape of good hope or of australia.

protean
-of or pertaining to proteus; characteristic of proteus.
-exceedingly variable; readily assuming different shapes or forms; as, an amoeba is a protean animalcule.

proteanly
-in a protean manner.

protect
-to cover or shield from danger or injury; to defend; to guard; to preserve in safety; as, a father protects his children.

protected
-of protect

protecting
-of protect

protectingly
-by way of protection; in a protective manner.

protection
-the act of protecting, or the state of being protected; preservation from loss, injury, or annoyance; defense; shelter; as, the weak need protection.
-that which protects or preserves from injury; a defense; a shield; a refuge.
-a writing that protects or secures from molestation or arrest; a pass; a safe
-conduct; a passport.
-a theory, or a policy, of protecting the producers in a country from foreign competition in the home market by the imposition of such discriminating duties on goods of foreign production as will restrict or prevent their importation;
-- opposed to free trade.

protectionism
-the doctrine or policy of protectionists. see protection, 4.

protectionist
-one who favors protection. see protection, 4.

protective
-affording protection; sheltering; defensive.

protectiveness
-the quality or state of being protective.

protector
-one who, or that which, defends or shields from injury, evil, oppression, etc.; a defender; a guardian; a patron.
-one having the care of the kingdom during the king's minority; a regent.
-a cardinal, from one of the more considerable roman catholic nations, who looks after the interests of his people at rome; also, a cardinal who has the same relation to a college, religious order, etc.

protectoral
-of or pertaining to a protector; protectorial; as, protectoral power.

protectorate
-government by a protector;
-- applied especially to the government of england by oliver cromwell.
-the authority assumed by a superior power over an inferior or a dependent one, whereby the former protects the latter from invasion and shares in the management of its affairs.

protectorial
-same as protectoral.

protectorless
-having no protector; unprotected.

protectorship
-the office of a protector or regent; protectorate.

protectress
-alt. of protectrix

protectrix
-a woman who protects.

protege
-alt. of protegee

protegee
-one under the care and protection of another.

proteid
-one of a class of amorphous nitrogenous principles, containing, as a rule, a small amount of sulphur; an albuminoid, as blood fibrin, casein of milk, etc. proteids are present in nearly all animal fluids and make up the greater part of animal tissues and organs. they are also important constituents of vegetable tissues. see 2d note under food.

proteidea
-an order of aquatic amphibians having prominent external gills and four legs. it includes proteus and menobranchus (necturus). called also proteoidea, and proteida.

proteiform
-changeable in form; resembling a proteus, or an amoeba.

protein
-a body now known as alkali albumin, but originally considered to be the basis of all albuminous substances, whence its name.

proteinaceous
-of or related to protein; albuminous; proteid.

proteinous
-proteinaceuos.

proteles
-a south africa genus of carnivora, allied to the hyenas, but smaller and having weaker jaws and teeth. it includes the aard
-wolf.

protend
-to hold out; to stretch forth.

protended
-of protend

protending
-of protend

protense
-extension.

protension
-a drawing out; extension.

protensive
-drawn out; extended.

proteolysis
-the digestion or dissolving of proteid matter by proteolytic ferments.

proteolytic
-converting proteid or albuminous matter into soluble and diffusible products, as peptones.

proterandrous
-having the stamens come to maturity before the pistil;
-- opposed to proterogynous.

proterandry
-the condition of being proterandrous.

proteranthous
-having flowers appearing before the leaves;
-- said of certain plants.

proteroglypha
-a suborder of serpents including those that have permanently erect grooved poison fangs, with ordinary teeth behind them in the jaws. it includes the cobras, the asps, and the sea snakes. called also proteroglyphia.

proterogynous
-having the pistil come to maturity before the stamens; protogynous;
-- opposed to proterandrous.

proterosaurus
-an extinct genus of reptiles of the permian period. called also protosaurus.

protervity
-peevishness; petulance.

protest
-to affirm in a public or formal manner; to bear witness; to declare solemnly; to avow.
-to make a solemn declaration (often a written one) expressive of opposition;
-- with against; as, he protest against your votes.
-to make a solemn declaration or affirmation of; to proclaim; to display; as, to protest one's loyalty.
-to call as a witness in affirming or denying, or to prove an affirmation; to appeal to.
-a solemn declaration of opinion, commonly a formal objection against some act; especially, a formal and solemn declaration, in writing, of dissent from the proceedings of a legislative body; as, the protest of lords in parliament.
-a solemn declaration in writing, in due form, made by a notary public, usually under his notarial seal, on behalf of the holder of a bill or note, protesting against all parties liable for any loss or damage by the nonacceptance or nonpayment of the bill, or by the nonpayment of the note, as the case may be.
-a declaration made by the master of a vessel before a notary, consul, or other authorized officer, upon his arrival in port after a disaster, stating the particulars of it, and showing that any damage or loss sustained was not owing to the fault of the vessel, her officers or crew, but to the perils of the sea, etc., ads the case may be, and protesting against them.
-a declaration made by a party, before or while paying a tax, duty, or the like, demanded of him, which he deems illegal, denying the justice of the demand, and asserting his rights and claims, in order to show that the payment was not voluntary.

protestancy
-protestantism.

protestant
-one who protests;
-- originally applied to those who adhered to luther, and protested against, or made a solemn declaration of dissent from, a decree of the emperor charles v. and the diet of spires, in 1529, against the reformers, and appealed to a general council;
-- now used in a popular sense to designate any christian who does not belong to the roman catholic or the greek church.
-making a protest; protesting.
-of or pertaining to the faith and practice of those christians who reject the authority of the roman catholic church; as, protestant writers.

protestantical
-protestant.

protestantism
-the quality or state of being protestant, especially against the roman catholic church; the principles or religion of the protestants.

protestantly
-like a protestant; in conformity with protestantism.

protestation
-the act of making a protest; a public avowal; a solemn declaration, especially of dissent.
-formerly, a declaration in common
-law pleading, by which the party interposes an oblique allegation or denial of some fact, protesting that it does or does not exist, and at the same time avoiding a direct affirmation or denial.

protestator
-one who makes protestation; a protester.

protested
-of protest

protester
-one who protests; one who utters a solemn declaration.
-one who protests a bill of exchange, or note.

protesting
-of protest

protestingly
-by way of protesting.

proteus
-a sea god in the service of neptune who assumed different shapes at will. hence, one who easily changes his appearance or principles.
-a genus of aquatic eel
-shaped amphibians found in caves in austria. they have permanent external gills as well as lungs. the eyes are small and the legs are weak.
-a changeable protozoan; an amoeba.

prothalamion
-alt. of prothalamium

prothalamium
-a song in celebration of a marriage.

prothalli
-of prothallus

prothallia
-of prothallium

prothallium
-same as prothallus.

prothallus
-the minute primary growth from the spore of ferns and other pteridophyta, which bears the true sexual organs; the oophoric generation of ferns, etc.

prothesis
-a credence table;
-- so called by the eastern or greek church.
-see prosthesis.

prothetic
-of or pertaining to prothesis; as, a prothetic apparatus.

prothonotary
-alt. of protonotary

prothonotaryship
-office of a prothonotary.

prothoracic
-of or pertaining to the prothorax.

prothorax
-the first or anterior segment of the thorax in insects. see illusts. of butterfly and coleoptera.

prothyalosomata
-of pro thyalosoma

prothyalosome
-same as prothyalosoma.

protist
-one of the protista.

protista
-a provisional group in which are placed a number of low microscopic organisms of doubtful nature. some are probably plants, others animals.
-of protiston

protiston
-one of the protista.

proto
-
-a combining form prefix signifying first, primary, primordial; as, protomartyr, the first martyr; protomorphic, primitive in form; protoplast, a primordial organism; prototype, protozoan.
-denoting the first or lowest of a series, or the one having the smallest amount of the element to the name of which it is prefixed; as protoxide, protochloride, etc.
-sometimes used as equivalent to mono
-, as indicating that the compound has but one atom of the element to the name of which it is prefixed. also used adjectively.

proto
-doric
-pertaining to, or designating, architecture, in which the beginnings of the doric style are supposed to be found.

protocanonical
-of or pertaining to the first canon, or that which contains the authorized collection of the books of scripture;
-- opposed to deutero
-canonical.

protocatechuic
-pertaining to, derived from, or designating, an organic acid which is obtained as a white crystalline substance from catechin, asafetida, oil of cloves, etc., and by distillation itself yields pyrocatechin.

protocercal
-having a caudal fin extending around the end of the vertebral column, like that which is first formed in the embryo of fishes; diphycercal.

protococcus
-a genus of minute unicellular algae including the red snow plant (protococcus nivalis).

protocol
-the original copy of any writing, as of a deed, treaty, dispatch, or other instrument.
-the minutes, or rough draught, of an instrument or transaction.
-a preliminary document upon the basis of which negotiations are carried on.
-a convention not formally ratified.
-an agreement of diplomatists indicating the results reached by them at a particular stage of a negotiation.
-to make a protocol of.
-to make or write protocols, or first draughts; to issue protocols.

protocolist
-one who draughts protocols.

protoconch
-the embryonic shell, or first chamber, of ammonites and other cephalopods.

protogine
-a kind of granite or gneiss containing a silvery talcose mineral.

protogynous
-same as proterogynous.

protohippus
-a genus of fossil horses from the lower pliocene. they had three toes on each foot, the lateral ones being small.

protomartyr
-the first martyr; the first who suffers, or is sacrificed, in any cause;
-- applied esp. to stephen, the first christian martyr.

protomerite
-the second segment of one of the gregarinae.

protomorphic
-having the most primitive character; in the earliest form; as, a protomorphic layer of tissue.

protonema
-the primary growth from the spore of a moss, usually consisting of branching confervoid filaments, on any part of which stem and leaf buds may be developed.

protonemata
-of protonema

protonotary
-a chief notary or clerk.
-formerly, a chief clerk in the court of king's bench and in the court of common pleas, now superseded by the master.
-a register or chief clerk of a court in certain states of the united states.
-formerly, one who had the charge of writing the acts of the martyrs, and the circumstances of their death; now, one of twelve persons, constituting a college in the roman curia, whose office is to register pontifical acts and to make and preserve the official record of beatifications.
-the chief secretary of the patriarch of constantinople.
-same as prothonotary.

protoorganism
-an organism whose nature is so difficult to determine that it might be referred to either the animal or the vegetable kingdom.

protopapas
-a protopope.

protophyte
-any unicellular plant, or plant forming only a plasmodium, having reproduction only by fission, gemmation, or cell division.

protophytology
-paleobotany.

protopine
-an alkaloid found in opium in small quantities, and extracted as a white crystalline substance.

protoplasm
-the viscid and more or less granular material of vegetable and animal cells, possessed of vital properties by which the processes of nutrition, secretion, and growth go forward; the so
-called " physical basis of life;" the original cell substance, cytoplasm, cytoblastema, bioplasm sarcode, etc.

protoplasmatic
-protoplasmic.

protoplasmic
-of or pertaining to the first formation of living bodies.
-of or pertaining to protoplasm; consisting of, or resembling, protoplasm.

protoplast
-the thing first formed; that of which there are subsequent copies or reproductions; the original.
-a first
-formed organized body; the first individual, or pair of individuals, of a species.

protoplasta
-a division of fresh
-water rhizopods including those that have a soft body and delicate branched pseudopodia. the genus gromia is one of the best
-known.

protoplastic
-first
-formed.

protopodite
-the basal portion, or two proximal and more or less consolidated segments, of an appendage of a crustacean.

protopope
-one of the clergy of first rank in the lower order of secular clergy; an archpriest;
-- called also protopapas.

protopterus
-see komtok.

protosalt
-a salt derived from a protoxide base.

protosilicate
-a silicate formed with the lowest proportion of silicic acid, or having but one atom of silicon in the molecule.

protosomite
-one of the primitive segments, or metameres, of an animal.

protosulphide
-that one of a series of sulphides of any element which has the lowest proportion of sulphur; a sulphide with but one atom of sulphur in the molecule.

protosulphuret
-a protosulphide.

prototheria
-same as monotremata.

prototracheata
-same as malacopoda.

prototype
-an original or model after which anything is copied; the pattern of anything to be engraved, or otherwise copied, cast, or the like; a primary form; exemplar; archetype.

protovertebra
-one of the primitive masses, or segments, into which the mesoblast of the vertebrate embryo breaks up on either side of the anterior part of the notochord; a mesoblastic, or protovertebral, somite. see illust. of ectoderm.

protovertebrae
-of protovertebra

protovertebral
-of or pertaining to the protovertebrae.

protoxide
-that one of a series of oxides having the lowest proportion of oxygen. see proto
-, 2 (b).

protoxidize
-to combine with oxygen, as any elementary substance, in such proportion as to form a protoxide.

protozoa
-the lowest of the grand divisions of the animal kingdom.
-of protozoon

protozoan
-of or pertaining to the protozoa.
-one of the protozoa.

protozoic
-of or pertaining to the protozoa.
-containing remains of the earliest discovered life of the globe, which included mollusks, radiates and protozoans.

protozoon
-one of the protozoa.
-a single zooid of a compound protozoan.

protozoonite
-one of the primary, or first
-formed, segments of an embryonic arthropod.

protracheata
-same as malacopoda.

protract
-to draw out or lengthen in time or (rarely) in space; to continue; to prolong; as, to protract an argument; to protract a war.
-to put off to a distant time; to delay; to defer; as, to protract a decision or duty.
-to draw to a scale; to lay down the lines and angles of, with scale and protractor; to plot.
-to extend; to protrude; as, the cat can protract its claws;
-- opposed to retract.
-tedious continuance or delay.

protracted
-of protract
-prolonged; continued.

protracter
-a protractor.

protractile
-capable of being protracted, or protruded; protrusile.

protracting
-of protract

protraction
-a drawing out, or continuing; the act of delaying the termination of a thing; prolongation; continuance; delay; as, the protraction of a debate.
-the act or process of making a plot on paper.
-a plot on paper.

protractive
-drawing out or lengthening in time; prolonging; continuing; delaying.

protractor
-one who, or that which, protracts, or causes protraction.
-a mathematical instrument for laying down and measuring angles on paper, used in drawing or in plotting. it is of various forms, semicircular, rectangular, or circular.
-an instrument formerly used in extracting foreign or offensive matter from a wound.
-a muscle which extends an organ or part;
-- opposed to retractor.
-an adjustable pattern used by tailors.

protreptical
-adapted to persuade; hortatory; persuasive.

protrudable
-that may be protruded; protrusile.

protrude
-to thrust forward; to drive or force along.
-to thrust out, as through a narrow orifice or from confinement; to cause to come forth.
-to shoot out or forth; to be thrust forward; to extend beyond a limit; to project.

protruded
-of protrude

protruding
-of protrude

protrusile
-capable of being protruded or thrust out; protractile; protrusive.

protrusion
-the act of protruding or thrusting forward, or beyond the usual limit.
-the state of being protruded, or thrust forward.

protrusive
-thrusting or impelling forward; as, protrusive motion.
-capable of being protruded; protrusile.

protrusively
-in a protrusive manner.

protuberance
-that which is protuberant swelled or pushed beyond the surrounding or adjacent surface; a swelling or tumor on the body; a prominence; a bunch or knob; an elevation.

protuberancy
-the quality or state of being protuberant; protuberance; prominence.

protuberant
-prominent, or excessively prominent; bulging beyond the surrounding or adjacent surface; swelling; as, a protuberant joint; a protuberant eye.

protuberate
-to swell, or be prominent, beyond the adjacent surface; to bulge out.

protuberation
-the act of swelling beyond the surrounding surface.

protuberous
-protuberant.

protureter
-the duct of a pronephros.

protyle
-the hypothetical homogeneous cosmic material of the original universe, supposed to have been differentiated into what are recognized as distinct chemical elements.

proud
-feeling or manifesting pride, in a good or bad sense
-possessing or showing too great self
-esteem; overrating one's excellences; hence, arrogant; haughty; lordly; presumptuous.
-having a feeling of high self
-respect or self
-esteem; exulting (in); elated;
-- often with of; as, proud of one's country.
-giving reason or occasion for pride or self
-gratulation; worthy of admiration; grand; splendid; magnificent; admirable; ostentatious.
-excited by sexual desire;
-- applied particularly to the females of some animals.

proudish
-somewhat proud.

proudling
-a proud or haughty person.

proudly
-in a proud manner; with lofty airs or mien; haughtily; arrogantly; boastfully.

proudness
-the quality of being proud; pride.

proustite
-a sulphide of arsenic and silver of a beautiful cochineal
-red color, occurring in rhombohedral crystals, and also massive; ruby silver.

provable
-capable of being proved; demonstrable.

provand
-alt. of proant

provant
-to supply with provender or provisions; to provide for.
-provided for common or general use, as in an army; hence, common in quality; inferior.

prove
-to try or to ascertain by an experiment, or by a test or standard; to test; as, to prove the strength of gunpowder or of ordnance; to prove the contents of a vessel by a standard measure.
-to evince, establish, or ascertain, as truth, reality, or fact, by argument, testimony, or other evidence.
-to ascertain or establish the genuineness or validity of; to verify; as, to prove a will.
-to gain experience of the good or evil of; to know by trial; to experience; to suffer.
-to test, evince, ascertain, or verify, as the correctness of any operation or result; thus, in subtraction, if the difference between two numbers, added to the lesser number, makes a sum equal to the greater, the correctness of the subtraction is proved.
-to take a trial impression of; to take a proof of; as, to prove a page.
-to make trial; to essay.
-to be found by experience, trial, or result; to turn out to be; as, a medicine proves salutary; the report proves false.
-to succeed; to turn out as expected.

provect
-carried forward; advanced.

provection
-a carrying forward, as of a final letter, to a following word; as, for example, a nickname for an ekename.

proved
-of prove

proveditor
-one employed to procure supplies, as for an army, a steamer, etc.; a purveyor; one who provides for another.

provedore
-a proveditor; a purveyor.

proven
-proved.

proven/al
-of or pertaining to provence or its inhabitants.
-a native or inhabitant of provence in france.
-the provencal language. see langue d'oc.

provence rose
-the cabbage rose (rosa centifolia).
-a name of many kinds of roses which are hybrids of rosa centifolia and r. gallica.

provencial
-of or pertaining to provence in france.

provend
-see provand.

provender
-dry food for domestic animals, as hay, straw, corn, oats, or a mixture of ground grain; feed.
-food or provisions.

provent
-see provand.

proventricle
-proventriculus.

proventriulus
-the glandular stomach of birds, situated just above the crop.

prover
-one who, or that which, proves.

proverb
-an old and common saying; a phrase which is often repeated; especially, a sentence which briefly and forcibly expresses some practical truth, or the result of experience and observation; a maxim; a saw; an adage.
-a striking or paradoxical assertion; an obscure saying; an enigma; a parable.
-a familiar illustration; a subject of contemptuous reference.
-a drama exemplifying a proverb.
-to name in, or as, a proverb.
-to provide with a proverb.
-to write or utter proverbs.

proverbial
-mentioned or comprised in a proverb; used as a proverb; hence, commonly known; as, a proverbial expression; his meanness was proverbial.
-of or pertaining to proverbs; resembling a proverb.

proverbialism
-a proverbial phrase.

proverbialist
-one who makes much use of proverbs in speech or writing; one who composes, collects, or studies proverbs.

proverbialize
-to turn into a proverb; to speak in proverbs.

proverbially
-in a proverbial manner; by way of proverb; hence, commonly; universally; as, it is proverbially said; the bee is proverbially busy.

provessel
-openly declared, avowed, acknowledged, or claimed; as, a professed foe; a professed tyrant; a professed christian.

provexity
-great advance in age.

provide
-to look out for in advance; to procure beforehand; to get, collect, or make ready for future use; to prepare.
-to supply; to afford; to contribute.
-to furnish; to supply;
-- formerly followed by of, now by with.
-to establish as a previous condition; to stipulate; as, the contract provides that the work be well done.
-to foresee.
-to appoint to an ecclesiastical benefice before it is vacant. see provisor.
-to procure supplies or means in advance; to take measures beforehand in view of an expected or a possible future need, especially a danger or an evil;
-- followed by against or for; as, to provide against the inclemency of the weather; to provide for the education of a child.
-to stipulate previously; to condition; as, the agreement provides for an early completion of the work.

provided
-of provide
-on condition; by stipulation; with the understanding; if;
-- usually followed by that; as, provided that nothing in this act shall prejudice the rights of any person whatever.

providence
-the act of providing or preparing for future use or application; a making ready; preparation.
-foresight; care; especially, the foresight and care which god manifests for his creatures; hence, god himself, regarded as exercising a constant wise prescience.
-a manifestation of the care and superintendence which god exercises over his creatures; an event ordained by divine direction.
-prudence in the management of one's concerns; economy; frugality.

provident
-foreseeing wants and making provision to supply them; prudent in preparing for future exigencies; cautious; economical;
-- sometimes followed by of; as, aprovident man; an animal provident of the future.

providential
-effected by, or referable to, divine direction or superintendence; as, the providential contrivance of thing; a providential escape.

providently
-in a provident manner.

providentness
-the quality or state of being provident; carefulness; prudence; economy.

provider
-one who provides, furnishes, or supplies; one who procures what is wanted.

providing
-of provide

providore
-one who makes provision; a purveyor.

province
-a country or region, more or less remote from the city of rome, brought under the roman government; a conquered country beyond the limits of italy.
-a country or region dependent on a distant authority; a portion of an empire or state, esp. one remote from the capital.
-a region of country; a tract; a district.
-a region under the supervision or direction of any special person; the district or division of a country, especially an ecclesiastical division, over which one has jurisdiction; as, the province of canterbury, or that in which the archbishop of canterbury exercises ecclesiastical authority.
-the proper or appropriate business or duty of a person or body; office; charge; jurisdiction; sphere.
-specif.: any political division of the dominion of canada, having a governor, a local legislature, and representation in the dominion parliament. hence, colloquially, the provinces, the dominion of canada.

provincial
-of or pertaining to province; constituting a province; as, a provincial government; a provincial dialect.
-exhibiting the ways or manners of a province; characteristic of the inhabitants of a province; not cosmopolitan; countrified; not polished; rude; hence, narrow; illiberal.
-of or pertaining to an ecclesiastical province, or to the jurisdiction of an archbishop; not ecumenical; as, a provincial synod.
-of or pertaining to provence; provencal.
-a person belonging to a province; one who is provincial.
-a monastic superior, who, under the general of his order, has the direction of all the religious houses of the same fraternity in a given district, called a province of the order.

provincialism
-a word, or a manner of speaking, peculiar to a province or a district remote from the mother country or from the metropolis; a provincial characteristic; hence, narrowness; illiberality.

provincialist
-one who lives in a province; a provincial.

provinciality
-the quality or state of being provincial; peculiarity of language characteristic of a province.

provincialize
-to render provincial.

provincialized
-of provincialize

provincializing
-of provincialize

provincially
-in a provincial manner.

provinciate
-to convert into a province or provinces.

provine
-to lay a stock or branch of a vine in the ground for propagation.

proving
-of prove

provision
-the act of providing, or making previous preparation.
-that which is provided or prepared; that which is brought together or arranged in advance; measures taken beforehand; preparation.
-especially, a stock of food; any kind of eatables collected or stored;
-- often in the plural.
-that which is stipulated in advance; a condition; a previous agreement; a proviso; as, the provisions of a contract; the statute has many provisions.
-a canonical term for regular induction into a benefice, comprehending nomination, collation, and installation.
-a nomination by the pope to a benefice before it became vacant, depriving the patron of his right of presentation.
-to supply with food; to victual; as, to provision a garrison.

provisional
-of the nature of a provision; serving as a provision for the time being;
-- used of partial or temporary arrangements; as, a provisional government; a provisional treaty.

provisionally
-by way of provision for the time being; temporarily.

provisionary
-provisional.

provisioned
-of provision

provisioning
-of provision

proviso
-an article or clause in any statute, agreement, contract, grant, or other writing, by which a condition is introduced, usually beginning with the word provided; a conditional stipulation that affects an agreement, contract, law, grant, or the like; as, the contract was impaired by its proviso.

provisor
-one who provides; a purveyor.
-the purveyor, steward, or treasurer of a religious house.
-one who is regularly inducted into a benefice. see provision, 5.
-one who procures or receives a papal provision. see provision, 6.

provisorily
-in a provisory manner; conditionally; subject to a proviso; as, to admit a doctrine provisorily.

provisorship
-the office or position of a provisor.

provisory
-of the nature of a proviso; containing a proviso or condition; conditional; as, a provisory clause.
-making temporary provision; provisional.

provisos
-of proviso

provocation
-the act of provoking, or causing vexation or, anger.
-that which provokes, or excites anger; the cause of resentment; as, to give provocation.
-incitement; stimulus; as, provocation to mirth.
-such prior insult or injury as may be supposed, under the circumstances, to create hot blood, and to excuse an assault made in retort or redress.
-an appeal to a court. [a latinism]

provocative
-serving or tending to provoke, excite, or stimulate; exciting.
-anything that is provocative; a stimulant; as, a provocative of appetite.

provocativeness
-quality of being provocative.

provocatory
-provocative.

provokable
-that may be provoked.

provoke
-to call forth; to call into being or action; esp., to incense to action, a faculty or passion, as love, hate, or ambition; hence, commonly, to incite, as a person, to action by a challenge, by taunts, or by defiance; to exasperate; to irritate; to offend intolerably; to cause to retaliate.
-to cause provocation or anger.
-to appeal. [a latinism]

provoked
-of provoke

provokement
-the act that which, provokes; one who excites anger or other passion, or incites to action; as, a provoker of sedition.

provoking
-of provoke
-having the power or quality of exciting resentment; tending to awaken passion or vexation; as, provoking words or treatment.

provost
-a person who is appointed to superintend, or preside over, something; the chief magistrate in some cities and towns; as, the provost of edinburgh or of glasgow, answering to the mayor of other cities; the provost of a college, answering to president; the provost or head of certain collegiate churches.
-the keeper of a prison.

provostship
-the office of a provost.

prow
-the fore part of a vessel; the bow; the stem; hence, the vessel itself.
-see proa.
-valiant; brave; gallant; courageous.
-benefit; profit; good; advantage.

prowess
-distinguished bravery; valor; especially, military bravery and skill; gallantry; intrepidity; fearlessness.

prowl
-to rove over, through, or about in a stealthy manner; esp., to search in, as for prey or booty.
-to collect by plunder; as, to prowl money.
-to rove or wander stealthily, esp. for prey, as a wild beast; hence, to prey; to plunder.
-the act of prowling.

prowled
-of prowl

prowler
-one that prowls.

prowling
-of prowl
-accustomed to prowl, or engaged in roving stealthily, as for prey.

prox
-"the ticket or list of candidates at elections, presented to the people for their votes."

proxene
-an officer who had the charge of showing hospitality to those who came from a friendly city or state.

proxenet
-a negotiator; a factor.

proxies
-of proxy

proximad
-toward a proximal part; on the proximal side of; proximally.

proximal
-toward or nearest, as to a body, or center of motion of dependence; proximate.
-situated near the point of attachment or origin; as, the proximal part of a limb.
-of or pertaining to that which is proximal; as, the proximal bones of a limb. opposed to distal.

proximally
-on or toward a proximal part; proximad.

proximate
-nearest; next immediately preceding or following.

proximately
-in a proximate manner, position, or degree; immediately.

proxime
-next; immediately preceding or following.

proximious
-proximate.

proximity
-the quality or state of being next in time, place, causation, influence, etc.; immediate nearness, either in place, blood, or alliance.

proximo
-in the next month after the present;
-- often contracted to prox.; as, on the 3d proximo.

proxy
-the agency for another who acts through the agent; authority to act for another, esp. to vote in a legislative or corporate capacity.
-the person who is substituted or deputed to act or vote for another.
-a writing by which one person authorizes another to vote in his stead, as in a corporation meeting.
-the written appointment of a proctor in suits in the ecclesiastical courts.
-see procuration.
-to act or vote by proxy; to do anything by the agency of another.

proxyship
-the office or agency of a proxy.

pruce
-prussian leather.

prude
-a woman of affected modesty, reserve, or coyness; one who is overscrupulous or sensitive; one who affects extraordinary prudence in conduct and speech.

prudence
-the quality or state of being prudent; wisdom in the way of caution and provision; discretion; carefulness; hence, also, economy; frugality.

prudency
-prudence.

prudent
-sagacious in adapting means to ends; circumspect in action, or in determining any line of conduct; practically wise; judicious; careful; discreet; sensible;
-- opposed to rash; as, a prudent man; dictated or directed by prudence or wise forethought; evincing prudence; as, prudent behavior.
-frugal; economical; not extravagant; as, a prudent woman; prudent expenditure of money.

prudential
-proceeding from, or dictated or characterized by, prudence; prudent; discreet; sometimes, selfish or pecuniary as distinguished from higher motives or influences; as, prudential motives.
-exercising prudence; discretionary; advisory; superintending or executive; as, a prudential committee.
-that which relates to or demands the exercise of, discretion or prudence;
-- usually in the pl.

prudentialist
-one who is governed by, or acts from, prudential motives.

prudentiality
-the quality or state of being prudential.

prudentially
-in a prudential manner; prudently.

prudently
-in a prudent manner.

pruderies
-of prudery

prudery
-the quality or state of being prudish; excessive or affected scrupulousness in speech or conduct; stiffness; coyness.

prudhomme
-a trustworthy citizen; a skilled workman. see citation under 3d commune, 1.

prudish
-like a prude; very formal, precise, or reserved; affectedly severe in virtue; as, a prudish woman; prudish manners.

prudishly
-in a prudish manner.

pruinate
-same as pruinose.

pruinose
-frosty; covered with fine scales, hairs, dust, bloom, or the like, so as to give the appearance of frost.

pruinous
-frosty; pruinose.

prune
-to lop or cut off the superfluous parts, branches, or shoots of; to clear of useless material; to shape or smooth by trimming; to trim: as, to prune trees; to prune an essay.
-to cut off or cut out, as useless parts.
-to preen; to prepare; to dress.
-to dress; to prink;
-used humorously or in contempt.
-a plum; esp., a dried plum, used in cookery; as, french or turkish prunes; california prunes.

pruned
-of prune

prunella
-angina, or angina pectoris.
-thrush.
-alt. of prunello

prunelle
-a kind of small and very acid french plum;
-- applied especially to the stoned and dried fruit.

prunello
-a smooth woolen stuff, generally black, used for making shoes; a kind of lasting;
-- formerly used also for clergymen's gowns.
-a species of dried plum; prunelle.

pruner
-one who prunes, or removes, what is superfluous.
-any one of several species of beetles whose larvae gnaw the branches of trees so as to cause them to fall, especially the american oak pruner (asemum moestum), whose larva eats the pith of oak branches, and when mature gnaws a circular furrow on the inside nearly to the bark. when the branches fall each contains a pupa.

pruniferous
-bearing plums.

pruning
-of prune
-the act of trimming, or removing what is superfluous.
-that which is cast off by bird in pruning her feathers; leavings.

prunus
-a genus of trees with perigynous rosaceous flowers, and a single two
-ovuled carpel which usually becomes a drupe in ripening.

prurience
-alt. of pruriency

pruriency
-the quality or state of being prurient.

prurient
-uneasy with desire; itching; especially, having a lascivious curiosity or propensity; lustful.

pruriginous
-tending to, or caused by, prurigo; affected by, or of the nature of, prurigo.

prurigo
-a papular disease of the skin, of which intense itching is the chief symptom, the eruption scarcely differing from the healthy cuticle in color.

pruritus
-itching.

prussian
-of or pertaining to prussia.
-a native or inhabitant of prussia.

prussiate
-a salt of prussic acid; a cyanide.

prussic
-designating the acid now called hydrocyanic acid, but formerly called prussic acid, because prussian blue is derived from it or its compounds. see hydrocyanic.

prutenic
-prussian;
-- applied to certain astronomical tables published in the sixteenth century, founded on the principles of copernicus, a prussian.

pry
-a lever; also, leverage.
-to raise or move, or attempt to raise or move, with a pry or lever; to prize.
-to peep narrowly; to gaze; to inspect closely; to attempt to discover something by a scrutinizing curiosity;
-- often implying reproach.
-curious inspection; impertinent peeping.

pryan
-see prian.

prying
-of pry
-inspecting closely or impertinently.

pryingly
-in a prying manner.

prytanes
-of prytanis

prytaneum
-a public building in certain greek cities; especially, a public hall in athens regarded as the home of the community, in which official hospitality was extended to distinguished citizens and strangers.

prytanis
-a member of one of the ten sections into which the athenian senate of five hundred was divided, and to each of which belonged the presidency of the senate for about one tenth of the year.

prytany
-the period during which the presidency of the senate belonged to the prytanes of the section.

prythee
-see prithee.

proselytized
-of proselytize