Ye (ye), pron. [OE. ye, &yogh;e, nom. pl., AS. ge, gi; cf. OS. ge, gi, OFries. gi, i, D. gij, Dan. & Sw. i, Icel. er, OHG. ir, G. ihr, Goth. jus, Lith. jus, Gr. "ymei^s, Skr. yuyam. rad.189.] The plural of the pronoun of the second person in the nominative case.
"Ye ben to me right welcome heartily." Chaucer.
"But ye are washed, but ye are sanctified." 1 Cor. vi. 11.
"This would cost you your life in case ye were a man." Udall. In Old English ye was used only as a nominative, and you only as a dative or objective. In the 16th century, however, ye and you became confused and were often used interchangeably, both as nominatives and objectives, and you has now superseded ye except in solemn or poetic use. See You, and also the first Note under Thou.
"Vain pomp and glory of this world, I hate ye." Shak.
"I come, kind gentlemen, strange news to tell ye." Dryden.
Ye (ya), adv. [See Yea.] Yea; yes. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Yea (ya or ye; 277), adv. [OE. ye, ya, &yogh;e, &yogh;a, AS. geá; akin to OFries. ge, ie, OS., D., OHG., G., Dan. & Sw. ja, Icel, ja, Goth. ja, jai, and probably to Gr. "h^ truly, verily. rad.188. Cf. Yes.]
1. Yes; ay; a word expressing assent, or an affirmative, or an affirmative answer to a question, now superseded by yes. See Yes.
"Let your communication be yea, yea; nay, nay." Matt. v. 37.
2. More than this; not only so, but; — used to mark the addition of a more specific or more emphatic clause. Cf. Nay, adv. , 2.
"I therein do rejoice, yea, and will rejoice." Phil. i. 18. Yea sometimes introduces a clause, with the sense of indeed, verily, truly. "Yea, hath God said, Ye shall not eat of every tree of the garden?" Gen. iii. 1.
Yead, v. i. Properly, a variant of the defective imperfect yode, but sometimes mistaken for a present. See the Note under Yede. [Obs.]
"Years yead away and faces fair deflower." Drant.
Yean, v. t. & i. [ imp. & p. p. Yeaned p. pr. & vb. n. Yeaning.] [AS. eánian, or geeánian; perhaps akin to E. ewe, or perhaps to L. agnus, Gr. . Cf. Ean.] To bring forth young, as a goat or a sheep; to ean. Shak.
Yeanling
Yean´ling, n. [ Yean + - ling. Cf. Eanling.] A lamb or a kid; an eanling. Shak.
Year, n. [OE. yer, yeer, &yogh;er, AS. geár; akin to OFries. ir, gr, D. jaar, OHG. jar, G. jahr, Icel. a. , Dan. aar, Sw. år, Goth. jr, Gr. a season of the year, springtime, a part of the day, an hour, a year, Zend yare year. rad.4, 279. Cf. Hour, Yore.]
1. The time of the apparent revolution of the sun trough the ecliptic; the period occupied by the earth in making its revolution around the sun, called the astronomical year; also a period more or less nearly agreeing with this, adopted by various nations as a measure of time, and called the civil year; as the common lunar year of 354 days, still in use among the Mohammedans; the year of 360 days, etc. In common usage, the year consists of 365 days, and every fourth year (called bissextile, or leap year) of 366 days, a day being added to February on that year, on account of the excess above 365 days (see Bissextile).
"Of twenty year of age he was I guess." Chaucer. The civil, or legal, year, in England, formerly commenced on the 25th of March. This practice continued throughout the British dominions till the year 1752.
2. The time in which any planet completes a revolution about the sun; as the year of Jupiter or of Saturn.
3. pl. Age, or old age; as a man in years. Shak. Anomalistic year, the time of the earth’s revolution from perihelion to perihelion again, which is 365 days, 6 hours, 13 minutes, and 48 seconds. — A year’s mind (Eccl.), a commemoration of a deceased person, as by a Mass, a year after his death. Cf. A month’s mind, under Month. — Bissextile year. See Bissextile. — Canicular year. See under Canicular. — Civil year, the year adopted by any nation for the computation of time. — Common lunar year, the period of 12 lunar months, or 354 days. — Common year, each year of 365 days, as distinguished from leap year. — Embolismic year, or Intercalary lunar year, the period of 13 lunar months, or 384 days. — Fiscal year (Com.), the year by which accounts are reckoned, or the year between one annual time of settlement, or balancing of accounts, and another. — Great year. See Platonic year, under Platonic. — Gregorian year, Julian year. See under Gregorian, and Julian. — Leap year. See Leap year, in the Vocabulary. — Lunar astronomical year, the period of 12 lunar synodical months, or 354 days, 8 hours, 48 minutes, 36 seconds. - - Lunisolar year. See under Lunisolar. — Periodical year. See Anomalistic year, above. — Platonic year, Sabbatical year. See under Platonic, and Sabbatical. — Sidereal year, the time in which the sun, departing from any fixed star, returns to the same. This is 365 days, 6 hours, 9 minutes, and 9.3 seconds. — Tropical year. See under Tropical. — Year and a day (O. Eng. Law), a time to be allowed for an act or an event, in order that an entire year might be secured beyond all question. Abbott. — Year of grace, any year of the Christian era; Anno Domini; A. D. or a. d.
Yeara
Ye•a´ra, n. (Bot.) The California poison oak ( Rhus diversiloba). See under Poison, a.
Yeared, a. Containing years; having existed or continued many years; aged. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
Yearling
Year´ling, a. Being a year old. "A yearling bullock to thy name small smoke." Pope.
Yearn (yern), v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Yearned p. pr. & vb. n. Yearning.] [Also earn, ern; probably a corruption of OE. ermen to grieve, AS. ierman, yrman, or geierman, geyrman, fr. earm wretched, poor; akin to D. & G. arm, Icel. armr, Goth. arms. The y- in English is perhaps due to the AS. ge (see Y-).] To pain; to grieve; to vex. [Obs.] "She laments, sir, for it, that it would yearn your heart to see it." Shak.
"It yearns me not if men my garments wear." Shak.
Yearn, v. i. & t. [See Yearnings.] To curdle, as milk. [Scot.]
Yearnful
Yearn´ful, a. [OE. &yogh;eornful, AS. geornfull.] Desirous. [Obs.] Ormulum. P. Fletcher.
Yearnings
Yearn´ings, n. pl. [Cf. AS. geirnan, geyrnan, to rum. See 4th Earn.] The maws, or stomachs, of young calves, used as a rennet for curdling milk. [Scot.]
Yearth, n. The earth. [Obs.] "Is my son dead or hurt or on the yerthe felled?" Ld. Berners.
Yeast, n. [OE. &yogh;eest, &yogh;est, AS. gist; akin to D. gest, gist, G. gischt, gäscht, OHG. jesan, jerian, to ferment, G. gischen, gäschen, gähren, Gr. boiled, zei^n to boil, Skr. yas. rad.111.]
1. The foam, or troth ( top yeast), or the sediment ( bottom yeast), of beer or other in fermentation, which contains the yeast plant or its spores, and under certain conditions produces fermentation in saccharine or farinaceous substances; a preparation used for raising dough for bread or cakes, and making it light and puffy; barm; ferment.
2. Spume, or foam, of water.
"They melt thy yeast of waves, which mar
Alike the Armada’s pride, or spoils of Trafalgar." Byron. Yeast cake, a mealy cake impregnated with the live germs of the yeast plant, and used as a conveniently transportable substitute for yeast. — Yeast plant (Bot.), the vegetable organism, or fungus, of which beer yeast consists. The yeast plant is composed of simple cells, or granules, about one three-thousandth of an inch in diameter, often united into filaments which reproduce by budding, and under certain circumstances by the formation of spores. The name is extended to other ferments of the same genus. See Saccharomyces. - - Yeast powder, a baling powder, — used instead of yeast in leavening bread.
Yeastiness
Yeast´i•ness, n. The quality or state of being yeasty, or frothy.
Yede, obs. imp. Went. See Yode.
"All as he bade fulfilled was indeed
This ilke servant anon right out yede." Chaucer. Spenser and some later writers mistook this for a present of the defective imperfect yode. It is, however, only a variant of yode. See Yode, and cf. Yead.
"[He] on foot was forced for to yeed." Spenser
Yeldhall
Yeld´hall, n. Guildhall. [Obs.] Chaucer. {Yel´drin or Yel´drine }, n. [Cf. Yellow.] (Zoöl.) The yellow-hammer; — called also yeldrock, and yoldrin. [Prov. Eng.]
Yell (yel), v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Yelled p. pr. & vb. n. Yelling.] [OE. yellen, &yogh;ellen, AS. giellan, gillan, gyllan; akin to D. gillen, OHG. gellan, G. gellen, Icel. gjalla, Sw. gälla to ring, resound, and to AS., OS., & OHG. galan to sing, Icel. gala. Cf. 1st Gale, and Nightingale.] To cry out, or shriek, with a hideous noise; to cry or scream as with agony or horror.
"They yelleden as feendes doon in helle." Chaucer.
"Nor the night raven, that still deadly yells." Spenser.
"Infernal ghosts and hellish furies round
Environed thee; some howled, some yelled." Milton.
Yell, v. t. To utter or declare with a yell; to proclaim in a loud tone. Shak.
Yell, n. A sharp, loud, hideous outcry.
"Their hideous yells
Rend the dark welkin." J. Philips.
Yellow
Yel´low, a. [ Compar. Yellower superl. Yellowest.] [OE. yelow, yelwe, &yogh;elow, &yogh;eoluw, from AS. geolu; akin to D. geel, OS. & OHG. gelo, G. gelb, Icel. gulr, Sw. gul, Dan. guul, L. helvus light bay, Gr. young verdure, greenish yellow, Skr. hari tawny, yellowish. . Cf. Chlorine, Gall a bitter liquid, Gold, Yolk.] Being of a bright saffronlike color; of the color of gold or brass; having the hue of that part of the rainbow, or of the solar spectrum, which is between the orange and the green.
"Her yellow hair was browded [braided] in a tress." Chaucer.
"A sweaty reaper from his tillage brought
First fruits, the green ear and the yellow sheaf." Milton.
"The line of yellow light dies fast away." Keble. Yellow atrophy (Med.), a fatal affection of the liver, in which it undergoes fatty degeneration, and becomes rapidly smaller and of a deep yellow tinge. The marked symptoms are black vomit, delirium, convulsions, coma, and jaundice. — Yellow bark, calisaya bark. — Yellow bass (Zoöl.), a North American fresh-water bass ( Morone interrupta) native of the lower parts of the Mississippi and its tributaries. It is yellow, with several more or less broken black stripes or bars. Called also barfish. — Yellow berry. (Bot.) Same as Persian berry, under Persian. — Yellow boy, a gold coin, as a guinea. [Slang] Arbuthnot. — Yellow brier. (Bot.) See under Brier. — Yellow bugle (Bot.), a European labiate plant ( Ajuga Chamaepitys). — Yellow bunting (Zoöl.), the European yellow-hammer. — Yellow cat (Zoöl.), a yellow catfish; especially, the bashaw. — Yellow copperas (Min.), a hydrous sulphate of iron; — called also copiapite. — Yellow copper ore, a sulphide of copper and iron; copper pyrites. See Chalcopyrite. — Yellow cress (Bot.), a yellow-flowered, cruciferous plant ( Barbarea praecox), sometimes grown as a salad plant. — Yellow dock. (Bot.) See the Note under Dock. — Yellow earth, a yellowish clay, colored by iron, sometimes used as a yellow pigment. — Yellow fever (Med.), a malignant, contagious, febrile disease of warm climates, attended with jaundice, producing a yellow color of the skin, and with the black vomit. See Black vomit, in the Vocabulary. — Yellow flag, the quarantine flag. See under Quarantine, and 3d Flag. — Yellow jack. (a) The yellow fever. See under 2d Jack. (b) The quarantine flag. See under Quarantine. — Yellow jacket (Zoöl.), any one of several species of American social wasps of the genus Vespa, in which the color of the body is partly bright yellow. These wasps are noted for their irritability, and for their painful stings. — Yellow lead ore (Min.), wulfenite. — Yellow lemur (Zoöl.), the kinkajou. — Yellow macauco (Zoöl.), the kinkajou. — Yellow mackerel (Zoöl.), the jurel. — Yellow metal. Same as Muntz metal, under Metal. — Yellow ocher (Min.), an impure, earthy variety of brown iron ore, which is used as a pigment. — Yellow oxeye (Bot.), a yellow-flowered plant ( Chrysanthemum segetum) closely related to the oxeye daisy. — Yellow perch (Zoöl.), the common American perch. See Perch. — Yellow pike (Zoöl.), the wall-eye. — Yellow pine (Bot.), any of several kinds of pine; also their yellowish and generally durable timber. Among the most common are valuable species are Pinus mitis and P. palustris of the Eastern and Southern States, and P. ponderosa and P. Arizonica of the Rocky Mountains and Pacific States. — Yellow plover (Zoöl.), the golden plover. — Yellow precipitate (Med. Chem.), an oxide of mercury which is thrown down as an amorphous yellow powder on adding corrosive sublimate to limewater. — Yellow puccoon. (Bot.) Same as Orangeroot. — Yellow rail (Zoöl.), a small American rail ( Porzana Noveboracensis) in which the lower parts are dull yellow, darkest on the breast. The back is streaked with brownish yellow and with black, and spotted with white. Called also yellow crake. - - Yellow rattle, Yellow rocket. (Bot.) See under Rattle, and Rocket. — Yellow Sally (Zoöl.), a greenish or yellowish European stone fly of the genus Chloroperla; — so called by anglers. — Yellow sculpin (Zoöl.), the dragonet. — Yellow snake (Zoöl.), a West Indian boa ( Chilobothrus inornatus) common in Jamaica. It becomes from eight to ten long. The body is yellowish or yellowish green, mixed with black, and anteriorly with black lines. — Yellow spot. (a) (Anat.) A small yellowish spot with a central pit, the fovea centralis, in the center of the retina where vision is most accurate. See Eye. (b) (Zoöl.) A small American butterfly ( Polites Peckius) of the Skipper family. Its wings are brownish, with a large, irregular, bright yellow spot on each of the hind wings, most conspicuous beneath. Called also Peck’s skipper. See Illust. under Skipper, n. , 5. — Yellow tit (Zoöl.), any one of several species of crested titmice of the genus Machlolophus, native of India. The predominating colors of the plumage are yellow and green. — Yellow viper (Zoöl.), the fer-de-lance. — Yellow warbler (Zoöl.), any one of several species of American warblers of the genus Dendroica in which the predominant color is yellow, especially D. aestiva, which is a very abundant and familiar species; — called also garden warbler, golden warbler, summer yellowbird, summer warbler, and yellow-poll warbler. — Yellow wash (Pharm.), yellow oxide of mercury suspended in water, — a mixture prepared by adding corrosive sublimate to limewater. — Yellow wren (Zoöl.) (a) The European willow warbler. (b) The European wood warbler.
Yellow
Yel´low, n.
1. A bright golden color, reflecting more light than any other except white; the color of that part of the spectrum which is between the orange and green. "A long motley coat guarded with yellow." Shak.
2. A yellow pigment. Cadmium yellow, Chrome yellow, Indigo yellow, King’s yellow, etc. See under Cadmium, Chrome, etc. — Naples yellow, a yellow amorphous pigment, used in oil, porcelain, and enamel painting, consisting of a basic lead metantimonate, obtained by fusing together tartar emetic lead nitrate, and common salt. — Patent yellow (Old Chem.), a yellow pigment consisting essentially of a lead oxychloride; — called also Turner’s yellow.
Yellow
Yel´low, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Yellowed p. pr. & vb. n. Yellowing.] To make yellow; to cause to have a yellow tinge or color; to dye yellow.
Yellow Book. [F. livre jaune.] In France, an official government publication bound in yellow covers.
Yellowbird
Yel´low•bird, n. (Zoöl.) (a) The American goldfinch, or thistle bird. See Goldfinch. (b) The common yellow warbler; — called also summer yellowbird. See Illust. of Yellow warbler, under Yellow, a.
Yellow-golds
Yel´low-golds, n. (Bot.) A certain plant, probably the yellow oxeye. B. Jonson.
Yellowish
Yel´low•ish, a. Somewhat yellow; as amber is of a yellowish color. — Yel´low•ish•ness, n.
Yellowlegs
Yel´low•legs, n. (Zoöl.) Any one of several species of long-legged sandpipers of the genus Totanus, in which the legs are bright yellow; — called also stone snipe, tattler, telltale, yellowshanks; and yellowshins. See Tattler, 2.
Yellowroot
Yel´low•root, n. (Bot.) Any one of several plants with yellow roots. Specifically: (a) See Xanthorhiza. (b) Same as Orangeroot.
Yellows
Yel´lows, n.
1. (Far.) A disease of the bile in horses, cattle, and sheep, causing yellowness of the eyes; jaundice.
"His horse … sped with spavins, rayed with the yellows." Shak.
2. (Bot.) A disease of plants, esp. of peach trees, in which the leaves turn to a yellowish color; jeterus.
3. (Zoöl.) A group of butterflies in which the predominating color is yellow. It includes the common small yellow butterflies. Called also redhorns, and sulphurs. See Sulphur.
Yellowseed
Yel´low•seed, n. (Bot.) A kind of pepper grass ( Lepidium campestre). { Yel´low•shanks•, Yel´low•shins• } n. (Zoöl.) See Yellolegs.
Yellowtop
Yel´low•top, n. (Bot.) A kind of grass, perhaps a species of Agrostis.
Yelp, v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Yelped p. pr. & vb. n. Yelping.] [OE. yelpen, &yogh;elpen, to boast, boast noisily, AS. gielpan, gilpan, gylpan; akin to OHG. gelph arrogant: cf. Icel. gjalpa to yelp. Cf. Yap.]
1. To boast. [Obs.]
"I keep [care] not of armes for to yelpe." Chaucer.
2. To utter a sharp, quick cry, as a hound; to bark shrilly with eagerness, pain, or fear; to yaup.
"A little herd of England’s timorous deer,
Mazed with a yelping kennel of French curs?" Shak.
"At the least flourish of a broomstick or ladle, he would fly to the door with a yelping precipitation." W. Irving.
Yeomanlike
Yeo´man•like, a. Resembling, or suitable to, a yeoman; yeomanly.
Yeomanry
Yeo´man•ry, n. A British volunteer cavalry force, growing out of a royal regiment of fox hunters raised by Yorkshire gentlemen in 1745 to fight the Pretender, Charles Edward. The members furnish their own horses, have fourteen days’ annual camp training, and receive pay and allowance when on duty. In 1901 the name was altered to imperial yeomanry in recognition of the services of the force in the Boer war. See Army organization, above.
Yeorling
Yeor´ling, n. [Cf. Yellow.] (Zoöl.) The European yellow-hammer.
Yerd, n. See 1st & 2d Yard. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Yerk, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Yerked p. pr. & vb. n. Yerking.] [See Yerk.]
1. To throw or thrust with a sudden, smart movement; to kick or strike suddenly; to jerk.
"Their wounded steeds … Yerk out their armed heels at their dead masters." Shak.
2. To strike or lash with a whip. [Obs. or Scot.]
Yern, v. i. See 3d Yearn. [Obs.]
Yern, a. [OE. &yogh;ern, &yogh;eorne, AS. georn desirous, eager. See Yearn to long.] Eager; brisk; quick; active. [Obs.] "Her song … loud and yern." Chaucer.
Yerne, adv. [OE. &yogh;eorne. See Yern, a. ] Eagerly; briskly; quickly. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.
"My hands and my tongue go so yerne." Chaucer.
Yernut
Yer´nut, n. [Cf. Dan. jordnöd, Sw. jordnöt, earthnut. Cf. Jarnut.] An earthnut, or groundnut. See Groundnut (d). [Written also yarnut.]
Yerst, adv. See Erst. [Obs.] Sylvester.
Yes, adv. [OE. yis, &yogh;is, &yogh;es, &yogh;ise, AS. gese, gise; probably fr. geá yea + swa so. rad.188. See Yea, and So.] Ay; yea; — a word which expresses affirmation or consent; — opposed to n. . Yes is used, like yea, to enforce, by repetition or addition, something which precedes; as you have done all this — yes, you have done more. "Yes, you despise the man books confined." Pope. "The fine distinction between •yea’ and •yes,’ •nay’ and •no,’ that once existed in English, has quite disappeared. •Yea’ and •nay’ in Wyclif’s time, and a good deal later, were the answers to questions framed in the affirmative. •Will he come?’ To this it would have been replied, •Yea’ or •Nay’, as the case might be. But, •Will he not come?’ To this the answer would have been •Yes’ or •No.’ Sir Thomas More finds fault with Tyndale, that in his translation of the Bible he had not observed this distinction, which was evidently therefore going out even then, that is, in the reign of Henry VIII.; and shortly after it was quite forgotten." Trench.
Yest, n. See Yeast. Shak.
Yester
Yes´ter, a. [See Yesterday.] Last; last past; next before; of or pertaining to yesterday.
"[An enemy] whom yester sun beheld
Mustering her charms." Dryden. This word is now seldom used except in a few compounds; as yesterday, yesternight, etc.
Yesterday
Yes´ter•day, n. [OE. &yogh;isterdai, AS. geostran daeg, from geostran, geostra, giestran, gistran, gystran, yesterday (akin to D. gisteren, G. gestern, OHG. gestaron, Icel. gaer yesterday, to-morrow, Goth. gistradagis to-morrow, L. heri yesterday, Gr., Skr. hyas) + daeg day. Cf. Hestern. .]
1. The day last past; the day next before the present.
"All our yesterdays have lighted fools
The way to dusty death." Shak.
"We are but of yesterday, and know nothing." Job viii. 9.
2. Fig.: A recent time; time not long past.
"The proudest royal houses are but of yesterday, when compared with the line of supreme pontiffs." Macaulay.
Yestern
Yes´tern, a. [See Yester.] Of or pertaining to yesterday; relating to the day last past.
Yesternight
Yes´ter•night, n. The last night; the night last past.
Yesternight
Yes´ter•night, adv. [AS. gystran niht. See Yesterday.] On the last night. B. Jonson.
Yesternoon
Yes´ter•noon, n. The noon of yesterday; the noon last past.
Yesty
Yest´y, a. See Yeasty. Shak.
Yet, adv. [OE. yet, &yogh;et, &yogh;it, AS. git, gyt, giet, gieta; akin to OFries. ieta, eta, ita, MHG. iezuo, ieze, now, G. jetzo, jetzt.]
1. In addition; further; besides; over and above; still. "A little longer; yet a little longer." Dryden.
"This furnishes us with yet one more reason why our savior, lays such a particular stress acts of mercy." Atterbury.
"The rapine is made yet blacker by the pretense of piety and justice." L’Estrange.
2. At the same time; by continuance from a former state; still.
"Facts they had heard while they were yet heathens." Addison.
3. Up to the present time; thus far; hitherto; until now; — and with the negative, not yet, not up to the present time; not as soon as now; as Is it time to go? Not yet. See As yet, under As, conj.
"Ne never yet no villainy ne said." Chaucer.
4. Before some future time; before the end; eventually; in time. "He ’ll be hanged yet." Shak.
5. Even; — used emphatically.
"Men may not too rashly believe the confessions of witches, nor yet the evidence against them." Bacon.
Yet, conj. Nevertheless; notwithstanding; however.
"Yet I say unto you, That even Solomon in all his glory was not arrayed like one of these." Matt. vi. 29.
Syn. — See However.
Yew (u), a. Of or pertaining to yew trees; made of the wood of a yew tree; as a yew whipstock.
Yex, n. [AS. geocsa a sobbing, hiccough. Cf. Yex, v. i.] A hiccough. [Written also yox, and yux.] [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] "The excessive yex." Holland.
Yezdegerdian
Yez•de•ger´di•an ( 277), a. Of or pertaining to Yezdegerd, the last Sassanian monarch of Persia, who was overthrown by the Mohammedans; as the Yezdegerdian era, which began on the 16th of June, a. d. 632. The era is still used by the Parsees.
Yezdi
Yez´di (yez"de), n. Same as Izedi. Tylor. { Yez´i•dee, Yez´i•di }, n. Same as Izedi.