To (, emphatic or alone,, obscure or unemphatic), prep. [AS. to; akin to OS. & OFries. to, D. toe, G. zu, OHG. zuo, zua, zo, Russ. do, Ir. & Gael. do, OL. -do, -du, as in endo, indu, in, Gr., as in homeward. rad.200. Cf. Too, Tatoo a beat of drums.]
1. The preposition to primarily indicates approach and arrival, motion made in the direction of a place or thing and attaining it, access; and also motion or tendency without arrival; movement toward; — opposed to from. "To Canterbury they wend." Chaucer.
"Stay with us, go not to Wittenberg." Shak.
"So to the sylvan lodge
They came, that like Pomona’s arbor smiled." Milton.
"I’ll to him again, …
He’ll tell me all his purpose.
She stretched her arms to heaven." Dryden.
2. Hence, it indicates motion, course, or tendency toward a time, a state or condition, an aim, or anything capable of being regarded as a limit to a tendency, movement, or action; as he is going to a trade; he is rising to wealth and honor. Formerly, by omission of the verb denoting motion, to sometimes followed a form of be, with the sense of a. , or in. "When the sun was [gone or declined] to rest." Chaucer.
3. In a very general way, and with innumerable varieties of application, to connects transitive verbs with their remoter or indirect object, and adjectives, nouns, and neuter or passive verbs with a following noun which limits their action. Its sphere verges upon that of for, but it contains less the idea of design or appropriation; as these remarks were addressed to a large audience; let us keep this seat to ourselves; a substance sweet to the taste; an event painful to the mind; duty to God and to our parents; a dislike to spirituous liquor.
"Marks and points out each man of us to slaughter." B. Jonson.
"Whilst they, distilled
Almost to jelly with the act of fear,
Stand dumb and speak not to him." Shak.
"Add to your faith virtue; and to virtue knowledge; and to knowledge temperance; and to temperance patience; and to patience godliness; and to godliness brotherly kindness; and to brotherly kindness charity." 2 Pet. i. 5,6,7.
"I have a king’s oath to the contrary." Shak.
"Numbers were crowded to death." Clarendon.
"Fate and the dooming gods are deaf to tears." Dryden.
"Go, buckle to the law." Dryden.
4. As sign of the infinitive, to had originally the use of last defined, governing the infinitive as a verbal noun, and connecting it as indirect object with a preceding verb or adjective; thus, ready to go, i. e., ready unto going; good to eat, i. e., good for eating; I do my utmost to lead my life pleasantly. But it has come to be the almost constant prefix to the infinitive, even in situations where it has no prepositional meaning, as where the infinitive is direct object or subject; thus, I love to learn, i. e., I love learning; to die for one’s country is noble, i. e., the dying for one’s country. Where the infinitive denotes the design or purpose, good usage formerly allowed the prefixing of for to the to; as what went ye out for see? ( Matt. xi. 8).
"Then longen folk to go on pilgrimages,
And palmers for to seeken strange stranders." Chaucer. Such usage is now obsolete or illiterate. In colloquial usage, to often stands for, and supplies, an infinitive already mentioned; thus, he commands me to go with him, but I do not wish to.
5. In many phrases, and in connection with many other words, to has a pregnant meaning, or is used elliptically. Thus, it denotes or implies: (a) Extent; limit; degree of comprehension; inclusion as far as; as they met us to the number of three hundred.
"We ready are to try our fortunes To the last man." Shak.
"Few of the Esquimaux can count to ten." Quant. Rev. (b) Effect; end; consequence; as the prince was flattered to his ruin; he engaged in a war to his cost; violent factions exist to the prejudice of the state. (c) Apposition; connection; antithesis; opposition; as they engaged hand to hand.
"Now we see through a glass, darkly; but then face to face." 1 Cor. xiii. 12. (d) Accord; adaptation; as an occupation to his taste; she has a husband to her mind.
"He to God’s image, she to his was made." Dryden. (e) Comparison; as three is to nine as nine is to twenty-seven; it is ten to one that you will offend him.
"All that they did was piety to this." B. Jonson. (f) Addition; union; accumulation.
"Wisdom he has and to his wisdom, courage." Denham. (g) Accompaniment; as she sang to his guitar; they danced to the music of a piano.
"Anon they move
In perfect phalanx to the Dorian mood
Of flutes and soft recorders." Milton. (h) Character; condition of being; purpose subserved or office filled. [In this sense archaic] "I have a king here to my flatterer." Shak.
"Made his masters and others … to consider him to a little wonder." Walton. To in to-day, to-night, and to-morrow has the sense or force of for or on; for, or on, (this) day, for, or on, (this) night, for, or on, (the) morrow. To-day, to-night, to- morrow may be considered as compounds, and usually as adverbs; but they are sometimes used as nouns; as to-day is ours.
"To-morrow, and to-morrow, and to- morrow;
Creeps in this petty pace from day to day." Shak. To and again, to and fro. [R.] — To and fro, forward and back. In this phrase, to is adverbial.
"There was great showing both to and fro." Chaucer. — To-and-fro, a pacing backward and forward; as to commence a to-and-fro. Tennyson. — To the face, in front of; in behind; hence, in the presence of. — To wit, to know; namely. See Wit, v. i. To, without an object expressed, is used adverbially; as put to the door, i. e., put the door to its frame, close it; and in the nautical expressions, to heave to, to come to, meaning to a certain position. To, like on, is sometimes used as a command, forward, set to. "To, Achilles! to, Ajax! to!" Shak.
To- (?, see To, prep. ), [AS. to- asunder; akin to G. zer-, and perhaps to L. dis-, or Gr. .] An obsolete intensive prefix used in the formation of compound verbs; as in to-beat, to-break, to-hew, to- rend, to-tear. See these words in the Vocabulary. See the Note on All to, or All-to, under All, adv.
Toad, n. [OE. tode, tade, AS. tadie, tadige; of unknown origin. Cf. Tadpole.] (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of batrachians belonging to the genus Bufo and allied genera, especially those of the family Bufonidae. Toads are generally terrestrial in their habits except during the breeding season, when they seek the water. Most of the species burrow beneath the earth in the daytime and come forth to feed on insects at night. Most toads have a rough, warty skin in which are glands that secrete an acrid fluid. The common toad ( Bufo vulgaris) and the natterjack are familiar European species. The common American toad ( B. lentiginosus) is similar to the European toad, but is less warty and is more active, moving chiefly by leaping. Obstetrical toad. (Zoöl.) See under Obstetrical. — Surinam toad. (Zoöl.) See Pita. — Toad lizard (Zoöl.), a horned toad. — Toad pipe (Bot.), a hollow-stemmed plant ( Equisetum limosum) growing in muddy places. Dr. Prior. — Toad rush (Bot.), a low-growing kind of rush ( Juncus bufonius). — Toad snatcher (Zoöl.), the reed bunting. [Prov. Eng.] — Toad spittle. (Zoöl.) See Cuckoo spit, under Cuckoo. — Tree toad. (Zoöl.) See under Tree.
Toadeater
Toad´eat•er, n. [Said to be so called in allusion to an old alleged practice among mountebanks’ boys of eating toads (popularly supposed to be poisonous), in order that their masters might have an opportunity of pretending to effect a cure. The French equivalent expression is un avaleur de couleuvres. Cf. Toady.] A fawning, obsequious parasite; a mean sycophant; a flatterer; a toady. V. Knox.
"You had nearly imposed upon me, but you have lost your labor. You’re too zealous a toadeater, and betray yourself." Dickens.
Toadhead
Toad´head, n. (Zoöl.) The golden plover. [Local, U. S.]
Toadstone
Toad´stone, n.
1. (Min.) A local name for the igneous rocks of Derbyshire, England; — said by some to be derived from the German todter stein, meaning dead stone, that is, stone which contains no ores.
2. Bufonite, formerly regarded as a precious stone, and worn as a jewel. See Bufonite.
Toady
Toad´y, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Toadied p. pr. & vb. n. Toadying.] To fawn upon with mean sycophancy.
Toast, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Toasted p. pr. & vb. n. Toasting.] [OF. toster to roast, toast, fr. L. torrere, tostum, to parch, roast. See Torrid.]
1. To dry and brown by the heat of a fire; as to toast bread.
2. To warm thoroughly; as to toast the feet.
3. To name when a health is proposed to be drunk; to drink to the health, or in honor, of; as to toast a lady.
Toast, n. [OF. toste, or tostee, toasted bread. See Toast, v. ]
1. Bread dried and browned before a fire, usually in slices; also a kind of food prepared by putting slices of toasted bread into milk, gravy, etc.
"My sober evening let the tankard bless,
With toast embrowned, and fragrant nutmeg fraught." T. Warton.
2. A lady in honor of whom persons or a company are invited to drink; — so called because toasts were formerly put into the liquor, as a great delicacy.
"It now came to the time of Mr. Jones to give a toast … who could not refrain from mentioning his dear Sophia." Fielding.
3. Hence, any person, especially a person of distinction, in honor of whom a health is drunk; hence, also anything so commemorated; a sentiment, as "The land we live in," "The day we celebrate," etc. Toast rack, a small rack or stand for a table, having partitions for holding slices of dry toast.
Toaster
Toast´er, n.
1. One who toasts.
2. A kitchen utensil for toasting bread, cheese, etc.
Toasting
Toast´ing, a. & n. from Toast, v. Toasting fork, a long-handled fork for toasting bread, cheese, or the like, by the fire.
Tobacco
To•bac´co, n. [Sp. tabaco, fr. the Indian tabaco the tube or pipe in which the Indians or Caribbees smoked this plant. Some derive the word from Tabaco, a province of Yucatan, where it was said to be first found by the Spaniards; others from the island of Tobago, one of the Caribbees. But these derivations are very doubtful.]
1. (Bot.) An American plant ( Nicotiana Tabacum) of the Nightshade family, much used for smoking and chewing, and as snuff. As a medicine, it is narcotic, emetic, and cathartic. Tobacco has a strong, peculiar smell, and an acrid taste. The name is extended to other species of the genus, and to some unrelated plants, as Indian tobacco ( Nicotiana rustica, and also Lobelia inflata), mountain tobacco ( Arnica montana), and Shiraz tobacco ( Nicotiana Persica).
2. The leaves of the plant prepared for smoking, chewing, etc., by being dried, cured, and manufactured in various ways. Tobacco box (Zoöl.), the common American skate. — Tobacco camphor. (Chem.) See Nicotianine. — Tobacco man, a tobacconist. [R.] — Tobacco pipe. (a) A pipe used for smoking, made of baked clay, wood, or other material. (b) (Bot.) Same as Indian pipe, under Indian. — Tobacco-pipe clay (Min.), a species of clay used in making tobacco pipes; — called also cimolite. — Tobacco-pipe fish. (Zoöl.) See Pipemouth. — Tobacco stopper, a small plug for pressing down the tobacco in a pipe as it is smoked. — Tobacco worm (Zoöl.), the larva of a large hawk moth ( Sphinx, or Phlegethontius, Carolina). It is dark green, with seven oblique white stripes bordered above with dark brown on each side of the body. It feeds upon the leaves of tobacco and tomato plants, and is often very injurious to the tobacco crop. See Illust. of Hawk moth.
To-beat
To-beat´, v. t. [Pref. to- + beat.] To beat thoroughly or severely. [Obs.] Layamon.
Tobias fish
To•bi"as fish [See the Note under Asmodeus, in the Dictionary of Noted Names in Fiction.] (Zoöl.) The lant, or sand eel.
Tobie
To´bie, n. [Cf. Toby.] A kind of inferior cigar of a long slender shape, tapered at one end. [Local, U. S.]
Tobine
To´bine, n. [Cf. G. tobin, D. tabijn. See Tabby.] A stout twilled silk used for dresses.
Toboggan
To•bog´gan, v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Tobogganed p. pr. & vb. n. Tobogganing.] To slide down hill over the snow or ice on a toboggan. Barilett. { To•bog´gan•er, To•bog´gan•ist } n. One who practices tobogganing.
To-brest
To-brest´, v. t. [Pref. to- + brest.] To burst or break in pieces. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Toccata
Toc•ca´ta, n. [It., fr. toccare to touch. See Touch.] (Mus.) An old form of piece for the organ or harpsichord, somewhat in the free and brilliant style of the prelude, fantasia, or capriccio.
Tocher
Toch´er, n. [Gael. tochradh.] Dowry brought by a bride to her husband. [Scot.] Burns.
Toco
To´co, n. (Zoöl.) A toucan ( Ramphastos toco) having a very large beak. See Illust. under Toucan.
Tocsin
Toc´sin, n. [F., fr. OF. toquier to touch, F. toquer (originally, a dialectic form of F. toucher) + seint (for sein) a bell, LL. signum, fr. L. signum a sign, signal. See Touch, and Sign.] An alarm bell, or the ringing of a bell for the purpose of alarm.
"The loud tocsin tolled their last alarm." Campbell.
To-day
To-day´, adv. [AS. to daeg. See To, prep. , and Day.] On this day; on the present day.
"Worcester’s horse came but to-day." Shak.
To-day
To-day´, n. The present day.
"On to-day
Is worth for me a thousand yesterdays." Longfellow.
Toddle
Tod´dle, v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Toddled p. pr. & vb. n. Toddling ] [Akin to tottle, totter.] To walk with short, tottering steps, as a child.
Toddler
Tod´dler, n. One who toddles; especially, a young child. Mrs. Gaskell.
To-do
To-do´, n. [ To + do. Cf. Ado.] Bustle; stir; commotion; ado. [Colloq.]
Toe, n. [OE. too, taa, AS. ta; akin to D. teen, G. zehe, OHG. zeha, Icel. ta, Sw. tå, Dan. taa; of uncertain origin. rad.60.]
1. (Anat.) One of the terminal members, or digits, of the foot of a man or an animal. "Each one, tripping on his toe." Shak.
2. (Zoöl.) The fore part of the hoof or foot of an animal.
3. Anything, or any part, corresponding to the toe of the foot; as the toe of a boot; the toe of a skate.
4. (Mach.) (a) The journal, or pivot, at the lower end of a revolving shaft or spindle, which rests in a step. (b) A lateral projection at one end, or between the ends, of a piece, as a rod or bolt, by means of which it is moved. (c) A projection from the periphery of a revolving piece, acting as a cam to lift another piece. Toe biter (Zoöl.), a tadpole; a polliwig. — Toe drop (Med.), a morbid condition of the foot in which the toe is depressed and the heel elevated, as in talipes equinus. See Talipes.
Toe, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Toed p. pr. & vb. n. Toeing.] To touch or reach with the toes; to come fully up to; as to toe the mark.
Toe drop. (Med.) A morbid condition of the foot in which the toe is depressed and the heel elevated.
Toe hold. (Wrestling) A hold in which the agressor bends back his opponent’s foot.
To-fall
To-fall´, n. (Arch.) A lean- to. See Lean-to. { Tof´fee, Tof´fy }, n. Taffy. [Eng.] { To•fore´, To•forn´ }, prep. & adv. [AS. toforan. See To, prep. , Fore.] Before. [Obs.]
"Toforn him goeth the loud minstrelsy." Chaucer.
"Would thou wert as thou tofore hast been!" Shak.
Toff, n. [Etym. uncertain.] A fop; a beau; a swell. [Slang, Eng.] Kipling.
Toftman
Toft´man, n. ; pl. Toftmen . The owner of a toft. See Toft, 3.
Tofus
To´fus, n. [L., tufa.]
1. Tophus.
2. (Min.) Tufa. See under Tufa, and Toph.
Toga
To´ga, n. ; pl. E. Togas (#), L. Togae (#). [L., akin to tegere to cover. See Thatch.] (Rom. Antiq.) The loose outer garment worn by the ancient Romans, consisting of a single broad piece of woolen cloth of a shape approaching a semicircle. It was of undyed wool, except the border of the toga praetexta. Toga praetexta. [L.], a toga with a broad purple border, worn by children of both sexes, by magistrates, and by persons engaged in sacred rites. — Toga virilis [L.], the manly gown; the common toga. This was assumed by Roman boys about the time of completing their fourteenth year.
Together
To•geth´er, adv. [OE. togedere, togidere, AS. togaedere, togaedre, togadere; to to + gador together. rad.29. See To, prep. , and Gather.]
1. In company or association with respect to place or time; as to live together in one house; to live together in the same age; they walked together to the town.
"Soldiers can never stand idle long together." Landor.
2. In or into union; into junction; as to sew, knit, or fasten two things together; to mix things together.
"The king joined humanity and policy together." Bacon.
3. In concert; with mutual coöperation; as the allies made war upon France together. Together with, in union with; in company or mixture with; along with.
"Take the bad together with the good." Dryden.
Toggery
Tog´ger•y, n. [Cf. Togated.] Clothes; garments; dress; as fishing toggery. [Colloq.]
Toggle
Tog´gle, n. [Cf. Tug.] [Written also toggel.]
1. (Naut.) A wooden pin tapering toward both ends with a groove around its middle, fixed transversely in the eye of a rope to be secured to any other loop or bight or ring; a kind of button or frog capable of being readily engaged and disengaged for temporary purposes.
2. (Mach.) Two rods or plates connected by a toggle joint. Toggle iron, a harpoon with a pivoted crosspiece in a mortise near the point to prevent it from being drawn out when a whale, shark, or other animal, is harpooned. — Toggle joint, an elbow or knee joint, consisting of two bars so connected that they may be brought quite or nearly into a straight line, and made to produce great endwise pressure, when any force is applied to bring them into this position.
Toght, a. Taut. [Obs.] Chaucer. { To•gid´er, To•gid´res }, adv. Together. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Togs, n. pl. [See Toggery.] Clothes; garments; toggery. [Colloq. or Slang]
Togue, n. [From the American Indian name.] (Zoöl.) The namaycush.
Tohew
To•hew´, v. t. [Pref. to- + hew.] To hew in pieces. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Toil, n. [F. toiles, pl., toils, nets, fr. toile cloth, canvas spider web, fr. L. tela any woven stuff, a web, fr. texere to weave. See Text, and cf. Toilet.] A net or snare; any thread, web, or string spread for taking prey; — usually in the plural.
"As a Numidian lion, when first caught,
Endures the toil that holds him." Denham.
"Then toils for beasts, and lime for birds, were found." Dryden.
Toil, v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Toiled p. pr. & vb. n. Toiling.] [OE. toilen to pull about, to toil; of uncertain origin; cf. OD. teulen, tuylen, to labor, till, or OF. tooillier, toailler, to wash, rub (cf. Towel); or perhaps ultimately from the same root as E. tug.] To exert strength with pain and fatigue of body or mind, especially of the body, with efforts of some continuance or duration; to labor; to work.
Toil, n. [OE. toil turmoil, struggle; cf. OD. tuyl labor, work. See Toil, v. ] Labor with pain and fatigue; labor that oppresses the body or mind, esp. the body.
"My task of servile toil." Milton.
"After such bloody toil, we bid good night." Shak. Toil is used in the formation of compounds which are generally of obvious signification; as toil-strung, toil- wasted, toil-worn, and the like.
Syn. — Labor; drudgery; work; exertion; occupation; employment; task; travail. — Toil, Labor, Drudgery. Labor implies strenuous exertion, but not necessary such as overtasks the faculties; toil denotes a severity of labor which is painful and exhausting; drudgery implies mean and degrading work, or, at least, work which wearies or disgusts from its minuteness or dull uniformity.
"You do not know the heavy grievances,
The toils, the labors, weary drudgeries,
Which they impose." Southern.
"How often have I blessed the coming day,
When toil remitting lent its turn to play." Goldsmith.
Toilet
Toi´let, n. [F. toilette, dim. of toile cloth. See Toil a net.]
1. A covering of linen, silk, or tapestry, spread over a table in a chamber or a dressing room.
2. A dressing table. Pope.
3. Act or mode of dressing, or that which is arranged in dressing; attire; dress; as her toilet is perfect. [Written also toilette.] Toilet glass, a looking-glass for a toilet table or for a dressing room. — Toilet service, Toilet set, earthenware, glass, and other utensils for a dressing room. — Toilet table, a dressing table; a toilet. See def. 2 above. — To snake one’s toilet, to dress one’s self; especially, to dress one’s self carefully.
Toilful
Toil´ful, a. Producing or involving much toil; laborious; toilsome; as toilful care. Mickle.
Toilinette
Toi•li•nette´, n. [F. toilinet. See Toil a net.] A cloth, the weft of which is of woolen yarn, and the warp of cotton and silk, — used for waistcoats.
Toise, n. [F., fr. LL. tesa, fr. L. tensus, fem. tensa, p. p. of tendere to stretch, extend. See Tense, a. ] An old measure of length in France, containing six French feet, or about 6.3946 French feet.
Token
To´ken (to"k’n), n. [OE. token, taken, AS. tacen; akin to OFries. teken, OS. tekan, D. teeken, G. zeichen, OHG. Zeihhan, Icel. takan, teiken, Sw. tecken, Dan. tegn, Goth. taikns sign, token, ga teihan to tell, show, AS. teón to accuse, G. zeihen, OHG. zihan, G. zeigen to show, OHG. zeigon, Icel. tja, L. dicere to say, Gr. deikny•nai to show, Skr. diç. Cf. Diction, Teach.]
1. Something intended or supposed to represent or indicate another thing or an event; a sign; a symbol; as the rainbow is a token of God’s covenant established with Noah.
2. A memorial of friendship; something by which the friendship of another person is to be kept in mind; a memento; a souvenir.
"This is some token from a never friend." Shak.
3. Something given or shown as a symbol or guarantee of authority or right; a sign of authenticity, of power, good faith, etc.
"Say, by this token, I desire his company." Shak.
4. A piece of metal intended for currency, and issued by a private party, usually bearing the name of the issuer, and redeemable in lawful money. also a coin issued by government, esp. when its use as lawful money is limited and its intrinsic value is much below its nominal value. It is now made unlawful for private persons to issue tokens.
5. (Med.) A livid spot upon the body, indicating, or supposed to indicate, the approach of death. [Obs.]
"Like the fearful tokens of the plague,
Are mere forerunners of their ends." Beau. & Fl.
6. (Print.) Ten and a half quires, or, commonly, 250 sheets, of paper printed on both sides; also in some cases, the same number of sheets printed on one side, or half the number printed on both sides.
7. (Ch. of Scot.) A piece of metal given beforehand to each person in the congregation who is permitted to partake of the Lord’s Supper.
8. (Mining) A bit of leather having a peculiar mark designating a particular miner. Each hewer sends one of these with each corf or tub he has hewn. Token money, money which is lawfully current for more than its real value. See Token, n. , 4. - - Token sheet (Print.), the last sheet of each token. W. Savage.
Token
To´ken, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Tokened p. pr. & vb. n. Tokening.] [AS. tacnian, fr. tacen token. See Token, n. ] To betoken. [Obs.] Shak.
Tokened
To´kened, a. Marked by tokens, or spots; as the tokened pestilence. [Obs.] Shak.
Tolane
To•lane´, n. [From Toluene.] (Chem.) A hydrocarbon, C14H10, related both to the acetylene and the aromatic series, and produced artificially as a white crystalline substance; — called also diphenyl acetylene.
Tole (tol), v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Toled p. pr. & vb. n. Toling.] [OE. tollen to draw, to entice; of uncertain origin. Cf. Toll to ring a bell.] To draw, or cause to follow, by displaying something pleasing or desirable; to allure by some bait. [Written also toll.]
"Whatever you observe him to be more frighted at then he should, tole him on to by insensible degrees, till at last he masters the difficulty."
Tolerability
Tol•er•a•bil´i•ty, n. The quality or state of being tolerable. [R.] Fuller. Wordsworth.
Tolerable
Tol´er•a•ble, a. [L. tolerabilis: cf. F. tolerable. See Tolerate.]
1. Capable of being borne or endured; supportable, either physically or mentally.
"As may affect the earth with cold and heat
Scarce tolerable." Milton.
2. Moderately good or agreeable; not contemptible; not very excellent or pleasing, but such as can be borne or received without disgust, resentment, or opposition; passable; as a tolerable administration; a tolerable entertainment; a tolerable translation. Dryden. — Tol´er•a•ble•ness, n. — Tol´er•a•bly, adv.
Tolerance
Tol´er•ance, n. [L. tolerantia: cf. F. tolerance.]
1. The power or capacity of enduring; the act of enduring; endurance.
"Diogenes, one frosty morning, came into the market place, shaking, to show his tolerance." Bacon.
2. The endurance of the presence or actions of objectionable persons, or of the expression of offensive opinions; toleration.
3. (Med.) The power possessed or acquired by some persons of bearing doses of medicine which in ordinary cases would prove injurious or fatal. Tolerance of the mint. (Coinage) Same as Remedy of the mint. See under Remedy.
Tolerant
Tol´er•ant, a. [L. tolerans, p. pr. of tolerare to tolerate: cf. F. tolerant. See Tolerate.] Inclined to tolerate; favoring toleration; forbearing; indulgent.
Tolerate
Tol´er•ate, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Tolerated p. pr. & vb. n. Tolerating.] [L. toleratus, p. p. of tolerare, fr. the same root as tollere to lift up, tuli, used as perfect of ferre to bear, latus (for tlatus), used as p. p. of ferre to bear, and E. thole. See Thole, and cf. Atlas, Collation, Delay, Elate, Extol, Legislate, Oblate, Prelate, Relate, Superlative, Talent, Toll to take away, Translate.] To suffer to be, or to be done, without prohibition or hindrance; to allow or permit negatively, by not preventing; not to restrain; to put up with; as to tolerate doubtful practices.
"Crying should not be tolerated in children." Locke.
"We tolerate them because property and liberty, to a degree, require that toleration." Burke.
Syn. — See Permit.
Toll, v. t. [L. tollere. See Tolerate.] (O. Eng. Law) To take away; to vacate; to annul.
Toll, v. t. [See Tole.]
1. To draw; to entice; to allure. See Tole.
2. [Probably the same word as toll to draw, and at first meaning, to ring in order to draw people to church.] To cause to sound, as a bell, with strokes slowly and uniformly repeated; as to toll the funeral bell. "The sexton tolled the bell." Hood.
3. To strike, or to indicate by striking, as the hour; to ring a toll for; as to toll a departed friend. Shak.
"Slow tolls the village clock the drowsy hour." Beattie.
4. To call, summon, or notify, by tolling or ringing.
"When hollow murmurs of their evening bells
Dismiss the sleepy swains, and toll them to their cells." Dryden.
Toll, v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Tolled p. pr. & vb. n. Tolling.] To sound or ring, as a bell, with strokes uniformly repeated at intervals, as at funerals, or in calling assemblies, or to announce the death of a person.
"The country cocks do crow, the clocks do toll." Shak.
"Now sink in sorrows with a tolling bell." Pope.
Toll, n. The sound of a bell produced by strokes slowly and uniformly repeated.
Toll, n. [OE. tol, AS. toll; akin to OS. & D. tol, G. zoll, OHG. zol, Icel. tollr, Sw. tull, Dan. told, and also to E. tale; — originally, that which is counted out in payment. See Tale number.]
1. A tax paid for some liberty or privilege, particularly for the privilege of passing over a bridge or on a highway, or for that of vending goods in a fair, market, or the like.
2. (Sax. & O. Eng. Law) A liberty to buy and sell within the bounds of a manor.
3. A portion of grain taken by a miller as a compensation for grinding. Toll and team (O. Eng. Law), the privilege of having a market, and jurisdiction of villeins. Burrill. — Toll bar, a bar or beam used on a canal for stopping boats at the tollhouse, or on a road for stopping passengers. — Toll bridge, a bridge where toll is paid for passing over it. — Toll corn, corn taken as pay for grinding at a mill. — Toll dish, a dish for measuring toll in mills. — Toll gatherer, a man who takes, or gathers, toll. — Toll hop, a toll dish. [Obs.] Crabb. — Toll thorough (Eng. Law), toll taken by a town for beasts driven through it, or over a bridge or ferry maintained at its cost. Brande & C. — Toll traverse (Eng. Law), toll taken by an individual for beasts driven across his ground; toll paid by a person for passing over the private ground, bridge, ferry, or the like, of another. — Toll turn (Eng. Law), a toll paid at the return of beasts from market, though they were not sold. Burrill.
Syn. — Tax; custom; duty; impost.
Tollable
Toll´a•ble, a. Subject to the payment of toll; as tollable goods. Wright.
Tollage
Toll´age, n. Payment of toll; also the amount or quantity paid as toll. Drayton.
Toller
Toll´er, n. [AS. tollere.] A toll gatherer. "Tollers in markets." Piers Plowman.
Tollhouse
Toll´house, n. ; pl. Tollhouses . A house occupied by a receiver of tolls.
Tollman
Toll´man, n. ; pl. Tollmen . One who receives or collects toll; a toll gatherer. Cowper.
Tolsester
Tol´ses•ter, n. [LL. tolsestrum. Cf. Toll a tax.] (O. Eng. Law) A toll or tribute of a sextary of ale, paid to the lords of some manors by their tenants, for liberty to brew and sell ale. Cowell.
Tolsey
Tol´sey, n. A tollbooth; also a merchants’ meeting place, or exchange. [Obs.] Halliwell.
Toltec
Tol´tec, n. (Ethnol.) One of a race which formerly occupied Mexico. — Tol´te•can (#), a.
Tolu
To•lu´, n. A fragrant balsam said to have been first brought from Santiago de Tolu, in New Granada. See Balsam of Tolu, under Balsam. Tolu tree (Bot.), a large tree ( Myroxylon toluiferum), the wood of which is red in the center, and has an aromatic rose odor. It affords the balsam called tolu.
Toluate
Tol´u•ate, n. (Chem.) A salt of any one of the toluic acids.
Toluenyl
Tol•u•e´nyl, n. [ Toluene + - yl.] (Chem.) Tolyl. [Obs.]
Toluidine
To•lu´i•dine, n. (Chem.) Any one of three metameric amido derivatives of toluene analogous to aniline, and called respectively orthtoluidine, metatoluidine, and paratoluidine; especially, the commonest one, or paratoluidine, which is obtained as a white crystalline substance. It is used in the aniline dye industry, and constitutes the essential nucleus or radical of those dyes. { Tol´u•ol, Tol´u•ole}, n. [ Tolu + benz ol.] (Chem.) Same as Toluene.
Toluylene
Tol´u•yl•ene, n. (Chem.) (a) Same as Stilbene. (b) Sometimes, but less properly, tolylene.
Tomahawk
Tom´a•hawk, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Tomahawked p. pr. & vb. n. Tomahawking.] To cut, strike, or kill, with a tomahawk.
Tomato
To•ma´to, n. ; pl. Tomatoes (#). [Sp. or Pg. tomate, of American Indian origin; cf. Mexican tomail.] (Bot.) The fruit of a plant of the Nightshade family ( Lycopersicum esculentun); also the plant itself. The fruit, which is called also love apple, is usually of a rounded, flattened form, but often irregular in shape. It is of a bright red or yellow color, and is eaten either cooked or uncooked. Tomato gall (Zoöl.), a large gall consisting of a mass of irregular swellings on the stems and leaves of grapevines. They are yellowish green, somewhat tinged with red, and produced by the larva of a small two-winged fly ( Lasioptera vitis). — Tomato sphinx (Zoöl.), the adult or imago of the tomato worm. It closely resembles the tobacco hawk moth. Called also tomato hawk moth. See Illust. of Hawk moth. — Tomato worm (Zoöl.), the larva of a large hawk moth ( Sphinx, or Macrosila, quinquemaculata) which feeds upon the leaves of the tomato and potato plants, often doing considerable damage. Called also potato worm.
Tomb, n. [OE. tombe, toumbe, F. tombe, LL. tumba, fr. Gr. a tomb, grave; perhaps akin to L. tumulus a mound. Cf. Tumulus.]
1. A pit in which the dead body of a human being is deposited; a grave; a sepulcher.
"As one dead in the bottom of a tomb." Shak.
2. A house or vault, formed wholly or partly in the earth, with walls and a roof, for the reception of the dead. "In tomb of marble stones." Chaucer.
3. A monument erected to inclose the body and preserve the name and memory of the dead.
"Hang her an epitaph upon her tomb." Shak. Tomb bat (Zoöl.), any one of species of Old World bats of the genus Taphozous which inhabit tombs, especially the Egyptian species ( T. perforatus).
Tomb,, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Tombed p. pr. & vb. n. Tombing.] To place in a tomb; to bury; to inter; to entomb.
"I tombed my brother that I might be blessed." Chapman.
Tombester
Tom´bes•ter, n. [See Tumble, and -ster.] A female dancer. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Tombstone
Tomb´stone, n. A stone erected over a grave, to preserve the memory of the deceased.
Tomcat
Tom´cat, n. [ Tom (see Tomboy) + cat.] A male cat, especially when full grown or of large size.
Tomcod
Tom´cod, n. [ Tom (see Tomboy) + cod: cf. F. tacaud whiting pout, American Indian tacaud, literally, plenty fish.] (Zoöl.) (a) A small edible American fish ( Microgadus tomcod) of the Codfish family, very abundant in autumn on the Atlantic coast of the Northen United States; — called also frostfish. See Illust. under Frostfish. (b) The kingfish. See Kingfish (a). (c) The jack. See 2d Jack, 8. (c).
Tome, n. [F. tome (cf. It., Sp., & Pg. tomo), L. tomus, fr. Gr. a piece cut off, a part of a book, a volume, akin to to cup, and perhaps to L. tondere to shear, E. tonsure. Cf. Anatomy, Atom, Entomology, Epitome. ] As many writings as are bound in a volume, forming part of a larger work; a book; — usually applied to a ponderous volume.
"Tomes of fable and of dream." Cowper.
"A more childish expedient than that to which he now resorted is not to be found in all the tomes of the casuists." Macaulay.
Tomentum
To•men´tum, n. ; pl. Tomenta (#). [L. See Tomentose. ] (Bot.) The closely matted hair or downy nap covering the leaves or stems of some plants.
Tomfool
Tom´fool (tom"fool•), n. [ Tom (see Tomboy) + fool.] A great fool; a trifler.
Tomnoddy
Tom´nod•dy, n. [ Tom (see Tomboy) + noddy.]
1. (Zoöl.) A sea bird, the puffin. [Prov.Eng.]
2. A fool; a dunce; a noddy.
Tomorn
To•morn´, adv. [Prep. to + morn.] To-morrow. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Tompion
Tom´pi•on, n. [See Tampios]
1. A stopper of a cannon or a musket. See Tampion.
2. (Mus.) A plug in a flute or an organ pipe, to modulate the tone. Knight.
3. The iron bottom to which grapeshot are fixed.
Tompon
Tom´pon, n. [F. tampon. See Tampion.] An inking pad used in lithographic printing.
Tomrig
Tom´rig, n. [ Tom (see Tomboy) + rig.)] A rude, wild, wanton girl; a hoiden; a tomboy. Dennis.
Tomtit
Tom´tit, n. [ Tom (see Tomboy) + tit the bird.] (Zoöl.) (a) A titmouse, esp. the blue titmouse. [Prov.eng.] (b) The wren. [Prov.eng.]
Ton (ton), obs. pl. of Toe. Chaucer.
Ton (tun), n. [Cf. Tunny.] (Zoöl.) The common tunny, or horse mackerel.
Ton (tôn), n. [F. See Tone.] The prevailing fashion or mode; vogue; as things of ton. Byron.
"If our people of ton are selfish, at any rate they show they are selfish." Thackeray. Bon ton. See in the Vocabulary.
Ton (tun), n. [OE. tonne, tunne, a tun, AS. tunne a tun, tub, a large vessel; akin to G. & F. tonne a ton, tun, LL. tunna a tun; all perhaps of Celtic origin; cf. Ir. & Gael. tunna a tun. Cf. Tun,Tunnel.] (Com.) A measure of weight or quantity. Specifically: — (a) The weight of twenty hundredweight. In England, the ton is 2,240 pounds. In the United States the ton is commonly estimated at 2,000 pounds, this being sometimes called the short ton, while that of 2,240 pounds is called the long ton. (b) (Naut. & Com.) Forty cubic feet of space, being the unit of measurement of the burden, or carrying capacity, of a vessel; as a vessel of 300 tons burden. See the Note under Tonnage. (c) (Naut. & Com.) A certain weight or quantity of merchandise, with reference to transportation as freight; as six hundred weight of ship bread in casks, seven hundred weight in bags, eight hundred weight in bulk; ten bushels of potatoes; eight sacks, or ten barrels, of flour; forty cubic feet of rough, or fifty cubic feet of hewn, timber, etc. Ton and tun have the same etymology, and were formerly used interchangeably; but now ton generally designates the weight, and tun the cask. See Tun.
Tone (ton), n. [F. ton, L. tonus a sound, tone, fr. Gr. to•nos a stretching, straining, raising of the voice, pitch, accent, measure or meter, in pl., modes or keys differing in pitch; akin to tei•nein to stretch or strain. See Thin, and cf. Monotonous, Thunder, Ton fashion, Tune.]
1. Sound, or the character of a sound, or a sound considered as of this or that character; as a low, high, loud, grave, acute, sweet, or harsh tone.
"[Harmony divine] smooths her charming tones." Milton.
"Tones that with seraph hymns might blend." Keble.
2. (Rhet.) Accent, or inflection or modulation of the voice, as adapted to express emotion or passion.
"Eager his tone, and ardent were his eyes." Dryden.
3. A whining style of speaking; a kind of mournful or artificial strain of voice; an affected speaking with a measured rhythm ahd a regular rise and fall of the voice; as children often read with a tone.
4. (Mus.) (a) A sound considered as to pitch; as the seven tones of the octave; she has good high tones. (b) The larger kind of interval between contiguous sounds in the diatonic scale, the smaller being called a semitone as a whole tone too flat; raise it a tone. (c) The peculiar quality of sound in any voice or instrument; as a rich tone, a reedy tone. (d) A mode or tune or plain chant; as the Gregorian tones. The use of the word tone, both for a sound and for the interval between two sounds or tones, is confusing, but is common — almost universal. Nearly every musical sound is composite, consisting of several simultaneous tones having different rates of vibration according to fixed laws, which depend upon the nature of the vibrating body and the mode of excitation. The components (of a composite sound) are called partial tones; that one having the lowest rate of vibration is the fundamental tone, and the other partial tones are called harmonics, or overtones. The vibration ratios of the partial tones composing any sound are expressed by all, or by a part, of the numbers in the series 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, etc.; and the quality of any sound (the tone color) is due in part to the presence or absence of overtones as represented in this series, and in part to the greater or less intensity of those present as compared with the fundamental tone and with one another. Resultant tones, combination tones, summation tones, difference tones, Tartini’s tones (terms only in part synonymous) are produced by the simultaneous sounding of two or more primary (simple or composite) tones.
5. (Med.) That state of a body, or of any of its organs or parts, in which the animal functions are healthy and performed with due vigor. In this sense, the word is metaphorically applied to character or faculties, intellectual and moral; as his mind has lost its tone.
6. (Physiol.) Tonicity; as arterial tone.
7. State of mind; temper; mood.
"The strange situation I am in and the melancholy state of public affairs, … drag the mind down … from a philosophical tone or temper, to the drudgery of private and public business." Bolingbroke.
"Their tone was dissatisfied, almost menacing." W. C. Bryant.
8. Tenor; character; spirit; drift; as the tone of his remarks was commendatory.
9. General or prevailing character or style, as of morals, manners, or sentiment, in reference to a scale of high and low; as a low tone of morals; a tone of elevated sentiment; a courtly tone of manners.
10. The general effect of a picture produced by the combination of light and shade, together with color in the case of a painting; — commonly used in a favorable sense; as this picture has tone. Tone color. (Mus.) see the Note under def. 4, above. — Tone syllable, an accented syllable. M. Stuart.
Tone, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Toned p. pr. & vb. n. Toning.]
1. To utter with an affected tone.
2. To give tone, or a particular tone, to; to tune. See Tune, v. t.
3. (Photog.) To bring, as a print, to a certain required shade of color, as by chemical treatment. To tone down. (a) To cause to give lower tone or sound; to give a lower tone to. (b) (Paint.) To modify, as color, by making it less brilliant or less crude; to modify, as a composition of color, by making it more harmonius.
"Its thousand hues toned down harmoniusly." C. Kingsley. (c) Fig.: To moderate or relax; to diminish or weaken the striking characteristics of; to soften.
"The best method for the purpose in hand was to employ some one of a character and position suited to get possession of their confidence, and then use it to tone down their religious strictures." Palfrey. — To tone up, to cause to give a higher tone or sound; to give a higher tone to; to make more intense; to heighten; to strengthen.
Toneless
Tone´less, a. Having no tone; unmusical. { Tong, Tonge}, n. Tongue. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Tongkang
Tong´kang, n. (Naut.) A kind of boat or junk used in the seas of the Malay Archipelago.
Tongo
Ton´go, n. The mangrove; — so called in the Pacific Islands.
Tongs, n. pl. [OE. tonge, tange, AS. tange; akin to D. tang, G. zanga, OHG. zanga, Don. tang, Sw. tång, Icel. töng, Gr. da•knein to bite, Skr. dañiç, daç. rad.59. Cf. Tang a strong taste, anything projecting.] An instrument, usually of metal, consisting of two parts, or long shafts, jointed together at or near one end, or united by an elastic bow, used for handling things, especially hot coals or metals; — often called a pair of tongs.
Tongue, n. [OE. tunge, tonge, AS. tunge; akin to OFries. tunge, D. tong, OS. tunga, G. zunge, OHG. zunga, Icel. & Sw. tunga, Dan tunge, Goth. tuggo, OL. dingua, L. lingua. rad.243 Cf.Language, Lingo. ]
1. (Anat.) an organ situated in the floor of the mouth of most vertebrates and connected with the hyoid arch. The tongue is usually muscular, mobile, and free at one extremity, and in man other mammals is the principal organ of taste, aids in the prehension of food, in swallowing, and in modifying the voice as in speech.
"To make his English sweet upon his tongue." Chaucer.
2. The power of articulate utterance; speech.
"Parrots imitating human tongue." Dryden.
3. Discourse; fluency of speech or expression.
"Much tongue and much judgment seldom go together." L. Estrange.
4. Honorable discourse; eulogy. [Obs.]
"She was born noble; let that title find her a private grave, but neither tongue nor honor." Beau. & Fl.
5. A language; the whole sum of words used by a particular nation; as the English tongue. Chaucer.
"Whose tongue thou shalt not understand." Deut. xxviii. 49.
"To speak all tongues." Milton.
6. Speech; words or declarations only; — opposed to thoughts or actions.
"My little children, let us love in word, neither in tongue, but in deed and in truth." 1 John iii. 18.
7. A people having a distinct language.
"A will gather all nations and tongues." Isa. lxvi. 18.
8. (Zoöl.) (a) The lingual ribbon, or odontophore, of a mollusk. (b) The proboscis of a moth or a butterfly. (c) The lingua of an insect.
9. (Zoöl.) Any small sole.
10. That which is considered as resembing an animal’s tongue, in position or form. Specifically: — (a) A projection, or slender appendage or fixture; as the tongue of a buckle, or of a balance. (b) A projection on the side, as of a board, which fits into a groove. (c) A point, or long, narrow strip of land, projecting from the mainland into a sea or a lake. (d) The pole of a vehicle; especially, the pole of an ox cart, to the end of which the oxen are yoked. (e) The clapper of a bell. (f) (Naut.) A short piece of rope spliced into the upper part of standing backstays, etc.; also. the upper main piece of a mast composed of several pieces. (g) (Mus.) Same as Reed, n. , 5. To hold the tongue, to be silent. — Tongue bone (Anat.), the hyoid bone. — Tongue grafting. See under Grafting.
Syn. — Language; speech; expression. See Language.
Tongue, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Tongued p. pr. & vb. n. Tonguing.]
1. To speak; to utter. "Such stuff as madmen tongue." Shak.
2. To chide; to scold.
"How might she tongue me." Shak.
3. (Mus.) To modulate or modify with the tongue, as notes, in playing the flute and some other wind instruments.
4. To join means of a tongue and grove; as to tongue boards together.
Tongued, a. Having a tongue.
"Tongued like the night crow." Donne.
Tongueworm
Tongue´worm, n. (Zoöl.) Any species of Linguatulina.
Tonic
Ton´ic, a. [Cf. F. tonigue, Gr. . See Tone.]
1. Of or relating to tones or sounds; specifically (Phon.), applied to, or distingshing, a speech sound made with tone unmixed and undimmed by obstruction, such sounds, namely, the vowels and diphthongs, being so called by Dr. James Rush (1833) " from their forming the purest and most plastic material of intonation."
2. Of or pertaining to tension; increasing tension; hence, increasing strength; as tonic power.
3. (Med.) Increasing strength, or the tone of the animal system; obviating the effects of debility, and restoring healthy functions. Tonic spasm. (Med.) See the Note under Spasm.
Tonic
Ton´ic, n. [Cf. F. tonique, NL. tonicum.]
1. (Phon.) A tonic element or letter; a vowel or a diphthong.
2. (Mus.) The key tone, or first tone of any scale.
3. (Med.) A medicine that increases the strength, and gives vigor of action to the system. Tonic sol-fa (Mus.), the name of the most popular among letter systems of notation (at least in England), based on key relationship, and hence called "tonic." Instead of the five lines, clefs, signature, etc., of the usual notation, it employs letters and the syllables do, re, mi, etc., variously modified, with other simple signs of duration, of upper or lower octave, etc. See Sol- fa.
Tonic
Ton´ic, a. (Med.) Characterized by continuous muscular contraction; as tonic convulsions.
Tonight
To•night´, n. The present or the coming night; the night after the present day.
Tonite
Ton´ite, n. [Cf.L. tonare to thunder.] An explosive compound; a preparation of gun cotton.
Tonnage
Ton´nage ( 48), n. [From Ton a measure.]
1. The weight of goods carried in a boat or a ship.
2. The cubical content or burden of a vessel, or vessels, in tons; or, the amount of weight which one or several vessels may carry. See Ton, n. (b).
"A fleet … with an aggregate tonnage of 60,000 seemed sufficient to conquer the world." Motley.
3. A duty or impost on vessels, estimated per ton, or, a duty, toll, or rate payable on goods per ton transported on canals.
4. The whole amount of shipping estimated by tons; as the tonnage of the United States. See Ton. There are in common use the following terms relating to tonnage: ( a) Displacement. ( b) Register tonnage, gross and net. ( c) Freight tonnage. ( d) Builders’ measurement. ( e) Yacht measurement. The first is mainly used for war vessels, where the total weight is likely to be nearly constant. The second is the most important, being that used for commercial purposes. The third and fourth are different rules for ascertaining the actual burden-carrying power of a vessel, and the fifth is for the proper classification of pleasure craft. Gross tonnage expresses the total cubical interior of a vessel; net tonnage, the cubical space actually available for freight- carrying purposes. Rules for ascertaining these measurements are established by law.
Tonneau
Ton•neau´, n. ; pl. Tonneaux (#). [F.]
1. In France, a light-wheeled vehicle with square or rounded body and rear entrance.
2. (Automobiles) Orig., the after part of the body with entrance at the rear (as in vehicle in def. 1); now, one with sides closing in the seat or seats and entered by a door usually at the side, also the entire body of an automobile having such an after part.
3. = Tonne.
Tonnihood
Ton´ni•hood, n. (Zoöl.) The female of the bullfinch; — called also tonyhoop. [Prov. Eng.]
Tonnish
Ton´nish (ton"nish), a. In the ton; fashionable; modish. — Ton´nish•ness, n.
Tonquin bean
Ton"quin bean (to&nsmac;"kin ben). See Tonka bean.
Tonsile
Ton´sile, a. [L. tonsilis, fr. tondere, tonsum, to shear, clip. See Tonsure. ] Capable of being clipped.
Tonsilitic
Ton•sil•it´ic, a. (Anat.) Tonsilar. [Written also tonsillitic.]
Tonsilitis
Ton•sil•i´tis, n. [NL. See Tonsil, and -itis.] (Med.) Inflammation of the tonsil; quinsy. [Written also and more usually, tonsillitis.]
Tonsilotomy
Ton•sil•ot´o•my, n. (Surg.) The operation of removing the tonsil, or a portion thereof.
Tonsorial
Ton•so´ri•al, a. [L. tonsorius, fr. tonsor a shearer, barber, fr. tondere, tonsum, to shear. See Tonsure.] Of or pertaining to a barber, or shaving.
Tonus
To´nus, n. [L. a sound, tone. See Tone.] (Physiol.) Tonicity, or tone; as muscular tonus.
Too, adv. [The same word as to, prep. See To.]
1. Over; more than enough; — noting excess; as a thing is too long, too short, or too wide; too high; too many; too much.
"His will, too strong to bend, too proud to learn." Cowley.
2. Likewise; also; in addition.
"An honest courtier, yet a patriot too." Pope.
"Let those eyes that view
The daring crime, behold the vengeance too." Pope. Too too, a duplication used to signify great excess.
"O that this too too solid flesh would melt." Shak.
"Such is not Charles his too too active age." Dryden.
Syn. — Also; likewise. See Also.
Tool, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. tooled p. pr. & vb. n. tooling.]
1. To shape, form, or finish with a tool. "Elaborately tooled." Ld. Lytton.
2. To drive, as a coach. [Slang, Eng.]
Tool (tool), v. i. [Cf. Tool, v. t., 2.] To travel in a vehicle; to ride or drive. [Colloq.]
"Boys on their bicycles tooling along the well- kept roads." Illust. American.
Tool-rest
Tool´-rest, n. (Mach.) the part that supports a tool-post or a tool.
Toom, a. [OE. tom, fr. Icel. tomr; akin to Dan. & Sw. tom, As. tome, adv. Cf. Teem to pour.] Empty. [Obs. or Prov.Eng. & Scot.] Wyclif.
Toon, obs. pl. of Toe. Chaucer.
Toot, v. t. To see; to spy. [Obs.] P. Plowman.
Toot, v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Tooted p. pr. & vb. n. Tooting.] [Cf. D. toeten to blow a horn, G. tuten, Sw. tuta, Dan. tude; probably of imitative origin.] To blow or sound a horn; to make similar noise by contact of the tongue with the root of the upper teeth at the beginning and end of the sound; also to give forth such a sound, as a horn when blown. "A tooting horn." Howell.
"Tooting horns and rattling teams of mail coaches." Thackeray.
Tooter
Toot´er, n. One who toots; one who plays upon a pipe or horn. B. Jonson.
Tooth, n. ; pl. Teeth (#). [OE. toth, tooth, AS. toð; akin to OFries. toth, OS. & D. tand, OHG. zang, zan, G. zahn, Icel. tönn, Sw. & Dan. tand, Goth. tumpus, Lith. dantis, W. dant, L. dens, dentis, Gr. ’odoy•s, ’odo•ntos, Skr. danta; probably originally the p. pr. of the verb to eat. rad.239. Cf. Eat, Dandelion, Dent the tooth of a wheel, Dental, Dentist, Indent, Tine of a fork, Tusk. ]
1. (Anat.) One of the hard, bony appendages which are borne on the jaws, or on other bones in the walls of the mouth or pharynx of most vertebrates, and which usually aid in the prehension and mastication of food. The hard parts of teeth are principally made up of dentine, or ivory, and a very hard substance called enamel. These are variously combined in different animals. Each tooth consist of three parts, a crown, or body, projecting above the gum, one or more fangs imbedded in the jaw, and the neck, or intermediate part. In some animals one or more of the teeth are modified into tusks which project from the mouth, as in both sexes of the elephant and of the walrus, and in the male narwhal. In adult man there are thirty-two teeth, composed largely of dentine, but the crowns are covered with enamel, and the fangs with a layer of bone called cementum. Of the eight teeth on each half of each jaw, the two in front are incisors, then come one canine, cuspid, or dog tooth, two bicuspids, or false molars, and three molars, or grinding teeth. The milk, or temporary, teeth are only twenty in number, there being two incisors, one canine, and two molars on each half of each jaw. The last molars, or wisdom teeth, usually appear long after the others, and occasionally do not appear above the jaw at all.
"How sharper than a serpent’s tooth it is
To have a thankless child !" Shak.
2. Fig.: Taste; palate.
"These are not dishes for thy dainty tooth." Dryden.
3. Any projection corresponding to the tooth of an animal, in shape, position, or office; as the teeth, or cogs, of a cogwheel; a tooth, prong, or tine, of a fork; a tooth, or the teeth, of a rake, a saw, a file, a card.
4. (a) A projecting member resembling a tenon, but fitting into a mortise that is only sunk, not pierced through. (b) One of several steps, or offsets, in a tusk. See Tusk.
5. (Nat. Hist.) An angular or prominence on any edge; as a tooth on the scale of a fish, or on a leaf of a plant; specifically (Bot.), one of the appendages at the mouth of the capsule of a moss. See Peristome.
6. (Zoöl.) Any hard calcareous or chitinous organ found in the mouth of various invertebrates and used in feeding or procuring food; as the teeth of a mollusk or a starfish. In spite of the teeth, in defiance of opposition; in opposition to every effort. — In the teeth, directly; in direct opposition; in front. "Nor strive with all the tempest in my teeth." Pope. — To cast in the teeth, to report reproachfully; to taunt or insult one with. — Tooth and nail, as if by biting and scratching; with one’s utmost power; by all possible means. L’Estrange. "I shall fight tooth and nail for international copyright." Charles Reade. — Tooth coralline (Zoöl.), any sertularian hydroid. — Tooth edge, the sensation excited in the teeth by grating sounds, and by the touch of certain substances, as keen acids. — Tooth key, an instrument used to extract teeth by a motion resembling that of turning a key. — Tooth net, a large fishing net anchored. [Scot.] Jamieson. — Tooth ornament. (Arch.) Same as Dogtooth, n. , 2. — Tooth powder, a powder for cleaning the teeth; a dentifrice. - - Tooth rash. (Med.) See Red-gum, 1. — To show the teeth, to threaten. "When the Law shows her teeth, but dares not bite." Young. — To the teeth, in open opposition; directly to one’s face. "That I shall live, and tell him to his teeth ." Shak.
Tooth, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Toothed p. pr. & vb. n. Toothing.]
1. To furnish with teeth.
"The twin cards toothed with glittering wire." Wordsworth.
2. To indent; to jag; as to tooth a saw.
3. To lock into each other. See Tooth, n. , 4. Moxon.
Toothed, a.
1. Having teeth; furnished with teeth. "Ruby-lipped and toothed with pearl." Herrick.
2. (Bot. & Zoöl.) Having marginal projecting points; dentate. Toothed whale (Zoöl.), any whale of the order Denticete. See Denticete. — Toothed wheel, a wheel with teeth or projections cut or set on its edge or circumference, for transmitting motion by their action on the engaging teeth of another wheel.
Toothshell
Tooth´shell´, n. (Zoöl.) Any species of Dentalium and allied genera having a tooth-shaped shell. See Dentalium.
Toothwort
Tooth´wort, n. (Bot.) A plant whose roots are fancied to resemble teeth, as certain plants of the genus Lathraea, and various species of Dentaria. See Coralwort.
Tootle
Too´tle, v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Tootled p. pr. & vb. n. Tootling ] [Freq. of toot.] To toot gently, repeatedly, or continuously, on a wind instrument, as a flute; also to make a similar noise by any means. "The tootling robin." John Clare.
Top, n. [AS. top; akin to OFries. top a tuft, D. top top, OHG. zopf end, tip, tuft of hair, G. zopf tuft of hair, pigtail, top of a tree, Icel. toppr a tuft of hair, crest, top, Dan. top, Sw. topp pinnacle, top; of uncertain origin. Cf. Tuft.]
1. The highest part of anything; the upper end, edge, or extremity; the upper side or surface; summit; apex; vertex; cover; lid; as the top of a spire; the top of a house; the top of a mountain; the top of the ground.
"The star that bids the shepherd fold,
Now the top of heaven doth hold." Milton.
2. The utmost degree; the acme; the summit.
"The top of my ambition is to contribute to that work." Pope.
3. The highest rank; the most honorable position; the utmost attainable place; as to be at the top of one’s class, or at the top of the school.
"And wears upon his baby brow the round
And top of sovereignty." Shak.
4. The chief person; the most prominent one.
"Other … aspired to be the top of zealots." Milton.
5. The crown of the head, or the hair upon it; the head. "From top to toe" Spenser.
"All the stored vengeance of Heaven fall
On her ungrateful top !" Shak.
6. The head, or upper part, of a plant.
"The buds … are called heads, or tops, as cabbageheads." I. Watts.
7. (Naut.) A platform surrounding the head of the lower mast and projecting on all sudes. It serves to spead the topmast rigging, thus strengheningthe mast, and also furnishes a convenient standing place for the men aloft. Totten.
8. (Wool Manuf.) A bundle or ball of slivers of comkbed wool, from which the noils, or dust, have been taken out.
9. Eve; verge; point. [R.] "He was upon the top of his marriage with Magdaleine." Knolles.
10. The part of a cut gem between the girdle, or circumference, and the table, or flat upper surface. Knight.
11. pl. Top-boots. [Slang] Dickens. Top is often used adjectively or as the first part of compound words, usually self-explaining; as top stone, or topstone; top-boots, or top boots; top soil, or top-soil. Top and but (Shipbuilding), a phrase used to denote a method of working long tapering planks by bringing the but of one plank to the top of the other to make up a constant breadth in two layers. — Top minnow (Zoöl.), a small viviparous fresh-water fish ( Gambusia patruelis) abundant in the Southern United States. Also applied to other similar species.
Top, v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Topped p. pr. & vb. n. Topping.]
1. To rise aloft; to be eminent; to tower; as lofty ridges and topping mountains. Derham.
2. To predominate; as topping passions. "Influenced by topping uneasiness." Locke.
3. To excel; to rise above others.
"But write thy, and top." Dryden.
Toparchy
To´parch•y, n. ; pl. Toparchies (#). [L. toparchia, Gr. . See Toparch.] A small state, consisting of a few cities or towns; a petty country governed by a toparch; as Judea was formerly divided into ten toparchies. Fuller.
Top-armor
Top´-ar•mor, n. (Naut.) A top railing supported by stanchions and equipped with netting.
Topaz
To´paz, n. [OE. topas, F. topaze, L. topazos, or topazion, a kind of precious stone, Gr. to•pazos, topa•zion; possibly akin to Skr. tap to glow (cf. Tepid). According to some, the name is from Topazos, a small island in the Red Sea, where the Romans obtained a stone which they called by this name, but which is the chrysolite of the moderns.]
1. (Min.) A mineral occurring in rhombic prisms, generally yellowish and pellucid, also colorless, and of greenesh, bluish, or brownish shades. It sometimes occurs massive and opaque. It is a fluosilicate of alumina, and is used as a gem.
2. (Zoöl.) Either one of two species of large, brilliantly colored humming birds of the Topaza, of South America and the West Indies. The two tail feathers next to the central ones are much longer that the rest, curved, and crossed. The Throat is metallic yellowish-green, with a tint like topaz in the center, the belly is bright crimson, the back bright red. Called also topaz hummer. False topaz. (Min.) See the Note under Quartz.
Top-drain
Top´-drain, v. t. To drain the surface of, as land; as to top-drain a field or farm.
Top-draining
Top´-drain•ing, n. The act or practice of drining the surface of land.
Top-dress
Top´-dress, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Top-dressed p. pr. & vb. n. Top-dressing.] To apply a surface dressing of manureto,as land.
Tope, n. [Tamil toppu.] A grove or clump of trees; as a toddy tope. [India] Whitworth.
Tope, v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Toped (topt); p. pr. & vb. n. Toping.] [F. tôper to cover a stake in playing at dice, to accept an offer, tôpe agreed!; — perhaps imitative of the sound of striking hands on concluding a bargain. From being used in English as a drinking term, probably at first in accepting a toast.] To drink hard or frequently; to drink strong or spiritous liquors to excess.
"If you tope in form, and treat." Dryden.
Toper
To´per (to"per), n. One who topes, or drinks frequently or to excess; a drunkard; a sot.
Topet
Top´et, n. [F. toupet tuft. See Touper.] (Zoöl.) The European crested titmouse. [Prov. Eng.]
Topgallant
Top•gal´lant, a.
1. (Naut.) Situated above the topmast and below the royal mast; designatb, or pertaining to, the third spars in order from the deck; as the topgallant mast, yards, braces, and the like. See Illustration of Ship.
2. Fig.: Highest; elevated; splendid. "The consciences of topgallant sparks." L’Estrange.Topgallant breeze, a breeze in which the topgallant sails may properly be carried.
Toph, n. [L. tophus, tofus, tufa, or tuft. Cf. Tufa, Tofus, Tophus.] (Min.) kind of sandstone.
Tophaceous
To•pha´ceous, a. [L. tophaceus, tofaceus.] Gritty; sandy; rough; stony.
Top-heavy
Top´-heav•y, a. Having the top or upper part too heavy for the lower part. Sir H. Wotton.
Tophus
To´phus, n. ; pl. Tophi (#). [NL.: cf. F. tophus a mineral concretion in the joint. See Toph.] [Written also tofus.]
1. (Med.) One of the mineral concretions about the joints, and in other situations, occurring chiefly in gouty persons. They consist usually of urate of sodium; when occurring in the internal organs they are also composed of phosphate of calcium.
2. (Min.) Calcareous tufa.
Topiarian
Top•i•a´ri•an, a. [See Toplary.] Of or pertaining to the ornamental cutting and trimming of trees, hedges, etc.; practicing ornamental gardening. [R.] "The topiarian artist." Sir W. Scott.
"All the pedantries of the topiarian art." C. Kingsley.
Topical
Top´ic•al, a. [Cf. F. topique, LL. topicus, Gr. . See Topic, n. ]
1. Of or pertaining to a place; limited; logical application; as a topical remedy; a topical claim or privilege.
2. (Rhet. & logic) Pertaining to, or consisting of, a topic or topics; according to topics.
3. Resembling a topic, or general maxim; hence, not demonstrative, but merely probable, as an argument.
"Evidences of fact can be no more than topical and probable." Sir M. Hale.
Top-light
Top´-light, n. (Naut.) A lantern or light on the top of a vessel.
Topman
Top´man, n. ; pl. Topmem .
1. See Topsman, 2.
2. (Naut.) A man stationed in the top.
Topographer
To•pog´ra•pher, n. [Cf. F. topographe, Cr. .] One who is skilled in the science of topography; one who describes a particular place, town, city, or tract of land.
"Dante is the one authorized topographer of the mediaeval hell." Milman. { Top•o•graph´ic, a. Top•o•graph´ic•al }[Cf. F. topographique.] Of or pertaining to topography; descriptive of a place. — Top•o•graph´ic•al•ly, adv. Topographical map. See under Cadastral. — Topographical surveying. See under Surveying.
Toppiece
Top´piece, n. A small wig for the top of the head; a toupee.
Topping
Top´ping, n. (Angling) The tail of an artificial fly.
Toppingly
Top´ping•ly, adv. In a topping or proud manner.
Toppingly
Top´ping•ly, a. Same as Topping, a. , 3. [Obs.] "Topping quests." Tusser.
Topple
Top´ple, v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Toppled p. pr. & vb. n. Toppling.] [From Top summit.] To fall forward; to pitch or tumble down.
"Though castles topple on their warders’ heads." Shak.
Topple
Top´ple, v. t. To throw down; to overturn.
"He topple crags from the precipice." Longfellow.
Top-proud
Top´-proud, a. Proud to the highest degree. [R.] "This top-proud fellow." Shak.
Topsail
Top´sail, n. (Naut.) In a square-rigged vessel, the sail next above the lowermost sail on a mast. This sail is the one most frequently reefed or furled in working the ship. In a fore-and-aft rigged vessel, the sail set upon and above the gaff. See Cutter, Schooner, Sail, and Ship. Topsail schooner. (Naut.) See Schooner, and Illustration in Appendix.
Topstone
Top´stone, n. A stone that is placed on the top, or which forms the top.
Topsy-turvy
Top´sy-tur´vy, adv. [Earlier topside- turvey, topsy-tervy; probably for top so turvy; that is, the top as turvy, as it were turvy; where turvy probably means, overturned, fr. AS. torfian to throw.] In an inverted posture; with the top or head downward; upside down; as to turn a carriage topsy-turvy.
Top-tackle
Top´-tac•kle, n. (Naut.) A tackle used in hoisting and lowering the topmast.
Tor, n. [AS. torr; cf. Gael. torr. Cf. Tower.]
1. A tower; a turret. [R.] Ray.
2. High-pointed hill; a rocky pinnacle. [Prov. Eng.]
"A rolling range of dreary moors, unbroken by tor or tree." C. Kingsley. { To•race´, To•rase´ }, v. t. [Pref. to- + OE. rsen to rage.] To scratch to pieces. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Torch (tôrch), n. [OE. torche, F. torche a torch, rag, wisp, pad; probably from a derivative of L. torquere, tortum, to twist, because twisted like a rope; cf. F. torcher to rub, wipe, It. topcia a torch, torciare to wrap, twist, OF. torse a torse. Cf. Torture.] A light or luminary formed of some combustible substance, as of resinous wood; a large candle or flambeau, or a lamp giving a large, flaring flame.
"They light the nuptial torch." Milton. Torch thistle. (Bot.) See under Thistle.
Torch race. A race by men carrying torches, as in ancient Greece.
Torchbearer
Torch´bear•er, n. One whose office it is to carry a torch.
Torcher
Torch´er, n. One who gives light with a torch, or as if with a torch. [Obs.] Shak.
Tore, n. [See Torus.]
1. (Arch.) Same as Torus.
2. (Geom.) (a) The surface described by the circumference of a circle revolving about a straight line in its own plane. (b) The solid inclosed by such a surface; — sometimes called an anchor ring.
Toreador
To´re•a•dor, n. [Sp.,fr. torear to fight bulls, fr.L. taurus a bull.] A bullfighter.
To-rend
To-rend´, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. To-rent.] [Pref. to- + rend.] To rend in pieces. [Obs.]
"The wolf hath many a sheep and lamb to- rent." Chaucer.
Toret
Tor´et, n. [Probably dim. fr. tore, torus.] A Turret. [Obs.]
Torment
Tor´ment, n. [OF. torment, F. tourment, fr. L. tormentum an engine for hurling missiles, an instrument of torture, a rack, torture, fr. torquere to turn, to twist, hurl. See Turture.]
1. (Mil. Antiq.) An engine for casting stones. [Obs.] Sir T. Elyot.
2. Extreme pain; anguish; torture; the utmost degree of misery, either of body or mind. Chaucer.
"The more I see
Pleasures about me, so much more I feel Torment within me." Milton.
3. That which gives pain, vexation, or misery.
"They brought unto him all sick people that were taken with divers diseases and torments." Matt. iv. 24.
Torment
Tor•ment´, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. tormented p. pr. & vb. n. tormenting.] [OF. tormenter, F. tourmenter.]
1. To put to extreme pain or anguish; to inflict excruciating misery upon, either of body or mind; to torture. " Art thou come hither to torment us before our time? " Matt. viii. 29.
2. To pain; to distress; to afflict.
"Lord, my servant lieth at home sick of the palsy, grievously tormented." Matt. viii. 6.
3. To tease; to vex; to harass; as to be tormented with importunities, or with petty annoyances. [Colloq.]
4. To put into great agitation. [R.] "[They], soaring on main wing, tormented all the air." Milton.
Tormentil
Tor´men•til, n. [F. tormentille; cf. Pr., It., & NL. tormentilla, Sp. tormentila; all fr. L. tormentum pain. So called because it is said to allay pain. See Torment.] (Bot.) A rosaceous herb ( Potentilla Tormentilla), the root of which is used as a powerful astringent, and for alleviating gripes, or tormina, in diarrhea.
Tormenting
Tor•ment´ing, a. Causing torment; as a tormenting dream. — Tor•ment´ing•ly, adv.
Tormentise
Tor´ment•ise, n. [See Torment.] Torture; torment. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Tormentry
Tor´ment•ry, n. Anything producing torment, annoyance, or pain. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Tormina
Tor´mi•na, n. pl. [L., a griping in the belly.] (Med.) acute, colicky pains; gripes.
Torminous
Tor´mi•nous, a. (Med.) Affected with tormina; griping.
Tornado
Tor•na´do, n. ; pl. Tornadoes (#). [From Sp. or Pg. tornar to turn, return, L. tornare to turn, hence, a whirling wind. The Sp. & Pg. tornada is a return. See Turn.] A violent whirling wind; specifically (Meteorol.), a tempest distinguished by a rapid whirling and slow progressive motion, usually accompaned with severe thunder, lightning, and torrents of rain, and commonly of short duration and small breadth; a small cyclone.
Torose
To•rose´, a. [L. torosus full of muscle, brawny, fleshy. See Torus.] Cylindrical with alternate swellings and contractions; having the surface covered with rounded prominences.
Torosity
To•ros´i•ty, n. The quality or state of being torose.
Torpedo
Tor•pe´do, n. ; pl. Torpedoes (#). [L. torpedo, -inis, from torpere to be stiff, numb, or torpid. See Torpid.]
1. (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of elasmobranch fishes belonging to Torpedo and allied genera. They are related to the rays, but have the power of giving electrical shocks. Called also crampfish, and numbfish. See Electrical fish, under Electrical. The common European torpedo ( T. vulgaris) and the American species ( T. occidentalis) are the best known.
2. An engine or machine for destroying ships by blowing them up. Specifically: — (a) A quantity of explosives anchored in a channel, beneath the water, or set adrift in a current, and so arranged that they will be exploded when touched by a vessel, or when an electric circuit is closed by an operator on shore. (b) A kind of small submarine boat carrying an explosive charge, and projected from a ship against another ship at a distance, or made self-propelling, and otherwise automatic in its action against a distant ship.
3. (Mil.) A kind of shell or cartridge buried in earth, to be exploded by electricity or by stepping on it.
4. (Railroad) A kind of detonating cartridge or shell placed on a rail, and exploded when crushed under the locomotive wheels, — used as an alarm signal.
5. An explosive cartridge or shell lowered or dropped into a bored oil well, and there exploded, to clear the well of obstructions or to open communication with a source of supply of oil.
6. A kind of firework in the form of a small ball, or pellet, which explodes when thrown upon a hard object. Fish torpedo, a spindle-shaped, or fish-shaped, self-propelling submarine torpedo. — Spar torpedo, a canister or other vessel containing an explosive charge, and attached to the end of a long spar which projects from a ship or boat and is thrust against an enemy’s ship, exploding the torpedo. — Torpedo boat, a vessel adapted for carrying, launching, operating, or otherwise making use of, torpedoes against an enemy’s ship. — Torpedo nettings, nettings made of chains or bars, which can be suspended around a vessel and allowed to sink beneath the surface of the water, as a protection against torpedoes.
Torpedo
Tor•pe´do, v. t. to destroy by, or subject to the action of, a torpedo. London Spectator.
Torpedo
Tor•pe´do, n. An automobile with a torpedo body. [Cant]
Torpedo boom
Tor•pe"do boom. A spar formerly carried by men-of- war, having a torpedo on its end.
Torpedo catcher
Tor•pe"do catch"er. A small fast vessel for pursuing and destroying torpedo boats.
Torpescent
Tor•pes´cent, a. [L. torpescens, p. pr. of torpescere to grow stiff, numb, or torpid, incho. fr. torpere. See Torpid.] Becoming torpid or numb. Shenstone.
Torpid
Tor´pid, n. [See Torpid, a. ] [Slang, Oxford University, Eng.]
1. An inferior racing boat, or one who rows in such a boat.
2. pl. The Lenten rowing races.
Torpidness
Tor´pid•ness, n. The qualityy or state of being torpid.
Torpify
Tor´pi•fy, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Torpified p. pr. & vb. n. Torpifying. .] [L. torpere to be torpid + -fy.] To make torpid; to numb, or benumb.
Torpitude
Tor´pi•tude, n. Torpidness. [Obs.] "In a kind of torpitude, or sleeping state." Derham.
Torporific
Tor•por•if´ic, a. [L. torpor torpor + facere to make.] Tending to produce torpor.
torquated
tor´qua•ted, a. [L. Torqyatus.] Having or wearing a torque, or neck chain.
Torques
Tor´ques, n. [L., a necklace. See Torque, 1.] (Zoöl.) A cervical ring of hair or feathers, distinguished by its color or structure; a collar.
Torrefaction
Tor•re•fac´tion, n. [L. torrefacere, torrefactum, to torrefy: cf. F. torre faction. See Torrefy.] The act or process of torrefying, or the state of being torrefied. Bp. Hall.
Torrefy
Tor´re•fy, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Torrefied p. pr. & vb. n. Torrefying.] [L. torrere to parch + -fy: cf. F. torre fier, L. torrefacere.] [Written also torrify.]
1. To dry by a fire. Sir T. Browne.
2. (Metal.) To subject to scorching heat, so as to drive off volatile ingredients; to roast, as ores.
3. (Pharm.) To dry or parch, as drugs, on a metallic plate till they are friable, or are reduced to the state desired.
Torrent
Tor´rent, n. [F., fr. L. torrens, -entis, fr. torrens burning, roaring, boiling, p. pr. of torrere to dry by heat, to burn. See Torrid.]
1. A violent stream, as of water, lava, or the like; a stream suddenly raised and running rapidly, as down a precipice.
"The roaring torrent is deep and wide." Longfellow.
2. Fig.: A violent or rapid flow; a strong current; a flood; as a torrent of vices; a torrent of eloquence.
"At length, Erasmus, that great injured name, …
Stemmed the wild torrent of a barbarous age." Pope.
Torrent
Tor´rent, a. [See Torrent, n. ] Rolling or rushing in a rapid stream. "Waves of torrent fire." Milton. { Tor•ren´tial, Tor•ren´tine } a. Of or pertaining to a torrent; having the character of a torrent; caused by a torrent . [R.]
Torricellian
Tor•ri•cel´li•an, a. Of or pertaining to Torricelli, an Italian philosopher and mathematician, who, in 1643, discovered that the rise of a liquid in a tube, as in the barometer, is due to atmospheric pressure. See Barometer. Torricellian tube, a glass tube thirty or more inches in length, open at the lower end and hermetically sealed at the upper, such as is used in the barometer. — Torricellian vacuum (Physics), a vacuum produced by filling with a fluid, as mercury, a tube hermetically closed at one end, and, after immersing the other end in a vessel of the same fluid, allowing the inclosed fluid to descend till it is counterbalanced by the pressure of the atmosphere, as in the barometer. Hutton.
Torrid
Tor´rid, a. [L. torridus, fr. torrere to parch, to burn, akin to E. Thist: cf. F. torride. See Thirst.]
1. Parched; dried with heat; as a torrid plain or desert. "Barca or Cyrene’s torrid soil." Milton.
2. Violenty hot; drying or scorching with heat; burning; parching. "Torrid heat." Milton. Torrid zone (Geog.), that space or board belt of the earth, included between the tropics, over which the sun is vertical at some period of every year, and the heat is always great.
Torridness
Tor´rid•ness, n. The quality or state of being torrid or parched.
Torril
Tor´ril, n. A worthless woman; also a worthless horse. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
Torse, n. [OF., fr. OF. & F. tors, torse, twisted, wreathed, p. p. of tordre to twist, L. torquere. See Torture.]
1. (Her.) A wreath.
2. [F. tors, torse, twisted.] (Geom.) A developable surface. See under Developable.
Torsel
Tor´sel, n. (Carp.) A plate of timber for the end of a beam or joist to rest on. Gwilt
Torsibillty
Tor•si•bil´l•ty, n. The tendency, as of a rope, to untwist after being twisted.
Torsion
Tor´sion, n. [F., fr. LL. torsio, fr. L. torquere, tortum, to twist. See Torture.]
1. The act of turning or twisting, or the state of being twisted; the twisting or wrenching of a body by the exertion of a lateral force tending to turn one end or part of it about a longitudinal axis, while the other is held fast or turned in the opposite direction.
2. (Mech.) That force with which a thread, wire, or rod of any material, returns, or tends to return, to a state of rest after it has been twisted; torsibility. Angle of torsion (of a curve) (Geom.), the indefinitely small angle between two consecutive osculating planes of a curve of double curvature. — Moment of torsion (Mech.) the moment of a pair of equal and opposite couples which tend to twist a body. — Torsion balance (Physics.), an instrument for estimating very minute forces, as electric or magnetic attractions and repulsions, by the torsion of a very slender wire or fiber having at its lower extremity a horizontal bar or needle, upon which the forces act. — Torsion scale, a scale for weighing in which the fulcra of the levers or beams are strained wires or strips acting by torsion.
Torsion galvanometer. (Elec.) A galvanometer in which current is measured by torsion.
Torsion head. That part of a torsion balance from which the wire or filament is suspended.
Torsk, n. [Dan.; akin to Icel. þorskr a codfish, G. dorsch.] (Zoöl.) (a) The cusk. See Cusk. (b) The codfish. Called also tusk.
Torso
Tor´so, n. ; pl. E. Torsos (#), It. Torsi (#). [It. torso, probably fr. L. thyrsus a stalk, stem, thyrsus, Gr. ; cf. OHG. torso, turso, a stalk, stem, G. dorsche a cabbage stalk. Cf. Thyrsus, Truss.] The human body, as distinguished from the head and limbs; in sculpture, the trunk of a statue, mutilated of head and limbs; as the torso of Hercules.
Tort, n. [F., from LL. tortum, fr. L. tortus twisted, crooked, p. p. of torqure to twist, bend. See Torture.]
1. Mischief; injury; calamity. [Obs.]
"That had them long opprest with tort." Spenser.
2. (Law) Any civil wrong or injury; a wrongful act (not involving a breach of contract) for which an action will lie; a form of action, in some parts of the United States, for a wrong or injury. Executor de son tort. See under Executor. — Tort feasor (Law), a wrongdoer; a trespasser. Wharton.
Tort, a. Stretched tight; taut. [R.]
"Yet holds he them with tortestrein." Emerson.
Torteau
Tor´teau, n. ; pl. Torteaus (#). [Of. torteau, tortel, from L. tortus twisted. See Tort.] (Her.) A roundel of a red color.
Torticollis
Tor•ti•col´lis, n. [F. toricolis; L. torquere, tortum, to twist + collum the neck.] (Med.) See Wryneck.
Tortility
Tor•til´i•ty, n. The quality or state of being tortile, twisted, or wreathed.
Tortilla
Tor•til´la, n. [Sp.] An unleavened cake, as of maize flour, baked on a heated iron or stone.
Tortion
Tor´tion, n. [LL. tortio. See Torsion.] Torment; pain. [Obs.] Bacon.
Tortious
Tor´tious, a. [From Tort.]
1. Injurious; wrongful. [Obs.] "Tortious power." Spenser.
2. (Law) Imploying tort, or privat injury for which the law gives damages; involing tort.
Tortive
Tor´tive, a. [L. tortus, p. p. of torquere to twist, wind.] Twisted; wreathed. Shak.
Tortoise
Tor´toise, n. [OE. tortuce, fr. OF. tortis crooked, fr. L. tortus isted, crooked, contorted, p. p. of torquere, tortum, to wind; cf. F. tortue tortoise, LL. tortuca, tartuca, Pr. tortesa crookedness, tortis crooked. so called in allusion to its crooked feet. See Torture.]
1. (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of reptiles of the order Testudinata. The term is applied especially to the land and fresh-water species, while the marine species are generally called turtles, but the terms tortoise and turtle are used synonymously by many writers. see Testudinata, Terrapin, and Turtle.
2. (Rom. Antiq.) Same as Testudo, 2. Box tortoise, Land tortoise, etc. See under Box, Land, etc. — Painted tortoise. (Zoöl.) See Painted turtle, under Painted. — Soft-shell tortoise. (Zoöl.) See Trionyx. — Spotted tortoise. (Zoöl.) A small American fresh-water tortoise ( Chelopus, or Nanemys, quttatus) having a blackish carapace on which are scattered round yellow spots. — Tortoise beetle (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of small tortoise-shaped beetles. Many of them have a brilliant metallic luster. the larvae feed upon the leaves of various plants, and protect themselves beneath a mass of dried excrement held over the back by means of the caudal spines. The golden tortoise beetle ( Cassida aurichalcea) is found on the morning-glory vine and allied plants. — Tortoise plant. (Bot.) See Elephant’s foot, under Elephant. — Tortoise shell, the substance of the shell or horny plates of several species of sea turtles, especially of the hawkbill turtle. It is used in inlaying and in the manufacture of various ornamental articles. — Tortoise- shell butterfly (Zoöl.), any one of several species of handsomely colored butterflies of the genus Aglais, as A. Milberti, and A. urticae, both of which, in the larva state, feed upon nettles. — Tortoise-shell turtle (Zoöl.), the hawkbill turtle. See Hawkbill.
Tortricid
Tor´tri•cid, a. [See Tortrix.] (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to Tortix, or the family Tortricidae.
Tortulous
Tor´tu•lous, a. (Nat. Hist.) Swelled out at intervals like a knotted cord.
Tortuose
Tor´tu•ose, a. [See Tortuous.] Wreathed; twisted; winding. Loudon
Torture
Tor´ture, n. [F.,fr.L. tortura, fr. torquere, tortum, to twist, rack, torture; probably akin to Gr. tre•pein to turn, G. drechsein to turn on a lathe, and perhaps to E. queer. Cf. Contort, Distort, Extort, Retort, Tart, n. , Torch, Torment, Tortion, Tort, Trope.]
1. Extreme pain; anguish of body or mind; pang; agony; torment; as torture of mind. Shak.
"Ghastly spasm or racking torture." Milton.
2. Especially, severe pain inflicted judicially, either as punishment for a crime, or for the purpose of extorting a confession from an accused person, as by water or fire, by the boot or thumbkin, or by the rack or wheel.
3. The act or process of torturing.
"Torture, whitch had always been deciared illegal, and which had recently been declared illegal even by the servile judges of that age, was inflicted for the last time in England in the month of May, 1640." Macaulay.
Torture
Tor´ture, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Tortured (; 135); p. pr. & vb. n. Torturing.] [Cf. F. Torturer. ]
1. To put to torture; to pain extremely; to harass; to vex.
2. To punish with torture; to put to the rack; as to torture an accused person. Shak.
3. To wrest from the proper meaning; to distort. Jar. Taylor.
4. To keep on the stretch, as a bow. [Obs.]
"The bow tortureth the string." Bacon.
Torturingly
Tor´tur•ing•ly, adv. So as to torture. Beau. & Fl.
Torula
Tor´u•la, n. ; pl. Torulae [NL., dim. of L. torus a semicircular molding.] (Biol.) (a) A chain of special bacteria. (b) A genus of budding fungi. Same as Saccharomyces. Also used adjectively.
Torulose
Tor´u•lose, a. [L. torulus, dim. of torus: cf. F. toruleux. See Torus] (Bot.) Same as Torose.
Torus
To´rus, n. ; pl. Tori (#). [L., a round, swelling, or bulging place, an elevation. Cf. 3d Tore.]
1. (Arch.) A lage molding used in the bases of columns. Its profile is semicircular. See Illust. of Molding. Brande&C.
2. (Zoöl.) One of the ventral parapodia of tubicolous annelids. It usually has the form of an oblong thickening or elevation of the integument with rows of uncini or hooks along the center. See Illust. under Tubicolae.
3. (Bot.) The receptacle, or part of the flower on which the carpels stand.
4. (Geom.) See 3d Tore, 2.
Torved, a. Stern; grim. See Torvous. [Obs.]
"But yesterday his breath
Awed Rome, and his least torved frown was death." J. Webster (1654).
Torvity
Tor´vi•ty, a. [L. torvitas. See Torvous.] Sourness or severity of countenance; sterness. [Obs.]
Toscatter
To•scat´ter, v. t. [Pref. to- + scatter.] To scatter in pieces; to divide. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Tose, v. t. [ See Touse ] To tease, or comb, as wool. [Obs.or Prov. Eng.]
Tosh, a. [Cf. OF. tonce shorn, clipped, and E. tonsure.] Neat; trim. [Scot.] Jomieson.
Toshred
To•shred´, v. t. [Pref. to- + shred. ] To cut into shreads or pieces. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Toss, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Tossed ; (less properly Tost ); p. pr. & vb. n. Tossing.] [ W. tosiaw, tosio, to jerk, toss, snatch, tosa quick jerk, a toss, a snatch. ]
1. To throw with the hand; especially, to throw with the palm of the hand upward, or to throw upward; as to toss a ball.
2. To lift or throw up with a sudden or violent motion; as to toss the head.
"He tossed his arm aloft, and proudly told me,
He would not stay." Addison.
3. To cause to rise and fall; as a ship tossed on the waves in a storm.
"We being exceedingly tossed with a tempeat." Act xxvii. 18.
4. To agitate; to make restless.
"Calm region once,
And full of peace, now tossed and turbulent." Milton.
5. Hence, to try; to harass.
"Whom devils fly, thus is he tossed of men." Herbert.
6. To keep in play; to tumble over; as to spend four years in tossing the rules of grammar. [Obs.] Ascham. To toss off, to drink hastily. — To toss the cars.See under Oar, n.
Tosspot
Toss´pot, n. A toper; one habitually given to strong drink; a drunkard. Shak.
Tosto
Tos´to, a. [It.] (Mus.) Quick; rapid. Pui tosto [It.] (Mus.), faster; more rapid.
Toswink
To•swink´, v. i. [Pref. to- + swink.] To labor excessively. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Tot, n. [Cf. Toddle, Tottle, Totter.]
1. Anything small; — frequently applied as a term of endearment to a little child.
2. A drinking cup of small size, holding about half a pint. [Prov.Eng.] Halliwell.
3. A foolish fellow. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
Tot, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Totted; p. pr. & vb. n. Totting.]
1. To mark with the word "tot"; as a totted debt. See Tot, n.
2. [Cf. Total.] To add; to count; to make up the sum of; to total; — often with up. [Colloq., Eng.]
"The last two tot up the bill." Thackeray.
Tota
To´ta, n. [From the native name in Egypt.] (Zoöl.) The grivet.
Total
To´tal, a. [F., fr. LL. totalis, fr. L. tolus all,whole. Cf. Factotum, Surtout, Teetotum.] Whole; not divided; entire; full; complete; absolute; as a total departure from the evidence; a total loss. " Total darkness." "To undergo myself the total crime." Milton. Total abstinence. See Abstinence, n. , 1. — Total depravity. (Theol.) See Original sin, under Original. Whole; entire; complete. See Whole.
Total
To´tal, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Totaled or Totalled; p. pr. & vb. n. Totaling or Totalling.] To bring to a total; to add; also to reach as a total; to amount to. [Colloq.]
Totalis
To´tal•is, n. [See Total, a. ] The total.
"I look on nothing but totalis." B. Jonson.
Totalization
To•tal•i•za´tion, n. Act of totalizing, or state of being totalized.
Totalizator
To´tal•i•za•tor, n. [From Totalize: cf. F. totalisateur.] A machine for registering and indicating the number and nature of bets made on horse races, as in Australia and South Africa. Called also totalizer.
Totalize
To´tal•ize, v. t. To make total, or complete;to reduce to completeness. Coleridge.
Totalness
To´tal•ness, n. The quality or state of being total; entireness; totality.
Tote, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Toted; p. pr. & vb. n. Toting.] [Said to be of African origin.] To carry or bear; as to tote a child over a stream; — a colloquial word of the Southern States, and used esp. by negroes.
Tote, n. [L. totum, fr. totus all, whole.] The entire body, or all; as the whole tote. [Colloq.]
Totear
To•tear´, v. t. [Pref. to- + tear. ] To tear or rend in pieces. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Totemic
To•tem´ic, a. Of or pertaining to a totem, or totemism.
Totemist
To´tem•ist, n. One belonging to a clan or tribe having a totem. — To•tem•is´tic (#), a.
Toter
Tot´er, n. [See Tote to carry.] (Zoöl.) The stone roller. See Stone roller (a), under Stone.
Totipalmate
To•ti•pal´mate, a. [L. totus all, whole + E. palmate.] (Zoöl.) Having all four toes united by a web; — said of certain sea birds, as the pelican and the gannet. See Illust. under Aves.
Totipresence
To•ti•pres´ence, n. [L. totus all, whole + E. presence.] Omnipresence. [Obs.] A. Tucker.
Totipresent
To•ti•pres´ent, a. [L. totus all, whole + E. present.] Omnipresent. [Obs.] A. Tucker.
Totter
Tot´ter, v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Tottered p. pr. & vb. n. Tottering.] [Probably for older tolter; cf. AS. tealtrian to totter, vacillate. Cf.Tilt to incline, Toddle, Tottle, Totty.]
1. To shake so as to threaten a fall; to vacillate; to be unsteady; to stagger; as an old man totters with age. "As a bowing wall shall ye be, and as a tottering fence." Ps. lxii. 3.
2. To shake; to reel; to lean; to waver.
"Troy nods from high, and totters to her fall." Dryden.
Tottery
Tot´ter•y, a. Trembling or vaccilating, as if about to fall; unsteady; shaking. Johnson.
Tottle
Tot´tle (tot"t’l), v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Tottled p. pr. & vb. n. Tottling.] [See Toddle, Totter.] To walk in a wavering, unsteady manner; to toddle; to topple. [Colloq.]
Totty
Tot´ty, a. [OE. toti. Cf. Totter.] Unsteady; dizzy; tottery. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Sir W. Scott.
"For yet his noule [head] was totty of the must." Spenser.
Toty
Tot´y, a. Totty. [Obs.]
"My head is toty of my swink to-night." Chaucer.
Toty
To´ty, n. A sailor or fisherman; — so called in some parts of the Pacific.
Touch, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Touched p. pr. & vb. n. Touching.] [F. toucher, OF. touchier, tuchier; of Teutonic origin; cf. OHG. zucchen, zukken, to twitch, pluck, draw, G. zukken, zukken, v. intens. fr. OHG. ziohan to draw, G. ziehen, akin to E. tug. See Tuck, v. t., Tug, and cf. Tocsin, Toccata.]
1. To come in contact with; to hit or strike lightly against; to extend the hand, foot, or the like, so as to reach or rest on.
"Him thus intent Ithuriel with his spear Touched lightly." Milton.
2. To perceive by the sense of feeling.
"Nothing but body can be touched or touch." Greech.
3. To come to; to reach; to attain to.
"The god, vindictive, doomed them never more-
Ah, men unblessed! — to touch their natal shore." Pope.
4. To try; to prove, as with a touchstone. [Obs.]
"Wherein I mean to touch your love indeed." Shak.
5. To relate to; to concern; to affect.
"The quarrel toucheth none but us alone." Shak.
6. To handle, speak of, or deal with; to treat of.
"Storial thing that toucheth gentilesse." Chaucer.
7. To meddle or interfere with; as I have not touched the books. Pope.
8. To affect the senses or the sensibility of; to move; to melt; to soften.
"What of sweet before
Hath touched my sense, flat seems to this and harsh." Milton.
"The tender sire was touched with what he said." Addison.
9. To mark or delineate with touches; to add a slight stroke to with the pencil or brush.
"The lines, though touched but faintly, are drawn right." Pope.
10. To infect; to affect slightly. Bacon.
11. To make an impression on; to have effect upon.
"Its face … so hard that a file will not touch it." Moxon.
12. To strike; to manipulate; to play on; as to touch an instrument of music.
"[They] touched their golden harps." Milton.
13. To perform, as a tune; to play.
"A person is the royal retinue touched a light and lively air on the flageolet." Sir W. Scott.
14. To influence by impulse; to impel forcibly. " No decree of mine, … [to] touch with lightest moment of impulse his free will," Milton.
15. To harm, afflict, or distress.
"Let us make a covenant with thee, that thou wilt do us no hurt, as we have not touched thee." Gen. xxvi. 28, 29.
16. To affect with insanity, especially in a slight degree; to make partially insane; — rarely used except in the past participle.
"She feared his head was a little touched." Ld. Lytton.
17. (Geom.) To be tangent to. See Tangent, a.
18. To lay a hand upon for curing disease. To touch a sail (Naut.), to bring it so close to the wind that its weather leech shakes. — To touch the wind (Naut.), to keep the ship as near the wind as possible. — To touch up, to repair; to improve by touches or emendation.
Touch, n. [Cf. F. touche. See Touch, v. ]
1. The act of touching, or the state of being touched; contact.
"Their touch affrights me as a serpent’s sting." Shak.
2. (Physiol.) The sense by which pressure or traction exerted on the skin is recognized; the sense by which the properties of bodies are determined by contact; the tactile sense. See Tactile sense, under Tactile.
"The spider’s touch, how exquisitely fine." Pope. Pure tactile feelings are necessarily rare, since temperature sensations and muscular sensations are more or less combined with them. The organs of touch are found chiefly in the epidermis of the skin and certain underlying nervous structures.
3. Act or power of exciting emotion.
"Not alone
The death of Fulvia, with more urgent touches,
Do strongly speak to us." Shak.
4. An emotion or affection.
"A true, natural, and a sensible touch of mercy." Hooker.
5. Personal reference or application. [Obs.]
"Speech of touch toward others should be sparingly used." Bacon.
6. A stroke; as a touch of raillery; a satiric touch; hence, animadversion; censure; reproof.
"I never bare any touch of conscience with greater regret." Eikon Basilike.
7. A single stroke on a drawing or a picture.
"Never give the least touch with your pencil till you have well examined your design." Dryden.
8. Feature; lineament; trait.
"Of many faces, eyes, and hearts,
To have the touches dearest prized." Shak.
9. The act of the hand on a musical instrument; bence, in the plural, musical notes.
"Soft stillness and the night
Become the touches of sweet harmony." Shak.
10. A small quantity intermixed; a little; a dash.
"Eyes La touch of Sir Peter Lely in them." Hazlitt.
"Madam, I have a touch of your condition." Shak.
11. A hint; a suggestion; slight notice.
"A small touch will put him in mind of them." Bacon.
12. A slight and brief essay. [Colloq.]
"Print my preface in such form as in the booksellers’ phrase, will make a sixpenny touch." Swift.
13. A touchstone; hence, stone of the sort used for touchstone. [Obs.] " Now do I play the touch." Shak.
"A neat new monument of touch and alabaster." Fuller.
14. Hence, examination or trial by some decisive standard; test; proof; tried quality.
"Equity, the true touch of all laws." Carew.
"Friends of noble touch ." Shak.
15. (Mus.) The particular or characteristic mode of action, or the resistance of the keys of an instrument to the fingers; as a heavy touch, or a light touch; also the manner of touching, striking, or pressing the keys of a piano; as a legato touch; a staccato touch.
16. (Shipbilding) The broadest part of a plank worked top and but (see Top and but, under Top, n. ), or of one worked anchor-stock fashion (that is, tapered from the middle to both ends); also the angles of the stern timbers at the counters. J. Knowles.
17. (Football) That part of the field which is beyond the line of flags on either side. Encyc. of Rural Sports.
18. A boys’ game; tag. In touch (Football), outside of bounds. T. Hughes. — To be in touch, to be in contact, or in sympathy. — To keep touch. (a) To be true or punctual to a promise or engagement [Obs.]; hence, to fulfill duly a function.
"My mind and senses keep touch and time." Sir W. Scott. (b) To keep in contact; to maintain connection or sympathy; — with with or of. — Touch and go, a phrase descriptive of a narrow escape. — True as touch ( i. e., touchstone), quite true. [Obs.]
Touchable
Touch´a•ble, a. Capable of being touched; tangible. — Touch´a•ble•ness, n.
Touchdown
Touch´down, n. (Football) The act of touching the football down behind the opponents’ goal . Safety touchdown. See under Safety.
Touching
Touch´ing, a. Affecting; moving; pathetic; as a touching tale. — Touch´ing•ly (#), adv.
Touch-me-not
Touch´-me-not, n. (Bot.) (a) See Impatiens. (b) Squirting cucumber. See under Cucumber.
Touchstone
Touch´stone, n.
1. (Min.) Lydian stone; basanite; — so called because used to test the purity of gold and silver by the streak which is left upon the stone when it is rubbed by the metal. See Basanite.
2. Fig.: Any test or criterion by which the qualities of a thing are tried. Hooker.
"The foregoing doctrine affords us also a touchstone for the trial of spirits." South. Irish touchstone (Min.), basalt, the stone which composes the Giant’s Causeway.
Tough, a. [ Compar. Tougher superl. Toughest.] [OE. tough, AS. toh, akin to D. taai, LG. taa, tage, tau, OHG. zahi, G. zähe, and also to AS. ge tenge near to, close to, oppressive, OS. bi tengi.]
1. Having the quality of flexibility without brittleness; yielding to force without breaking; capable of resisting great strain; as the ligaments of animals are remarkably tough. "Tough roots and stubs. " Milton.
2. Not easily broken; able to endure hardship; firm; strong; as tough sinews. Cowper.
"A body made of brass, the crone demands, … Tough to the last, and with no toil to tire." Dryden.
"The basis of his character was caution combined with tough tenacity of purpose." J. A. Symonds.
3. Not easily separated; viscous; clammy; tenacious; as tough phlegm.
4. Stiff; rigid; not flexible; stubborn; as a tough bow.
"So tough a frame she could not bend." Dryden.
5. Severe; violent; as a tough storm. [Colloq.] " A tough debate. " Fuller. To make it tough, to make it a matter of difficulty; to make it a hard matter. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Toughen
Tough´en, v. i. & t. [ imp. & p. p. Toughened p. pr. & vb. n. Toughening.] To grow or make tough, or tougher.
Tough-head
Tough´-head, n. (Zoöl.) The ruddy duck. [ Local U. S. ]
Toughness
Tough´ness, n. The quality or state of being tough.
Touite
Tou´ite, n. The wood warbler. [Prov. Eng.] { Tou•pee´ ( 277), Tou•pet´ ( 277) }, n. [F. toupet, dim. of OF. top a tuft; of Teutonic origin, and akin to E. top. See Top apex, and cf. Topet.]
1. A little tuft; a curl or artificial lock of hair.
2. A small wig, or a toppiece of a wig.
"Her powdered hair is turned backward over a toupee." G. Eliot.
Toupettit
Tou´pet•tit, n. [See Topet, toupee.] (Zoöl.) The crested titmouse. [Prov. Eng.]
Tour, n. [F. tour. See Tower.] A tower. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Tour, n. [F. tour. See Turn, v. t.]
1. A going round; a circuit; hence, a journey in a circuit; a prolonged circuitous journey; a comprehensive excursion; as the tour of Europe; the tour of France or England.
"The bird of Jove stooped from his airy tour." Milton.
2. A turn; a revolution; as the tours of the heavenly bodies. [Obs.] Blackmore.
3. (Mil.) anything done successively, or by regular order; a turn; as a tour of duty.
Syn. — Journey; excursion. See Journey.
Tour, v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Toured p. pr. & vb. n. Touring.] To make a tourm; as to tour throught a country. T. Hughes.
Tourist
Tour´ist, n. One who makes a tour, or performs a journey in a circuit.
Tourmaline
Tour´ma•line, n. [F. tourmaline, cf. It. turmalina, tormalina, NL. turmalina, turmalinus; all fr. tournamal, a name given to this stone in Ceylon.] (Min.) A mineral occurring usually in three-sided or six-sided prisms terminated by rhombohedral or scalenohedral planes. Black tourmaline (schorl) is the most common variety, but there are also other varieties, as the blue (indicolite), red (rubellite), also green, brown, and white. The red and green varieties when transparent are valued as jewels. [Written also turmaline .] Crystals of tourmaline when heated exhibit electric polarity (see Pyroelectric, n. ). Tourmaline is also used in the form of a polariscope called tourmaline tongs.
Tourn, n. [See Turn]
1. A spinning wheel. [Prov. Eng.]
2. (O.Eng.Law) The sheriff’s turn, or court.
Tournament
Tour´na•ment, n. [OE. turnement, tornement, OF. torneiement, tornoiement, F. tournoiement a turning or wheeling round. See Tourney.]
1. A mock fight, or warlike game, formerly in great favor, in which a number of combatants were engaged, as an exhibition of their address and bravery; hence, figuratively, a real battle. "In battle and in tourneyment." Chaucer.
"With cruel tournament the squadrons join." Milton. It different from the joust, which was a trial of skill between one man and another.
2. Any contest of skill in which there are many contestents for championship; as a chess tournament.
Tournery
Tourn´er•y, n. Work turned on a lathe; turnery. [Obs.] See Turnery. Evelyn.
Tourney
Tour´ney, n. [OF. tornei, tornoi, F. tournoi, fr. OF. torneier, tornoier, tournoier, to tit, to tourney, F. tournoyer to turn round and round. See Turn, v. t.] A tournament. Bacon.
"At tilt or tourney or like warlike game." Spenser.
"We hold a tourney here to-morrow morn,
And there is scantly time for half the work." Tennyson.
Tourney
Tour´ney, v. i. [Cf.OF. torneier. See Tourney, n. ] To perform in tournaments; to tilt.
"Well could he tourney, and in lists debate." Spenser.
Tournure
Tour•nure´, n. [F., fr. tourner to turn.]
1. Turn; contour; figure.
2. Any device used by women to expand the skirt of a dress below the waist; a bustle. { Touse, Touze }, v. t. & i. [ imp. & p. p. Toused p. pr. & vb. n. Tousing.] [OE. tosen rad.64. See tease, and cf. Tose, Toze. ] To pull; to haul; to tear; to worry. [Prov. Eng.] Shak.
"As a bear, whom angry curs have touzed." Spenser.
Tousel
Tous´el, v. t. Same as Tousle. [Colloq.]
Tousle
Tou´sle, v. t. [Freq. of touse. Cf.Tossle.] To put into disorder; to tumble; to touse. [Colloq.]
Tousy
Tou´sy, a. [See Touse, n. & v.] Tousled; tangled; rough; shaggy. [Colloq.]
Tout (toot), v. i. [See 1st Toot.]
1. To act as a tout. See 2d Tout. [Cant. Eng.]
2. To ply or seek for customers. [Prov. Eng.]
Tout, v. i. [See 3d Toot. ] To toot a horn.
Tout, n. The anus. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Tout, n. [Prob. fr. F. tout all.] In the game of solo, a proposal to win all eight tricks.
Tout, v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Touted; p. pr. & vb. n. Touting.]
1. To look narrowly; spy. [Scot. & Dial. Eng.]
2. (Horse Racing) (a) To spy out the movements of race horses at their trials, or to get by stealth or other improper means the secrets of the stable, for betting purposes. [Cant, Eng.] (b) To act as a tout; to tout, or give a tip on, a race horse. [Cant, U. S.]
Touze, v.t & i. See Touse. [Prov. Eng.]
Tow, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Towed p. pr. & vb. n. Towing.] [OE. towen, toen; akin to OFries. toga to pull about, OHG. zogon, Icel. toga, AS. tohline a towline, and AS.teón to draw, p. p. getogen. See Tug] To draw or pull through the water, as a vessel of any kind, by means of a rope.
Towage
Tow´age, n. [From Tow, v. Cf. F. touage.]
1. The act of towing.
2. The price paid for towing.
Towall
Tow´all, n. A towel. [Obs.] Chaucer. { To´ward, To´wards }, prep. [AS. impending, imminent, future, toward, towards. See To, and -ward, wards.]
1. In the direction of; to.
"He set his face toward the wilderness." Num. xxiv. 1.
"The waves make towards\’b6 the pebbled shore." Shak.
2. With direction to, in a moral sense; with respect or reference to; regarding; concerning.
"His eye shall be evil toward his brother." Deut. xxviii. 54.
"Herein do I exercise myself, to have always a conscience void of offense toward God, and toward men." Acts xxiv. 16.
3. Tending to; in the direction of; in behalf of.
"This was the first alarm England received towards any trouble." Clarendom.
4. Near; about; approaching to.
"I am toward nine years older since I left you." Swift. { To´ward, To´wards } adv. Near; at hand; in state of preparation.
"Do you hear sught, sir, of a battle toward ?" Shak.
"We have a trifling foolish banquet Towards." Shak.
Toward
To´ward, a. [AS. . See Toward, prep. ]
1. Approaching; coming near. "His toward peril." Spenser.
2. Readly to do or learn; compliant with duty; not froward; apt; docile; tractable; as a toward youth.
3. Ready to act; forward; bold; valiant.
"Why, that is spoken like a toward prince." Shak.
Towardly
To´ward•ly, a. Same as Toward, a. , 2.
"He’s towardly and will come on apace." Dryden.
Towardness
To´ward•ness, n. Quality or state of being toward.
Towel
Tow´el, n. [OE. towaille, towail, F. touaille, LL. toacula, of Teutonic origin; cf. OHG. dwahila, swahilla, G. zwehle, fr. OHG. dwahan to wash; akin to D. dwaal a towel, AS. þweán to wash, OS. thwahan, Icel. þva, Sw. två, Dan. toe, Goth. þwahan. Cf. Doily.] A cloth used for wiping, especially one used for drying anything wet, as the person after a bath. Towel gourd (Bot.), the fruit of the cucurbitaceous plant Luffa AEgyptiaca; also the plant itself. The fruit is very fibrous, and, when separated from its rind and seeds, is used as a sponge or towel. Called also Egyptian bath sponge, and dishcloth.
Tower
Tow´er, n. [OE. tour, tor, tur, F. tour, L. turris; akin to Gr. ; cf. W. twr a tower, Ir. tor a castle, Gael. torr a tower, castle. Cf. Tor, Turret.]
1. (Arch.) (a) A mass of building standing alone and insulated, usually higher than its diameter, but when of great size not always of that proportion. (b) A projection from a line of wall, as a fortification, for purposes of defense, as a flanker, either or the same height as the curtain wall or higher. (c) A structure appended to a larger edifice for a special purpose, as for a belfry, and then usually high in proportion to its width and to the height of the rest of the edifice; as a church tower.
2. A citadel; a fortress; hence, a defense.
"Thou hast been a shelter for me, and a strong tower from the enemy." Ps. lxi. 3.
3. A headdress of a high or towerlike form, fashionable about the end of the seventeenth century and until 1715; also any high headdress.
"Lay trains of amorous intrigues
In towers, and curls, and periwigs." Hudibras.
4. High flight; elevation. [Obs.] Johnson. Gay Lussac’s tower (Chem.), a large tower or chamber used in the sulphuric acid process, to absorb (by means of concentrated acid) the spent nitrous fumes that they may be returned to the Glover’s tower to be reemployed. See Sulphuric acid, under Sulphuric, and Glover’s tower, below. — Glover’s tower (Chem.), a large tower or chamber used in the manufacture of sulphuric acid, to condense the crude acid and to deliver concentrated acid charged with nitrous fumes. These fumes, as a catalytic, effect the conversion of sulphurous to sulphuric acid. See Sulphuric acid, under Sulphuric, and Gay Lussac’s tower, above. — Round tower. See under Round, a. — Shot tower. See under Shot. — Tower bastion (Fort.), a bastion of masonry, often with chambers beneath, built at an angle of the interior polygon of some works. — Tower mustard (Bot.), the cruciferous plant Arabis perfoliata. — Tower of London, a collection of buildings in the eastern part of London, formerly containing a state prison, and now used as an arsenal and repository of various objects of public interest.
Tower
Tow´er, v. i. [ imp. & p. p. towered p. pr. & vb. n. towering.] To rise and overtop other objects; to be lofty or very high; hence, to soar.
"On the other side an high rock towered still." Spenser.
"My lord protector’s hawks do tower so well." Shak.
Towered
Tow´ered, a. Adorned or defended by towers.
"Towered cities please us then." Milton.
Towery
Tow´er•y, a. Having towers; adorned or defended by towers. [R.] "Towery cities." Pope.
Tow-head
Tow´-head, n. A low alluvial island or shoal in a river. [Local, U. S.]
Towilly
To•wil´ly, n. (Zoöl.) The sanderling; — so called from its cry. [Prov. Eng.]
Towline
Tow´line, n. [AS. tohline. See Tow, v. t., and Line. ] (Naut.) A line used to tow vessels; a towrope.
Town, n. [OE. toun, tun, AS. tun inclosure, fence, village, town; akin to D. tuin a garden, G. zaun a hadge, fence, OHG. zun, Icel. tun an inclosure, homestead, house, Ir. & Gael. dun a fortress, W. din. Cf. Down, adv. & prep., Dune, tine to inclose.]
1. Formerly: (a) An inclosure which surrounded the mere homestead or dwelling of the lord of the manor. [Obs.] (b) The whole of the land which constituted the domain. [Obs.] (c) A collection of houses inclosed by fences or walls. [Obs.] Palsgrave.
2. Any number or collection of houses to which belongs a regular market, and which is not a city or the see of a bishop. [Eng.] Johnson.
3. Any collection of houses larger than a village, and not incorporated as a city; also loosely, any large, closely populated place, whether incorporated or not, in distinction from the country, or from rural communities.
"God made the country, and man made the town." Cowper.
4. The body of inhabitants resident in a town; as the town voted to send two representatives to the legislature; the town voted to lay a tax for repairing the highways.
5. A township; the whole territory within certain limits, less than those of a country. [U. S.]
6. The court end of London;— commonly with the.
7. The metropolis or its inhabitants; as in winter the gentleman lives in town; in summer, in the country.
"Always hankering after the diversions of the town." Addison.
"Stunned with his giddy larum half the town." Pope. The same form of expressions is used in regard to other populous towns.
8. A farm or farmstead; also a court or farmyard. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Town is often used adjectively or in combination with other words; as town clerk, or town-clerk; town- crier, or town crier; townhall, town-hall, or town hall; townhouse, town house, or town- house.
Syn. — Village; hamlet. See Village. Town clerk, an office who keeps the records of a town, and enters its official proceedings. See Clerk. — Town cress (Bot.), the garden cress, or peppergrass. Dr. Prior. — Town house. (a) A house in town, in distinction from a house in the country. (b) See Townhouse. — Town meeting, a legal meeting of the inhabitants of a town entitled to vote, for the transaction of public bisiness. [U. S.] — Town talk, the common talk of a place; the subject or topic of common conversation.
Towned, a. Having towns; containing many towns. [Obs.] Hakluyt.
Townhouse
Town´house, n. A building devoted to the public used of a town; a townhall.
Townish
Town´ish, a. Of or pertaining to the inhabitants of a town; like the town. [R.] Turbervile.
Townsman
Towns´man (tounz"m an), n. ; pl. Townsmen (-m&et;n).
1. An inhabitant of a town; one of the same town with another. Pope.
2. A selectman, in New England. See Selectman.
Towpath
Tow´path, n. A path traveled by men or animals in towing boats; — called also towing path.
Towser
Tow´ser (tou"zer), n. [See Touse to pull about. ] A familiar name for a dog. [ Written also Towzer. ]
Toxaemia
Tox•ae´mi•a (toks"e"mi•a), a. [NL., fr. Gr. toxiko•n poison + a"i^ma blood.] (Med.) Blood poisoning. See under Blood. { Tox´ic, Tox´ic•al }, a. [L. toxicum poison, originally, a poison in which arrows were dipped, Gr. toxiko•n (sc. ) poison for smearing arrows with, fr. toxiko•s of or for the bow, from to•xon bow, arrow. Cf. Intoxicate.] Of or pertaining to poison; poisonous; as toxic medicines.
Toxalbumin
Tox•al•bu´min, n. [See Toxic; Albumin.] (Physiol. Chem.) Any of a class of toxic substances of protein nature; a toxin.
Toxicant
Tox´i•cant, n. A poisonous agent or drug, as opium; an intoxicant.
Toxication
Tox•i•ca´tion, n. [L. toxicum a poison: cf. toxicatus smeared with poison.] Poisoning.
Toxicity
Tox•ic´i•ty, n. The quality or state of being toxic or poisonous; poisonousness.
Toxicogenic
Tox•i•co•gen´ic, a. [See Toxic, and -genic.] (Physiol. & Med.) Producing toxic products; as toxicogenic germs or bacteria.
Toxicologist
Tox•i•col´o•gist, n. One versed in toxicology; the writer of a treatise on poisons.
Toxicology
Tox•i•col´o•gy, n. [Gr. toxiko•n poison + -logy; cf. F. toxicologie. See Toxic. ] The science which treats of poisons, their effects, antidotes, and recognition; also a discourse or treatise on the science.
Toxicomania
Tox•i•co•ma´ni•a, n. [See. Toxic, and Mania.]
1. (Med.) Toxiphobia. A. S. Taylor.
2. (Med.) An insane desire for intoxicating or poisonous drugs, as alcohol or opium. B. W. Richardson.
Toxifera
Tox•if´e•ra, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. to•xon a bow + L. ferre to bear.] (Zoöl.) Same as Toxoglossa. { Tox´in, Tox´ine }, n. [Gr. toxiko•n. See Toxic. ] A poisonous product formed by pathogenic bacteria, as a toxic proteid or poisonous ptomaine.
[1913 Webster]
Toxoglossa
Tox•o•glos´sa, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. to•xon a bow + tongue.] (Zoöl.) A division of marine gastropod mollusks in which the radula are converted into poison fangs. The cone shells ( Conus), Pleurotoma, and Terebra, are examples. See Illust. of Cone, n. , 4, Pleurotoma, and Terebra.
Toxotes
Tox´o•tes, n. [NL., fr. Gr. an archer.] (Zoöl.) A genus of fishes comprising the archer fishes. See Archer fish.
Toy (toi), n. [D. tuid tools, implements, stuff, trash, speel tuig playthings, toys; akin to G. zeug stuff, materials, MNG. ziuc, Icel. tygi gear; all ultimately from the root of E. tug, v. t.; cf. G. zeugen to beget, MHG. ziugen to beget, make ready, procure. See Tug, v. t.]
1. A plaything for children; a bawble. Cowper.
2. A thing for amusement, but of no real value; an article of trade of little value; a trifle.
"They exchange for knives, glasses, and such toys, great abundance of gold and pearl." Abr. Abbot.
3. A wild fancy; an odd conceit; idle sport; folly; trifling opinion.
"To fly about playing their wanton toys." Spenser.
"What if a toy take’em in the heels now, and they all run away." Beau. &Fl.
"Nor light and idle toys my lines may vainly swell." Drayton.
4. Amorous dalliance; play; sport; pastime. Milton.
"To dally thus with death is no fit toy." Spenser.
5. An old story; a silly tale. Shak.
6. [Probably the same word.] A headdress of linen or woolen, that hangs down over the shoulders, worn by old women of the lower classes; — called also toy mutch. [Scot.] "Having, moreover, put on her clean toy, rokelay, and scarlet plaid." Sir W. Scott.
Toy, v. i. [ imp. & p. p. toyed p. pr. & vb. n. toying.] To dally amorously; to trifle; to play.
"To toy, to wanton, dally, smile and jest." Shak.
Toyear
To•year, adv. [ To, prep. + year. ] This year. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Toyer
Toy´er, n. One who toys; one who is full of trifling tricks; a trifler.
Toyhouse
Toy´house, n. A house for children to play in or to play with; a playhouse.
Toysome
Toy´some (toi"sum), a. Disposed to toy; trifling; wanton. [R.] Ford.
Tozy
To´zy, a. [See Toze ] Soft, like wool that has been teased. — To´zi•ness (#), n.