Tuatera
Tu•a•te´ra, n. (Zoöl.) See Hatteria.

Tuba
Tu´ba, n. [L., trumpet.] (Mus.) (a) An ancient trumpet. (b) A sax-tuba. See Sax-tuba.

Tubbing
Tub´bing, n.
1. The forming of a tub; also collectively, materials for tubs.
2. A lining of timber or metal around the shaft of a mine; especially, a series of cast-iron cylinders bolted together, used to enable those who sink a shaft to penetrate quicksand, water, etc., with safety.

Tubby
Tub´by, a. Resembling a tub; specifically sounding dull and without resonance, like a tub; wanting elasticity or freedom of sound; as a tubby violin.

Tube, n. [L. tubus; akin to tuba a trumpet: cf F. tube.]
1. A hollow cylinder, of any material, used for the conveyance of fluids, and for various other purposes; a pipe.
2. A telescope. "Glazed optic tube." Milton.
3. A vessel in animal bodies or plants, which conveys a fluid or other substance.
4. (Bot.) The narrow, hollow part of a gamopetalous corolla.
5. (Gun.) A priming tube, or friction primer. See under Priming, and Friction.
6. (Steam Boilers) A small pipe forming part of the boiler, containing water and surrounded by flame or hot gases, or else surrounded by water and forming a flue for the gases to pass through.
7. (Zoöl.) (a) A more or less cylindrical, and often spiral, case secreted or constructed by many annelids, crustaceans, insects, and other animals, for protection or concealment. See Illust. of Tubeworm. (b) One of the siphons of a bivalve mollusk. Capillary tube, a tube of very fine bore. See Capillary. — Fire tube (Steam Boilers), a tube which forms a flue. — Tube coral. (Zoöl.) Same as Tubipore. — Tube foot (Zoöl.), one of the ambulacral suckers of an echinoderm. — Tube plate, or Tube sheet (Steam Boilers), a flue plate. See under Flue. — Tube pouch (Mil.), a pouch containing priming tubes. — Tube spinner (Zoöl.), any one of various species of spiders that construct tubelike webs. They belong to Tegenaria, Agelena, and allied genera. — Water tube (Steam Boilers), a tube containing water and surrounded by flame or hot gases.

Tube, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Tubed p. pr. & vb. n. Tubing.] To furnish with a tube; as to tube a well.

Tube, n. (Elec. Railways) A tunnel for a tube railway; also (Colloq.), a tube railway. [Chiefly Eng.]

Tubeform
Tube´form, a. In the form of a tube; tubular; tubiform.

Tube-nosed
Tube´-nosed, a. (Zoöl.) (a) Having the nostrils prolonged in the form of horny tubes along the sides of the beak; — said of certain sea birds. (b) Belonging to the Tubinares.

Tuber
Tu´ber, n. [L., a hump. knob; probably akin to tumere to swell. Cf. Tumid.]
1. (Bot.) (a) A fleshy, rounded stem or root, usually containing starchy matter, as the potato or arrowroot; a thickened root-stock. See Illust. of Tuberous. (b) A genus of fungi. See Truffle.
2. (Anat.) A tuberosity; a tubercle.

Tubercular
Tu•ber´cu•lar, a.
1. Having tubercles; affected with tubercles; tubercled; tuberculate.
2. Like a tubercle; as a tubercular excrescence.
3. (Med.) Characterized by the development of tubercles; as tubercular diathesis. { Tu•ber´cu•late, Tu•ber´cu•la•ted } a. [NL. tuberculatus: cf. F. tubercule.] Tubercled; tubercular.

Tubercularize
Tu•ber´cu•lar•ize, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. -ized p. pr. & vb. n. i-zing ] [ Tubercular + -ize.] (Med.) To infect with tuberculosis. — Tu•ber•cu•lar•i•za´tion (#), n.

Tuberculization
Tu•ber•cu•li•za´tion, n. (Med.) The development of tubercles; the condition of one who is affected with tubercles. { Tu•ber´cu•lose•, Tu•ber´cu•lous } a. Having tubercles; affected with, or characterized by, tubercles; tubercular.

Tuberculocidin
Tu•ber´cu•lo•ci•din, n. [ Tuberculum + root of L. caedere to kill.] (Physiol. Chem.) A special substance contained in tuberculin, supposed to be the active agent of the latter freed from various impurities.

Tuberculoid
Tu•ber´cu•loid, a. [ Tuberculum + -oid.] (Med.) Resembling a tubercle.

Tuberculosed
Tu•ber´cu•losed, a. (Med.) Affected with tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis
Tu•ber•cu•lo´sis, n. [NL. See Tubercle.] (Med.) A constitutional disease characterized by the production of tubercles in the internal organs, and especially in the lungs, where it constitutes the most common variety of pulmonary consumption.

Tuberculum
Tu•ber´cu•lum, n. ; pl. Tubercula (#). [L., dim. of tuber a swelling.] (Zoöl.) A tubercle.

Tuberiferous
Tu•ber•if´er•ous, a. [ Tuber + - ferous.] Producing or bearing tubers.

Tuberose
Tube´rose, n. [Cf. G. tuberose, F. tubereuse, NL. Polianthes tuberosa. See Tuberous.] (Bot.) A plant ( Polianthes tuberosa) with a tuberous root and a liliaceous flower. It is much cultivated for its beautiful and fragrant white blossoms.

Tuberose
Tu´ber•ose, a. Tuberous.

Tuberosity
Tu•ber•os´i•ty, n. ; pl. Tuberosities (#). [Cf. F. tuberosite.]
1. The state of being tuberous.
2. An obtuse or knoblike prominence; a protuberance.

Tuberous
Tu´ber•ous, a. [L. tuberosus: cf. F. tubereux. See Tuber, and cf. also Tuberose.]
1. Covered with knobby or wartlike prominences; knobbed.
2. (Bot.) Consisting of, or bearing, tubers; resembling a tuber. — Tu´ber•ous•ness, n.

Tubeworm
Tube´worm, n. (Zoöl.) Any annelid which constructs a tube; one of the Tubicolae.

Tubfish
Tub´fish, n. (Zoöl.) The sapphirine gurnard ( Trigla hirundo). See Illust. under Gurnard. [Prov. Eng.]

Tubicinate
Tu•bic´i•nate, v. i. [L. tubicen trumpeter.] To blow a trumpet.

Tubicolae
Tu•bic´o•lae, n. pl. [L. tubus a tube + colere to inhabit.] (Zoöl.) A division of annelids including those which construct, and habitually live in, tubes. The head or anterior segments usually bear gills and cirri. Called also Sedentaria, and Capitibranchiata. See Serpula, and Sabella.

Tubicole
Tu´bi•cole, n. (Zoöl.) One of the Tubicolae.

Tubicolous
Tu•bic´o•lous, a. [See Tubicolae.] (Zoöl.) Inhabiting a tube; as tubicolous worms.

Tubicornous
Tu´bi•corn•ous, a. Having hollow horns.

Tubiform
Tu´bi•form, a. Having the form of a tube; tubeform. "Tubiform cells." Carpenter.

Tubinares
Tu•bi•na´res, n. pl. [NL., fr. L. tubus tube + nares the nostrils.] (Zoöl.) A tribe of sea birds comprising the petrels, shearwaters, albatrosses, hagdons, and allied birds having tubular horny nostrils.

Tubing
Tub´ing, n.
1. The act of making tubes.
2. A series of tubes; tubes, collectively; a length or piece of a tube; material for tubes; as leather tubing.

Tubipora
Tu•bip´o•ra, n. [NL., from L. tubus tube + porus passage, pore.] (Zoöl.) A genus of halcyonoids in which the skeleton, or coral (called organ-pipe coral), consists of a mass of parallel cylindrical tubes united at intervals by transverse plates. These corals are usually red or purple and form large masses. They are natives of the tropical parts of the Indian and Pacific Oceans.

Tubipore
Tu´bi•pore, n. [Cf. F. tubipore.] (Zoöl.) Any species of the genus Tubipora.

Tubiporite
Tu´bi•po•rite, n. (Paleon.) Any fossil coral of the genus Syringopora consisting of a cluster of upright tubes united together by small transverse tubules.

Tubivalve
Tu´bi•valve, n. [See Tube, Valve.] (Zoöl.) A shell or tube formed by an annelid, as a serpula.

Tubulariae
Tu•bu•la´ri•ae, n. pl. [NL.] See Tubularida.

Tubularida
Tu´bu•lar•i•da, n. pl. [NL.] (Zoöl.) An extensive division of Hydroidea; the tubularians; — called also Athecata, Gymnoblastea, and Tubulariae.

Tubulate
Tu´bu•late, a. [L. tubulatus. See Tubular.] Tubular; tubulated; tubulous.

Tubulation
Tu•bu•la´tion, n. (Chem.) The act of shaping or making a tube, or of providing with a tube; also a tube or tubulure; as the tubulation of a retort.

Tubulature
Tu´bu•la•ture, n. (Chem.) A tubulure.

Tubule
Tu´bule, n. [F. tubule, or L. tubulus, dim. of tubus a tube, a pipe.]
1. A small pipe or fistular body; a little tube.
2. (Anat.) A minute tube lined with glandular epithelium; as the uriniferous tubules of the kidney.

Tubulibranchian
Tu•bu•li•bran´chi•an, n. (Zool.) One of the Tubulibranchiata.

Tubulibranchiata
Tu•bu•li•bran•chi•a´ta, n. pl. [NL., from L. tubulus a little tube + branchia a gill.] (Zoöl.) A group of gastropod mollusks having a tubular shell. Vermetus is an example.

Tubulicole
Tu´bu•li•cole, n. [L. tubulus little tube + colere to inhabit.] (Zoöl.) Any hydroid which has tubular chitinous stems.

Tubulidentate
Tu•bu•li•den´tate, a. [ Tubule + dentate.] (Zoöl.) Having teeth traversed by canals; — said of certain edentates.

Tubuliform
Tu´bu•li•form, a. [Cf. F. tubuliforme.] Having the form of a small tube.

Tubulipore
Tu´bu•li•pore´, n. (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of Bryozoa belonging to Tubulipora and allied genera, having tubular calcareous calicles. { Tu´bu•lose•, Tu´bu•lous } a. [Cf. F. tubuleux. See Tubule.]
1. Resembling, or in the form of, a tube; longitudinally hollow; specifically (Bot.), having a hollow cylindrical corolla, often expanded or toothed at the border; as a tubulose flower.
2. Containing, or consisting of, small tubes; specifically (Bot.), composed wholly of tubulous florets; as a tubulous compound flower. Tubulous boiler, a steam boiler composed chiefly of tubes containing water and surrounded by flame and hot gases; — sometimes distinguished from tubular boiler.

Tucan
Tu•can´, n. (Zoöl.) The Mexican pocket gopher ( Geomys Mexicanus). It resembles the common pocket gopher of the Western United States, but is larger. Called also tugan, and tuza.

Tucet
Tu´cet, n. See Tucket, a steak. [Obs.]

Tuckahoe
Tuck´a•hoe, n. [North American Indian, bread.] (Bot.) A curious vegetable production of the Southern Atlantic United States, growing under ground like a truffle and often attaining immense size. The real nature is unknown. Called also Indian bread, and Indian loaf.

Tucker
Tuck´er, n.
1. One who, or that which, tucks; specifically, an instrument with which tuck are made.
2. A narrow piece of linen or the like, folded across the breast, or attached to the gown at the neck, forming a part of a woman’s dress in the 17th century and later.
3. [See Tuck, v. t., 4.] A fuller. [Prov. Eng.]

Tucker
Tuck´er, v. t. To tire; to weary; — usually with out. [Colloq. U. S.]

Tucker
Tuck´er, n. [Cf. Tuck, n. , 5.] Daily food; meals; also food in general. [Slang or Colloq.]
"Tobacco, matches, and tucker, the latter comprising almost anything within the province of food." C. L. Money.

Tuck-net
Tuck´-net, n. See Tuck, n. , 2.

Tucuma
Tu•cu´ma, n. (Bot.) A Brazilian palm ( Astrocaryum Tucuma) which furnishes an edible fruit.

Tudor
Tu´dor, a. Of or pertaining to a royal line of England, descended from Owen Tudor of Wales, who married the widowed queen of Henry V. The first reigning Tudor was Henry VII.; the last, Elizabeth. Tudor style (Arch.), the latest development of Gothic architecture in England, under the Tudors, characterized by flat four-centered arches, shallow moldings, and a profusion of paneling on the walls.

Tue
Tu´e, n. (Zoöl.) The parson bird.

Tuefall
Tue´fall, n. (Arch.) See To-fall. [Eng.]

Tuesday
Tues´day (tuz"da; 48), n. [OE. Tewesday, AS. Tiwes daeg the day of Tiw the god of war; akin to OHG. Zio, Icel. Tyr, L. Jupiter, Gr. Zey•s;, cf. OHG. Ziostac Tuesday, G. Dienstag, Icel. Tysdagr. rad.244. See Deity, Day, and cf. Jovial.] The third day of the week, following Monday and preceding Wednesday.

Tufa
Tu´fa, [It. fufo soft, sandy stone, L. tofus, tophus. Cf. Tofus, Toph, and Tophin.] (Min.) (a) A soft or porous stone formed by depositions from water, usually calcareous; — called also calcareous tufa. (b) A friable volcanic rock or conglomerate, formed of consolidated cinders, or scoria.

Tuf-taffeta
Tuf-taf´fe•ta, n. A silk fabric formerly in use, having a nap or pile. [Written also tuft- taffeta.]

Tufted
Tuft´ed, a.
1. Adorned with a tuft; as the tufted duck.
2. Growing in tufts or clusters; tufty.
"The tufted crowtoe, and pale jessamine." Milton.
"Tufted trees and springing corn." Pope. Tufted duck (Zoöl.), the ring-necked duck. [Local, U. S.]

Tufthunter
Tuft´hunt•er, n. A hanger-on to noblemen, or persons of quality, especially in English universities; a toady. See 1st Tuft, 3. [Cant, Eng.] Halliwell.

Tufty
Tuft´y, a.
1. Abounding with tufts.
"Both in the tufty frith and in the mossy fell." Drayton.
2. Growing in tufts or clusters.
"Where tufty daisies nod at every gale." W. Browne.

Tug, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Tugged p. pr. & vb. n. Tugging.] [OE. toggen; akin to OD. tocken to entice, G. zucken to jerk, draw, Icel. toga to draw, AS. teon, p. p. togen, to draw, G. ziehen, OHG. ziohan, Goth. tiuhan, L. ducere to lead, draw. Cf. Duke, Team, Tie, v. t., Touch, Tow, v. t., Tuck to press in, Toy a plaything.]
1. To pull or draw with great effort; to draw along with continued exertion; to haul along; to tow; as to tug a loaded cart; to tug a ship into port.
"There sweat, there strain, tug the laborious oar." Roscommon.
2. To pull; to pluck. [Obs.]
"To ease the pain, His tugged cars suffered with a strain." Hudibras.

Tug, v. i.
1. To pull with great effort; to strain in labor; as to tug at the oar; to tug against the stream.
"He tugged, he shook, till down they came." Milton.
2. To labor; to strive; to struggle.
"England now is left To tug and scamble and to part by the teeth The unowed interest of proud-swelling state." Shak.

Tug, n.
1. A pull with the utmost effort, as in the athletic contest called tug of war; a supreme effort.
"At the tug he falls, Vast ruins come along, rent from the smoking walls." Dryden.
2. A sort of vehicle, used for conveying timber and heavy articles. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
3. (Naut.) A small, powerful steamboat used to tow vessels; — called also steam tug, tugboat, and towboat.
4. A trace, or drawing strap, of a harness.
5. (Mining.) An iron hook of a hoisting tub, to which a tackle is affixed. Tug iron, an iron hook or button to which a tug or trace may be attached, as on the shaft of a wagon.

Tugan
Tu•gan´, n. (Zoöl.) Same as Tucan.

Tuggingly
Tug´ging•ly, adv. In a tugging manner; with laborious pulling.

Tuille (twil), n. [Cf. F. tuile a tile.] In plate armor, a suspended plate in front of the thigh. See Illust. of Tasses.

Tuko-tuko
Tu´ko-tu•ko, n. [From the native name .] (Zoöl.) A burrowing South American rodent ( Ctenomys Braziliensis). It has small eyes and ears and a short tail. It resembles the pocket gopher in size, form, and habits, but is more nearly allied to the porcupines. [Written also tucu-tuco.]

Tula metal
Tu"la met•al An alloy of silver, copper, and lead made at Tula in Russia. [Written also toola metal.]

Tule
Tu´le, n. [Mex.] (Bot.) A large bulrush ( Scirpus lacustris, and S. Tatora) growing abundantly on overflowed land in California and elsewhere.

Tulip
Tu´lip, n. [F. tulipe, OF. also tulipan, It. tulipano, tulipa, from Turk. tulbend, dulbend, literally, a turban, Per. dulband; - - so called from the resemblance of the form of this flower to a turban. See Turban.] (Bot.) Any plant of the liliaceous genus Tulipa. Many varieties are cultivated for their beautiful, often variegated flowers. Tulip tree. (a) A large American tree bearing tuliplike flowers. See Liriodendron. (b) A West Indian malvaceous tree ( Paritium, or Hibiscus, tiliaceum).

Tulipist
Tu´lip•ist, n. A person who is especially devoted to the cultivation of tulips. Sir T. Browne.

Tulipomania
Tu•lip•o•ma´ni•a, n. [ Tulip + mania.] A violent passion for the acquisition or cultivation of tulips; — a word said by Beckman to have been coined by Menage. In Holland, in the first half of the 17th century, the cultivation of tulips became a mania. It began about the year 1634, and, like a violent epidemic, seized upon all classes of the community, leading to disasters and misery such as the records of commerce or of bankruptcies can scarcely parallel. In 1636, tulip marts had been established in Amsterdam, Rotterdam, Haarlem, Leyden, and various other towns, where tulip bulbs were sold and resold in the same manner as stocks are on the Stock Exchange of London. Baird.

Tulipomaniac
Tu•lip•o•ma´ni•ac, n. One who is affected with tulipomania.

Tulip-shell
Tu´lip-shell, n. (Zoöl.) A large, handsomely colored, marine univalve shell ( Fasciolaria tulipa) native of the Southern United States. The name is sometimes applied also to other species of Fasciolaria.

Tulipwood
Tu´lip•wood, n. The beautiful rose- colored striped wood of a Brazilian tree ( Physocalymna floribunda), much used by cabinetmakers for inlaying. Queensland tulipwood, the variegated wood of an Australian sapindaceous tree ( Harpullia pendula). J. Smith (Dict. Econ. Plants).

Tull, v. t. [OE. tullen. See Tole.] To allure; to tole. [Obs.]
"With empty hands men may no hawkes tull." Chaucer.

Tullian
Tul´li•an, a. [L. Tullianus, from Tullius, the name of a Roman gens.] Belonging to, or in the style of, Tully (Marcus Tullius Cicero).

Tullibee
Tul´li•bee, n. (Zoöl.) A whitefish ( Coregonus tullibee) found in the Great Lakes of North America; — called also mongrel whitefish.

Tumble
Tum´ble, v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Tumbled p. pr. & vb. n. Tumbling ] [OE. tumblen, AS. tumbian to turn heels over head, to dance violently; akin to D. tuimelen to fall, Sw. tumla, Dan. tumle, Icel. tumba; and cf. G. taumeln to reel, to stagger.]
1. To roll over, or to and fro; to throw one’s self about; as a person on pain tumbles and tosses.
2. To roll down; to fall suddenly and violently; to be precipitated; as to tumble from a scaffold.
"He who tumbles from a tower surely has a greater blow than he who slides from a molehill." South.
3. To play tricks by various movements and contortions of the body; to perform the feats of an acrobat. Rowe. To tumble home (Naut.), to incline inward, as the sides of a vessel, above the bends or extreme breadth; — used esp. in the phrase tumbling home. Cf. Wall-sided.

Tumble
Tum´ble, v. t.
1. To turn over; to turn or throw about, as for examination or search; to roll or move in a rough, coarse, or unceremonious manner; to throw down or headlong; to precipitate; — sometimes with over, about, etc.; as to tumble books or papers.
2. To disturb; to rumple; as to tumble a bed.

Tumble
Tum´ble, n. Act of tumbling, or rolling over; a fall.

Tumblebug
Tum´ble•bug, n. See Tumbledung.

Tumbledung
Tum´ble•dung, n. (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of scaraboid beetles belonging to Scarabaeus, Copris, Phanaeus, and allied genera. The female lays her eggs in a globular mass of dung which she rolls by means of her hind legs to a burrow excavated in the earth in which she buries it.

Tumbler
Tum´bler, n.
1. One who tumbles; one who plays tricks by various motions of the body; an acrobat.
2. A movable obstruction in a lock, consisting of a lever, latch, wheel, slide, or the like, which must be adjusted to a particular position by a key or other means before the bolt can be thrown in locking or unlocking.
3. (Firearms) A piece attached to, or forming part of, the hammer of a gunlock, upon which the mainspring acts and in which are the notches for sear point to enter.
4. A drinking glass, without a foot or stem; — so called because originally it had a pointed or convex base, and could not be set down with any liquor in it, thus compelling the drinker to finish his measure.
5. (Zoöl.) A variety of the domestic pigeon remarkable for its habit of tumbling, or turning somersaults, during its flight.
6. (Zoöl.) A breed of dogs that tumble when pursuing game. They were formerly used in hunting rabbits.
7. A kind of cart; a tumbrel. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

Tumblerful
Tum´bler•ful, n. ; pl. Tumblerfuls . As much as a tumbler will hold; enough to fill a tumbler.

Tumbleweed
Tum´ble•weed, n. (Bot.) Any plant which habitually breaks away from its roots in the autumn, and is driven by the wind, as a light, rolling mass, over the fields and prairies; as witch grass, wild indigo, Amarantus albus, etc.

Tumbling
Tum´bling, a. & vb. n. from Tumble, v. Tumbling barrel. Same as Rumble, n. , 4. — Tumbling bay, an overfall, or weir, in a canal. { Tum´brel, Tum´bril } n. [OF. tomberel, F. tombereau, fr. tomber to fall, to tumble; of Teutonic origin. Cf. Tumble.]
1. A cucking stool for the punishment of scolds.
2. A rough cart. Tusser. Tatler.
3. (Mil.) A cart or carriage with two wheels, which accompanies troops or artillery, to convey the tools of pioneers, cartridges, and the like.
4. A kind of basket or cage of osiers, willows, or the like, to hold hay and other food for sheep. [Eng.]

Tumefaction
Tu•me•fac´tion, n. [Cf. F. tumefaction.] The act or process of tumefying, swelling, or rising into a tumor; a swelling. Arbuthnot.

Tumefy
Tu´me•fy, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Tumefied p. pr. & vb. n. Tumefying.] [F. tumefier, fr. L. tumere to swell + -ficare (in comp.) to make; cf. L. tumefacere to tumefy. See Tumid, and -fy.] To swell; to cause to swell, or puff up.
"To swell, tumefy, stiffen, not the diction only, but the tenor of the thought." De Quincey.

Tumefy
Tu´me•fy, v. i. To rise in a tumor; to swell.

Tumescence
Tu•mes´cence, n. [L. tumescens, -entis, p.pr. of tumescere to swell up, v. incho. fr. tumere to swell.] The act of becoming tumid; the state of being swollen; intumescence.

Tumescent
Tu•mes´cent, a. Slightly tumid; swollen, as certain moss capsules.

Tumid
Tu´mid, a. [L. tumidus, fr. tumere to swell; cf. Skr. tumra strong, fat. Cf. Thumb.]
1. Swelled, enlarged, or distended; as a tumid leg; tumid flesh.
2. Rising above the level; protuberant.
"So high as heaved the tumid hills." Milton.
3. Swelling in sound or sense; pompous; puffy; inflated; bombastic; falsely sublime; turgid; as a tumid expression; a tumid style. — Tu´mid•ly, adv. — Tu´mid•ness, n.

Tummals
Tum´mals, n. (Mining) A great quantity or heap. Weale.

Tumor
Tu´mor, n. [L., fr. tumere to swell: cf. F. tumeúr. See Tumid.]
1. (Med.) A morbid swelling, prominence, or growth, on any part of the body; especially, a growth produced by deposition of new tissue; a neoplasm.
2. Affected pomp; bombast; swelling words or expressions; false magnificence or sublimity. [R.]
"Better, however, to be a flippant, than, by a revolting form of tumor and perplexity, to lead men into habits of intellect such as result from the modern vice of English style." De Quincey. Encysted tumor, a tumor which is inclosed in a membrane called a cyst, connected with the surrounding parts by the neighboring cellular substance. — Fatty tumor. See under Fatty. — Innocent tumor, or Benign tumor, one which does not of itself threaten life, and does not usually tend to recur after extirpation. — Malignant tumor, a tumor which tends continually to spread, to become generalized in different parts of the body, and to recur after extirpation, and which, if left to itself, causes death.

Tumorous
Tu´mor•ous, a. [L. tumorosus inflated.]
1. Swelling; protuberant. [R.] Sir H. Wotton.
2. Inflated; bombastic. [R.] B. Jonson.

Tump, n. [W. twmp, twm, a round mass or heap, a hillock.] A little hillock; a knoll. Ainsworth.

Tump, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Tumped ( 215); p. pr. & vb. n. Tumping.]
1. To form a mass of earth or a hillock about; as to tump teasel.
2. To draw or drag, as a deer or other animal after it has been killed. [Local, U. S.] Bartlett.

Tum-tum
Tum´-tum, n. A dish made in the West Indies by beating boiled plantain quite soft in a wooden mortar.

Tumular
Tu´mu•lar, a. [L. tumulus a mound: cf. F. tumulaire. See Tumulus.] Consisting in a heap; formed or being in a heap or hillock. Pinkerton.

Tumulose
Tu´mu•lose, a. Tumulous. [R.] Bailey.

Tumulosity
Tu•mu•los´i•ty, n. The quality or state of being tumulous; hilliness. [R.] Bailey.

Tumulous
Tu´mu•lous, a. [L. tumulosus, fr. tumulus a mound.] Full of small hills or mounds; hilly; tumulose. [R.] Bailey. Tu´mult n. [L. tumultus; probably akin to Skr. tumula noise noisy and perhaps to L. tumere to swell, E. tumid: cf. F. tumulte.]
1. The commotion or agitation of a multitude usually accompanied with great noise uproar and confusion of voices hurly-burly noisy confusion.
"What meaneth the noise of this tumult ?" 1 Sam. iv. 14.
"Till in loud tumult all the Greeks arose." Pope.
2. Violent commotion or agitation, with confusion of sounds; as the tumult of the elements. Addison.
3. Irregular or confused motion ; agitation ; high excitement ; as the tumult of the spirits or passions.
Syn. — Uproar; ferment; disturbance; turbulence; disorder; confusion; noise; bluster; hubbub; bustle; stir; brawl; riot.

Tumult
Tu´mult, v. i. To make a tumult; to be in great commotion. [Obs.]
"Importuning and tumulting even to the fear of a revolt." Milton.

Tumulter
Tu´mult•er, n. A maker of tumults. [Obs.]
"He severely punished the tumulters." Milton.

Tumultuarily
Tu•mul´tu•a•ri•ly, adv. In a tumultuary manner.

Tumultuariness
Tu•mul´tu•a•ri•ness, n. The quality or state of being tumultuary.

Tumultuary
Tu•mul´tu•a•ry, a. [L. tumultuarius: cf. F. tumultuaire.]
1. Attended by, or producing, a tumult; disorderly; promiscuous; confused; tumultuous. "A tumultuary conflict." Eikon Basilike.
"A tumultuary attack of the Celtic peasantry." Macaulay.
"Sudden flight or tumultuary skirmish." De Quincey.
2. Restless; agitated; unquiet.
"Men who live without religion live always in a tumultuary and restless state." Atterbury.

Tumultuate
Tu•mul´tu•ate, v. i. [L. tumultuatus, p. p. of tumultuari to make a tumult.] To make a tumult. [Obs.] "He will murmur and tumultuate." South.

Tumultuation
Tu•mul•tu•a´tion, n. [L. tumultuatio.] Irregular or disorderly movement; commotion; as the tumultuation of the parts of a fluid. [Obs.] Boyle.

Tumultuous
Tu•mul´tu•ous, a. [L. tumultuosus: cf. F. tumultueux.]
1. Full of tumult; characterized by tumult; disorderly; turbulent.
"The flight became wild and tumultuous." Macaulay.
2. Conducted with disorder; noisy; confused; boisterous; disorderly; as a tumultuous assembly or meeting.
3. Agitated, as with conflicting passions; disturbed.
"His dire attempt, which, nigh the birth Now rolling, boils in his tumultuous breast." Milton.
4. Turbulent; violent; as a tumultuous speech.
Syn. — Disorderly; irregular; noisy; confused; turbulent; violent; agitated; disturbed; boisterous; lawless; riotous; seditious. — Tu•mul´tu•ous•ly, adv. — Tu•mul´tu•ous•ness, n.

Tumulus
Tu´mu•lus, n. ; pl. Tumuli (#). [L., a mound, a sepulchral mound, probably from tumere to swell. Cf. Tumid.] An artificial hillock, especially one raised over a grave, particularly over the graves of persons buried in ancient times; a barrow.

Tun-bellied
Tun´-bel•lied, a. Having a large, protuberant belly, or one shaped like a tun; pot-bellied.

Tun-dish
Tun´-dish, n. A tunnel. [Obs.] Shak.

Tundra
Tun´dra, n. [Russ., from a native name.] A rolling, marshy, mossy plain of Northern Siberia.

Tundra
Tun´dra, n. [Russ.] One of the level or undulating treeless plains characteristic of northern arctic regions in both hemispheres. The tundras mark the limit of arborescent vegetation; they consist of black mucky soil with a permanently frozen subsoil, but support a dense growth of mosses and lichens, and dwarf herbs and shrubs, often showy-flowered.

Tune, n. [A variant of tone.]
1. A sound; a note; a tone. "The tune of your voices." Shak.
2. (Mus.) (a) A rhythmical, melodious, symmetrical series of tones for one voice or instrument, or for any number of voices or instruments in unison, or two or more such series forming parts in harmony; a melody; an air; as a merry tune; a mournful tune; a slow tune; a psalm tune. See Air. (b) The state of giving the proper, sound or sounds; just intonation; harmonious accordance; pitch of the voice or an instrument; adjustment of the parts of an instrument so as to harmonize with itself or with others; as the piano, or the organ, is not in tune.
"Like sweet bells jangled, out of tune and harsh." Shak.
3. Order; harmony; concord; fit disposition, temper, or humor; right mood.
"A child will learn three times as much when he is in tune, as when he … is dragged unwillingly to [his task]." Locke.

Tune, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Tuned p. pr. & vb. n. Tuning.]
1. To put into a state adapted to produce the proper sounds; to harmonize, to cause to be in tune; to correct the tone of; as to tune a piano or a violin. " Tune your harps." Dryden.
2. To give tone to; to attune; to adapt in style of music; to make harmonious.
"For now to sorrow must I tune my song." Milton.
3. To sing with melody or harmony.
"Fountains, and ye, that warble, as ye flow, Melodious murmurs, warbling tune his praise." Milton.
4. To put into a proper state or disposition. Shak.

Tune, v. i.
1. To form one sound to another; to form accordant musical sounds.
"Whilst tuning to the water’s fall, The small birds sang to her." Drayton.
2. To utter inarticulate harmony with the voice; to sing without pronouncing words; to hum. [R.]

Tuneful
Tune´ful, a. Harmonious; melodious; musical; as tuneful notes. " Tuneful birds." Milton. — Tune´ful•ly, adv. — Tune´ful•ness, n.

Tuneless
Tune´less, a.
1. Without tune; inharmonious; unmusical. " Thy tuneless serenade." Cowley.
"How often have I led thy sportive choir, With tuneless pipe, beside the murmuring Loire!" Goldsmith.
2. Not employed in making music; as tuneless harps.
3. Not expressed in music or poetry; unsung. [R.]

Tuner
Tun´er, n. One who tunes; especially, one whose occupation is to tune musical instruments.

Tun-great
Tun´-great, a. Having the circumference of a tun. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Tungstate
Tung´state, n. [Cf. F. tungstate.] (Chem.) A salt of tungstic acid; a wolframate.

Tungsten
Tung´sten, n. [Sw. tungsten (cf. Dan. tungsteen, G. tungstein); tung heavy (akin to Dan. tung, Icel. þungr) + sten stone. See Stone.]
1. (Chem.) A rare element of the chromium group found in certain minerals, as wolfram and scheelite, and isolated as a heavy steel-gray metal which is very hard and infusible. It has both acid and basic properties. When alloyed in small quantities with steel, it greatly increases its hardness. Symbol W ( Wolframium). Atomic weight, 183.6. Specific gravity, 18.
2. (Min.) Scheelite, or calcium tungstate. [Obs.] Tungsten ocher, orTungstic ocher (Min.), tungstate.

Tungsten steel. (Metal.) A steel containing a small amount of tungsten, noted for tenacity and hardness, even under a considerable degree of heat. Magnets made of it are said to be highly permanent. It often contains manganese.

Tungstenic
Tung•sten´ic, a. Of or pertaining to tungsten; containing tungsten; as tungstenic ores. [R.]

Tungstic
Tung´stic, a. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to tungsten; derived from, or resembling, tungsten; wolframic; as tungstic oxide. Tungstic acid, an acid of tungsten, H₂WO₄, analogous to sulphuric and chromic acids.

Tungstite
Tung´stite, n. (Min.) The oxide of tungsten, a yellow mineral occurring in a pulverulent form. It is often associated with wolfram.

Tunguses
Tun•gus´es, n. pl. (Ethnol.) A group of roving Turanian tribes occupying Eastern Siberia and the Amoor valley. They resemble the Mongols. [Written also Tungooses.]

Tungusic
Tun•gus´ic, a. Of or pertaining to the Tunguses; as the Tungusic dialects.

Tunhoof
Tun´hoof, n. [Cf. Aleboof.] (Bot.) Ground ivy; alehoof.

Tunicata
Tu•ni•ca´ta, n. pl. [NL. See Tunicate.] (Zoöl.) A grand division of the animal kingdom, intermediate, in some respects, between the invertebrates and vertebrates, and by some writers united with the latter. They were formerly classed with acephalous mollusks. The body is usually covered with a firm external tunic, consisting in part of cellulose, and having two openings, one for the entrance and one for the exit of water. The pharynx is usually dilated in the form of a sac, pierced by several series of ciliated slits, and serves as a gill. Most of the species when mature are firmly attached to foreign substances, but have free-swimming larvae which are furnished with an elongated tail and somewhat resemble a tadpole. In this state the larva has a urochord and certain other structures resembling some embryonic vertebrates. See Ascidian, Doliolum, Salpa, Urochord, and Illust. of Social ascidian, under Social. { Tu´ni•cate, Tu´ni•ca•ted } a. [L. tunicatus, p. p. of tunicare to clothe with a tunic, fr. tunica a tunic.]
1. (Bot.) Covered with a tunic; covered or coated with layers; as a tunicated bulb.
2. (Zoöl.) (a) Having a tunic, or mantle; of or pertaining to the Tunicata. (b) Having each joint buried in the preceding funnel- shaped one, as in certain antennae of insects.

Tunicin
Tu´ni•cin, n. (Physiol. Chem.) Animal cellulose; a substance present in the mantle, or tunic, of the Tunicates, which resembles, or is identical with, the cellulose of the vegetable kingdom.

Tunicle
Tu´ni•cle, n. [L. tunicula a little tunic, coat, or membrane, dim. of tunica a tunic: cf. OF. tunicle.]
1. A slight natural covering; an integument.
"The tunicles that make the ball or apple of the eye." Holland.
2. (R. C. Ch.) A short, close-fitting vestment worn by bishops under the dalmatic, and by subdeacons.

Tuning
Tun´ing, a. & n. from Tune, v. Tuning fork (Mus.), a steel instrument consisting of two prongs and a handle, which, being struck, gives a certain fixed tone. It is used for tuning instruments, or for ascertaining the pitch of tunes.

Tunker
Tun´ker, n. (Eccl.) Same as Dunker.

Tunny
Tun´ny (tun"ny), n. ; pl. Tunnies (#). [L. thunnus, thynnus, Gr. qy•nnos, qy^nos: cf. It. tonno, F. & Pr. thon.] (Zoöl.) Any one of several species of large oceanic fishes belonging to the Mackerel family, especially the common or great tunny ( Orcynus or Albacora thynnus) native of the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. It sometimes weighs a thousand pounds or more, and is extensively caught in the Mediterranean. On the American coast it is called horse mackerel. See Illust. of Horse mackerel, under Horse. [Written also thynny.] The little tunny ( Gymnosarda alletterata) of the Mediterranean and North Atlantic, and the long-finned tunny, or albicore (see Albicore), are related species of smaller size.

Tupai
Tu•pai´ (too•pi"), n. (Zoöl.) Any one of the tupaiids.

Tupaiid
Tu•pai´id, n. (Zoöl.) Any one of several species of East Indian and Asiatic insectivores of the family Tupaiidae, somewhat resembling squirrels in size and arboreal habits. The nose is long and pointed.

Tupelo
Tu´pe•lo, n. [ Tupelo, or tupebo, the native American Indian name.] (Bot.) A North American tree ( Nyssa multiflora) of the Dogwood family, having brilliant, glossy foliage and acid red berries. The wood is crossgrained and very difficult to split. Called also black gum, sour gum, and pepperidge. Largo tupelo, or Tupelo gum (Bot.), an American tree ( Nyssa uniflora) with softer wood than the tupelo. — Sour tupelo (Bot.), the Ogeechee lime.

Tupi
Tu´pi, n. An Indian of the tribe from which the Tupian stock takes its name, dwelling, at the advent of the Portuguese, about the mouth of the Amazon. also their language, which is the basis of the Indian trade language of the Amazon.

Tupian
Tu´pi•an, a. Designating, or pert. to, a linguistic stock of South American Indians comprising the most important Brazilian tribes. Agriculture, pottery, and stone working were practiced by them at the time of the conquest. The Tupi and the Guarani were originally the most powerful of the stock, which is hence also called Tupi-Guaranian.

Tupman
Tup´man, n. ; pl. Tupmen . A man who breeds, or deals in tups. [Prov. Eng.]

Tuque, n. [Canadian F. See Toque.] A kind of warm cap winter wear, made from a knit bag with closed tapered ends by pushing one end within the other, thus making a conical cap of double thickness.
"Picturesque fellow with tuques, red sashes, and fur coats." F. Remington.

Turacin
Tu´ra•cin, n. (Physiol.) (Chem.) A red or crimson pigment obtained from certain feathers of several species of turacou; whence the name. It contains nearly six per cent of copper.

Turacou
Tu•ra´cou, n. [Cf. F. touraco.] (Zoöl.) Any one of several species of plantain eaters of the genus Turacus, native of Africa. They are remarkable for the peculiar green and red pigments found in their feathers. [Written also touraco, and touracou.]

Turacoverdin
Tu•ra•co•ver´din, n. [See Turacou, and Verdant.] (Physiol.) (Chem.) A green pigment found in the feathers of the turacou. See Turacin.

Turanians
Tu•ra´ni•ans, n. pl. (Ethnol.) (a) An extensive division of mankind including the Mongols and allied races of Asia, together with the Malays and Polynesians. (b) A group of races or tribes inhabiting Asia and closely related to the Mongols.

Turatt
Tu´ratt, n. (Zoöl.) The hare kangaroo.

Turban
Tur´ban, n. [OE. turband, turbant, tolibant, F. turban, It. turbante, Turk. tulbend, dulbend, fr. Per. dulband. Cf. Tulip.]
1. A headdress worn by men in the Levant and by most Mohammedans of the male sex, consisting of a cap, and a sash, scarf, or shawl, usually of cotton or linen, wound about the cap, and sometimes hanging down the neck.
2. A kind of headdress worn by women.
3. (Zoöl.) The whole set of whorls of a spiral shell.

Turbaned
Tur´baned, a. Wearing a turban. " A malignant and a turbaned Turk." Shak.

Turban-shell
Tur´ban-shell, n. (Zoöl.) A sea urchin when deprived of its spines; — popularly so called from a fancied resemblance to a turban.

Turbant
Tur´bant, n. A turban. [Obs.] Milton.
"I see the Turk nodding with his turbant." Howell.

Turban-top
Tur´ban-top, n. (Bot.) A kind of fungus with an irregularly wrinkled, somewhat globular pileus ( Helvella, or Gyromitra, esculenta.).

Turbary
Tur´ba•ry, n. ; pl. Turbaries (#). [LL. turbaria a place for digging peat, from turba peat. See Turf.] (Eng. Law) A right of digging turf on another man’s land; also the ground where turf is dug.

Turbellarian
Tur•bel•la´ri•an, n. (Zoöl.) One of the Turbellaria. Also used adjectively.

Turbeth
Tur´beth, n. See Turpeth.

Turbidly
Tur´bid•ly, adv.
1. In a turbid manner; with muddiness or confusion.
2. Proudly; haughtily. [A Latinism. R.]
"One of great merit turbidly resents them." Young.

Turbidness
Tur´bid•ness, n. The quality or state of being turbid; muddiness; foulness.

Turbillion
Tur•bil´lion, n. [F. tourbillon, from L. turbo a whirl.] A whirl; a vortex. Spectator.

Turbinaceous
Tur•bi•na´ceous, a. [See Turbary.] Of or pertaining to peat, or turf; of the nature of peat, or turf; peaty; turfy. Sir. W. Scott.

Turbinate
Tur´bi•nate, v. i. To revolve or spin like a top; to whirl. [R.] { Tur´bi•nate, Tur´bi•na•ted } a. [L. turbinatus, turbo, turben, -inis, a whirl, top.]
1. Whirling in the manner of a top.
"A spiral and turbinated motion of the whole." Bentley.
2. (Bot.) Shaped like a top, or inverted cone; narrow at the base, and broad at the apex; as a turbinated ovary, pericarp, or root.
3. (Anat.) Turbinal.
4. (Zoöl.) Spiral with the whorls decreasing rapidly from a large base to a pointed apex; — said of certain shells.

Turbination
Tur•bi•na´tion, n. [Cf. L. tirbinatio a pointing in the form of a cone. See Turbinate.] The act of spinning or whirling, as a top.

Turbinella
Tur•bi•nel´la, n. [NL., dim. fr. L. turbo, -inis, a top.] (Zoöl.) A genus of large marine gastropods having a thick heavy shell with conspicuous folds on the columella.

Turbinite
Tur´bi•nite, n. [NL. Turbo, the generic name, fr. L. turbo a whirl, top: cf. F. turbinite.] (Paleon.) A petrified shell resembling the genus Turbo. [R.]

Turbinoid
Tur´bi•noid, a. [See Turbo, and -oid.] (Zoöl.) Like or pertaining to Turbo or the family Turbinidae.

Turbith
Tur´bith, n. [F., fr. Per. See Turpeth.] See Turpeth.

Turbulency
Tur´bu•len•cy, n. Turbulence.
"What a tale of terror now its turbulency tells!" Poe.

Turbulent
Tur´bu•lent, a. [L. turbulentus, fr. turba disorder, tumult: cf. F. turbulent. See Turbid.]
1. Disturbed; agitated; tumultuous; roused to violent commotion; as the turbulent ocean.
"Calm region once, And full of peace, now tossed and turbulent." Milton.
2. Disposed to insubordination and disorder; restless; unquiet; refractory; as turbulent spirits.
"Sagacious, bold, and turbulent of wit." Dryden.
3. Producing commotion; disturbing; exciting.
"Whose heads that turbulent liquor fills with fumes." Milton.
Syn. — Disturbed; agitated; tumultuous; riotous; seditious; insubordinate; refractory; unquiet.

Turcism
Tur´cism, n. A mode of speech peculiar to the Turks; a Turkish idiom or expression; also in general, a Turkish mode or custom.

Turcoman
Tur´co•man, n. ; pl. Turcomans .
1. A member of a tribe of Turanians inhabiting a region east of the Caspian Sea.
2. A Turcoman carpet. Turcoman carpet or rug, a kind of carpet or rug supposed to be made by the Turcomans.

Turdiformes
Tur•di•for´mes, n. pl. [NL., fr. L. turdus a thrush + forma form.] (Zoöl.) A division of singing birds including the thrushes and allied kinds.

Turdus
Tur´dus, n. [L., a thrush.] (Zoöl.) A genus of singing birds including the true thrushes.

Tureen
Tu•reen´, n. [F. terrine, L. terra earth. See Terrace.] A large, deep vessel for holding soup, or other liquid food, at the table. [Written also terreen.]

Turf (tûrf), n. ; pl. Turfs (#), Obs. Turves (#). [AS. turf; akin to D. turf peat, G. torf, OHG. zurba turf, Sw. & Icel. torf turf, peat, Dan. törv, Skr. darbha a kind of grass, a tuft of grass. rad.242.]
1. That upper stratum of earth and vegetable mold which is filled with the roots of grass and other small plants, so as to adhere and form a kind of mat; sward; sod.
"At his head a grass-green turf." Shak.
"The Greek historian sets her in the field on a high heap of turves." Milton.
2. Peat, especially when prepared for fuel. See Peat.
3. Race course; horse racing; — preceded by the. "We … claim the honors of the turf." Cowper. Turf is often used adjectively, or to form compounds which are generally self-explaining; as turf ashes, turf cutter or turf-cutter, turf pit or turf-pit, turf-built, turf-clad, turf-covered, etc. Turf ant (Zoöl.), a small European ant ( Formica flava) which makes small ant-hills on heaths and commons. — Turf drain, a drain made with turf or peat. — Turf hedge, a hedge or fence formed with turf and plants of different kinds. — Turf house, a house or shed formed of turf, common in the northern parts of Europe. — Turf moss a tract of turfy, mossy, or boggy land. — Turf spade, a spade for cutting and digging turf, longer and narrower than the common spade.

Turf, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Turfed p. pr. & vb. n. Turfing.] To cover with turf or sod; as to turf a bank, of the border of a terrace. A. Tucker.

Turfiness
Turf´i•ness, n. Quality or state of being turfy.

Turfing
Turf´ing, n. The act or process of providing or covering with turf. Turfing iron, or Turfing spade, an implement for cutting, and paring off, turf.

Turfite
Turf´ite, n. A votary of the turf, or race course; hence, sometimes, a blackleg. [Colloq.] Thackeray.

Turfless
Turf´less, a. Destitute of turf.

Turfman
Turf´man, n. ; pl. Turfmen . A turfite; a votary of the turf, or race course. [Colloq.]

Turfy
Turf´y, a. [ Compar. Turfier superl. Turfiest.]
1. Abounding with turf; made of, or covered with, turf. "The turfy mountains." Shak.
2. Having the nature or appearance of turf.
3. Of or pertaining to the turf, or horse racing.

Turgesce
Tur•gesce´, v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Turgesced p. pr. & vb. n. Turgescing ] [L. turgescere, v. incho. fr. turgere to swell.] To become turgid; to swell or be inflated. [R.] { Tur•ges´cence, Tur•ges´cen•cy } n. [Cf. F. turgescence. See Turgescent.]
1. The act of swelling, or the state of being swollen, or turgescent. Sir T. Browne.
2. Empty magnificence or pompousness; inflation; bombast; turgidity. Johnson.

Turgidity
Tur•gid´i•ty, n. The quality or state of being turgid.

Turgidous
Tur´gid•ous, a. Turgid. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Turio
Tu´ri•o, n. ; pl. Turiones (#). [L.] (Bot.) A shoot or sprout from the ground. Gray.

Turiole
Tu´ri•ole, n. The golden oriole. [Prov. Eng.]

Turion
Tu´ri•on, n. (Bot.) Same as Turio.

Turk, n. [Per. Turk; probably of Tartar origin: cf. F. Turc.]
1. A member of any of numerous Tartar tribes of Central Asia, etc.; esp., one of the dominant race in Turkey.
2. A native or inhabitant of Turkey.
3. A Mohammedan; esp., one living in Turkey.
"It is no good reason for a man’s religion that he was born and brought up in it; for then a Turk would have as much reason to be a Turk as a Christian to be a Christian." Chillingworth.
4. (Zoöl.) The plum weevil. See Curculio, and Plum weevil, under Plum. Turk’s cap. (Bot.) (a) Turk’s-cap lily. See under Lily. (b) A tulip. (c) A plant of the genus Melocactus; Turk’s head. See Melon cactus, under Melon. — Turk’s head. (a) (Naut.) A knot of turbanlike form worked on a rope with a piece of small line. R. H. Dana, Jr. (b) (Bot.) See Turk’s cap (c) above. — Turk’s turban (Bot.), a plant of the genus Ranunculus; crowfoot.

Turkeis
Tur´keis, a. [Cf. Turquoise.] Turkish. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Turkey-trot
Tur´key-trot, n. An eccentric ragtime dance, danced with the feet well apart and with a characteristic rise on the ball of the foot, followed by a drop upon the heel. The original form, owning to the positions assumed by the dancers, is offensively suggestive. Similar dances are the bunny hug and grizzly bear, so called in allusion to the movements and the positions assumed by the partners in dancing.

Turkic
Turk´ic, a. Turkish.

Turkis
Tur´kis, n. (Min.) Turquois. [Obs.]

Turkish
Turk´ish, a. Of or pertaining to Turkey or the Turks. — n. The language spoken by Turks, esp. that of the people of Turkey. — Turk´ish•ly, adv. — Turk´ish•ness, n.

Turkism
Turk´ism, n. Same as Turcism.

Turkism
Turk´ism, n. A Turkish idiom or expression; also in general, a Turkish mode or custom.

Turkle
Tur´kle, n. A turtle. [Obs. or Illiterate]

Turko
Turk´o, n. ; pl. Turkos (#). [F. turco.] One of a body of native Algerian tirailleurs in the French army, dressed as a Turk. [Written also Turco.]

Turko-Iranian
Tur•ko-I•ra´ni•an, a. (Ethnol.) Designating, or pert. to, a mixed racial type including the Afghans, and characterized chiefly by stature above mean, fair complexion, dark, or sometimes gray, eyes, brachycephaly, and very long, prominent, and moderately narrow nose.

Turko-Iranian
Tur•ko-I•ra´ni•an, n. A member of any race of the Turko-Iranian type.

Turkois
Tur•kois´, n. & a. Turquoise.

Turkoman
Tur´ko•man, n. ; pl. Turkomans . Same as Turcoman.

Turm, n. [L. turma.] A troop; a company. [Obs. or Poetic]
"Legions and cohorts, turms of horse and wings." Milton.

Turmaline
Tur´ma•line, n. (Min.) See Tourmaline.

Turmerol
Tur´mer•ol, n. [ Turmeric + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.) Turmeric oil, a brownish yellow, oily substance extracted from turmeric by ligroin.

Turmoil
Tur´moil, n. [Of uncertain origin; perhaps fr. OF. tremouille the hopper of a mill, trembler to tremble (cf. E. tremble); influenced by E. turn and moil.] Harassing labor; trouble; molestation by tumult; disturbance; worrying confusion.
"And there I’ll rest, as after much turmoil, A blessed soul doth in Elysium." Shak.

Turmoil
Tur•moil´, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Turmoiled p. pr. & vb. n. Turmoiling.] To harass with commotion; to disquiet; to worry. [Obs.]
"It is her fatal misfortune … to be miserably tossed and turmoiled with these storms of affliction." Spenser.

Turmoil
Tur•moil´, v. i. To be disquieted or confused; to be in commotion. [Obs.] Milton.

Turn, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Turned p. pr. & vb. n. Turning.] [OE. turnen, tournen, OF. tourner, torner, turner, F. tourner, LL. tornare, fr. L. tornare to turn in a lathe, to rounds off, fr. tornus a lathe, Gr. a turner’s chisel, a carpenter’s tool for drawing circles; probably akin to E. throw. See Throw, and cf. Attorney, Return, Tornado, Tour, Tournament.]
1. To cause to move upon a center, or as if upon a center; to give circular motion to; to cause to revolve; to cause to move round, either partially, wholly, or repeatedly; to make to change position so as to present other sides in given directions; to make to face otherwise; as to turn a wheel or a spindle; to turn the body or the head.
"Turn the adamantine spindle round." Milton.
"The monarch turns him to his royal guest." Pope.
2. To cause to present a different side uppermost or outmost; to make the upper side the lower, or the inside to be the outside of; to reverse the position of; as to turn a box or a board; to turn a coat.
3. To give another direction, tendency, or inclination to; to direct otherwise; to deflect; to incline differently; — used both literally and figuratively; as to turn the eyes to the heavens; to turn a horse from the road, or a ship from her course; to turn the attention to or from something. "Expert when to advance, or stand, or, turn the sway of battle." Milton.
"Thrice I deluded her, and turned to sport Her importunity." Milton.
"My thoughts are turned on peace." Addison.
4. To change from a given use or office; to divert, as to another purpose or end; to transfer; to use or employ; to apply; to devote.
"Therefore he slew him, and turned the kingdom unto David." 1 Chron. x. 14.
"God will make these evils the occasion of a greater good, by turning them to advantage in this world." Tillotson.
"When the passage is open, land will be turned most to cattle; when shut, to sheep." Sir W. Temple.
5. To change the form, quality, aspect, or effect of; to alter; to metamorphose; to convert; to transform; — often with to or into before the word denoting the effect or product of the change; as to turn a worm into a winged insect; to turn green to blue; to turn prose into verse; to turn a Whig to a Tory, or a Hindu to a Christian; to turn good to evil, and the like.
"The Lord thy God will turn thy captivity, and have compassion upon thee." Deut. xxx. 3.
"And David said, O Lord, I pray thee, turn the counsel of Ahithophel into foolishness." 2 Sam. xv. 31.
"Impatience turns an ague into a fever." Jer. Taylor.
6. To form in a lathe; to shape or fashion (anything) by applying a cutting tool to it while revolving; as to turn the legs of stools or tables; to turn ivory or metal.
"I had rather hear a brazen canstick turned." Shak.
7. Hence, to give form to; to shape; to mold; to put in proper condition; to adapt. "The poet’s pen turns them to shapes." Shak.
"His limbs how turned, how broad his shoulders spread !" Pope.
"He was perfectly well turned for trade." Addison.
8. Specifically: — (a) To translate; to construe; as to turn the Iliad.
"Who turns a Persian tale for half a crown." Pope. (b) To make acid or sour; to ferment; to curdle, etc.: as to turn cider or wine; electricity turns milk quickly. (c) To sicken; to nauseate; as an emetic turns one’s stomach. To be turned of, be advanced beyond; as to be turned of sixty-six. — To turn a cold shoulder to, to treat with neglect or indifference. — To turn a corner, to go round a corner. — To turn adrift, to cast off, to cease to care for. — To turn a flange (Mech.), to form a flange on, as around a metal sheet or boiler plate, by stretching, bending, and hammering, or rolling the metal. — To turn against. (a) To direct against; as to turn one’s arguments against himself. (b) To make unfavorable or hostile to; as to turn one’s friends against him. — To turn a hostile army, To turn the enemy’s flank, or the like (Mil.), to pass round it, and take a position behind it or upon its side. — To turn a penny, or To turn an honest penny, to make a small profit by trade, or the like. — To turn around one’s finger, to have complete control of the will and actions of; to be able to influence at pleasure. — To turn aside, to avert. — To turn away. (a) To dismiss from service; to discard; as to turn away a servant. (b) To avert; as to turn away wrath or evil. — To turn back. (a) To give back; to return.
"We turn not back the silks upon the merchants, When we have soiled them." Shak. (b) To cause to return or retrace one’s steps; hence, to drive away; to repel. Shak. — To turn down. (a) To fold or double down. (b) To turn over so as to conceal the face of; as to turn down cards. (c) To lower, or reduce in size, by turning a valve, stopcock, or the like; as turn down the lights. — To turn in. (a) To fold or double under; as to turn in the edge of cloth. (b) To direct inwards; as to turn the toes in when walking. (c) To contribute; to deliver up; as he turned in a large amount. [Colloq.] — To turn in the mind, to revolve, ponder, or meditate upon; — with about, over, etc. " Turn these ideas about in your mind." I. Watts. — To turn off. (a) To dismiss contemptuously; as to turn off a sycophant or a parasite. (b) To give over; to reduce. (c) To divert; to deflect; as to turn off the thoughts from serious subjects; to turn off a joke. (d) To accomplish; to perform, as work. (e) (Mech.) To remove, as a surface, by the process of turning; to reduce in size by turning. (f) To shut off, as a fluid, by means of a valve, stopcock, or other device; to stop the passage of; as to turn off the water or the gas. — To turn on, to cause to flow by turning a valve, stopcock, or the like; to give passage to; as to turn on steam. — To turn one’s coat, to change one’s uniform or colors; to go over to the opposite party. — To turn one’s goods or money, and the like, to exchange in the course of trade; to keep in lively exchange or circulation; to gain or increase in trade. — To turn one’s hand to, to adapt or apply one’s self to; to engage in. — To turn out. (a) To drive out; to expel; as to turn a family out of doors; to turn a man out of office.
"I’ll turn you out of my kingdom." Shak. (b) to put to pasture, as cattle or horses. (c) To produce, as the result of labor, or any process of manufacture; to furnish in a completed state. (d) To reverse, as a pocket, bag, etc., so as to bring the inside to the outside; hence, to produce. (e) To cause to cease, or to put out, by turning a stopcock, valve, or the like; as to turn out the lights. — To turn over. (a) To change or reverse the position of; to overset; to overturn; to cause to roll over. (b) To transfer; as to turn over business to another hand. (c) To read or examine, as a book, while, turning the leaves. "We turned o’er many books together." Shak. (d) To handle in business; to do business to the amount of; as he turns over millions a year. [Colloq.] — To turn over a new leaf. See under Leaf. — To turn tail, to run away; to retreat ignominiously. — To turn the back, to flee; to retreat. — To turn the back on or upon, to treat with contempt; to reject or refuse unceremoniously. — To turn the corner, to pass the critical stage; to get by the worst point; hence, to begin to improve, or to succeed. — To turn the die or dice, to change fortune. — To turn the edge or point of, to bend over the edge or point of so as to make dull; to blunt. — To turn the head or brain of, to make giddy, wild, insane, or the like; to infatuate; to overthrow the reason or judgment of; as a little success turned his head. — To turn the scale or balance, to change the preponderance; to decide or determine something doubtful. — To turn the stomach of, to nauseate; to sicken. — To turn the tables, to reverse the chances or conditions of success or superiority; to give the advantage to the person or side previously at a disadvantage. — To turn tippet, to make a change. [Obs.] B. Jonson. — To turn toprofit, advantage, etc., to make profitable or advantageous. — To turn up. (a) To turn so as to bring the bottom side on top; as to turn up the trump. (b) To bring from beneath to the surface, as in plowing, digging, etc. (c) To give an upward curve to; to tilt; as to turn up the nose. — To turn upon, to retort; to throw back; as to turn the arguments of an opponent upon himself. — To turn upside down, to confuse by putting things awry; to throw into disorder.
"This house is turned upside down since Robin Ostler died." Shak.

Turn, v. i.
1. To move round; to have a circular motion; to revolve entirely, repeatedly, or partially; to change position, so as to face differently; to whirl or wheel round; as a wheel turns on its axis; a spindle turns on a pivot; a man turns on his heel.
"The gate … on golden hinges turning." Milton.
2. Hence, to revolve as if upon a point of support; to hinge; to depend; as the decision turns on a single fact.
"Conditions of peace certainly turn upon events of war." Swift.
3. To result or terminate; to come about; to eventuate; to issue.
"If we repent seriously, submit contentedly, and serve him faithfully, afflictions shall turn to our advantage." Wake.
4. To be deflected; to take a different direction or tendency; to be directed otherwise; to be differently applied; to be transferred; as to turn from the road.
"Turn from thy fierce wrath." Ex. xxxii. 12.
"Turn ye, turn ye from your evil ways." Ezek. xxxiii. 11.
"The understanding turns inward on itself, and reflects on its own operations." Locke.
5. To be changed, altered, or transformed; to become transmuted; also to become by a change or changes; to grow; as wood turns to stone; water turns to ice; one color turns to another; to turn Mohammedan.
"I hope you have no intent to turn husband." Shak.
"Cygnets from gray turn white." Bacon.
6. To undergo the process of turning on a lathe; as ivory turns well.
7. Specifically: — (a) To become acid; to sour; — said of milk, ale, etc. (b) To become giddy; — said of the head or brain.
"I’ll look no more; Lest my brain turn." Shak. (c) To be nauseated; — said of the stomach. (d) To become inclined in the other direction; — said of scales. (e) To change from ebb to flow, or from flow to ebb; — said of the tide. (f) (Obstetrics) To bring down the feet of a child in the womb, in order to facilitate delivery.
8. (Print.) To invert a type of the same thickness, as temporary substitute for any sort which is exhausted. To turn about, to face to another quarter; to turn around. — To turn again, to come back after going; to return. Shak. — To turn against, to become unfriendly or hostile to. — To turnaside or away. (a) To turn from the direct course; to withdraw from a company; to deviate. (b) To depart; to remove. (c) To avert one’s face. — To turn back, to turn so as to go in an opposite direction; to retrace one’s steps. — To turn in. (a) To bend inward. (b) To enter for lodgings or entertainment. (c) To go to bed. [Colloq.] — To turn into, to enter by making a turn; as to turn into a side street. — To turn off, to be diverted; to deviate from a course; as the road turns off to the left. — To turn on or upon. (a) To turn against; to confront in hostility or anger. (b) To reply to or retort. (c) To depend on; as the result turns on one condition. — To turn out. (a) To move from its place, as a bone. (b) To bend or point outward; as his toes turn out. (c) To rise from bed. [Colloq.] (d) To come abroad; to appear; as not many turned out to the fire. (e) To prove in the result; to issue; to result; as the crops turned out poorly. — To turn over, to turn from side to side; to roll; to tumble. — To turn round. (a) To change position so as to face in another direction. (b) To change one’s opinion; to change from one view or party to another. — To turn to, to apply one’s self to; have recourse to; to refer to. "Helvicus’s tables may be turned to on all occasions." Locke. — To turn to account, profit, advantage, or the like, to be made profitable or advantageous; to become worth the while. — To turn under, to bend, or be folded, downward or under. — To turn up. (a) To bend, or be doubled, upward. (b) To appear; to come to light; to transpire; to occur; to happen.

Turn, n.
1. The act of turning; movement or motion about, or as if about, a center or axis; revolution; as the turn of a wheel.
2. Change of direction, course, or tendency; different order, position, or aspect of affairs; alteration; vicissitude; as the turn of the tide.
"At length his complaint took a favorable turn." Macaulay.
"The turns and varieties of all passions." Hooker.
"Too well the turns of mortal chance I know." Pope.
3. One of the successive portions of a course, or of a series of occurrences, reckoning from change to change; hence, a winding; a bend; a meander.
"And all its [the river’s] thousand turns disclose. Some fresher beauty varying round." Byron.
4. A circuitous walk, or a walk to and fro, ending where it began; a short walk; a stroll.
"Come, you and I must walk a turn together." Shak.
"I will take a turn in your garden." Dryden.
5. Successive course; opportunity enjoyed by alternation with another or with others, or in due order; due chance; alternate or incidental occasion; appropriate time. "Nobleness and bounty … had their turns in his [the king’s] nature."
"His turn will come to laugh at you again." Denham.
"Every one has a fair turn to be as great as he pleases." Collier.
6. Incidental or opportune deed or office; occasional act of kindness or malice; as to do one an ill turn.
"Had I not done a friendes turn to thee?" Chaucer.
"thanks are half lost when good turns are delayed." Fairfax.
7. Convenience; occasion; purpose; exigence; as this will not serve his turn.
"I have enough to serve mine own turn." Shak.
8. Form; cast; shape; manner; fashion; — used in a literal or figurative sense; hence, form of expression; mode of signifying; as the turn of thought; a man of a sprightly turn in conversation.
"The turn of both his expressions and thoughts is unharmonious." Dryden.
"The Roman poets, in their description of a beautiful man, often mention the turn of his neck and arms." Addison.
9. A change of condition; especially, a sudden or recurring symptom of illness, as a nervous shock, or fainting spell; as a bad turn. [Colloq.]
10. A fall off the ladder at the gallows; a hanging; — so called from the practice of causing the criminal to stand on a ladder which was turned over, so throwing him off, when the signal was given. [Obs.]
11. A round of a rope or cord in order to secure it, as about a pin or a cleat.
12. (Mining) A pit sunk in some part of a drift.
13. (Eng. Law) A court of record, held by the sheriff twice a year in every hundred within his county. Blount.
14. pl. (Med.) Monthly courses; menses. [Colloq.]
15. (Mus.) An embellishment or grace (marked thus, ), commonly consisting of the principal note, or that on which the turn is made, with the note above, and the semitone below, the note above being sounded first, the principal note next, and the semitone below last, the three being performed quickly, as a triplet preceding the marked note. The turn may be inverted so as to begin with the lower note, in which case the sign is either placed on end thus, or drawn thus . By turns. (a) One after another; alternately; in succession. (b) At intervals. "[They] feel by turns the bitter change." Milton. — In turn, in due order of succession. — To a turn, exactly; perfectly; as done to a turn; — a phrase alluding to the practice of cooking on a revolving spit. — To take turns, to alternate; to succeed one another in due order. — Turn and turn about, by equal alternating periods of service or duty; by turns. — Turn bench, a simple portable lathe, used on a bench by clock makers and watchmakers. — Turn buckle. See Turnbuckle, in Vocabulary. — Turn cap, a sort of chimney cap which turns round with the wind so as to present its opening to the leeward. G. Francis. — Turn of life (Med.), change of life. See under Change. — Turn screw, a screw driver.

Turn, v. t. To make a turn about or around (something); to go or pass around by turning; as to turn a corner.
"The ranges are not high or steep, and one can turn a kopje instead of cutting or tunneling through it." James Bryce. To turn turtle, to capsize bottom upward; — said of a vessel. [Naut. slang] — To turn under (Agric.), to put, as soil, manure, etc., underneath from the surface by plowing, digging, or the like.

Turnbroach
Turn´broach, n. A turnspit. [Obs.] " One that was her turnbroach." Beau. & Fl.

Turn-buckle
Turn´-buc•kle, n. (Mech.) (a) A loop or sleeve with a screw thread at one end and a swivel at the other, — used for tightening a rod, stay, etc. (b) A gravitating catch, as for fastening a shutter, the end of a chain, or a hasp.

Turnbull’s blue
Turn"bull’s blue (Chem.) The double cyanide of ferrous and ferric iron, a dark blue amorphous substance having a coppery luster, used in dyeing, calico printing, etc. Cf. Prussian blue, under Prussian.

Turndown
Turn´down, a.
1. Capable of being turned down; specif. (Elec.), designating, or pertaining to, an incandescent lamp with a small additional filament which can be made incandescent when only a small amount of light is required.
2. Made to wear with the upper part turned down; as a turndown collar.

Turnep
Tur´nep, n. (Bot.) See Turnip. [Obs.]

Turnerite
Tur´ner•ite, n. [So called from the English chemist and mineralogist, C. H. Turner.] (Min.) A variety of monazite.

Turnery
Turn´er•y, n. [Cf. F. tournerie.]
1. The art of fashioning solid bodies into cylindrical or other forms by means of a lathe.
2. Things or forms made by a turner, or in the lathe.
"Chairs of wood, the seats triangular, the backs, arms, and legs loaded with turnery." Walpole.

Turney
Tur´ney, n. & v. Tourney. [Obs.] Chaucer. "In open turney." Spenser. Milton.

Turnhalle
Turn´hal•le, n. [G., from turnen to exercise gymnastics + halle hall.] A building used as a school of gymnastics.

Turnicimorphae
Tur•ni•ci•mor´phae, n. pl. [NL. See Turnix, and -morphous.] (Zoöl.) A division of birds including Turnix and allied genera, resembling quails in appearance but differing from them anatomically.

Turnip
Tur´nip, n. [OE. turnep; probably fr. turn, or F. tour a turn, turning lathe + OE. nepe a turnip, AS. naepe, L. napus. Cf. Turn, v. t., Navew.] (Bot.) The edible, fleshy, roundish, or somewhat conical, root of a cruciferous plant ( Brassica campestris, var. Napus); also the plant itself. [Formerly written also turnep.] Swedish turnip (Bot.), a kind of turnip. See Ruta-baga. — Turnip flea (Zoöl.), a small flea-beetle ( Haltica, or Phyllotreta, striolata), which feeds upon the turnip, and often seriously injures it. It is black with a stripe of yellow on each elytron. The name is also applied to several other small insects which are injurious to turnips. See Illust. under Flea-beetle. — Turnip fly. (Zoöl.) (a) The turnip flea. (b) A two-winged fly ( Anthomyia radicum) whose larvae live in the turnip root.

Turnix
Tur´nix, n. [NL., fr. L. coturnix a quail.] (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of birds belonging to Turnix or Hemipodius and allied genera of the family Turnicidae. These birds resemble quails and partridges in general appearance and in some of their habits, but differ in important anatomical characteristics. The hind toe is usually lacking. They are found in Asia, Africa, Southern Europe, the East Indian Islands, and esp. in Australia and adjacent islands, where they are called quails (see Quail, n. , 3.). See Turnicimorphae.

Turn-out
Turn´-out, n. ; pl. Turn- outs .
1. The act of coming forth; a leaving of houses, shops, etc.; esp., a quitting of employment for the purpose of forcing increase of wages; a strike; — opposed to lockout.
2. A short side track on a railroad, which may be occupied by one train while another is passing on a main track; a shunt; a siding; a switch.
3. That which is prominently brought forward or exhibited; hence, an equipage; as a man with a showy carriage and horses is said to have a fine turn-out.
4. The aggregate number of persons who have come out, as from their houses, for a special purpose.
5. Net quantity of produce yielded.

Turnover
Turn´o•ver, n.
1. The act or result of turning over; an upset; as a bad turnover in a carriage.
2. A semicircular pie or tart made by turning one half of a circular crust over the other, inclosing the fruit or other materials.
3. An apprentice, in any trade, who is handed over from one master to another to complete his time.

Turnover
Turn´o•ver, a. Admitting of being turned over; made to be turned over; as a turnover collar, etc.

Turnpike
Turn´pike, n. [ Turn + pike.]
1. A frame consisting of two bars crossing each other at right angles and turning on a post or pin, to hinder the passage of beasts, but admitting a person to pass between the arms; a turnstile. See Turnstile, 1.
"I move upon my axle like a turnpike." B. Jonson.
2. A gate or bar set across a road to stop carriages, animals, and sometimes people, till toll is paid for keeping the road in repair; a tollgate.
3. A turnpike road. De Foe.
4. A winding stairway. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott.
5. (Mil.) A beam filled with spikes to obstruct passage; a cheval-de-frise. [R.] Turnpike man, a man who collects tolls at a turnpike. — Turnpike road, a road on which turnpikes, or tollgates, are established by law, in order to collect from the users tolls to defray the cost of building, repairing, etc.

Turnpike
Turn´pike, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Turnpiked p. pr. & vb. n. Turnpiking.] To form, as a road, in the manner of a turnpike road; into a rounded form, as the path of a road. Knowles.

Turn-sick
Turn´-sick, a. Giddy. [Obs.] Bacon.

Turn-sick
Turn´-sick, n. (For.) A disease with which sheep are sometimes affected; gid; sturdy. See Gid.

Turnstile
Turn´stile, n.
1. A revolving frame in a footpath, preventing the passage of horses or cattle, but admitting that of persons; a turnpike. See Turnpike, n. , 1.
2. A similar arrangement for registering the number of persons passing through a gateway, doorway, or the like.

Turntable
Turn´ta•ble, n. A large revolving platform, for turning railroad cars, locomotives, etc., in a different direction; — called also turnplate.

Turnus
Tur´nus, n. [NL., fr. L. Turnus, the king of the Rutuli, mentioned in the AEneid.] (Zoöl.) A common, large, handsome, American swallowtail butterfly, now regarded as one of the forms of Papilio, or Jasoniades, glaucus. The wings are yellow, margined and barred with black, and with an orange-red spot near the posterior angle of the hind wings. Called also tiger swallowtail. See Illust. under Swallowtail.

Turnwrest
Turn´wrest, n. (a) Designating a cumbersome style of plow used in England, esp. in Kent. (b) designating a kind of hillside plow. [Eng.] Knight.

Turonian
Tu•ro´ni•an, n. (Geol.) One of the subdivisions into which the Upper Cretaceous formation of Europe is divided.

Turpentine
Tur´pen•tine, n. [F. terebentine, OF. also turbentine; cf. Pr. terebentina, terbentina, It. terebentina, trementina; fr. L. terebinthinus of the turpentine tree, from terebinthus the turpentine tree. Gr., . See Terebinth.] A semifluid or fluid oleoresin, primarily the exudation of the terebinth, or turpentine, tree ( Pistacia Terebinthus), a native of the Mediterranean region. It is also obtained from many coniferous trees, especially species of pine, larch, and fir. There are many varieties of turpentine. Chian turpentine is produced in small quantities by the turpentine tree ( Pistacia Terebinthus). Venice, Swiss, or larch turpentine, is obtained from Larix Europaea. It is a clear, colorless balsam, having a tendency to solidify. Canada turpentine, or Canada balsam, is the purest of all the pine turpentines (see under Balsam). The Carpathian and Hungarian varieties are derived from Pinus Cembra and Pinus Mugho. Carolina turpentine, the most abundant kind, comes from the long-leaved pine ( Pinus palustris). Strasburg turpentine is from the silver fir ( Abies pectinata). Oil of turpentine (Chem.), a colorless oily hydrocarbon, C₁₀H₁₆, of a pleasant aromatic odor, obtained by the distillation of crude turpentine. It is used in making varnishes, in medicine, etc. It is the type of the terpenes and is related to cymene. Called also terebenthene, terpene, etc. — Turpentine moth (Zoöl.), any one of several species of small tortricid moths whose larvae eat the tender shoots of pine and fir trees, causing an exudation of pitch or resin. — Turpentine tree (Bot.), the terebinth tree, the original source of turpentine. See Turpentine, above.

Turpeth
Tur´peth, n. [NL. turpethum, fr. Per. tirbid a cathartic, turbad a purgative root. Cf. Turbith.] [Written also turbeth, and turbith.]
1. (Bot.) The root of Ipomœa Turpethum, a plant of Ceylon, Malabar, and Australia, formerly used in medicine as a purgative; — sometimes called vegetable turpeth.
2. (Chem.) A heavy yellow powder, Hg₃O₂SO₄, which consists of a basic mercuric sulphate; — called also turpeth mineral.

Turpitude
Tur´pi•tude, n. [L. turpitudo, from turpis foul, base.] Inherent baseness or vileness of principle, words, or actions; shameful wickedness; depravity. Shak. { Tur•quoise´, Tur•quois´ } ( 277), n. [F. turquoise; cf. Pr. & Sp. turquesa, It. turchese, turchina, LL. turchesius, turchina; — so called because first brought from Turkey. See 1st Turkey.] (Min.) A hydrous phosphate of alumina containing a little copper; calaite. It has a blue, or bluish green, color, and usually occurs in reniform masses with a botryoidal surface. [Formerly written also turcois, and turkois.] Turquoise is susceptible of a high polish, and when of a bright blue color is much esteemed as a gem. The finest specimens come from Persia. It is also found in New Mexico and Arizona, and is regarded as identical with the chalchihuitl of the Mexicans.

Turrel
Tur´rel, n. [Cf. OF. touroul a little wooden instrument to fasten doors or windows.] A certain tool used by coopers. Sherwood.

Turret
Tur´ret, n. [OE. touret, OF. tourette, dim. of tour a tower, L. turris. See Tower.]
1. (Arch.) A little tower, frequently a merely ornamental structure at one of the angles of a larger structure.
2. (Anc. Mil.) A movable building, of a square form, consisting of ten or even twenty stories and sometimes one hundred and twenty cubits high, usually moved on wheels, and employed in approaching a fortified place, for carrying soldiers, engines, ladders, casting bridges, and other necessaries.
3. (Mil.) A revolving tower constructed of thick iron plates, within which cannon are mounted. Turrets are used on vessels of war and on land.
4. (Railroads) The elevated central portion of the roof of a passenger car. Its sides are pierced for light and ventilation. Turret clock, a large clock adapted for an elevated position, as in the tower of a church. — Turret head (Mach.), a vertical cylindrical revolving tool holder for bringing different tools into action successively in a machine, as in a lathe. — Turret lathe, a turning lathe having a turret head. — Turret ship, an ironclad war vessel, with low sides, on which heavy guns are mounted within one or more iron turrets, which may be rotated, so that the guns may be made to bear in any required direction.

Turret steamer
Tur"ret steam•er. A whaleback steamer with a hatch coaming, usually about seven feet high, extending almost continuously fore and aft.

Turreted
Tur´ret•ed, a.
1. Furnished with a turret or turrets; specifically (Zoöl.), having the whorls somewhat flattened on the upper side and often ornamented by spines or tubercles; — said of certain spiral shells.
2. Formed like a tower; as a turreted lamp. Bacon.

Turribant
Tur´ri•bant, n. [See Turban.] A turban. [Obs.]
"With hundred turrets like a turribant." Spenser.

Turrilite
Tur´ri•lite, n. [L. turris tower + Gr. stone: cf. F. turrilite.] (Paleon.) Any fossil ammonite of the genus Turrilites. The shell forms an open spiral with the later whorls separate.

Turritella
Tur•ri•tel´la, n. [NL., dim fr. L. turris tower.] (Zoöl.) Any spiral marine gastropod belonging to Turritella and allied genera. These mollusks have an elongated, turreted shell, composed of many whorls. They have a rounded aperture, and a horny multispiral operculum.

Turritelloid
Tur•ri•tel´loid, a. [ Turritella + -oid.] (Zoöl.) Of, pertaining to, or resembling, the turritellas.

Turtle
Tur´tle, n. [AS. turtle, L. turtur; probably of imitative origin. Cf. Turtle the sea tortoise.] (Zoöl.) The turtledove.

Turtle
Tur´tle, n. [Probably the same word as the word preceding, and substituted (probably by sailors) for the Spanish or Portuguese name; cf. Sp. tortuga tortoise, turtle, Pg. tartaruga, also F. tortue, and E. tortoise.]
1. (Zoöl.) Any one of the numerous species of Testudinata, especially a sea turtle, or chelonian. In the United States the land and fresh-water tortoises are also called turtles.
2. (Printing) The curved plate in which the form is held in a type-revolving cylinder press. Alligator turtle, Box turtle, etc. See under Alligator, Box, etc. — green turtle (Zoöl.), a marine turtle of the genus Chelonia, having usually a smooth greenish or olive-colored shell. It is highly valued for the delicacy of its flesh, which is used especially for turtle soup. Two distinct species or varieties are known; one of which ( Chelonia Midas) inhabits the warm part of the Atlantic Ocean, and sometimes weighs eight hundred pounds or more; the other ( C. virgata) inhabits the Pacific Ocean. Both species are similar in habits and feed principally on seaweed and other marine plants, especially the turtle grass. — Turtle cowrie (Zoöl.), a large, handsome cowrie ( Cypraea testudinaria); the turtle-shell; so called because of its fancied resemblance to a tortoise in color and form. — Turtle grass (Bot.), a marine plant ( Thalassia testudinum) with grasslike leaves, common about the West Indies. — Turtle shell, tortoise shell. See under Tortoise.

Turtleback
Tur´tle•back, n.
1. (Archaeol.) A rude stone celt of a form suggesting the back of a turtle.
2. (Naut.) A convex deck at the bow or stern of a vessel, so made to shed the seas quickly.

Turtledove
Tur´tle•dove, n. [See 1ts Turtle.]
1. (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of pigeons belonging to Turtur and allied genera, native of various parts of the Old World; especially, the common European species ( Turtur vulgaris), which is noted for its plaintive note, affectionate disposition, and devotion to its mate. The South African turtledove ( T. albiventris), and the ashy turtledove of India ( T. rubicolus), are similar to the European species in their habits.
2. (Zoöl.) Any one of several species of pigeons more or less resembling the true turtledoves, as the American mourning dove (see under Dove), and the Australian turtledove ( Stictopelia cuneata). The turtledove of the Scriptures is probably Turtur risorius, a species which is still plentiful in Egypt and other Eastern countries. It is closely allied to the European turtledove.

Turtlehead
Tur´tle•head, n. (Bot.) An American perennial herb ( Chelone glabra) having white flowers shaped like the head of a turtle. Called also snakehead, shell flower, and balmony.

Turtler
Tur´tler, n. One who catches turtles or tortoises. "The Jamaica turtlers." Dampier.

Turtle-shell
Tur´tle-shell, n. The turtle cowrie.

Turtling
Tur´tling, n. The act, practice, or art of catching turtles. Marryat.

Turves, obs. pl. of Turf.

Tuscaroras
Tus•ca•ro´ras, n. pl.; sing. Tuscarora . (Ethnol.) A tribe of North American Indians formerly living on the Neuse and Tar rivers in North Carolina. They were conquered in 1713, after which the remnant of the tribe joined the Five Nations, thus forming the Six Nations. See Six Nations, under Six.

Tusked, a. Furnished with tusks.
"The tusked boar out of the wood." Milton.

Tusker
Tusk´er, n. (Zoöl.) An elephant having large tusks.

Tusker
Tusk´er, n. (Zoöl.) A large wild boar. { Tus´sahTus´seh } (tus"sa), n. [Also tussa, tussar, tusser, tussur, etc.] [Prob. fr. Hind. tasar a shuttle, Skr. tasara, trasara.] An undomesticated East Indian silkworn ( Antheraea mylitta), that feeds on the leaves of the oak and other plants.

Tusk-shell
Tusk´-shell, n. (Zoöl.) See 2d Tusk, n. , 2.

Tussac grass
Tus"sac grass Tussock grass.

Tussah silk
Tus"sah silk [Probably fr. Hind. tasar a shuttle, Skr. tasara, trasara.] (a) A silk cloth made from the cocoons of a caterpillar other than the common silkworm, much used in Bengal and China. (b) The silk fiber itself. [Written also tusseh silk.]

Tussal
Tus´sal, a. [L. tussis cough.] (Med.) Pertaining to, or manifested by, cough.

Tussicular
Tus•sic´u•lar, a. [L. tussicularis, fr. tussicula, dim. of tussis a cough.] Of or pertaining to a cough. Dunglison.

Tussis
Tus´sis, n. [L.] (Med.) A cough.

Tussive
Tus´sive, a. (Med.) Pertaining to a cough; caused by coughing.

Tussle
Tus´sle, v. i. & t. [See Tousle.] To struggle, as in sport; to scuffle; to struggle with. [Colloq.]

Tussle
Tus´sle, n. A struggle; a scuffle. [Colloq.]

Tussock
Tus´sock, n. [From Tuz.] [Written also tussuck.]
1. A tuft, as of grass, twigs, hair, or the like; especially, a dense tuft or bunch of grass or sedge.
"Such laying of the hair in tussocks and tufts." Latimer.
2. (Bot.) Same as Tussock grass, below.
3. (Zoöl.) A caterpillar of any one of numerous species of bombycid moths. The body of these caterpillars is covered with hairs which form long tufts or brushes. Some species are very injurious to shade and fruit trees. Called also tussock caterpillar. See Orgyia. Tussock grass. (Bot.) (a) A tall, strong grass of the genus Dactylis ( D. caespitosa), valuable for fodder, introduced into Scotland from the Falkland Islands. (b) A tufted grass ( Aira caespitosa). (c) Any kind of sedge ( Carex) which forms dense tufts in a wet meadow or boggy place. — Tussock moth (Zoöl.), the imago of any tussock caterpillar. They belong to Orgyia, Halecidota, and allied genera.

Tussuck
Tus´suck, n. See Tussock. Grew.

Tutelage
Tu´te•lage, n. [L. tutela protection, fr. tutus safe, fr. tueri to watch, defend. Cf. Tuition.]
1. The act of guarding or protecting; guardianship; protection; as the king’s right of seigniory and tutelage.
"The childhood of the European nations was passed under the tutelage of the clergy." Macaulay.
2. The state of being under a guardian; care or protection enjoyed. V. Knox. { Tu´te•lar, Tu´te•la•ry } a. [L. tutelaris: cf. F. tutelaire. See Tutelage.] Having the guardianship or charge of protecting a person or a thing; guardian; protecting; as tutelary goddesses.
"This, of all advantages, is the greatest … the most tutelary of morals." Landor.

Tut-nose
Tut´-nose, n. A snub nose. [Prov. Eng.]

Tutor
Tu´tor, n. [OE. tutour, L. tutor, fr. tueri to watch, defend: cf. F. tuteur. Cf. Tuition.] One who guards, protects, watches over, or has the care of, some person or thing. Specifically: — (a) A treasurer; a keeper. "Tutour of your treasure." Piers Plowman. (b) (Civ. Law) One who has the charge of a child or pupil and his estate; a guardian. (c) A private or public teacher. (d) (Eng. Universities) An officer or member of some hall, who instructs students, and is responsible for their discipline. (e) (Am. Colleges) An instructor of a lower rank than a professor.

Tutor
Tu´tor, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Tutored p. pr. & vb. n. Tutoring.]
1. To have the guardianship or care of; to teach; to instruct.
"Their sons are well tutored by you." Shak.
2. To play the tutor toward; to treat with authority or severity. Addison.

Tutoress
Tu´tor•ess, n. A woman who performs the duties of a tutor; an instructress. E. Moore.

Tutorial
Tu•to´ri•al, a. [L. tutorius.] Of or pertaining to a tutor; belonging to, or exercised by, a tutor.

Tutorism
Tu´tor•ism, n. Tutorship. [R.]

Tutorize
Tu´tor•ize, v. t. To teach; to instruct.
"I … shall tutorize him some day." J. H. Newman.

Tutorship
Tu´tor•ship, n. The office, duty, or care of a tutor; guardianship; tutelage. Hooker.

Tutory
Tu´tor•y, n. Tutorage. [Obs.] Holinshed.

Tutress
Tu´tress, n. Tutoress. [Obs.] Selden.

Tutrix
Tu´trix, n. [L. See Tutor.] A female guardian; a tutoress. [R.] Smollett.

Tutti
Tut´ti, n. pl. [It., fr. L. totus, pl. toti, all.] (Mus.) All; — a direction for all the singers or players to perform together. Moore (Encyc. of Music).

Tutti-frutti
Tut´ti-frut•ti, n. [It., lit., all fruits.] A confection of different kinds of preserved fruits. — a. Flavored with, or containing, various fruits.

Tutty
Tut´ty, n. [F. tutie; cf. Sp. tutia, atutia, LL. tutia; all from Per. tutiya.] (Chem.) A yellow or brown amorphous substance obtained as a sublimation product in the flues of smelting furnaces of zinc, and consisting of a crude zinc oxide.

Tut-work
Tut´-work, n. (Mining) Work done by the piece, as in nonmetaliferous rock, the amount done being usually reckoned by the fathom. Tomlinson.

Tut-workman
Tut´-work•man, n. ; pl. Tut- workmen . (Mining) One who does tut-work. Tomlinson. { Tu-whit´, Tu-whoo´ } n. & interj. Words imitative of the notes of the owl.
"Thy tu-whits are lulled, I wot, Thy tu-whoos of yesternight." Tennyson.

Tuum
Tu´um, n. [L.] Lit., thine; that which is thine; — used in meum and tuum. See 2d Meum. { Tux•e"do coat•, or Tux•e´do }, n. A kind of black coat for evening dress made without skirts; — so named after a fashionable country club at Tuxedo Park, New York. [U. S.] { Twad´dell, n. , Twad"dell’s hy•drom"e•ter }. [After one Twaddell, its inventor.] A form of hydrometer for liquids heavier than water, graduated with an arbitrary scale such that the readings when multiplied by .005 and added to unity give the specific gravity.