Soak, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Soaked p. pr. & vb. n. Soaking.] [OE. soken, AS. socian to sioak, steep, fr. scan, sgan, to suck. See Suck.]
1. To cause or suffer to lie in a fluid till the substance has imbibed what it can contain; to macerate in water or other liquid; to steep, as for the purpose of softening or freshening; as to soak cloth; to soak bread; to soak salt meat, salt fish, or the like.
2. To drench; to wet thoroughly.
"Their land shall be soaked with blood." Isa. xxiv. 7.
3. To draw in by the pores, or through small passages; as a sponge soaks up water; the skin soaks in moisture.
4. To make (its way) by entering pores or interstices; — often with through.
"The rivulet beneath soaked its way obscurely through wreaths of snow." Sir W. Scott.
5. Fig.: To absorb; to drain. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton.

Soak, v. i.
1. To lie steeping in water or other liquid; to become sturated; as let the cloth lie and soak.
2. To enter (into something) by pores or interstices; as water soaks into the earth or other porous matter.
3. To drink intemperately or gluttonously. [Slang]

Soakage
Soak´age, n. The act of soaking, or the state of being soaked; also the quantity that enters or issues by soaking.

Soaker
Soak´er, n.
1. One who, or that which, soaks.
2. A hard drinker. [Slang] South.

Soaking
Soak´ing, a. Wetting thoroughly; drenching; as a soaking rain. — Soak´ing•ly, adv.

Soaky
Soak´y, a. Full of moisture; wet; soppy.

Soal, n.
1. The sole of a shoe. [Obs. or R.]
2. (Zoöl.) See Sole, the fish. [Obs.]

Soal, n. [AS. sol mire. Cf. Sully.] A dirty pond. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Soap, n. [OE. sope, AS. sape; akin to D. zeep, G. seife, OHG. seifa, Icel. sapa, Sw. spa, Dan. sbe, and perhaps to AS. sipan to drip, MHG. sifen, and L. sebum tallow. Cf. Saponaceous.] A substance which dissolves in water, thus forming a lather, and is used as a cleansing agent. Soap is produced by combining fats or oils with alkalies or alkaline earths, usually by boiling, and consists of salts of sodium, potassium, etc., with the fatty acids (oleic, stearic, palmitic, etc.). See the Note below, and cf. Saponification. By extension, any compound of similar composition or properties, whether used as a cleaning agent or not. In general, soaps are of two classes, hard and soft. Calcium, magnesium, lead, etc., form soaps, but they are insoluble and useless.
"The purifying action of soap depends upon the fact that it is decomposed by a large quantity of water into free alkali and an insoluble acid salt. The first of these takes away the fatty dirt on washing, and the latter forms the soap lather which envelops the greasy matter and thus tends to remove it." Roscoe & Schorlemmer.Castile soap, a fine-grained hard soap, white or mottled, made of olive oil and soda; — called also Marseilles, or Venetian, soap. — Hard soap, any one of a great variety of soaps, of different ingredients and color, which are hard and compact. All solid soaps are of this class. — Lead soap, an insoluble, white, pliable soap made by saponifying an oil (olive oil) with lead oxide; — used externally in medicine. Called also lead plaster, diachylon, etc. — Marine soap. See under Marine. — Pills of soap (Med.), pills containing soap and opium. — Potash soap, any soap made with potash, esp. the soft soaps, and a hard soap made from potash and castor oil. — Pumice soap, any hard soap charged with a gritty powder, as silica, alumina, powdered pumice, etc., which assists mechanically in the removal of dirt. — Resin soap, a yellow soap containing resin, — used in bleaching. — Silicated soap, a cheap soap containing water glass (sodium silicate). — Soap bark. (Bot.) See Quillaia bark. — Soap bubble, a hollow iridescent globe, formed by blowing a film of soap suds from a pipe; figuratively, something attractive, but extremely unsubstantial.
"This soap bubble of the metaphysicians." J. C. Shairp. — Soap cerate, a cerate formed of soap, olive oil, white wax, and the subacetate of lead, sometimes used as an application to allay inflammation. — Soap fat, the refuse fat of kitchens, slaughter houses, etc., used in making soap. — Soap liniment (Med.), a liniment containing soap, camphor, and alcohol. — Soap nut, the hard kernel or seed of the fruit of the soapberry tree, — used for making beads, buttons, etc. — Soap plant (Bot.), one of several plants used in the place of soap, as the Chlorogalum pomeridianum, a California plant, the bulb of which, when stripped of its husk and rubbed on wet clothes, makes a thick lather, and smells not unlike new brown soap. It is called also soap apple, soap bulb, and soap weed. — Soap tree. (Bot.) Same as Soapberry tree. — Soda soap, a soap containing a sodium salt. The soda soaps are all hard soaps. — Soft soap, a soap of a gray or brownish yellow color, and of a slimy, jellylike consistence, made from potash or the lye from wood ashes. It is strongly alkaline and often contains glycerin, and is used in scouring wood, in cleansing linen, in dyehouses, etc. Figuratively, flattery; wheedling; blarney. [Colloq.] — Toilet soap, hard soap for the toilet, usually colored and perfumed.

Soap, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Soaped p. pr. & vb. n. Soaping.]
1. To rub or wash over with soap.
2. To flatter; to wheedle. [Slang]

Soapfish
Soap´fish, n. (Zoöl.) Any serranoid fish of the genus Rhypticus; — so called from the soapy feeling of its skin.

Soapiness
Soap´i•ness, n. Quality or state of being soapy.

Soaproot
Soap´root, n. (Bot.) A perennial herb ( Gypsophila Struthium) the root of which is used in Spain as a substitute for soap.

Soapstone
Soap´stone, n. See Steatite, and Talc.

Soapwort
Soap´wort, n. (Bot.) A common plant ( Saponaria officinalis) of the Pink family; — so called because its bruised leaves, when agitated in water, produce a lather like that from soap. Called also Bouncing Bet.

Soapy
Soap´y, a. [ Compar. Soapier superl. Soapiest.]
1. Resembling soap; having the qualities of, or feeling like, soap; soft and smooth.
2. Smeared with soap; covered with soap.

Soaring
Soar´ing, a. & n. from Soar. — Soar´ing•ly, adv.

Soavemente
So•a•ve•men´te, adv. [It.] (Mus.) Sweetly.

Sob, v. t. [See Sop.] To soak. [Obs.] Mortimer.

Sob, v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Sobbed p. pr. & vb. n. Sobbing.] [OE. sobben; akin to AS. seófian, siófian, to complain, bewail, seófung, siófung, sobbing, lamentation; cf. OHG. sftön, sftn, to sigh, MHG. siuften, siufzen, G. seufzen, MHG. sft a sigh, properly, a drawing in of breath, from sfen to drink, OHG. sfan. Cf. Sup.] To sigh with a sudden heaving of the breast, or with a kind of convulsive motion; to sigh with tears, and with a convulsive drawing in of the breath.
"Sobbing is the same thing [as sighing], stronger." Bacon.
"She sighed, she sobbed, and, furious with despair. She rent her garments, and she tore her hair." Dryden.

Sob, n.
1. The act of sobbing; a convulsive sigh, or inspiration of the breath, as in sorrow.
"Break, heart, or choke with sobs my hated breath." Dryden.
2. Any sorrowful cry or sound.
"The tremulous sob of the complaining owl." Wordsworth.

Sobbing
Sob´bing, n. A series of short, convulsive inspirations, the glottis being suddenly closed so that little or no air enters into the lungs.

Sober, a. [ Compar. Soberer superl. Soberest.] [OE. sobre, F. sobre, from L. sobrius, probably from a prefix so- expressing separation + ebrius drunken. Cf. Ebriety.]
1. Temperate in the use of spirituous liquors; habitually temperate; as a sober man.
"That we may hereafter live a godly, righteous, and sober life, to the glory of Thy holy name." Bk. of Com. Prayer.
2. Not intoxicated or excited by spirituous liquors; as the sot may at times be sober.
3. Not mad or insane; not wild, visionary, or heated with passion; exercising cool, dispassionate reason; self- controlled; self-possessed.
"There was not a sober person to be had; all was tempestuous and blustering." Druden.
"No sober man would put himself into danger for the applause of escaping without breaking his neck." Dryden.
4. Not proceeding from, or attended with, passion; calm; as sober judgment; a man in his sober senses.
5. Serious or subdued in demeanor, habit, appearance, or color; solemn; grave; sedate.
"What parts gay France from sober Spain?" Prior.
"See her sober over a sampler, or gay over a jointed baby." Pope.
"Twilight gray Had in her sober livery all things clad." Milton.
Syn. — Grave; temperate; abstinent; abstemious; moderate; regular; steady; calm; quiet; cool; collected; dispassionate; unimpassioned; sedate; staid; serious; solemn; somber. See Grave.

Sober
So´ber, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Sobered p. pr. & vb. n. Sobering.] To make sober.
"There shallow draughts intoxicate the brain, And drinking largely sobers us again." Pope.

Sober
So´ber, v. i. To become sober; — often with down.
"Vance gradually sobered down." Ld. Lytton.

Soberize
So´ber•ize, v. t. & i. To sober. [R.] Crabbe.

Soberly
So´ber•ly, adv. In a sober manner; temperately; cooly; calmly; gravely; seriously.

Soberly
So´ber•ly, a. Grave; serious; solemn; sad. [Obs.]
"[He] looked hollow and thereto soberly." Chaucer.

Sober-minded
So´ber-mind•ed, a. Having a disposition or temper habitually sober. — So"ber- mind•ed•ness, n.

Soberness
So´ber•ness, n. The quality or state of being sober.

Soboles
Sob´o•les, n. [L., a short.] (Bot.) (a) A shoot running along under ground, forming new plants at short distances. (b) A sucker, as of tree or shrub.

Soboliferous
Sob•o•lif´er•ous, a. [L. soboles + -ferous.] (Bot.) Producing soboles. See Illust. of Houseleek.

Sobriety
So•bri´e•ty, n. [L. sobrietas: cf. F. sobriete. See Sober.]
1. Habitual soberness or temperance as to the use of spirituous liquors; as a man of sobriety.
"Public sobriety is a relative duty." Blackstone.
2. Habitual freedom from enthusiasm, inordinate passion, or overheated imagination; calmness; coolness; gravity; seriousness; as the sobriety of riper years.
"Mirth makes them not mad, Nor sobriety sad." Denham.
Syn. — Soberness; temperance; abstinence; abstemiousness; moderation; regularity; steadness; calmness; coolness; sober- mindeness; sedateness; staidness; gravity; seriousness; solemnity.

Soc (sok), n. [AS. soc the power of holding court, sway, domain, properly, the right of investigating or seeking; akin to E. sake, seek. Sake, Seek, and cf. Sac, and Soke.] [Written also sock, and soke.]
1. (O. Eng. Law) (a) The lord’s power or privilege of holding a court in a district, as in manor or lordship; jurisdiction of causes, and the limits of that jurisdiction. (b) Liberty or privilege of tenants excused from customary burdens.
2. An exclusive privilege formerly claimed by millers of grinding all the corn used within the manor or township which the mill stands. [Eng.] Soc and sac (O. Eng. Law), the full right of administering justice in a manor or lordship.

So-called
So´-called, a. So named; called by such a name (but perhaps called thus with doubtful propriety).

Sociability
So•cia•bil´i•ty, n. [Cf. F. sociabilite.] The quality of being sociable; sociableness.

Sociable
So´cia•ble, a. [F., fr. L. sociabilis, fr. sociare to associate, fr. socius a companion. See Social.]
1. Capable of being, or fit to be, united in one body or company; associable. [R.]
"They are sociable parts united into one body." Hooker.
2. Inclined to, or adapted for, society; ready to unite with others; fond of companions; social.
"Society is no comfort to one not sociable." Shak.
"What can be more uneasy to this sociable creature than the dry, pensive retirements of solitude?" South.
3. Ready to converse; inclined to talk with others; not taciturn or reserved.
4. Affording opportunites for conversation; characterized by much conversation; as a sociable party.
5. No longer hostile; friendly. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.Sociable bird, orSociable weaver (Zoöl.), a weaver bird which builds composite nests. See Republican, n. , 3. (b).
Syn. — Social; companionable; conversible; friendly; familiar; communicative; accessible.

Sociable
So´cia•ble, n.
1. A gathering of people for social purposes; an informal party or reception; as a church sociable. [Colloq. U. S.]
2. A carriage having two double seats facing each other, and a box for the driver. Miss Edgeworth.

Sociableness
So´cia•ble•ness, n. The quality of being sociable.

Sociably
So´cia•bly, adv. In a sociable manner.

Social
So´cial, a. [L. socialis, from socius a companion; akin to sequi to follow: cf. F. social. See Sue to follow.]
1. Of or pertaining to society; relating to men living in society, or to the public as an aggregate body; as social interest or concerns; social pleasure; social benefits; social happiness; social duties. "Social phenomena." J. S. Mill.
2. Ready or disposed to mix in friendly converse; companionable; sociable; as a social person.
3. Consisting in union or mutual intercourse.
"Best with thyself accompanied, seek’st not Social communication." Milton.
4. (Bot.) Naturally growing in groups or masses; — said of many individual plants of the same species.
5. (Zoöl.) (a) Living in communities consisting of males, females, and neuters, as do ants and most bees. (b) Forming compound groups or colonies by budding from basal processes or stolons; as the social ascidians. Social science, the science of all that relates to the social condition, the relations and institutions which are involved in man’s existence and his well-being as a member of an organized community; sociology. It concerns itself with questions of the public health, education, labor, punishment of crime, reformation of criminals, and the like. — Social whale (Zoöl.), the blackfish. — The social evil, prostitution.
Syn. — Sociable; companionable; conversible; friendly; familiar; communicative; convival; festive.

Socialist
So´cial•ist, n. [Cf. F. socialiste.] One who advocates or practices the doctrines of socialism. { So´cial•ist, So•cial•is´tic } a. Pertaining to, or of the nature of, socialism.

Sociality
So•ci•al´i•ty, n. [Cf. F. socialiste, L. socialitas.] The quality of being social; socialness.

Socialize
So´cial•ize, v. t.
1. To render social.
2. To subject to, or regulate by, socialism.

Socially
So´cial•ly, adv. In a social manner; sociably.

Socialness
So´cial•ness, n. The quality or state of being social.

Sociate
So´ci•ate, a. [L. sociatus, p. p. of sociare to associate, fr. socius companion.] Associated. [Obs.]

Sociate
So´ci•ate, n. An associate. [Obs.]
"As for you, Dr. Reynolds, and your sociates." Fuller.

Sociate
So´ci•ate, v. i. To associate. [Obs.] Shelford.

Societarian
So•ci•e•ta´ri•an, a. Of or pertaining to society; social.
"The all-sweeping besom of societarian reformation." Lamb.

Societary
So•ci´e•ta•ry, a. Societarian. [R.]

Society
So•ci´e•ty, n. ; pl. Societies (#). [L. societas, fr. socius a companion: cf. F. societe. See Social.]
1. The relationship of men to one another when associated in any way; companionship; fellowship; company. "Her loved society." Milton.
"There is society where none intrudes By the deep sea, and music in its roar." Byron.
2. Connection; participation; partnership. [R.]
"The meanest of the people and such as have the least society with the acts and crimes of kings." Jer. Taylor.
3. A number of persons associated for any temporary or permanent object; an association for mutual or joint usefulness, pleasure, or profit; a social union; a partnership; as a missionary society.
4. The persons, collectively considered, who live in any region or at any period; any community of individuals who are united together by a common bond of nearness or intercourse; those who recognize each other as associates, friends, and acquaintances.
5. Specifically, the more cultivated portion of any community in its social relations and influences; those who mutually give receive formal entertainments. Society of Jesus. See Jesuit. — Society verses [a translation of F. vers de societe], the lightest kind of lyrical poetry; verses for the amusement of polite society.

Socinianism
So•cin´i•an•ism, n. (Eccl. Hist.) The tenets or doctrines of Faustus Socinus, an Italian theologian of the sixteenth century, who denied the Trinity, the deity of Christ, the personality of the Devil, the native and total depravity of man, the vicarious atonement, and the eternity of future punishment. His theory was that Christ was a man divinely commissioned, who had no existence before he was conceived by the Virgin Mary; that human sin was the imitation of Adam’s sin, and that human salvation was the imitation and adoption of Christ’s virtue; that the Bible was to be interpreted by human reason; and that its language was metaphorical, and not to be taken literally.

Socinianize
So•cin´i•an•ize, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Socinianized p. pr. & vb. n. Socinianizing ] To cause to conform to Socinianism; to regulate by, or imbue with, the principles of Socinianism. { So•ci•o•log´ic, So•ci•o•log´ic•al } a. Of or pertaining to sociology, or social science. — So•ci•o•log´ic•al•ly, adv.

Sociology
So•ci•ol´o•gy, n. [L. socius a companion + -logy.] That branch of philosophy which treats of the constitution, phenomena, and development of human society; social science. H. Spencer.

Sock, n. [F. soc, LL. soccus, perhaps of Celtic origin.] A plowshare. Edin. Encyc.

Sock, n. [OE. sock, AS. socc, fr. L. soccus a kind of low-heeled, light shoe. Cf. Sucket.]
1. The shoe worn by actors of comedy in ancient Greece and Rome, — used as a symbol of comedy, or of the comic drama, as distinguished from tragedy, which is symbolized by the buskin.
"Great Fletcher never treads in buskin here, Nor greater Jonson dares in socks appear." Dryden.
2. A knit or woven covering for the foot and lower leg; a stocking with a short leg.
3. A warm inner sole for a shoe. Simmonds.

Sock, v. t. [Perh. shortened fr. sockdolager.] To hurl, drive, or strike violently; — often with it as an object. [Prov. or Vulgar] Kipling.

Sockdolager
Sock•dol´a•ger, n. [A corruption of doxology.] [Written also sockdologer.]
1. That which finishes or ends a matter; a settler; a poser, as a heavy blow, a conclusive answer, and the like. [Slang, U.S.]
2. (Angling) A combination of two hooks which close upon each other, by means of a spring, as soon as the fish bites. [U. S.]

Sockdolager
Sock•dol´a•ger, n. Something unusually large. [Slang, U. S.]

Socket
Sock´et, n. [OE. soket, a dim. through OF. fr. L. soccus. See Sock a covering for the foot.]
1. An opening into which anything is fitted; any hollow thing or place which receives and holds something else; as the sockets of the teeth.
"His eyeballs in their hollow sockets sink." Dryden.
2. Especially, the hollow tube or place in which a candle is fixed in the candlestick.
"And in the sockets oily bubbles dance." Dryden. Socket bolt (Mach.), a bolt that passes through a thimble that is placed between the parts connected by the bolt. — Socket chisel. Same as Framing chisel. See under Framing. — Socket pipe, a pipe with an expansion at one end to receive the end of a connecting pipe. — Socket pole, a pole armed with iron fixed on by means of a socket, and used to propel boats, etc. [U.S.] — Socket wrench, a wrench consisting of a socket at the end of a shank or rod, for turning a nut, bolthead, etc., in a narrow or deep recess.

Sockless
Sock´less, a. Destitute of socks or shoes. B. & Fl.

Socky
Sock´y, a. Wet; soaky. [Prov. Eng.]

Socle
So´cle, n. [F., fr. L. socculus, dim. of soccus. See Sock a covering for the foot. Cf. Zocco.] (Arch.) (a) A plain block or plinth forming a low pedestal; any base; especially, the base of a statue, column, or the like. See Plinth. (b) A plain face or plinth at the lower part of a wall. Oxf. Gloss.

Socome
Soc´ome, n. [AS. socen, socn, searching, or the right of searching, the lord’s court. See Soc.] (O.Eng. Law) A custom of tenants to grind corn at the lord’s mill. Cowell.

Socratism
Soc´ra•tism, n. The philosophy or the method of Socrates.

Socratist
Soc´ra•tist, n. [Gr. .] A disciple or follower of Socrates.

Sod, n. (Zoöl.) The rock dove. [Prov. Eng.]

Sod, obs. imp. of Seethe.

Sod, n. [Akin to LG. sode, D. zode, OD. sode, soode, OFries. satha, and E. seethe. So named from its sodden state in wet weather. See Seethe.] That stratum of the surface of the soil which is filled with the roots of grass, or any portion of that surface; turf; sward.
"She there shall dress a sweeter sod Than Fancy’s feet have ever trod." Collins.

Sod, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Sodden; p. pr. & vb. n. Sodding.] To cover with sod; to turf.

Sodalite
So´da•lite, n. [ Soda + - lite: cf. F. sodalithe.] (Min.) A mineral of a white to blue or gray color, occuring commonly in dodecahedrons, also massive. It is a silicate of alumina and soda with some chlorine.

Sodality
So•dal´i•ty, n. ; pl. Sodalities (#). [L. sodalitas, fr. sodalis a comrade.]
1. A fellowship or fraternity; a brotherhood.
2. (R.C.Ch.) Specifically, a lay association for devotion or for charitable purposes.

Sodamide
Sod•am´ide, n. (Chem.) A greenish or reddish crystalline substance, NaNH₂, obtained by passing ammonia over heated sodium.

Sodden
Sod´den, a. [ p. p. of Seethe.] Boiled; seethed; also soaked; heavy with moisture; saturated; as sodden beef; sodden bread; sodden fields.

Sodden
Sod´den, v. i. To be seethed; to become sodden.

Sodden
Sod´den, v. t. To soak; to make heavy with water.

Sodden-witted
Sod´den-wit•ted, a. Heavy; dull. Shak.

Soddy
Sod´dy, a. [From Sod.] Consisting of sod; covered with sod; turfy. Cotgrave.

Sodio-
So´di•o- (Chem.) A combining form (also used adjectively) denoting the presence of sodium or one of its compounds.

Sodium
So´di•um, n. [NL., fr.E. soda.] (Chem.) A common metallic element of the alkali group, in nature always occuring combined, as in common salt, in albite, etc. It is isolated as a soft, waxy, white, unstable metal, so readily oxidized that it combines violently with water, and to be preserved must be kept under petroleum or some similar liquid. Sodium is used combined in many salts, in the free state as a reducer, and as a means of obtaining other metals (as magnesium and aluminium) is an important commercial product. Symbol Na ( Natrium). Atomic weight 23. Specific gravity 0.97. Sodium amalgam, an alloy of sodium and mercury, usually produced as a gray metallic crystalline substance, which is used as a reducing agent, and otherwise. — Sodium bicarbonate, a white crystalline substance, HNaCO₃, with a slight alkaline taste resembling that of sodium carbonate. It is found in many mineral springs and also produced artificially,. It is used in cookery, in baking powders, and as a source of carbonic acid gas (carbon dioxide) for soda water. Called also cooking soda, saleratus, and technically, acid sodium carbonate, primary sodium carbonate, sodium dicarbonate, etc. — Sodium carbonate, a white crystalline substance, Na₂CO₃.₁₀H₂O, having a cooling alkaline taste, found in the ashes of many plants, and produced artifically in large quantities from common salt. It is used in making soap, glass, paper, etc., and as alkaline agent in many chemical industries. Called also sal soda, washing soda, or soda. Cf. Sodium bicarbonate, above and Trona. — Sodium chloride, common, or table, salt, NaCl. — Sodium hydroxide, a white opaque brittle solid, NaOH, having a fibrous structure, produced by the action of quicklime, or of calcium hydrate (milk of lime), on sodium carbonate. It is a strong alkali, and is used in the manufacture of soap, in making wood pulp for paper, etc. Called also sodium hydrate, and caustic soda. By extension, a solution of sodium hydroxide.

Sodomite
Sod´om•ite, n.
1. An inhabitant of Sodom.
2. One guilty of sodomy.

Sodomitical
Sod•om•it´ic•al, a. Pertaining to, or of the nature of, sodomy. — Sod•om•it´ic•al•ly, adv.

Sodomy
Sod´om•y, n. [From Sodom. a country mentioned in the Bible: cf. F. sodomite.] Carnal copulation in a manner against nature; buggery. Gen. xix. 5.

Soe, n. [Scot. sae, say, saye; cf. Icel. sar a large cask, Sw. s a tub.] A large wooden vessel for holding water; a cowl. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Dr. H. More.

Soever
So•ev´er A word compounded of so and ever, used in composition with who, what, where, when, how, etc., and indicating any out of all possible or supposable persons, things, places, times, ways, etc. It is sometimes used separate from the pronoun or adverb.
"For unto whom soever much is given, of him shall be much required." Luke xii. 48.
"What great thing soever a man proposed to do in his life, he should think of achieving it by fifty." Sir W. Temple.

Sofa
So´fa, n. ; pl. Sofas (#). [Ar. soffah, from saffa to dispose in order: cf. F. sofa, It. sofà .] A long seat, usually with a cushioned bottom, back, and ends; — much used as a comfortable piece of furniture.
"Let fall the curtains, wheel the sofa round." Cowper. Sofa bed, a sofa so contrived that it may be extended to form a bed; — called also sofa bedstead.

Soffit
Sof´fit, n. [It. soffitta, soffitto, fr. soffiggere to hide, properly, to fix or fasten under, L. suffigere to fasten beneath or below; sub under, beneath + figere to fix, faste: cf. F. soffite.] (Arch.) The under side of the subordinate parts and members of buildings, such as staircases, entablatures, archways, cornices, or the like. See Illust. of Lintel.

Soft steel. Steel low in carbon; mild steel; ingot iron.

Softa
Sof´ta, n. [Corruption of Per. skhtah one who burns, is ardent or zealous.] Any one attached to a Mohammedan mosque, esp. a student of the higher branches of theology in a mosque school. [Written also sophta.]

Soften
Sof´ten, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Softened p. pr. & vb. n. Softening.] To make soft or more soft. Specifically: — (a) To render less hard; — said of matter.
"Their arrow’s point they soften in the flame." Gay. (b) To mollify; to make less fierce or intractable.
"Diffidence conciliates the proud, and softens the severe." Rambler. (c) To palliate; to represent as less enormous; as to soften a fault. (d) To compose; to mitigate; to assuage.
"Music can soften pain to ease." Pope. (e) To make calm and placid.
"All that cheers or softens life." Pope. (f) To make less harsh, less rude, less offensive, or less violent, or to render of an opposite quality.
"He bore his great commision in his look, But tempered awe, and softened all he spoke." Dryden. (g) To make less glaring; to tone down; as to soften the coloring of a picture. (h) To make tender; to make effeminate; to enervate; as troops softened by luxury. (i) To make less harsh or grating, or of a quality the opposite; as to soften the voice.

Soften
Sof´ten, v. i. To become soft or softened, or less rude, harsh, severe, or obdurate.

Softener
Sof´ten•er, n. One who, or that which, softens. [Written also less properly, softner.]

Softening
Sof´ten•ing, a. & n. from Soften, v. Softening of the brain, or Cerebral softening (Med.), a localized softening of the brain substance, due to hemorrhage or inflammation. Three varieties, distinguished by their color and representing different stages of the morbid process, are known respectively as red, yellow, and white, softening.

Soft-headed
Soft´-head•ed, a. Weak in intellect.

Soft-hearted
Soft´-heart•ed, a. Having softness or tenderness of heart; susceptible of pity or other kindly affection; gentle; meek. — Soft´-heart•ed•ness, n.

Softish
Soft´ish, a. Somewhat soft. De Witt Clinton.

Softling
Soft´ling, n. A soft, effeminate person; a voluptuary. [R.] Bp. Woolton. .

Softly
Soft´ly, adv. In a soft manner.

Softner
Soft´ner, n. See Softener.

Soft-shell
Soft´-shell•

Soft-spoken
Soft´-spo•ken, a. Speaking softly; having a mild or gentle voice; hence, mild; affable.

Soger
So´ger, n. & v. i. Var. of Soldier. [Dial. or Slang] R. H. Dana, Jr.

Soggy
Sog´gy, a. [ Compar. Soggier superl. Soggiest.] [Cf. Icel. söggr damp, wet, or E. soak.] Filled with water; soft with moisture; sodden; soaked; wet; as soggy land or timber.

Soi-disant
Soi•-di•sant´, a. [F.] Calling himself; self-styled; pretended; would-be.

Soi-disant
Soi•-di•sant´, a. [F.; soi one’s self + disant, p. pr. of dire to say.] Self- named; self-styled.

Soil, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Soiled p. pr. & vb. n. Soiling.] [OF. saoler, saouler, to satiate, F. soûler, L. satullare, fr. satullus, dim. of satur sated. See Satire.] To feed, as cattle or horses, in the barn or an inclosure, with fresh grass or green food cut for them, instead of sending them out to pasture; hence (such food having the effect of purging them), to purge by feeding on green food; as to soil a horse.

Soil, n. [OE. soile, F. sol, fr. L. solum bottom, soil; but the word has probably been influenced in form by soil a miry place. Cf. Saloon, Soil a miry place, Sole of the foot.]
1. The upper stratum of the earth; the mold, or that compound substance which furnishes nutriment to plants, or which is particularly adapted to support and nourish them.
2. Land; country.
"Must I thus leave thee, Paradise? thus leave Thee, native soil?" Milton.
3. Dung; faeces; compost; manure; as night soil.
"Improve land by dung and other sort of soils." Mortimer. Soil pipe, a pipe or drain for carrying off night soil.

Soil, v. t. To enrich with soil or muck; to manure.
"Men … soil their ground, not that they love the dirt, but that they expect a crop." South.

Soil, n. [OF. soil, souil, F. souille, from OF. soillier, F. souiller. See Soil to make dirty.] A marshy or miry place to which a hunted boar resorts for refuge; hence, a wet place, stream, or tract of water, sought for by other game, as deer.
"As deer, being stuck, fly through many soils, Yet still the shaft sticks fast." Marston. To take soil, to run into the mire or water; hence, to take refuge or shelter.
"O, sir, have you taken soil here? It is well a man may reach you after three hours’ running." B. Jonson.

Soil, v. t.[OE. soilen, OF. soillier, F. souiller, (assumed) LL. suculare, fr. L. sucula a little pig, dim. of sus a swine. See Sow, n. ]
1. To make dirty or unclean on the surface; to foul; to dirty; to defile; as to soil a garment with dust.
"Our wonted ornaments now soiled and stained." Milton.
2. To stain or mar, as with infamy or disgrace; to tarnish; to sully. Shak.
Syn. — To foul; dirt; dirty; begrime; bemire; bespatter; besmear; daub; bedaub; stain; tarnish; sully; defile; pollute.

Soil, v. i. To become soiled; as light colors soil sooner than dark ones.

Soil, n. [See Soil to make dirty, Soil a miry place.] That which soils or pollutes; a soiled place; spot; stain.
"A lady’s honor … will not bear a soil." Dryden.

Soiliness
Soil´i•ness, n. Stain; foulness. [R.] Bacon.

Soilless
Soil´less, a. Destitute of soil or mold.

Soilure
Soil´ure, n. [OF. soillure, F. souillure. See Soil to make dirty.] Stain; pollution. Shak.
"Then fearing rust or soilure, fashioned for it A case of silk." Tennyson.

Soiree
Soi•ree´, n. [F., fr. soir evening, fr. L. serus late, serum late time. Cf. Serenade.] An evening party; — distinguished from levee, and matinee.

Sojer
So´jer, n. & v. i. Var. of Soldier. [Dial. or Slang] { SolSole }, n. [From hydrosol an aqueous colloidal solution, confused with G. sole, soole, salt water from which salt is obtained.] (Chem.) A fluid mixture of a colloid and a liquid; a liquid colloidal solution or suspension.

Sojourning
So´journ•ing, n. The act or state of one who sojourns.

Sojournment
So´journ•ment, n. Temporary residence, as that of a stranger or a traveler. [R.]

Soke, n.
1. (Eng. Law) See Soc.
2. One of the small territorial divisions into which Lincolnshire, England, is divided.

Sol, n. [L.]
1. The sun.
2. (Alchem.) Gold; — so called from its brilliancy, color, and value. Chaucer.

Sol, n. [It.] (Mus.) (a) A syllable applied in solmization to the note G, or to the fifth tone of any diatonic scale. (b) The tone itself.

Sol, n. [See Sou.]
1. A sou.
2. A silver and gold coin of Peru. The silver sol is the unit of value, and is worth about 68 cents.

Solace
Sol´ace, n. [OF. solas, ssoulaz, L. solacium, solatium, fr. solari to comfort, console. Cf. Console, v. t.]
1. Comfort in grief; alleviation of grief or anxiety; also that which relieves in distress; that which cheers or consoles; relief.
"In business of mirth and of solace." Chaucer.
"The proper solaces of age are not music and compliments, but wisdom and devotion." Rambler.
2. Rest; relaxation; ease. [Obs.]
"To make his steed some solace." Chaucer.
Syn. — Comfort; consolation; alleviation; relief.

Solace
Sol´ace, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Solaced p. pr. & vb. n. Solacing ] [OF. solacier, soulacier, F. solacier, LL. solatiare. See Solace, n. ]
1. To cheer in grief or under calamity; to comfort; to relieve in affliction, solitude, or discomfort; to console; — applied to persons; as to solace one with the hope of future reward.
2. To allay; to assuage; to soothe; as to solace grief.
Syn. — To comfort; assuage; allay. See Comfort.

Solace
Sol´ace, v. i. To take comfort; to be cheered. Shak.

Solacement
Sol´ace•ment, n. The act of solacing, or the state of being solaced; also that which solaces. [R.]

Solacious
So•la´cious, a. [Cf. OF. solacieux.] Affording solace; as a solacious voice. [Obs.] Bale.

Solan goose
So"lan goose [Icel. sla; akin to Norw. sula.] (Zoöl.) The common gannet.

Solanaceous
Sol•a•na´ceous, a. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to plants of the natural order Solanaceae, of which the nightshade ( Solanum) is the type. The order includes also the tobacco, ground cherry, tomato, eggplant, red pepper, and many more.

Soland
So´land, n. (Zoöl.) A solan goose.

Solander
So•lan´der, n. See Sallenders.

Solanicine
So•lan´i•cine, n. [See Solanine.] (Chem.) An alkaloid produced by the action of hydrochloric acid on solanidine, as a tasteless yellow crystalline substance.

Solano
So•la´no, [Sp., fr. L. solanus (sc. ventus), from sol the sun.] A hot, oppressive wind which sometimes blows in the Mediterranean, particularly on the eastern coast of Spain.

Solanoid
Sol´a•noid, a. [ Solanum + -oid.] (Med.) Resembling a potato; — said of a kind of cancer.

Solanum
So•la´num, n. [L., nightshade.] (Bot.) A genus of plants comprehending the potato ( S. tuberosum), the eggplant ( S. melongena, and several hundred other species; nightshade.

Solar
So´lar, n. [OE. soler, AS. solere, L. solarium, from sol the sun. See Solar, a. ] A loft or upper chamber; a garret room. [Obs.] [Written also soler, solere, sollar.] Oxf. Gloss.

Solar
So´lar, a. [L. solaris, fr. sol the sun; akin to As. sol, Icel. sol, Goth. sauil, Lith. saule, W. haul,. sul, Skr. svar, perhaps to E. sun:F. solaire. Cf. Parasol. Sun.]
1. Of or pertaining to the sun; proceeding from the sun; as the solar system; solar light; solar rays; solar influence. See Solar system, below.
2. (Astrol.) Born under the predominant influence of the sun. [Obs.]
"And proud beside, as solar people are." Dryden.
3. Measured by the progress or revolution of the sun in the ecliptic; as the solar year.
4. Produced by the action of the sun, or peculiarly affected by its influence.
"They denominate some herbs solar, and some lunar." Bacon. Solar cycle. See under Cycle. — Solar day. See Day, 2. — Solar engine, an engine in which the energy of solar heat is used to produce motion, as in evaporating water for a steam engine, or expanding air for an air engine. — Solar flowers (Bot.), flowers which open and shut daily at certain hours. — Solar lamp, an argand lamp. — Solar microscope, a microscope consisting essentially, first, of a mirror for reflecting a beam of sunlight through the tube, which sometimes is fixed in a window shutter; secondly, of a condenser, or large lens, for converging the beam upon the object; and, thirdly, of a small lens, or magnifier, for throwing an enlarged image of the object at its focus upon a screen in a dark room or in a darkened box. — Solar month. See under Month. — Solar oil, a paraffin oil used an illuminant and lubricant. — Solar phosphori (Physics), certain substances, as the diamond, siulphide of barium (Bolognese or Bologna phosphorus), calcium sulphide, etc., which become phosphorescent, and shine in the dark, after exposure to sunlight or other intense light. — Solar plexus (Anat.), a nervous plexus situated in the dorsal and anterior part of the abdomen, consisting of several sympathetic ganglia with connecting and radiating nerve fibers; — so called in allusion to the radiating nerve fibers. — Solar spots. See Sun spots, under Sun. — Solar system (Astron.), the sun, with the group of celestial bodies which, held by its attraction, revolve round it. The system comprises the major planets, with their satellites; the minor planets, or asteroids, and the comets; also the meteorids, the matter that furnishes the zodiacal light, and the rings of Saturn. The satellites that revolve about the major planets are twenty-two in number, of which the Earth has one (see Moon.), Mars two, Jupiter five, Saturn nine, Uranus four, and Neptune one. The asteroids, between Mars and Jupiter, thus far discovered (1900), number about five hundred, the first four of which were found near the beginning of the century, and are called Ceres, Pallas Juno, and Vesta. The principal elements of the major planets, and of the comets seen at more than one perihelion passage, are exhibited in the following tables: —

Solar parallax. The parallax of the sun, that is, the angle subtended at the sun by the semidiameter of the earth. It is 8."80, and is the fundamental datum.

Solarium
So•la´ri•um, n. ; pl. Solaria (#). [L. See Solar, n. ]
1. An apartment freely exposed to the sun; anciently, an apartment or inclosure on the roof of a house; in modern times, an apartment in a hospital, used as a resort for convalescents.
2. (Zoöl.) Any one of several species of handsome marine spiral shells of the genus Solarium and allied genera. The shell is conical, and usually has a large, deep umbilicus exposing the upper whorls. Called also perspective shell.

Solarize
So´lar•ize, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Solarized p. pr. & vb. n. Solarizing ] (Photog.) To injure by too long exposure to the light of the sun in the camera; to burn.

Solarize
So´lar•ize, v. i. (Photog.) To become injured by undue or too long exposure to the sun’s rays in the camera.

Solary
So´la•ry, a. Solar. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.

Solas
Sol´as, n. Solace. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Solatium
So•la´ti•um, n. [L. See Solace, n. ] Anything which alleviates or compensates for suffering or loss; a compensation; esp., an additional allowance, as for injured feelings.

Soldanrie
Sol´dan•rie, n. The country ruled by a soldan, or sultan. [Poet.] Sir W. Scott.

Solder
Sol´der, n. [Formerly soder; F. soudure, OF. soudeure, fr. OF. & F. souder to solder, L. solidare to fasten, to make solid. See Solid, and cf. Sawder.] A metal or metallic alloy used when melted for uniting adjacent metallic edges or surfaces; a metallic cement. Hence, anything which unites or cements. Hard solder, a solder which fuses only at a red heat, as one composed of zinc and copper, or silver and copper, etc. — Soft solder, a solder fusible at comparatively low temperatures; as plumbers’ solder, consisting of two parts lead and one part tin, is a soft solder.

Solder
Sol´der, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Soldered p. pr. & vb. n. Soldering.] [Formerly soder. See Solder, n. ]
1. To unite (metallic surfaces or edges) by the intervention of a more fusible metal or metallic alloy applied when melted; to join by means of metallic cement.
2. To mend; to patch up. "To solder up a broken cause." Hooker.

Soldering
Sol´der•ing, a. & n. from Solder, v. t.Soldering iron, Soldering tool, an instrument for soldering, consisting of a bit or bolt of copper having a pointed or wedge-shaped end, and furnished with a handle.

Soldieress
Sol´dier•ess, n. A female soldier. [Obs.]

Soldiering
Sol´dier•ing, n.
1. The act of serving as a soldier; the state of being a soldier; the occupation of a soldier.
2. The act of feigning to work. See the Note under Soldier, v. i., 2. [Colloq. U.S.]

Soldierly
Sol´dier•ly, a. Like or becoming a real soldier; brave; martial; heroic; honorable; soldierlike. "Soldierly discipline." Sir P. Sidney.

Soldiership
Sol´dier•ship, n. Military qualities or state; martial skill; behavior becoming a soldier. [R.] Shak.

Soldierwood
Sol´dier•wood, n. (Bot.) A showy leguminous plant ( Calliandra purpurea) of the West Indies. The flowers have long tassels of purple stamens.

Soldiery
Sol´dier•y, n.
1. A body of soldiers; soldiers, collectivelly; the military.
"A camp of faithful soldiery." Milton.
2. Military service. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.

Soldo
Sol´do, n. ; pl. Soldi (#). [It. See Sou.] A small Italian coin worth a sou or a cent; the twentieth part of a lira.

Solecism
Sol´e•cism, n. [F. solecisme, L. soloecismus, Gr. soloikismo•s, fr. soloiki•zein to speak or write incorrectly, fr. so•loikos speaking incorrectly, from the corruption of the Attic dialect among the Athenian colonists of So•loi in Cilicia.]
1. An impropriety or incongruity of language in the combination of words or parts of a sentence; esp., deviation from the idiom of a language or from the rules of syntax.
"A barbarism may be in one word; a solecism must be of more." Johnson.
2. Any inconsistency, unfitness, absurdity, or impropriety, as in deeds or manners.
"Caesar, by dismissing his guards and retaining his power, committed a dangerous solecism in politics." C. Middleton.
"The idea of having committed the slightest solecism in politeness was agony to him." Sir W. Scott.
Syn. — Barbarism; impropriety; absurdity.

Solecist
Sol´e•cist, n. [Gr. .] One who commits a solecism. Blackwall.

Solecistic
Sol•e•cis´tic, a. Solecistical.

Solecistical
Sol•e•cis´tic•al, a. Pertaining to, or involving, a solecism; incorrect. "He thought it made the language solecistical and absurd." Blackwall.

Solecistically
Sol•e•cis´tic•al•ly, adv. In a solecistic manner.

Solecize
Sol´e•cize, v. i. [Gr. .] To commit a solecism. [R.] Dr. H. More.

Solely
Sole´ly, adv. Singly; alone; only; without another; as to rest a cause solely one argument; to rely solelyn one’s own strength.

Solemn
Sol´emn, a. [OE. solempne, OF. solempne, L. solemnis, solennis, sollemnis, sollennis; sollus all, entire + annus a year; properly, that takes place every year; — used especially of religious solemnities. Cf. Silly, Annual.]
1. Marked with religious rites and pomps; enjoined by, or connected with, religion; sacred.
"His holy rites and solemn feasts profaned." Milton.
"The worship of this image was advanced, and a solemn supplication observed everry year." Bp. Stillingfleet.
2. Pertaining to a festival; festive; festal. [Obs.] "On this solemn day." Chaucer.
3. Stately; ceremonious; grand. [Archaic]
"His feast so solemn and so rich." Chaucer.
"To-night we hold a splemn supper." Shak.
4. Fitted to awaken or express serious reflections; marked by seriousness; serious; grave; devout; as a solemn promise; solemn earnestness.
"Nor wanting power to mitigate and swage With solemn touches troubled thoughts." Milton.
"There reigned a solemn silence over all." Spenser.
5. Real; earnest; downright. [Obs. & R.]
"Frederick, the emperor, … has spared no expense in strengthening this city; since which time we find no solemn taking it by the Turks." Fuller.
6. Affectedly grave or serious; as to put on a solemn face. "A solemn coxcomb." Swift.
7. (Law) Made in form; ceremonious; as solemn war; conforming with all legal requirements; as probate in solemn form. Burrill. Jarman. Greenleaf. Solemn League and Covenant. See Covenant, 2.
Syn. — Grave; formal; ritual; ceremonial; sober; serious; reverential; devotional; devout. See Grave.

Solemnizate
So•lem´ni•zate, v. t. To solemnize; as to solemnizate matrimony. [R.] Bp. Burnet.

Solemnization
Sol•em•ni•za´tion, n. [Cf. F. solemnisation, solennisation.] The act of solemnizing; celebration; as the solemnization of a marriage.

Solemnize
Sol´em•nize, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Solemnized p. pr. & vb. n. Solemnizing ] [Cf. F. solemniser, sollemniser.]
1. To perform with solemn or ritual ceremonies, or according to legal forms.
"Baptism to be administered in one place, and marriage solemnized in another." Hooker.
2. To dignify or honor by ceremonies; to celebrate.
"Their choice nobility and flowers … Met from all parts to solemnize this feast." Milton.
3. To make grave, serious, and reverential.
"Wordsworth was solemnizzed and elevated by this his first look on Yarrow." J. C. Shairp.
"Every Israelite … arose, solemnized his face, looked towards Jerusalem … and prayed." L. Wallace.

Solemnize
Sol´em•nize, n. Solemnization. [R.]
"Though spoused, yet wanting wedlock’s solemnize." Spenser.

Solemnizer
Sol´em•ni•zer, n. One who solemnizes.

Solemnly
Sol´emn•ly, adv. In a solemn manner; with gravity; seriously; formally.
"There in deaf murmurs solemnly are wise." Dryden.
"I do solemnly assure the reader." Swift.

Solemnness
Sol´emn•ness, n. The state or quality of being solemn; solemnity; impressiveness; gravity; as the solemnness of public worship. [Written also solemness.]

Solempne
So•lemp´ne, a. [See Solemn.] Solemn; grand; stately; splendid; magnificent. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Solenaceous
Sol•e•na´ceous, a. (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the solens or family Solenidae.

Soleness
Sole´ness, n. The state of being sole, or alone; singleness. [R.] Chesterfield.

Solenette
Sole•nette´, n. (Zoöl.) A small European sole ( Solea minuta).

Solenoconcha
So•le•no•con´cha, n. pl. [NL. See Solen, and Conch.] (Zoöl.) Same as Scaphopoda.

Solenogastra
So•le•no•gas´tra, n. pl. [NL., from Gr. channel +,, stomach.] (Zoöl.) An order of lowly organized Mollusca belonging to the Isopleura. A narrow groove takes the place of the foot of other gastropods.

Solenoglyph
So•le´no•glyph, a. (Zoöl.) Pertaining to the Selenoglypha. See Ophidia. — n. One of the Selenoglypha.

Solenostomi
So•le•nos´to•mi, n. pl. [NL., from Gr. a channel + a mouth.] (Zoöl.) A tribe of lophobranch fishes having a tubular snout. The female carries the eggs in a ventral pouch.

Soleplate
Sole´plate, n. (Mach.) (a) A bedplate; as the soleplate of a steam engine. (b) The plate forming the back of a waterwheel bucket. { So´ler, So´lere } n. [OE. See Solar, n. ] A loft or garret. See Solar, n. Sir W. Scott.

Solertiousness
So•ler´tious•ness, n. The quality or state of being solert. [Obs.] Bp. Hacket.

Soleship
Sole´ship, n. The state of being sole, or alone; soleness. [R.] Sir E. Dering.

Sol-fa
Sol•-fa´, v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Sol-faed p. pr. & vb. n. Sol-faing.] [It. solfa the gamut, from the syllables fa, sol.] To sing the notes of the gamut, ascending or descending; as do or ut, re, mi, fa, sol, la, si, do, or the same in reverse order.
"Yet can I neither solfe ne sing." Piers Plowman.

Sol-fa
Sol´-fa´, n. The gamut, or musical scale. See Tonic sol-fa, under Tonic, n.

Sol-fa
Sol•-fa´, v. t. To sing to solmization syllables.

Solfanaria
Sol•fa•na´ri•a, n. [It., from solfo sulphur.] A sulphur mine.

Solfatara
Sol•fa•ta´ra, n. [It., from solfo brimstone, sulphur, L. sulfur, E. sulphur.] (Geol.) A volcanic area or vent which yields only sulphur vapors, steam, and the like. It represents the stages of the volcanic activity.

Solfeggiare
Sol•feg•gia´re, v. i.[It.] (Mus.) To sol-fa. See Sol-fa, v. i.

Solferino
Sol•fe•ri´no, n. A brilliant deep pink color with a purplish tinge, one of the dyes derived from aniline; — so called from Solferino in Italy, where a battle was fought about the time of its discovery.

Soli
So´li, n. , pl. of Solo.

Solicitate
So•lic´it•ate, a. Solicitous. [Obs.] Eden.

Solicitation
So•lic•i•ta´tion, n. [F. sollicitation, or L. sollicitatio.]
1. The act of soliciting; earnest request; persistent asking; importunity.
2. Excitement; invitation; as the solicitation of the senses. Locke.

Solicitor
So•lic´it•or, n. [F. solliciteur, L. sollicitator.]
1. One who solicits.
2. (Law) (a) An attorney or advocate; one who represents another in court; — formerly, in English practice, the professional designation of a person admitted to practice in a court of chancery or equity. See the Note under Attorney. (b) The law officer of a city, town, department, or government; as the city solicitor; the solicitor of the treasury.

Solicitous
So•lic´it•ous, a. [L. sollicitus, solicitus. See Solicit, v. t.] Disposed to solicit; eager to obtain something desirable, or to avoid anything evil; concerned; anxious; careful. "Solicitous of my reputation." Dryden. "He was solicitous for his advice." Calerendon.
"Enjoy the present, whatsoever it be, and be not solicitous about the future." Jer. Taylor.
"The colonel had been intent upon other things, and not enough solicitous to finish the fortifications." Clarendon. — So•lic´it•ous•ly, adv. — So•lic´it•ous•ness, n.

Solicitude
So•lic´i•tude, n. [F. sollicitude,r L. sollicitudo.] The state of being solicitous; uneasiness of mind occasioned by fear of evil or desire good; anxiety.
"The many cares and great labors of worldly men, their solicitude and outward shows." Sir W. Raleigh.
"The mother looked at her with fond solicitude." G. W. Cable.
Syn. — Carefulness; concern; anxiety. See Care.

Solidare
Sol´i•dare, n. [LL. solidus. Cf. Sou.] A small piece of money. [Obs.] Shak.

Solidate
Sol´i•date, v. t. [L. solidatus, p. p. of solidare. See Solder.] To make solid or firm. [Obs.] Cowley.

Solidifiable
So•lid´i•fi•a•ble, a. Capable of being solidified.

Solidification
So•lid•i•fi•ca´tion, n. [Cf. F. solidification.] Act of solidifying, or state of being solidified.

Solidify
So•lid´i•fy, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Solidified p. pr. & vb. n. Solidifying ] [ Solid + -fy: cf. F. solidifier.] To make solid or compact.
"Every machine is a solidified mechanical theorem." H. Spencer.

Solidify
So•lid´i•fy, v. i. To become solid; to harden.

Solidism
Sol´id•ism, n. (Med.) The doctrine that refers all diseases to morbid changes of the solid parts of the body. It rests on the view that the solids alone are endowed with vital properties, and can receive the impression of agents tending to produce disease.

Solidist
Sol´id•ist, n. (Med.) An advocate of, or believer in, solidism. Dunglison.

Solidity
So•lid´i•ty, n. [L. soliditas: cf. F. solidite.]
1. The state or quality of being solid; density; consistency, — opposed to fluidity; compactness; fullness of matter, — opposed to openness or hollowness; strength; soundness, — opposed to weakness or instability; the primary quality or affection of matter by which its particles exclude or resist all others; hardness; massiveness.
"That which hinders the approach of two bodies when they are moving one toward another, I call solidity." Locke.
2. Moral firmness; soundness; strength; validity; truth; certainty; — as opposed to weakness or fallaciousness; as the solidity of arguments or reasoning; the solidity of principles, triuths, or opinions.
3. (Geom.) The solid contents of a body; volume; amount of inclosed space.
Syn. — Firmness; solidness; hardness; density; compactness; strength; soundness; validity; certainty.

Solidly
Sol´id•ly, adv. In a solid manner; densely; compactly; firmly; truly.

Solidness
Sol´id•ness, n.
1. State or quality of being solid; firmness; compactness; solidity, as of material bodies.
2. Soundness; strength; truth; validity, as of arguments, reasons, principles, and the like.

Solidungula
Sol•id•un´gu•la, n. pl. [NL., from L. solidus solid + ungula a hoof.] (Zoöl.) A tribe of ungulates which includes the horse, ass, and related species, constituting the family Equidae.

Solidungular
Sol•id•un´gu•lar, a. (Zoöl.) Solipedous.

Solidungulate
Sol•id•un´gu•late, n. [ Solid + ungulate.] (Zool.) Same as Soliped.

Solifidian
Sol•i•fid´i•an, n. [L. solus alone + fides faith.] (Eccl.) One who maintains that faith alone, without works, is sufficient for justification; — opposed to nullifidian. Hammond.

Solifidian
Sol•i•fid´i•an, a. Holding the tenets of Solifidians; of or pertaining to the solifidians.

Solifidianism
Sol•i•fid´i•an•ism, n. The state of Solifidians.

Soliform
Sol´i•form, a. [L. sol sun + -form.] Like the sun in form, appearance, or nature; resembling the sun. [R.] "Soliform things." Cudworth.

Solifugae
So•lif´u•gae, n. pl. [NL., from L. solifuga (better solipuga), a kind of venomous ant, or spider.] (Zoöl.) A division of arachnids having large, powerful fangs and a segmented abdomen; — called also Solpugidea, and Solpugides.

Soliloquize
So•lil´o•quize, v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Soliloquized (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Soliloquizing (#).] To utter a soliloquy; to talk to one’s self.

Solipsism
So•lip´sism, n. [L. solus alone + ipse self.]
1. (Ethics) Egotism. Krauth-Fleming.
2. (Metaph.) Egoism. Krauth- Fleming.

Solisequious
Sol•i•se´qui•ous, a. [L. sol sun + sequi to follow.] Following the course of the sun; as solisequious plants. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

Solitaire
Sol•i•taire´, n. [F. See Solitary.]
1. A person who lives in solitude; a recluse; a hermit. Pope.
2. A single diamond in a setting; also sometimes, a precious stone of any kind set alone.
"Diamond solitaires blazing on his breast and wrists." Mrs. R. H. Davis.
3. A game which one person can play alone; — applied to many games of cards, etc.; also to a game played on a board with pegs or balls, in which the object is, beginning with all the places filled except one, to remove all but one of the pieces by "jumping," as in draughts.
4. (Zoöl.) (a) A large extinct bird ( Pezophaps solitaria) which formerly inhabited the islands of Mauritius and Rodrigeuz. It was larger and taller than the wild turkey. Its wings were too small for flight. Called also solitary. (b) Any species of American thrushlike birds of the genus Myadestes. They are noted their sweet songs and retiring habits. Called also fly-catching thrush. A West Indian species ( Myadestes sibilans) is called the invisible bird.

Solitarily
Sol´i•ta•ri•ly, adv. In a solitary manner; in solitude; alone. Mic. vii. 14.

Solitariness
Sol´i•ta•ri•ness, n. Condition of being solitary.

Solitary
Sol´i•ta•ry, a. [L. solitarius, fr. solus alone: cf. F. solitaire. See Sole, a. , and cf. Solitaire.]
1. Living or being by one’s self; having no companion present; being without associates; single; alone; lonely.
"Those rare and solitary, these in flocks." Milton.
"Hie home unto my chamber, Where thou shalt find me, sad and solitary." Shak.
2. Performed, passed, or endured alone; as a solitary journey; a solitary life.
"Satan … explores his solitary flight." Milton.
3. Not much visited or frequented; remote from society; retired; lonely; as a solitary residence or place.
4. Not inhabited or occupied; without signs of inhabitants or occupation; desolate; deserted; silent; still; hence, gloomy; dismal; as the solitary desert.
"How doth the city sit solitary, that was full of people." Lam. i. 1.
"Let that night be solitary; let no joyful voice come therein." Job iii. 7.
5. Single; individual; sole; as a solitary instance of vengeance; a solitary example.
6. (Bot.) Not associated with others of the same kind. Solitary ant (Zoöl.), any solitary hymenopterous insect of the family Mutillidae. The female of these insects is destitute of wings and has a powerful sting. The male is winged and resembles a wasp. Called also spider ant. — Solitary bee (Zoöl.), any species of bee which does not form communities. — Solitary sandpiper (Zoöl.), an American tattler ( Totanus solitarius). — Solitary snipe (Zoöl.), the great snipe. [Prov. Eng.] — Solitary thrush (Zoöl.) the starling. [Prov. Eng.]

Solitary
Sol´i•ta•ry, n. One who lives alone, or in solitude; an anchoret; a hermit; a recluse.

Solitude
Sol´i•tude, n. [F., from L. solitudo, solus alone. See Sole, a. ]
1. state of being alone, or withdrawn from society; a lonely life; loneliness.
"Whosoever is delighted with solitude is either a wild beast or a god." Bacon.
"O Solitude! where are the charms That sages have seen in thy face?" Cowper.
2. Remoteness from society; destitution of company; seclusion; — said of places; as the solitude of a wood.
"The solitude of his little parish is become matter of great comfort to him." Law.
3. solitary or lonely place; a desert or wilderness.
"In these deep solitudes and awful cells Where heavenly pensive contemplation dwells." Pope.
Syn. Loneliness; soitariness; loneness; retiredness; recluseness. — Solitude, Retirement, Seclusion, Loneliness. Retirement is a withdrawal from general society, implying that a person has been engaged in its scenes. Solitude describes the fact that a person is alone; seclusion, that he is shut out from others, usually by his own choice; loneliness, that he feels the pain and oppression of being alone. Hence, retirement is opposed to a gay, active, or public life; solitude, to society; seclusion, to freedom of access on the part of others; and loneliness, enjoyment of that society which the heart demands.
"O blest retirement, friend to life’s decline." Goldsmith.
"Such only can enjoy the country who are capable of thinking when they are there; then they are prepared for solitude; and in that [the country] solitude is prepared for them." Dryden.
"It is a place of seclusion from the external world." Bp. Horsley.
"These evils … seem likely to reduce it [a city] ere long to the loneliness and the insignificance of a village." Eustace.

Solivagous
So•liv´a•gous, a. [L. solivagus.] Solivagant.

Sollar
Sol´lar, n.
1. See Solar, n. [Obs.]
2. (Mining) A platform in a shaft, especially one of those between the series of ladders in a shaft.

Sollar
Sol´lar, v. t. To cover, or provide with, a sollar.

Sollein
Sol´lein, a. Sullen; sad. [Obs.] Spenser.

Solleret
Sol•ler•et´, n. [F. soleretim. fr. OF. soler shoe.] A flexible steel shoe (or one of the plates forming such a shoe), worn with mediaeval armor.

Solmization
Sol•mi•za´tion, n. [F. solmisation, fr. solmiser to sol-fa; — called from the musical notes sol, mi. See Sol-fa.] (Mus.) The act of sol-faing. [Written also solmisation.] This art was practiced by the Greeks; but six of the seven syllables now in use are generally attributed to Guido d’ Arezzo, an Italian monk of the eleventh century, who is said to have taken them from the first syllables of the first six lines of the following stanza of a monkish hymn to St. John the Baptist. —
"Ut queant laxis Resonare fibris Mira gestorum Famuli tuorum Solve polluti Labii reatum, Sancte Joannes." Professor Skeat says the name of the seventh note, si, was also formed by him [Guido] from the initials of the two words of the last line; but this is disputed, Littre attributing the first use of it to Anselm of Flanders long afterwards. The syllable do is often substituted for ut.

Solo whist. A card game played with the full pack ranking as at whist, each player declaring for which of seven different points he proposes to play.

Soloist
So´lo•ist, n. (Mus.) One who sings or plays a solo.

Solomon
Sol´o•mon, n. One of the kings of Israel, noted for his superior wisdom and magnificent reign; hence, a very wise man. — Sol•o•mon´ic (#), a. Solomon’s seal (Bot.), a perennial liliaceous plant of the genus Polygonatum, having simple erect or curving stems rising from thick and knotted rootstocks, and with white or greenish nodding flowers. The commonest European species is Polygonatum multiflorum. P. biflorum and P. giganteum are common in the Eastern United States. See Illust. of Rootstock. — False Solomon’s seal (Bot.), any plant of the liliaceous genus Smilacina having small whitish flowers in terminal racemes or panicles.

Solon
So´lon, n. A celebrated Athenian lawmaker, born about 638 b. c.; hence, a legislator; a publicist; — often used ironically.

Solpugidea
Sol•pu•gid´e•a, n. pl. [NL. See Solifugae.] (Zoöl.) Same as Solifugae.

Solubility
Sol•u•bil´i•ty, n. [Cf. F. solubilite.]
1. The quality, condition, or degree of being soluble or solvable; as the solubility of a salt; the solubility of a problem or intricate difficulty.
2. (Bot.) The tendency to separate readily into parts by spurious articulations, as the pods of tick trefoil.

Soluble
Sol´u•ble, a. [L. solubilis, fr. solvere, solutum, to loosen, to dissolve: cf. F. soluble. See Solve, and cf. Solvable.]
1. Susceptible of being dissolved in a fluid; capable of solution; as some substances are soluble in alcohol which are not soluble in water.
"Sugar is … soluble in water and fusible in fire." Arbuthnot.
2. Susceptible of being solved; as a soluble algebraic problem; susceptible of being disentangled, unraveled, or explained; as the mystery is perhaps soluble. "More soluble is this knot." Tennyson.
3. Relaxed; open or readily opened. [R.] "The bowels must be kept soluble." Dunglison. Soluble glass. (Chem.) See under Glass.

Solute
So•lute´, a. [L. solutus, p. p. of solvere to loosen. See Solve.]
1. Loose; free; liberal; as a solute interpretation. [Obs.] Bacon.
2. Relaxed; hence; merry; cheerful. [R.]
"A brow solute, and ever-laughing eye." Young.
3. Soluble; as a solute salt. [Obs.]
4. (Bot.) Not adhering; loose; — opposed to adnate; as a solute stipule.

Solute
So•lute´, v. t.
1. To dissolve; to resolve. [Obs.]
2. To absolve; as to solute sin. [Obs.] Bale.

Solution
So•lu´tion (so•lu"shun), n. [OE. solucion, OF. solucion, F. solution, fr. L. solutio, fr. solvere, solutum, to loosen, dissolve. See Solve.]
1. The act of separating the parts of any body, or the condition of undergoing a separation of parts; disruption; breach.
"In all bodies there is an appetite of union and evitation of solution of continuity." Bacon.
2. The act of solving, or the state of being solved; the disentanglement of any intricate problem or difficult question; explanation; clearing up; — used especially in mathematics, either of the process of solving an equation or problem, or the result of the process.
3. The state of being dissolved or disintegrated; resolution; disintegration.
"It is unquestionably an enterprise of more promise to assail the nations in their hour of faintness and solution, than at a time when magnificent and seductive systems of worship were at their height of energy and splendor." I. Taylor.
4. (Chem.Phys.) The act or process by which a body (whether solid, liquid, or gaseous) is absorbed into a liquid, and, remaining or becoming fluid, is diffused throughout the solvent; also the product resulting from such absorption. When a solvent will not take in any more of a substance the solution is said to be saturated. Solution is of two kinds; viz.: ( a) Mechanical solution, in which no marked chemical change takes place, and in which, in the case of solids, the dissolved body can be regained by evaporation, as in the solution of salt or sugar in water. ( b) Chemical solution, in which there is involved a decided chemical change, as when limestone or zinc undergoes solution in hydrochloric acid. Mechanical solution is regarded as a form of molecular or atomic attraction, and is probably occasioned by the formation of certain very weak and unstable compounds which are easily dissociated and pass into new and similar compounds. This word is not used in chemistry or mineralogy for fusion, or the melting of bodies by the heat of fire.
5. Release; deliverance; discharge. [Obs.] Barrow.
6. (Med.) (a) The termination of a disease; resolution. (b) A crisis. (c) A liquid medicine or preparation (usually aqueous) in which the solid ingredients are wholly soluble. U. S. Disp.Fehling’s solution (Chem.), a standardized solution of cupric hydrate in sodium potassium tartrate, used as a means of determining the reducing power of certain sugars and sirups by the amount of red cuprous oxide thrown down. — Heavy solution (Min.), a liquid of high density, as a solution of mercuric iodide in potassium iodide (called the Sonstadt or Thoulet solution) having a maximum specific gravity of 3.2, or of borotungstate of cadmium ( Klein solution, specific gravity 3.6), and the like. Such solutions are much used in determining the specific gravities of minerals, and in separating them when mechanically mixed as in a pulverized rock. — Nessler’s solution. See Nesslerize. — Solution of continuity, the separation of connection, or of connected substances or parts; — applied, in surgery, to a fracture, laceration, or the like. "As in the natural body a wound, or solution of continuity, is worse than a corrupt humor, so in the spiritual." Bacon. — Standardized solution (Chem.), a solution which is used as a reagent, and is of a known and standard strength; specifically, a normal solution, containing in each cubic centimeter as many milligrams of the element in question as the number representing its atomic weight; thus, a normal solution of silver nitrate would contain 107.7 mgr. of silver in each cubic centimeter.

Solvability
Solv•a•bil´i•ty, n. [F. solvabilite.]
1. The quality or state of being solvable; as the solvability of a difficulty; the solvability of a problem.
2. The condition of being solvent; ability to pay all just debts; solvency; as the solvability of a merchant.

Solvable
Solv´a•ble, a. [F. solvable. See Solve, and cf. Soluble, Solvible.]
1. Susceptible of being solved, resolved, or explained; admitting of solution.
2. Capable of being paid and discharged; as solvable obligations. Tooke.
3. Able to pay one’s debts; solvent. [Obs.] Fuller.

Solve (solv), v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Solved (solvd); p. pr. & vb. n. Solving.] [L. solvere, solutum; from a prefix so- expressing separation (cf. Sober) + luere to loosen; cf. OF. soldre, soudre. See Loose, and cf. Absolve.] To explain; to resolve; to unfold; to clear up (what is obscure or difficult to be understood); to work out to a result or conclusion; as to solve a doubt; to solve difficulties; to solve a problem.
"True piety would effectually solve such scruples." South.
"God shall solve the dark decrees of fate." Tickell.
Syn. — To explain; resolve; unfold; clear up.

Solve, n. A solution; an explanation. [Obs.] Shak.

Solvency
Sol´ven•cy (sol"v en•sy), n. [See Solvent.] The quality or state of being solvent.

Solver
Sol´ver (solv"er), n. One who, or that which, solves.

Solvible
Solv´i•ble (-i•b’l), a. See Solvable.

Soma
So´ma (so"ma), n. [NL., fr. Gr. sw^ma, sw•matos, the body.] (Anat.) The whole axial portion of an animal, including the head, neck, trunk, and tail. B. G. Wilder. { So´maj´ (so•mäj"), Sa•maj´ (sa•mäj") }, n. A society; a congregation, a worshiping assembly, or church, esp. of the Brahmo- somaj. [India] { So•ma´li (so•mä"le), So•mal´ (so•mäl") }, n. (Ethnol.) A Hamitic people of East Central Africa.

Somatic
So•mat´ic (so•mat"ik), a. [Gr. swmatiko•s, fr. sw^ma the body.]
1. Of or pertaining to the body as a whole; corporeal; as somatic death; somatic changes.
2. Of or pertaining to the wall of the body; somatopleuric; parietal; as the somatic stalk of the yolk sac of an embryo. Somatic death. See the Note under Death, n. , 1.

Somatics
So•mat´ics, n. The science which treats of the general properties of matter; somatology.

Somatist
So´ma•tist, n. One who admits the existence of material beings only; a materialist. Glanvill.

Somatocyst
So´ma•to•cyst, n. [Gr. sw^ma, sw•matos, body + ky•stis a bladder.] (Zoöl.) A cavity in the primary nectocalyx of certain Siphonophora. See Illust. under Nectocalyx.

Somatome
So´ma•tome, n. [Gr. sw^ma, body + te•mnein to cut.] (Anat. & Zoöl.) See Somite.

Somatotropism
So•ma•tot´ro•pism, n. [Gr. sw^ma, sw•matos, the body + tre•pein to turn.] (Physiol.) A directive influence exercised by a mass of matter upon growing organs. Encyc. Brit. { Som´ber, Som´bre } ( 277), a. [F. sombre; cf. Sp. sombra, shade, prob. from LL. subumbrare to put in the shade; L. sub under + umbra shade. See Umbrage.]
1. Dull; dusky; somewhat dark; gloomy; as a somber forest; a somber house.
2. Melancholy; sad; grave; depressing; as a somber person; somber reflections.
"The dinner was silent and somber; happily it was also short." Beaconsfield. { Som´ber, Som´bre }, v. t. To make somber, or dark; to make shady. [R.] { Som´ber, Som´bre }, n. Gloom; obscurity; duskiness; somberness. [Obs.] { Som´ber•ly, Som´bre•ly }, adv. In a somber manner; sombrously; gloomily; despondingly. { Som´ber•ness, Som´bre•ness }, n. The quality or state of being somber; gloominess.

Some (sum), a. [OE. som, sum, AS. sum; akin to OS., OFries., & OHG. sum, OD. som, D. sommig, Icel. sumr, Dan. somme (pl.), Sw. somlige (pl.), Goth. sums, and E. same. rad.191. See Same, a. , and cf. -some.]
1. Consisting of a greater or less portion or sum; composed of a quantity or number which is not stated; — used to express an indefinite quantity or number; as some wine; some water; some persons. Used also pronominally; as I have some.
"Some theoretical writers allege that there was a time when there was no such thing as society." Blackstone.
2. A certain; one; — indicating a person, thing, event, etc., as not known individually, or designated more specifically; as some man, that is, some one man. "Some brighter clime." Mrs. Barbauld.
"Some man praiseth his neighbor by a wicked intent." Chaucer.
"Most gentlemen of property, at some period or other of their lives, are ambitious of representing their county in Parliament." Blackstone.
3. Not much; a little; moderate; as the censure was to some extent just.
4. About; near; more or less; — used commonly with numerals, but formerly also with a singular substantive of time or distance; as a village of some eighty houses; some two or three persons; some hour hence. Shak.
"The number slain on the rebel’s part were some two thousand." Bacon.
5. Considerable in number or quantity. "Bore us some leagues to sea." Shak.
"On its outer point, some miles away. The lighthouse lifts its massive masonry." Longfellow.
6. Certain; those of one part or portion; — in distinction from other or others; as some men believe one thing, and others another.
"Some [seeds] fell among thorns; … but other fell into good ground." Matt. xiii. 7, 8.
7. A part; a portion; — used pronominally, and followed sometimes by of; as some of our provisions.
"Your edicts some reclaim from sins, But most your life and blest example wins." Dryden. All and some, one and all. See under All, adv. [Obs.] The illiterate in the United States and Scotland often use some as an adverb, instead of somewhat, or an equivalent expression; as I am some tired; he is some better; it rains some, etc. Some … some, one part … another part; these … those; — used distributively.
"Some to the shores do fly, Some to the woods, or whither fear advised." Daniel. Formerly used also of single persons or things: this one … that one; one … another.
"Some in his bed, some in the deep sea." Chaucer.

Somedeal
Some´deal (-del•), adv. In some degree; somewhat. [Written also sumdel, sumdeale, and sumdele.] [Obs.] "She was somedeal deaf." Chaucer.
"Thou lackest somedeal their delight." Spenser.

Somehow
Some´how (-hou•), adv. In one way or another; in some way not yet known or designated; by some means; as the thing must be done somehow; he lives somehow.
"By their action upon one another they may be swelled somehow, so as to shorten the length." Cheyne. The indefiniteness of somehow is emphasized by the addition of or other.
"Although youngest of the familly, he has somehow or other got the entire management of all the others." Sir W. Scott. { Som´er•sault, Som´er•set }, n. [F. soubresaut a jump, leap, OF. soubresault, It. soprassalto an overleap, fr. L. supra over + saltus a leap, fr. salire to leap; or the French may be from Sp. sobresalto a sudden asault, a surprise. See Supra, and Salient.] A leap in which a person turns his heels over his head and lights upon his feet; a turning end over end. [Written also summersault, sommerset, summerset, etc.] "The vaulter’s sombersalts." Donne.
"Now I’ll only Make him break his neck in doing a sommerset." Beau. & Fl.

Sometime
Some´time, adv.
1. At a past time indefinitely referred to; once; formerly.
"Did they not sometime cry "All hail" to me?" Shak.
2. At a time undefined; once in a while; now and then; sometimes.
"Sometime we see a cloud that’s dragonish, A vapor sometime like a bear or lion." Shak.
3. At one time or other hereafter; as I will do it sometime. "Sometime he reckon shall." Chaucer.

Sometime
Some´time (sum"tim•), a. Having been formerly; former; late; whilom.
"Our sometime sister, now our queen." Shak.
"Ion, our sometime darling, whom we prized." Talfourd.

Sometimes
Some´times, adv. [ Sometime + adverbial ending -s, as in -wards.]
1. Formerly; sometime. [Obs.]
"That fair and warlike form In which the majesty of buried Denmark Did sometimes march." Shak.
2. At times; at intervals; not always; now and then; occasionally.
"It is good that we sometimes be contradicted." Jer. Taylor.Sometimes … sometimes, at certain times … at certain other times; as sometimes he is earnest, sometimes he is frivolous.

Sometimes
Some´times, a. Former; sometime. [Obs.]
"Thy sometimes brother’s wife." Shak.

Somewhat
Some´what, n.
1. More or less; a certain quantity or degree; a part, more or less; something.
"These salts have somewhat of a nitrous taste." Grew.
"Somewhat of his good sense will suffer, in this transfusion, and much of the beauty of his thoughts will be lost." Dryden.
2. A person or thing of importance; a somebody.
"Here come those that worship me. They think that I am somewhat." Tennyson.

Somewhat
Some´what, adv. In some degree or measure; a little.
"His giantship is gone, somewhat crestfallen." Milton.
"Somewhat back from the village street." Longfellow.

Somewhen
Some´when, adv. At some indefinite time. [R.]

Somewhere
Some´where, adv. In some place unknown or not specified; in one place or another. "Somewhere nigh at hand." Milton.

Somewhile
Some´while, adv. Once; for a time.
"Though, under color of shepherds, somewhile There crept in wolves, full of fraud and guile." Spenser.

Somewhither
Some´whith•er, adv. To some indeterminate place; to some place or other.
"Driven by the winds of temptation somewhither." Barrow.

Somite
So´mite (so"mit), n. [Gr. sw^ma body.] (Anat. & Zoöl.) One of the actual or ideal serial segments of which an animal, esp. an articulate or vertebrate, is composed; somatome; metamere. — So•mit•ic (#), a.

Sommeil
Som•meil´, n. [F.] Slumber; sleep.

Sommerset
Som´mer•set, n. See Somersault.

Somnambulate
Som•nam´bu•late, v. i. & t. To walk when asleep.

Somnambulation
Som•nam•bu•la´tion, n. [L. somnus sleep + ambulatio a walking about, from ambulare to walk. See Somnolent, Amble.] The act of walking in sleep.

Somnambule
Som•nam´bule, n. [F.] A somnambulist.

Somnambulic
Som•nam´bu•lic, a. Somnambulistic.

Somnambulism
Som•nam´bu•lism, n. [Cf. F. somnambulisme. See Somnambulation.] A condition of the nervous system in which an individual during sleep performs actions appropriate to the waking state; a state of sleep in which some of the senses and voluntary powers are partially awake; noctambulism.

Somnambulistic
Som•nam•bu•lis´tic, a. Of or pertaining to a somnambulist or somnambulism; affected by somnambulism; appropriate to the state of a somnambulist.
"Whether this was an intentional and waking departure, or a somnambulistic leave-taking and walking in her sleep, may remain a subject of contention." Dickens.

Somne
Som´ne, v. t. To summon. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Somner
Som´ner, n. A summoner; esp., one who summons to an ecclesiastical court. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

Somnial
Som´ni•al, a. [L. somnialis dream bringing, fr. somnium dream, fr. somnus sleep.] Of or pertaining to sleep or dreams.
"The somnial magic superinduced on, without suspending, the active powers of the mind." Coleridge.

Somniative
Som´ni•a•tive, a. Somnial; somniatory. [R.]

Somniatory
Som´ni•a•to•ry, a. Pertaining to sleep or dreams; somnial. [Obs. or R.] Urquhart.

Somniculous
Som•nic´u•lous, a. [L. somniculosus.] Inclined to sleep; drowsy; sleepy. [Obs.]

Somniferous
Som•nif´er•ous, a. [L. somnifer; somnus sleep + ferre to bring.] Causing or inducing sleep; soporific; dormitive; as a somniferous potion. Walton.

Somnific
Som•nif´ic, a. [L. somnificus; somnus sleep + facere to make.] Causing sleep; somniferous.

Somnifugous
Som•nif´u•gous, a. [L. somnus sleep + fugare to put to flight.] Driving away sleep. [Obs.]

Somniloquence
Som•nil´o•quence, n. The act of talking in one’s sleep; somniloquism.

Somniloquism
Som•nil´o•quism, n. The act or habit of talking in one’s sleep; somniloquy. Coleridge.

Somniloquist
Som•nil´o•quist, n. One who talks in his sleep.

Somniloquous
Som•nil´o•quous, a. [L. somnus sleep + loqui to speak.] Apt to talk in sleep.

Somniloquy
Som•nil´o•quy, n. A talking in sleep; the talking of one in a state of somnipathy. [R.] Coleridge.

Somnipathist
Som•nip´a•thist, n. A person in a state of somniapathy.

Somnipathy
Som•nip´a•thy, n. [L. somnus sleep + Gr. a suffering of the body, fr.,, to suffer.] Sleep from sympathy, or produced by mesmerism or the like. [Written also somnopathy.] { Som´no•lence, Som´no•len•cy }, n. [L. somnolentia: cf. F. somnolence.] Sleepiness; drowsiness; inclination to sleep.

Somnolent
Som´no•lent, a. [F. somnolent, L. somnolentus, from somnus sleep, akin to Gr., Skr. svapna sleep, dream, svap to sleep, Icel. sofa, AS. swefn sleep. Cf. Hypnotic, Somnambulism, Soporific.] Sleepy; drowsy; inclined to sleep. — Som´no•lent•ly, adv.
"He had no eye for such phenomena, because he had a somnolent want of interest in them." De Quincey.

Somnopathy
Som•nop´a•thy, n. Somnipathy.

Somnour
Som´nour, n. A summoner; an apparitor; a sompnour. [Obs.] Piers Plowman. { Som´on•aunce, Som´once }, n. [See Summon, Summons.] A summons; a citation. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Sompne
Somp´ne, v. t. To summon; to cite. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Sompnour
Somp´nour, n. A summoner. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Son, n. [OE. sone, sune, AS. sunu; akin to D. zoon, OS., OFries., & OHG. sunu, G. sohn, Icel. sonr, Sw. son, Dan. sön, Goth. sunus, Lith. sunus, Russ. suin’, Skr. sunu (from su to beget, to bear), and Gr. son. rad.293. Cf. Sow, n. ]
1. A male child; the male issue, or offspring, of a parent, father or mother.
"Sarah conceived, and bare Abraham a son." Gen. xxi. 2.
2. A male descendant, however distant; hence, in the plural, descendants in general.
"I am the son of the wise, the son of ancient kings." Isa. xix. 11.
"I am the Lord, I change not; therefore ye sons of Jacob are not consumed." Mal. iii. 6.
3. Any young male person spoken of as a child; an adopted male child; a pupil, ward, or any other young male dependent.
"The child grew, and she brought him unto Pharaoh’s daughter, and he became her son." Ex. ii. 10.
"Be plain, good son, and homely in thy drift." Shak.
4. A native or inhabitant of some specified place; as sons of Albion; sons of New England.
5. The produce of anything.
"Earth’s tall sons, the cedar, oak, and pine." Blackmore.
6. (Commonly with the def. article) Jesus Christ, the Savior; — called the Son of God, and the Son of man.
"We … do testify that the Father sent the Son to be the Savior of the world." 1 John iv. 14.
"Who gave His Son sure all has given." Keble. The expressions son of pride, sons of light, son of Belial, are Hebraisms, which denote persons possessing the qualitites of pride, of light, or of Belial, as children inherit the qualities of their ancestors. Sons of the prophets. See School of the prophets, under Prophet.

Sonant
So´nant, a. [L. sonans, - antis, p. pr. of sonare to sound. See Sound a noise.]
1. Of or pertaining to sound; sounding.
2. (Phonetics) Uttered, as an element of speech, with tone or proper vocal sound, as distinguished from mere breath sound; intonated; voiced; vocal; tonic; the opposite of nonvocal, or surd; — said of the vowels, semivowels, liquids, and nasals, and particularly of the consonants b, d, g hard, v, etc., as compared with their cognates p, t, k, f, etc., which are called nonvocal, surd, or aspirate. — n. A sonant letter.

Song (song; 115), n. [AS. song, sang, fr. singan to sing; akin to D. zang, G. sang, Icel. söngr, Goth. saggws. See Sing.]
1. That which is sung or uttered with musical modulations of the voice, whether of a human being or of a bird, insect, etc. "That most ethereal of all sounds, the song of crickets." Hawthorne.
2. A lyrical poem adapted to vocal music; a ballad.
3. More generally, any poetical strain; a poem.
"The bard that first adorned our native tongue Tuned to his British lyre this ancient song." Dryden.
4. Poetical composition; poetry; verse.
"This subject for heroic song." Milton.
5. An object of derision; a laughingstock.
"And now am I their song, yea, I am their byword." Job xxx. 9.
6. A trifle. "The soldier’s pay is a song." Silliman. Old song, a trifle; nothing of value. "I do not intend to be thus put off with an old song." Dr. H. More. — Song bird (Zoöl.), any singing bird; one of the Oscines. — Song sparrow (Zoöl.), a very common North American sparrow ( Melospiza fasciata, or M. melodia) noted for the sweetness of its song in early spring. Its breast is covered with dusky brown streaks which form a blotch in the center. — Song thrush (Zoöl.), a common European thrush ( Turdus musicus), noted for its melodius song; — called also mavis, throstle, and thrasher.
Syn. — Sonnet; ballad; canticle; carol; canzonet; ditty; hymn; descant; lay; strain; poesy; verse.

Songful
Song´ful (-ful), a. Disposed to sing; full of song.

Songish
Song´ish, a. Consisting of songs. [R.] Dryden.

Songless
Song´less, a. Destitute of the power of song; without song; as songless birds; songless woods.

Songster
Song´ster (-ster), n. [AS. sangestre a female singer.]
1. One who sings; one skilled in singing; — not often applied to human beings.
2. (Zoöl.) A singing bird.

Songstress
Song´stress, n. [See Songster, and -ess.] A woman who sings; also a female singing bird. Thomson.

Sonification
Son•i•fi•ca´tion, n. [L. sonus sound + -ficare (in comp.) to make. See - fy.] The act of producing sound, as the stridulation of insects.

Sonless
Son´less, a. Being without a son. Marston.
"As no baron who was sonless could give a husband to his daughter, save with his lord’s consent." J. R. Green.

Sonnet
Son´net, n. [F., fr. It. sonetto, fr. suono a sound, a song, fr. L. sonus a sound. See Sound noise.]
1. A short poem, — usually amatory. [Obs.] Shak.
"He had a wonderful desire to chant a sonnet or hymn unto Apollo Pythius." Holland.
2. A poem of fourteen lines, — two stanzas called the octave, being of four verses each, and two stanzas called the sestet, of three verses each, the rhymes being adjusted by a particular rule. In the proper sonnet each line has five accents, and the octave has but two rhymes, the second, third, sixth, and seventh lines being of one rhyme, and the first, fourth, fifth, and eighth being of another. In the sestet there are sometimes two and sometimes three rhymes; but in some way its two stazas rhyme together. Often the three lines of the first stanza rhyme severally with the three lines of the second. In Shakespeare’s sonnets, the first twelve lines are rhymed alternately, and the last two rhyme together.

Sonnet
Son´net, v. i. To compose sonnets. "Strains that come almost to sonneting." Milton.

Sonneteer
Son•net•eer´, n. A composer of sonnets, or small poems; a small poet; — usually in contempt.
"What woful stuff this madrigal would be In some starved hackney sonneteer or me!" Pope.

Sonneteer
Son•net•eer´, v. i. To compose sonnets. Lowell.

Sonneter
Son´net•er, n. A composer of sonnets.

Sonnetist
Son´net•ist, n. A sonneter, or sonneteer. Bp. Hall.

Sonnetize
Son´net•ize, v. i. To compose sonnets.

Sonnish
Son´nish, a. Like the sun; sunny; golden. [Obs.] "Her sonnish hairs." Chaucer.

Sonnite
Son´nite, n. See Sunnite.

Sonoran
So•no´ran, a. (Biogeography) Pertaining to or designating the arid division of the Austral zone, including the warmer parts of the western United States and central Mexico. It is divided into the Upper Sonoran, which lies next to the Transition zone, and the Lower Sonoran, next to the Tropical.

Sonorific
Son•o•rif´ic, a. [L. sonor, -oris, a sound + facere to make. See Sonorous.] Producing sound; as the sonorific quality of a body. [R.] I. Watts.

Sonorous
So•no´rous, a. [L. sonorus, fr. sonor, -oris, a sound, akin to sonus a sound. See Sound.]
1. Giving sound when struck; resonant; as sonorous metals.
2. Loud-sounding; giving a clear or loud sound; as a sonorous voice.
3. Yielding sound; characterized by sound; vocal; sonant; as the vowels are sonorous.
4. Impressive in sound; high- sounding.
"The Italian opera, amidst all the meanness and familiarty of the thoughts, has something beautiful and sonorous in the expression." Addison.
"There is nothing of the artificial Johnsonian balance in his style. It is as often marked by a pregnant brevity as by a sonorous amplitude." E. Everett.
5. (Med.) Sonant; vibrant; hence, of sounds produced in a cavity, deep-toned; as sonorous rhonchi. Sonorous figures (Physics), figures formed by the vibrations of a substance capable of emitting a musical tone, as when the bow of a violin is drawn along the edge of a piece of glass or metal on which sand is strewed, and the sand arranges itself in figures according to the musical tone. Called also acoustic figures. — Sonorous tumor (Med.), a tumor which emits a clear, resonant sound on percussion. — So•no´rous•ly, adv. — So•no´rous•ness, n.

Sonsy
Son´sy, a. See Soncy. [Scot.] Burns.

Sonties
Son´ties, n. Probably from "saintes" saints, or from sanctities; — used as an oath. [Obs.] Shak.

Soochong
Soo•chong´, n. Same as Souchong.

Soonee
Soo´nee, n. See Sunnite.

Sooner State. Oklahoma; — a nickname.

Soonly
Soon´ly, adv. Soon. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

Soord, n. Skin of bacon. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Soorma
Soor´ma, n. [Hind. & Per. surma.] A preparation of antimony with which Mohammedan men anoint their eyelids.

Sooshong
Soo•shong´, n. See Souchong.

Soot (? or 277), n. [OE. sot, AS. st; akin to Icel. st, Sw. sot, Dan. sod, OD. soet, Lith. sdis; cf. Gael. suith, Ir. suth.] A black substance formed by combustion, or disengaged from fuel in the process of combustion, which rises in fine particles, and adheres to the sides of the chimney or pipe conveying the smoke; strictly, the fine powder, consisting chiefly of carbon, which colors smoke, and which is the result of imperfect combustion. See Smoke.

Soot, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Sooted; p. pr. & vb. n. Sooting.] To cover or dress with soot; to smut with, or as with, soot; as to soot land. Mortimer. { Soot, Soot´e }, a. [See Sweet.] Sweet. [Obs.] "The soote savour of the vine." Chaucer.

Sooth (sooth), a.; also adv. [ Compar. Soother (sooth"er); superl. Soothest.] [OE. soth, AS. soð, for sanð; akin to OS. soð, OHG. sand, Icel. sannr, Sw. sann, Dan. sand, Skr. sat, sant, real, genuine, present, being; properly p. pr. from a root meaning, to be, Skr. a. , L. esse; also akin to Goth. sunjis true, Gr. ’eteo•s, Skr. satya. rad.9. Cf. Absent, Am, Essence, Is, Soothe, Sutee.]
1. True; faithful; trustworthy. [Obs. or Scot.]
"The sentence [meaning] of it sooth is, out of doubt." Chaucer.
"That shall I sooth (said he) to you declare." Spensser.
2. Pleasing; delightful; sweet. [R.]
"The soothest shepherd that ever piped on plains." Milton.
"With jellies soother than the creamy curd." Keats.

Sooth, n. [AS. soð. See Sooth, a. ]
1. Truth; reality. [Archaic]
"The sooth it this, the cut fell to the knight." Chaucer.
"In sooth, I know not why I am so sad." Shak.
"In good sooth, Its mystery is love, its meaninng youth." Longfellow.
2. Augury; prognostication. [Obs.]
"The soothe of birds by beating of their wings." Spenser.
3. Blandishment; cajolery. [Obs.] Shak.

Soothfast
Sooth´fast, a. [ Sooth + fast, that is, fast or firm with respect to truth.] Firmly fixed in, or founded upon, the thruth; true; genuine; real; also truthful; faithful. [Archaic] — Sooth´fast•ness, n. [Archaic] "In very soothfastness. " Chaucer.
"Why do not you … bear leal and soothfast evidence in her behalf, as ye may with a clear conscience!" Sir W. Scott.

Soothfast
Sooth´fast, adv. Soothly; really; in fact. [Archaic]
"I care not if the pomps you show Be what they soothfast appear." Emerson.

Soothing
Sooth´ing, a. & n. from Soothe, v.

Soothly
Sooth´ly, adv. In truth; truly; really; verily. [Obs.] "Soothly for to say." Chaucer.

Soothness
Sooth´ness, n. Truth; reality. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Soothsay
Sooth´say, v. i. [ Sooth + say; properly to say truth, tell the truth.] To foretell; to predict. "You can not soothsay." Shak. "Old soothsaying Glaucus’ spell." Milton.

Soothsay
Sooth´say, n.
1. A true saying; a proverb; a prophecy. [Obs.] Spenser.
2. Omen; portent. Having
"God turn the same to good soothsay." Spenser.

Soothsayer
Sooth´say•er, n.
1. One who foretells events by the art of soothsaying; a prognosticator.
2. (Zoöl.) A mantis.

Soothsaying
Sooth´say•ing, n.
1. A true saying; truth. [Obs.]
2. The act of one who soothsays; the foretelling of events; the art or practice of making predictions.
"A damsel, possessed with a spirit of divination … which brought her masters much gain by soothsaying." Acts xvi. 16.
3. A prediction; a prophecy; a prognostication.
"Divinations and soothsayings and dreams are vain." Eclus. xxxiv. 5.

Sootiness
Soot´i•ness, n. The quality or state of being sooty; fuliginousness. Johnson.

Sootish
Soot´ish, a. Sooty. Sir T. Browne.

Sooty
Soot´y, a. [ Compar Sootier superl. Sootiest.] [AS. stig. See Soot.]
1. Of or pertaining to soot; producing soot; soiled by soot. "Fire of sooty coal." Milton.
2. Having a dark brown or black color like soot; fuliginous; dusky; dark. "The grisly legions that troop under the sooty flag of Acheron." Milton. Sooty albatross (Zoöl.), an albatross ( Phœbetria fuliginosa) found chiefly in the Pacific Ocean; — called also nellie. — Sooty tern (Zoöl.), a tern ( Sterna fuliginosa) found chiefly in tropical seas.

Sooty
Soot´y, v. t. To black or foul with soot. [R.]
"Sootied with noisome smoke." Chapman.

Sop, n. [OE. sop, soppe; akin to AS. span to sup, to sip, to drink, D. sop sop, G. suppe soup, Icel. soppa sop. See Sup, v. t., and cf. Soup.]
1. Anything steeped, or dipped and softened, in any liquid; especially, something dipped in broth or liquid food, and intended to be eaten.
"He it is to whom I shall give a sop, when I have dipped it." John xiii. 26.
"Sops in wine, quantity, inebriate more than wine itself." Bacon.
"The bounded waters Should lift their bosoms higher than the shores, And make a sop of all this solid globe." Shak.
2. Anything given to pacify; — so called from the sop given to Cerberus, as related in mythology.
"All nature is cured with a sop." L’Estrange.
3. A thing of little or no value. [Obs.] P. Plowman.Sops in wine (Bot.), an old name of the clove pink, alluding to its having been used to flavor wine.
"Garlands of roses and sops in wine." Spenser. — Sops of wine (Bot.), an old European variety of apple, of a yellow and red color, shading to deep red; — called also sopsavine, and red shropsavine.

Sop, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Sopped p. pr. & vb. n. Sopping.] To steep or dip in any liquid.

Sophism
Soph´ism, n. [F. sophisme, L. sophisma, fr. Gr., fr. to make wise, to be become wise, to play the sophist, fr. wise.] The doctrine or mode of reasoning practiced by a sophist; hence, any fallacy designed to deceive.
"When a false argument puts on the appearance of a true one, then it is properly called a sophism, or "fallacy"." I. Watts.
"Let us first rid ourselves of sophisms, those of depraved men, and those of heartless philosophers." I. Taylor.

Sophist
Soph´ist, n. [F. sophiste, L. sophistes, fr. Gr. . See Sophism.]
1. One of a class of men who taught eloquence, philosophy, and politics in ancient Greece; especially, one of those who, by their fallacious but plausible reasoning, puzzled inquirers after truth, weakened the faith of the people, and drew upon themselves general hatred and contempt.
"Many of the Sophists doubdtless card not for truth or morality, and merely professed to teach how to make the worse appear the better reason; but there scems no reason to hold that they were a special class, teaching special opinions; even Socrates and Plato were sometimes styled Sophists." Liddell & Scott.
2. Hence, an impostor in argument; a captious or fallacious reasoner.

Sophisticate
So•phis´ti•cate, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Sophisticated p. pr. & vb. n. Sophisticating.] [LL. sophisticatus, p. p. of sophisticare to sophisticate.] To render worthless by admixture; to adulterate; to damage; to pervert; as to sophisticate wine. Howell.
"To sophisticate the understanding." Southey.
"Yet Butler professes to stick to plain facts, not to sophisticate, not to refine." M. Arnold.
"They purchase but sophisticated ware." Dryden.
Syn. — To adulterate; debase; corrupt; vitiate. { So•phis´ti•cate, So•phis´ti•ca•ted }, a. Adulterated; not pure; not genuine.
"So truth, while only one supplied the state, Grew scare and dear, and yet sophisticate." Dryden.

Sophisticator
So•phis´ti•ca•tor, n. One who sophisticates.

Sophistry
Soph´ist•ry, n. [OE. sophistrie, OF. sophisterie.]
1. The art or process of reasoning; logic. [Obs.]
2. The practice of a sophist; fallacious reasoning; reasoning sound in appearance only.
"The juggle of sophistry consists, for the most part, in usig a word in one sense in the premise, and in another sense in the conclusion." Coleridge.
Syn. — See Fallacy.

Sophora
So•pho´ra, n. [Ar. ufair.] (Bot.) (a) A genus of leguminous plants. (b) A tree ( Sophora Japonica) of Eastern Asia, resembling the common locust; occasionally planted in the United States.

Sophta
Soph´ta, n. See Softa.

Sopition
So•pi´tion, n. The act of putting to sleep, or the state of being put to sleep; sleep. [Obs.]
"Dementation and sopition of reason." Sir T. Browne.

Sopor
So´por, n. [L.] (Med.) Profound sleep from which a person can be roused only with difficulty.

Soporate
Sop´o•rate, v. t. [L. soporatus, p. p. or soporare to put to sleep, fr. sopor a heavy sleep.] To lay or put to sleep; to stupefy. [Obs.] Cudworth.

Soporiferous
Sop•o•rif´er•ous, a. [L. soparifer; sopor a heavy sleep + ferere to bring.] Causing sleep; somniferous; soporific. "Soporiferous medicine." Swift. —- Sop•o•rif´er•ous•ly, adv. — Sop•o•rif´er•ous•ness, n.

Soporific
Sop•o•rif´ic ( 277), a. [L. sopor a heavy sleep (akin to somnus sleep) + facere to make. See Somnolent, Fact.] Causing sleep; tending to cause sleep; soporiferous; as the soporific virtues of opium.
Syn. — Somniferous; narcotic; opiate; anodyne.

Soporific
Sop•o•rif´ic, n. A medicine, drug, plant, or other agent that has the quality of inducing sleep; a narcotic. { Sop´o•rose•, Sop´o•rous }, a. [From Sopor; cf. L. soporus, fr. sopor a heavy sleep; F. soporeux.] Causing sleep; sleepy.

Soppy
Sop´py, a. Soaked or saturated with liquid or moisture; very wet or sloppy.
"It [Yarmouth] looked rather spongy and soppy." Dickens.

Sopra
So´pra, adv. [It., from L. supra above.] (Mus.) Above; before; over; upon.

Sopranist
So•pra´nist, n. (Mus.) A treble singer.

Soprano
So•pra´no, n. ; pl. E. Sopranos (#), It. Soprani (#). [It., fr. soprano superior, highest, fr. sopra above, L. supra. See Sovereign.] (Mus.) (a) The treble; the highest vocal register; the highest kind of female or boy’s voice; the upper part in harmony for mixed voices. (b) A singer, commonly a woman, with a treble voice.

Sorance
Sor´ance, n. Soreness. [Obs.]

Sorb, n. [L. sorbus the tree, sorbum the fruit; cf. F. sorbe. See Service tree.] (Bot.) (a) The wild service tree ( Pyrus torminalis) of Europe; also the rowan tree. (b) The fruit of these trees. Sorb apple, the fruit of the sorb, or wild service tree. — Sorb tree, the wild service tree.