Shabbed
Shab´bed, a. Shabby. [Obs.] Wood.

Shabbily
Shab´bi•ly, adv. In a shabby manner.

Shabbiness
Shab´bi•ness, n. The quality or state of being sghabby. { Shab´ble, Shab´ble }, n. [Cf. D. sabel, and G. säbel.] A kind of crooked sword or hanger. [Scot.]

Shabby
Shab´by, a. [ Compar. Shabbier superl. Shabbiest.] [See Shab, n. , Scabby, and Scab.]
1. Torn or worn to rage; poor; mean; ragged.
"Wearing shabby coats and dirty shirts." Macaulay.
2. Clothed with ragged, much worn, or soiled garments. "The dean was so shabby." Swift.
3. Mean; paltry; despicable; as shabby treatment. "Very shabby fellows." Clarendon.

Shack, v. t. [Prov. E., to shake, to shed. See Shake.]
1. To shed or fall, as corn or grain at harvest. [Prov. Eng.] Grose.
2. To feed in stubble, or upon waste corn. [Prov. Eng.]
3. To wander as a vagabond or a tramp. [Prev.Eng.]

Shack, n. [Cf. Scot. shag refuse of barley or oats.]
1. The grain left after harvest or gleaning; also nuts which have fallen to the ground. [Prov. Eng.]
2. Liberty of winter pasturage. [Prov. Eng.]
3. A shiftless fellow; a low, itinerant beggar; a vagabond; a tramp. [Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U.S.] Forby.
"All the poor old shacks about the town found a friend in Deacon Marble." H. W. Beecher.Common of shack (Eng.Law), the right of persons occupying lands lying together in the same common field to turn out their cattle to range in it after harvest. Cowell.

Shack, n. [Cf. Shack, v. i.] A hut; a shanty; a cabin. [Colloq.]
"These miserable shacks are so low that their occupants cannot stand erect." D. C. Worcester.

Shackle
Shac´kle, n. Stubble. [Prov. Eng.] Pegge.

Shackle
Shac´kle, n. [Generally used in the plural.] [OE. schakkyll, schakle, AS. scacul, sceacul, a shackle, fr. scacan to shake; cf. D. schakel a link of a chain, a mesh, Icel. skökull the pole of a cart. See Shake.]
1. Something which confines the legs or arms so as to prevent their free motion; specifically, a ring or band inclosing the ankle or wrist, and fastened to a similar shackle on the other leg or arm, or to something else, by a chain or a strap; a gyve; a fetter.
"His shackles empty left; himself escaped clean." Spenser.
2. Hence, that which checks or prevents free action.
"His very will seems to be in bonds and shackles." South.
3. A fetterlike band worn as an ornament.
"Most of the men and women … had all earrings made of gold, and gold shackles about their legs and arms." Dampier.
4. A link or loop, as in a chain, fitted with a movable bolt, so that the parts can be separated, or the loop removed; a clevis.
5. A link for connecting railroad cars; — called also drawlink, draglink, etc.
6. The hinged and curved bar of a padlock, by which it is hung to the staple. Knight. Shackle joint (Anat.), a joint formed by a bony ring passing through a hole in a bone, as at the bases of spines in some fishes.

Shackle
Shac´kle, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Shackled p. pr. & vb. n. Shackling.]
1. To tie or confine the limbs of, so as to prevent free motion; to bind with shackles; to fetter; to chain.
"To lead him shackled, and exposed to scorn Of gathering crowds, the Britons’ boasted chief." J. Philips.
2. Figuratively: To bind or confine so as to prevent or embarrass action; to impede; to cumber.
"Shackled by her devotion to the king, she seldom could pursue that object." Walpole.
3. To join by a link or chain, as railroad cars. [U. S.] Shackle bar, the coupling between a locomotive and its tender. [U.S.] — Shackle bolt, a shackle. Sir W. Scott.

Shackly
Shack´ly, a. Shaky; rickety. [Colloq. U. S.]

Shad (shad), n. sing. & pl. [AS. sceadda a kind of fish, akin to Prov. G. schade; cf. Ir. & Gael. sgadan a herring, W. ysgadan herrings; all perhaps akin to E. skate a fish.] (Zoöl.) Any one of several species of food fishes of the Herring family. The American species ( Clupea sapidissima), which is abundant on the Atlantic coast and ascends the larger rivers in spring to spawn, is an important market fish. The European allice shad, or alose ( C. alosa), and the twaite shad. ( C. finta), are less important species. [Written also chad.] The name is loosely applied, also to several other fishes, as the gizzard shad (see under Gizzard), called also mud shad, white-eyed shad, and winter shad. Hardboaded, or Yellow-tailed, shad, the menhaden. — Hickory, or Tailor, shad, the mattowacca. — Long-boned shad, one of several species of important food fishes of the Bermudas and the West Indies, of the genus Gerres. — Shad bush (Bot.), a name given to the North American shrubs or small trees of the rosaceous genus Amelanchier ( A. Canadensis, and A. alnifolia) Their white racemose blossoms open in April or May, when the shad appear, and the edible berries (pomes) ripen in June or July, whence they are called Juneberries. The plant is also called service tree, and Juneberry. — Shad frog, an American spotted frog ( Rana halecina); - - so called because it usually appears at the time when the shad begin to run in the rivers. — Trout shad, the squeteague. — White shad, the common shad.

Shadde
Shad´de, obs. imp. of Shed. Chaucer.

Shade (shad), n. [OE. shade, shadewe, schadewe, AS. sceadu, scead; akin to OS. skado, D. schaduw, OHG. scato, (gen. scatewes), G. schatten, Goth. skadus, Ir. & Gael. sgath, and probably to Gr. sko•tos darkness. rad.162. Cf. Shadow, Shed a hat.]
1. Comparative obscurity owing to interception or interruption of the rays of light; partial darkness caused by the intervention of something between the space contemplated and the source of light. Shade differs from shadow as it implies no particular form or definite limit; whereas a shadow represents in form the object which intercepts the light. When we speak of the shade of a tree, we have no reference to its form; but when we speak of measuring a pyramid or other object by its shadow, we have reference to its form and extent.
2. Darkness; obscurity; — often in the plural.
"The shades of night were falling fast." Longfellow.
3. An obscure place; a spot not exposed to light; hence, a secluded retreat.
"Let us seek out some desolate shade, and there Weep our sad bosoms empty." Shak.
4. That which intercepts, or shelters from, light or the direct rays of the sun; hence, also that which protects from heat or currents of air; a screen; protection; shelter; cover; as a lamp shade.
"The Lord is thy shade upon thy right hand." Ps. cxxi. 5.
"Sleep under a fresh tree’s shade." Shak.
"Let the arched knife well sharpened now assail the spreading shades of vegetables." J. Philips.
5. Shadow. [Poetic.]
"Envy will merit, as its shade, pursue." Pope.
6. The soul after its separation from the body; — so called because the ancients it to be perceptible to the sight, though not to the touch; a spirit; a ghost; as the shades of departed heroes.
"Swift as thought the flitting shade Thro’ air his momentary journey made." Dryden.
7. (Painting, Drawing, etc.) The darker portion of a picture; a less illuminated part. See Def. 1, above.
8. Degree or variation of color, as darker or lighter, stronger or paler; as a delicate shade of pink.
"White, red, yellow, blue, with their several degrees, or shades and mixtures, as green only in by the eyes." Locke.
9. A minute difference or variation, as of thought, belief, expression, etc.; also the quality or degree of anything which is distinguished from others similar by slight differences; as the shades of meaning in synonyms.
"New shades and combinations of thought." De Quincey.
"Every shade of religious and political opinion has its own headquarters." Macaulay. The Shades, the Nether World; the supposed abode of souls after leaving the body.

Shade, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Shaded; p. pr. & vb. n. Shading.]
1. To shelter or screen by intercepting the rays of light; to keep off illumination from. Milton.
"I went to crop the sylvan scenes, And shade our altars with their leafy greens." Dryden.
2. To shelter; to cover from injury; to protect; to screen; to hide; as to shade one’s eyes.
"Ere in our own house I do shade my head." Shak.
3. To obscure; to dim the brightness of.
"Thou shad’st The full blaze of thy beams." Milton.
4. To pain in obscure colors; to darken.
5. To mark with gradations of light or color.
6. To present a shadow or image of; to shadow forth; to represent. [Obs.]
"[The goddess] in her person cunningly did shade That part of Justice which is Equity." Spenser.

Shade, v. i. [See Shade, n. ] To undergo or exhibit minute difference or variation, as of color, meaning, expression, etc.; to pass by slight changes; — used chiefly with a preposition, as into, away, off.
"This small group will be most conveniently treated with the emotional division, into which it shades." Edmund Gurney. { Shai´tan, Shei´tan }, n. [Written also sheytan.] [Hind. shaitan, fr. Ar. shaitan.]
1. Among Mohammedans: (a) An evil spirit; the evil one; the devil. (b) One of bad disposition; a fiend. [Colloq.]
2. (Meteor.) A dust storm. [India]

Shadeless
Shade´less, a. Being without shade; not shaded.

Shader
Shad´er, n. One who, or that which, shades.

Shadily
Shad´i•ly, adv. In a shady manner.

Shadiness
Shad´i•ness, n. Quality or state of being shady.

Shading
Shad´ing, n.
1. Act or process of making a shade.
2. That filling up which represents the effect of more or less darkness, expressing rotundity, projection, etc., in a picture or a drawing.

Shadoof
Sha•doof´ (sha•doof"), n. [Ar. shaduf.] A machine, resembling a well sweep, used in Egypt for raising water from the Nile for irrigation.

Shadow
Shad´ow (shad"o), n. [Originally the same word as shade. rad.162. See Shade.]
1. Shade within defined limits; obscurity or deprivation of light, apparent on a surface, and representing the form of the body which intercepts the rays of light; as the shadow of a man, of a tree, or of a tower. See the Note under Shade, n. , 1.
2. Darkness; shade; obscurity.
"Night’s sable shadows from the ocean rise." Denham.
3. A shaded place; shelter; protection; security.
"In secret shadow from the sunny ray, On a sweet bed of lilies softly laid." Spenser.
4. A reflected image, as in a mirror or in water. Shak.
5. That which follows or attends a person or thing like a shadow; an inseparable companion; hence, an obsequious follower.
"Sin and her shadow Death." Milton.
6. A spirit; a ghost; a shade; a phantom. "Hence, horrible shadow!" Shak.
7. An imperfect and faint representation; adumbration; indistinct image; dim bodying forth; hence, mystical representation; type.
"The law having a shadow of good things to come." Heb. x. 1.
"[Types] and shadows of that destined seed." Milton.
8. A small degree; a shade. "No variableness, neither shadow of turning." James i. 17.
9. An uninvited guest coming with one who is invited. [A Latinism] Nares.
"I must not have my board pastered with shadows That under other men’s protection break in Without invitement." Massinger. Shadow of death, darkness or gloom like that caused by the presence or the impending of death. Ps. xxiii. 4.

Shadow
Shad´ow, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Shadowed p. pr. & vb. n. Shadowing.] [OE. shadowen, AS. sceadwian. See adow, n. ]
1. To cut off light from; to put in shade; to shade; to throw a shadow upon; to overspead with obscurity.
"The warlike elf much wondered at this tree, So fair and great, that shadowed all the ground." Spenser.
2. To conceal; to hide; to screen. [R.]
"Let every soldier hew him down a bough. And bear’t before him; thereby shall we shadow The numbers of our host." Shak.
3. To protect; to shelter from danger; to shroud.
"Shadowing their right under your wings of war." Shak.
4. To mark with gradations of light or color; to shade.
5. To represent faintly or imperfectly; to adumbrate; hence, to represent typically.
"Augustus is shadowed in the person of AEneas." Dryden.
6. To cloud; to darken; to cast a gloom over.
"The shadowed livery of the burnished sun." Shak.
"Why sad? I must not see the face O love thus shadowed." Beau. & Fl.
7. To attend as closely as a shadow; to follow and watch closely, especially in a secret or unobserved manner; as a detective shadows a criminal.

Shadowing
Shad´ow•ing, n.
1. Shade, or gradation of light and color; shading. Feltham.
2. A faint representation; an adumbration.
"There are … in savage theology shadowings, quaint or majestic, of the conception of a Supreme Deity." Tylor.

Shadowish
Shad´ow•ish, a. Shadowy; vague. [Obs.] Hooker.

Shadowless
Shad´ow•less, a. Having no shadow.

Shadowy
Shad´ow•y, a.
1. Full of shade or shadows; causing shade or shadow. "Shadowy verdure." Fenton.
"This shadowy desert, unfrequented woods." Shak.
2. Hence, dark; obscure; gloomy; dim. "The shadowy past." Longfellow.
3. Not brightly luminous; faintly light.
"The moon … with more pleasing light, Shadowy sets off the face things." Milton.
4. Faintly representative; hence, typical.
"From shadowy types to truth, from flesh to spirit." Milton.
5. Unsubstantial; unreal; as shadowy honor.
"Milton has brought into his poems two actors of a shadowy and fictitious nature, in the persons of Sin and Death." Addison.

Shadrach
Sha´drach, n. (Metal.) A mass of iron on which the operation of smelting has failed of its intended effect; — so called from Shadrach, one of the three Hebrews who came forth unharmed from the fiery furnace of Nebuchadnezzar. (See Dan. iii. 26, 27.)

Shad-spirit
Shad´-spir•it, n. See Shadbird (a)

Shafiite
Sha´fi•ite, n. A member of one of the four sects of the Sunnites, or Orthodox Mohammedans; — so called from its founder, Mohammed al- Shafeï.

Shaft, n. [OE. shaft, schaft, AS. sceaft; akin to D. schacht, OHG. scaft, G. schaft, Dan. & Sw. skaft handle, haft, Icel. skapt, and probably to L. scapus, Gr.,, a staff. Probably originally, a shaven or smoothed rod. Cf. Scape, Scepter, Shave.]
1. The slender, smooth stem of an arrow; hence, an arrow.
"His sleep, his meat, his drink, is him bereft, That lean he wax, and dry as is a shaft." Chaucer.
"A shaft hath three principal parts, the stele [stale], the feathers, and the head." Ascham.
2. The long handle of a spear or similar weapon; hence, the weapon itself; (Fig.) anything regarded as a shaft to be thrown or darted; as shafts of light.
"And the thunder, Winged with red lightning and impetuous rage, Perhaps hath spent his shafts." Milton.
"Some kinds of literary pursuits … have been attacked with all the shafts of ridicule." V. Knox.
3. That which resembles in some degree the stem or handle of an arrow or a spear; a long, slender part, especially when cylindrical. Specifically: (a) (Bot.) The trunk, stem, or stalk of a plant. (b) (Zoöl.) The stem or midrib of a feather. See Illust. of Feather. (c) The pole, or tongue, of a vehicle; also a thill. (d) The part of a candlestick which supports its branches.
"Thou shalt make a candlestick of pure gold … his shaft, and his branches, his bowls, his knops, and his flowers, shall be of the same." Ex. xxv. 31. (e) The handle or helve of certain tools, instruments, etc., as a hammer, a whip, etc. (f) A pole, especially a Maypole. [Obs.] Stow. (g) (Arch.) The body of a column; the cylindrical pillar between the capital and base (see Illust. of Column). also the part of a chimney above the roof. also the spire of a steeple. [Obs. or R.] Gwilt. (h) A column, an obelisk, or other spire-shaped or columnar monument.
"Bid time and nature gently spare The shaft we raise to thee." Emerson. (i) (Weaving) A rod at the end of a heddle. (j) (Mach.) A solid or hollow cylinder or bar, having one or more journals on which it rests and revolves, and intended to carry one or more wheels or other revolving parts and to transmit power or motion; as the shaft of a steam engine. See Illust. of Countershaft.
4. (Zoöl.) A humming bird ( Thaumastura cora) having two of the tail feathers next to the middle ones very long in the male; — called also cora humming bird.
5. [Cf. G. schacht.] (Mining) A well-like excavation in the earth, perpendicular or nearly so, made for reaching and raising ore, for raising water, etc.
6. A long passage for the admission or outlet of air; an air shaft.
7. The chamber of a blast furnace. Line shaft (Mach.), a main shaft of considerable length, in a shop or factory, usually bearing a number of pulleys by which machines are driven, commonly by means of countershafts; — called also line, or main line. - - Shaft alley (Naut.), a passage extending from the engine room to the stern, and containing the propeller shaft. — Shaft furnace (Metal.), a furnace, in the form of a chimney, which is charged at the top and tapped at the bottom.

Shafting
Shaft´ing, n. (Mach.) Shafts, collectivelly; a system of connected shafts for communicating motion. { Shaft´man, Shaft´ment } n. [AS. sceaftmund.] A measure of about six inches. [Obs.]

Shag, n. [AS. sceacga a bush of hair; akin to Icel. skegg the beard, Sw. skägg, Dan. skjg. Cf. Schock of hair.]
1. Coarse hair or nap; rough, woolly hair.
"True Witney broadcloth, with its shag unshorn." Gay.
2. A kind of cloth having a long, coarse nap.
3. (Com.) A kind of prepared tobacco cut fine.
4. (Zoöl.) Any species of cormorant.

Shag, a. Hairy; shaggy. Shak.

Shag, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Shagged p. pr. & vb. n. Shagging.] To make hairy or shaggy; hence, to make rough.
"Shag the green zone that bounds the boreal skies." J. Barlow.

Shagged
Shag´ged, a. Shaggy; rough. Milton. — Shag´ged•ness, n. Dr. H. More.

Shagginess
Shag´gi•ness, n. The quality or state of being shaggy; roughness; shaggedness.

Shaggy
Shag´gy, a. [ Compar. Shaggier superl. Shaggiest.] [From Shag, n. ] Rough with long hair or wool.
"About his shoulders hangs the shaggy skin." Dryden.
2. Rough; rugged; jaggy. Milton.
"[A rill] that winds unseen beneath the shaggy fell." Keble.

Shag-rag
Shag´-rag, n. The unkempt and ragged part of the community. [Colloq. or Slang.] R. Browning.

Shagreen
Sha•green´, v. t. To chagrin. [Obs.]

Shagreen
Sha•green´, n. [F. chagrin, It. zigrino, fr. Turk. saghri the back of a horse or other beast of burden, shagreen. Cf. Chagrin.]
1. A kind of untanned leather prepared in Russia and the East, from the skins of horses, asses, and camels, and grained so as to be covered with small round granulations. This characteristic surface is produced by pressing small seeds into the grain or hair side when moist, and afterward, when dry, scraping off the roughness left between them, and then, by soaking, causing the portions of the skin which had been compressed or indented by the seeds to swell up into relief. It is used for covering small cases and boxes.
2. The skin of various small sharks and other fishes when having small, rough, bony scales. The dogfishes of the genus Scyllium furnish a large part of that used in the arts. { Sha•green´, Sha•greened´ } a.
1. Made or covered with the leather called shagreen. "A shagreen case of lancets." T. Hook.
2. (Zoöl.) Covered with rough scales or points like those on shagreen.

Shaik, n. See Sheik.

Shake, obs. p. p. of Shake. Chaucer.

Shake, v. t. [ imp. Shook p. p. Shaken, (Shook, obs.); p. pr. & vb. n. Shaking.] [OE. shaken, schaken, AS. scacan, sceacan; akin to Icel. & Sw. skaka, OS. skakan, to depart, to flee. rad.161. Cf. Shock, v. ]
1. To cause to move with quick or violent vibrations; to move rapidly one way and the other; to make to tremble or shiver; to agitate.
"As a fig tree casteth her untimely figs, when she is shaken of a mighty wind." Rev. vi. 13.
"Ascend my chariot; guide the rapid wheels That shake heaven’s basis." Milton.
2. Fig.: To move from firmness; to weaken the stability of; to cause to waver; to impair the resolution of.
"When his doctrines grew too strong to be shook by his enemies, they persecuted his reputation." Atterbury.
"Thy equal fear that my firm faith and love Can by his fraud be shaken or seduced." Milton.
3. (Mus.) To give a tremulous tone to; to trill; as to shake a note in music.
4. To move or remove by agitating; to throw off by a jolting or vibrating motion; to rid one’s self of; — generally with an adverb, as off, out, etc.; as to shake fruit down from a tree.
"Shak. off the golden slumber of repose." Shak.
"’Tis our fast intent To shake all cares and business from our age." Shak.
"I could scarcely shake him out of my company." Bunyan. To shake a cask (Naut.), to knock a cask to pieces and pack the staves. — To shake hands, to perform the customary act of civility by clasping and moving hands, as an expression of greeting, farewell, good will, agreement, etc. — To shake out a reef (Naut.), to untile the reef points and spread more canvas. — To shake the bells. See under Bell. — To shake the sails (Naut.), to luff up in the wind, causing the sails to shiver. Ham. Nav. Encyc.

Shake, v. i. To be agitated with a waving or vibratory motion; to tremble; to shiver; to quake; to totter.
"Under his burning wheels The steadfast empyrean shook throughout, All but the throne itself of God." Milton.
"What danger? Who ’s that that shakes behind there?" Beau. & Fl.Shaking piece, a name given by butchers to the piece of beef cut from the under side of the neck. See Illust. of Beef.

Shake, n.
1. The act or result of shaking; a vacillating or wavering motion; a rapid motion one way and other; a trembling, quaking, or shivering; agitation.
"The great soldier’s honor was composed Of thicker stuff, which could endure a shake." Herbert.
"Our salutations were very hearty on both sides, consisting of many kind shakes of the hand." Addison.
2. A fissure or crack in timber, caused by its being dried too suddenly. Gwilt.
3. A fissure in rock or earth.
4. (Mus.) A rapid alternation of a principal tone with another represented on the next degree of the staff above or below it; a trill.
5. (Naut.) One of the staves of a hogshead or barrel taken apart. Totten.
6. A shook of staves and headings. Knight.
7. (Zoöl.) The redshank; — so called from the nodding of its head while on the ground. [Prov. Eng.] No great shakes, of no great importance. [Slang] Byron. — The shakes, the fever and ague. [Colloq. U.S.]

Shakedown
Shake´down, n. A temporary substitute for a bed, as one made on the floor or on chairs; — perhaps originally from the shaking down of straw for this purpose. Sir W. Scott.

Shakefork
Shake´fork, n. A fork for shaking hay; a pitchfork. [Obs.]

Shaken
Shak´en, a.
1. Caused to shake; agitated; as a shaken bough.
2. Cracked or checked; split. See Shake, n. , 2.
"Nor is the wood shaken or twisted." Barroe.
3. Impaired, as by a shock.

Shakeress
Shak´er•ess, n. A female Shaker.

Shakerism
Shak´er•ism, n. Doctrines of the Shakers.

Shakespearean
Shake•spear´e•an, a. Of, pertaining to, or in the style of, Shakespeare or his works. [Written also Shakespearian, Shakspearean, Shakspearian, Shaksperean, Shaksperian.etc.]

Shakiness
Shak´i•ness, n. Quality of being shaky.

Shakings
Shak´ings, n. pl. (Naut.) Deck sweepings, refuse of cordage, canvas etc. Ham. Nav. Encyc.

Shako
Shak´o, n. [Hung. csákó: cf. F. shako, schako.] A kind of military cap or headdress.

Shakudo
Shak´u•do´, n. [Jap.] An alloy of copper, invented by the Japanese, having a very dark blue color approaching black.

Shaky
Shak´y, a. [ Compar. Shakier superl. Shakiest.]
1. Shaking or trembling; as a shaky spot in a marsh; a shaky hand. Thackeray.
2. Full of shakes or cracks; cracked; as shaky timber. Gwilt.
3. Easily shaken; tottering; unsound; as a shaky constitution; shaky business credit. [Colloq.]

Shall, v. i. & auxiliary. [ imp. Should ] [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen, pres. zal, imp. zoude, zou, OHG. solan, scolan, pres. scal, sol. imp. scolta, solta, G. sollen, pres. soll, imp. sollte, Icel. skulu, pres. skal, imp. skyldi, SW. skola, pres. skall, imp. skulle, Dan. skulle, pres. skal, imp. skulde, Goth. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skulda, and to AS. scyld guilt, G. schuld guilt, fault, debt, and perhaps to L. scelus crime.] [ Shall is defective, having no infinitive, imperative, or participle.]
1. To owe; to be under obligation for. [Obs.] "By the faith I shall to God" Court of Love.
2. To be obliged; must. [Obs.] "Me athinketh [I am sorry] that I shall rehearse it her." Chaucer.
3. As an auxiliary, shall indicates a duty or necessity whose obligation is derived from the person speaking; as you shall go; he shall go; that is, I order or promise your going. It thus ordinarily expresses, in the second and third persons, a command, a threat, or a promise. If the auxillary be emphasized, the command is made more imperative, the promise or that more positive and sure. It is also employed in the language of prophecy; as "the day shall come when …, " since a promise or threat and an authoritative prophecy nearly coincide in significance. In shall with the first person, the necessity of the action is sometimes implied as residing elsewhere than in the speaker; as I shall suffer; we shall see; and there is always a less distinct and positive assertion of his volition than is indicated by will. "I shall go" implies nearly a simple futurity; more exactly, a foretelling or an expectation of my going, in which, naturally enough, a certain degree of plan or intention may be included; emphasize the shall, and the event is described as certain to occur, and the expression approximates in meaning to our emphatic "I will go." In a question, the relation of speaker and source of obligation is of course transferred to the person addressed; as "Shall you go?" (answer, "I shall go"); "Shall he go?" i. e., "Do you require or promise his going?" (answer, "He shall go".) The same relation is transferred to either second or third person in such phrases as "You say, or think, you shall go;" "He says, or thinks, he shall go." After a conditional conjunction (as if, whether) shall is used in all persons to express futurity simply; as if I, you, or he shall say they are right. Should is everywhere used in the same connection and the same senses as shall, as its imperfect. It also expresses duty or moral obligation; as he should do it whether he will or not. In the early English, and hence in our English Bible, shall is the auxiliary mainly used, in all the persons, to express simple futurity. (Cf. Will, v. t.) Shall may be used elliptically; thus, with an adverb or other word expressive of motion go may be omitted. "He to England shall along with you." Shak. Shall and will are often confounded by inaccurate speakers and writers. Say: I shall be glad to see you. Shall I do this? Shall I help you? (not Will I do this?) See Will.

Shallop
Shal´lop, n. [F. chaloupe, probably from D. sloep. Cf. Sloop.] (Naut.) A boat.
"[She] thrust the shallop from the floating strand." Spenser. The term shallop is applied to boats of all sizes, from a light canoe up to a large boat with masts and sails.

Shallow-bodied
Shal´low-bod•ied, a. (Naut.) Having a moderate depth of hold; — said of a vessel.

Shallow-brained
Shal´low-brained, a. Weak in intellect; foolish; empty-headed. South. Shal´low-heart•ed a. Incapable of deep feeling. Tennyson.

Shallowly
Shal´low•ly, adv. In a shallow manner.

Shallowness
Shal´low•ness, n. Quality or state of being shallow.

Shallow-pated
Shal´low-pat•ed, a. Shallow- brained.

Shallow-waisted
Shal´low-waist•ed, a. (Naut.) Having a flush deck, or with only a moderate depression amidships; — said of a vessel.

Shalm, n. See Shawm. [Obs.] Knolles.

Sham, n. [Originally the same word as shame, hence, a disgrace, a trick. See Shame, n. ]
1. That which deceives expectation; any trick, fraud, or device that deludes and disappoint; a make-believe; delusion; imposture, humbug. "A mere sham." Bp. Stillingfleet.
"Believe who will the solemn sham, not I." Addison.
2. A false front, or removable ornamental covering. Pillow sham, a covering to be laid on a pillow.

Sham, a. False; counterfeit; pretended; feigned; unreal; as a sham fight.
"They scorned the sham independence proffered to them by the Athenians." Jowett (Thucyd)

Sham, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Shammed p. pr. & vb. n. Shamming.]
1. To trick; to cheat; to deceive or delude with false pretenses.
"Fooled and shammed into a conviction." L’Estrange.
2. To obtrude by fraud or imposition. [R.]
"We must have a care that we do not … sham fallacies upon the world for current reason." L’Estrange.
3. To assume the manner and character of; to imitate; to ape; to feign. To sham Abram or Abraham, to feign sickness; to malinger. Hence a malingerer is called, in sailors’ cant, Sham Abram, or Sham Abraham.

Sham, v. i. To make false pretenses; to deceive; to feign; to impose.
"Wondering … whether those who lectured him were such fools as they professed to be, or were only shamming." Macaulay.

Shama
Sha´ma, n. [Hind. shama.] (Zoöl.) A saxicoline singing bird ( Kittacincla macroura) of India, noted for the sweetness and power of its song. In confinement it imitates the notes of other birds and various animals with accuracy. Its head, neck, back, breast, and tail are glossy black, the rump white, the under parts chestnut.

Shaman
Sha´man, n. [From the native name.] A priest of Shamanism; a wizard among the Shamanists.

Shamanic
Sha•man´ic, a. Of or pertaining to Shamanism.

Shamanism
Sha´man•ism, n. The type of religion which once prevalied among all the Ural-Altaic peoples (Tungusic, Mongol, and Turkish), and which still survives in various parts of Northern Asia. The Shaman, or wizard priest, deals with good as well as with evil spirits, especially the good spirits of ancestors. Encyc. Brit.

Shamanist
Sha´man•ist, n. An adherent of Shamanism.

Shamble
Sham´ble, n. [OE. schamel a bench, stool, AS. scamel, sceamol, a bench, form, stool, fr. L. scamellum, dim. of scamnum a bench, stool.]
1. (Mining) One of a succession of niches or platforms, one above another, to hold ore which is thrown successively from platform to platform, and thus raised to a higher level.
2. pl. A place where butcher’s meat is sold.
"As summer flies are in the shambles." Shak.
3. pl. A place for slaughtering animals for meat.
"To make a shambles of the parliament house." Shak.

Shamble
Sham´ble, v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Shambled p. pr. & vb. n. Shambling ] [Cf. OD. schampelen to slip, schampen to slip away, escape. Cf. Scamble, Scamper.] To walk awkwardly and unsteadily, as if the knees were weak; to shuffle along.

Shame, n. [OE. shame, schame, AS. scamu, sceamu; akin to OS. & OHG. scama, G. scham, Icel. skömm, shkamm, Sw. & Dan. skam, D. & G. schande, Goth. skanda shame, skaman sik to be ashamed; perhaps from a root skam meaning to cover, and akin to the root ( kam) of G. hemd shirt, E. chemise. Cf. Sham.]
1. A painful sensation excited by a consciousness of guilt or impropriety, or of having done something which injures reputation, or of the exposure of that which nature or modesty prompts us to conceal.
"HIde, for shame, Romans, your grandsires’ images, That blush at their degenerate progeny." Dryden.
"Have you no modesty, no maiden shame?" Shak.
2. Reproach incurred or suffered; dishonor; ignominy; derision; contempt.
"Ye have borne the shame of the heathen." Ezek. xxxvi. 6.
"Honor and shame from no condition rise." Pope.
"And every woe a tear can claim Except an erring sister’s shame." Byron.
3. The cause or reason of shame; that which brings reproach, and degrades a person in the estimation of others; disgrace.
"O Csar, what a wounding shame is this!" Shak.
"Guides who are the shame of religion." Shak.
4. The parts which modesty requires to be covered; the private parts. Isa. xlvii. 3.For shame! you should be ashamed; shame on you! — To put to shame, to cause to feel shame; to humiliate; to disgrace. "Let them be driven backward and put to shame that wish me evil." Ps. xl. 14.

Shame, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Shamed p. pr. & vb. n. Shaming.]
1. To make ashamed; to excite in (a person) a comsciousness of guilt or impropriety, or of conduct derogatory to reputation; to put to shame.
"Were there but one righteous in the world, he would … shame the world, and not the world him." South.
2. To cover with reproach or ignominy; to dishonor; to disgrace.
"And with foul cowardice his carcass shame." Spenser.
3. To mock at; to deride. [Obs. or R.]
"Ye have shamed the counsel of the poor." Ps. xiv. 6.

Shame, v. i. [AS. scamian, sceamian. See Shame, n. ] To be ashamed; to feel shame. [R.]
"I do shame To think of what a noble strain you are." Shak.

Shameless
Shame´less, a. [AS. scamleás.]
1. Destitute of shame; wanting modesty; brazen-faced; insensible to disgrace. "Such shameless bards we have." Pope.
"Shame enough to shame thee, wert thou not shameless." Shak.
2. Indicating want of modesty, or sensibility to disgrace; indecent; as a shameless picture or poem.
Syn. — Impudent; unblushing; audacious; immodest; indecent; indelicate. — Shame´less•ly, adv. — Shame´less•ness, n.

Shame-proof
Shame´-proof, n. Shameless. Shak.

Shamer
Sham´er, n. One who, or that which, disgraces, or makes ashamed. Beau. & Fl.

Shammer
Sham´mer, n. One who shams; an impostor. Johnson.

Shammy
Sham´my, n. [F. chamious a chamois, shammy leather. See Chamois.]
1. (Zoöl.) The chamois.
2. A soft, pliant leather, prepared originally from the skin of the chamois, but now made also from the skin of the sheep, goat, kid, deer, and calf. See Shamoying. [Written also chamois, shamoy, and shamois.] { Sham´ois, Sham´oy }, n. See Shammy.

Shampooer
Sham•poo´er, n. One who shampoos.

Shamrock
Sham´rock, n. [L. seamrog, seamar, trefoil, white clover, white honeysuckle; akin to Gael. seamrag.] (Bot.) A trifoliate plant used as a national emblem by the Irish. The legend is that St. Patrick once plucked a leaf of it for use in illustrating the doctrine of the trinity. The original plant was probably a kind of wood sorrel ( Oxalis Acetocella); but now the name is given to the white clover ( Trifolium repens), and the black medic ( Medicago lupulina).

Shan’t A contraction of shall not. [Colloq.]

Shandrydan
Shan´dry•dan, n. A jocosely depreciative name for a vehicle. [Ireland]

Shandygaff
Shan´dy•gaff, n. A mixture of strong beer and ginger beer. [Eng.]

Shanghai
Shang•hai´, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Shanghaied p. pr. & vb. n. Shanghaiing.] To intoxicate and ship (a person) as a sailor while in this condition. [Written also shanghae.] [Slang, U.S.]

Shanghai
Shang•hai´, n. (Zoöl.) A large and tall breed of domestic fowl.

Shank, n. (Zoöl.) See Chank.

Shank, n. [OE. shanke, schanke, schonke, AS. scanca, sceanca, sconca, sceonca; akin to D. schonk a bone, G. schenkel thigh, shank, schinken ham, OHG. scincha shank, Dan. & Sw. skank. rad.161. Cf. Skink, v. ]
1. The part of the leg from the knee to the foot; the shin; the shin bone; also the whole leg.
"His youthful hose, well saved, a world too wide For his shrunk shank." Shak.
2. Hence, that part of an instrument, tool, or other thing, which connects the acting part with a handle or other part, by which it is held or moved. Specifically: (a) That part of a key which is between the bow and the part which enters the wards of the lock. (b) The middle part of an anchor, or that part which is between the ring and the arms. See Illust. . of Anchor. (c) That part of a hoe, rake, knife, or the like, by which it is secured to a handle. (d) A loop forming an eye to a button.
3. (Arch.) The space between two channels of the Doric triglyph. Gwilt.
4. (Founding) A large ladle for molten metal, fitted with long bars for handling it.
5. (Print.) The body of a type.
6. (Shoemaking) The part of the sole beneath the instep connecting the broader front part with the heel.
7. (Zoöl.) A wading bird with long legs; as the green-legged shank, or knot; the yellow shank, or tattler; — called also shanks.
8. pl. Flat-nosed pliers, used by opticians for nipping off the edges of pieces of glass to make them round. Shank painter (Naut.), a short rope or chain which holds the shank of an anchor against the side of a vessel when it is secured for a voyage. — To ride shank’s mare, to go on foot; to walk.

Shank, v. i. To fall off, as a leaf, flower, or capsule, on account of disease affecting the supporting footstalk; — usually followed by off. Darwin.

Shankbeer
Shank´beer, n. See Schenkbeer.

Shanker
Shank´er, n. (Med.) See Chancre.

Shanty
Shan´ty, a. Jaunty; showy. [Prov. Eng.]

Shanty
Shan´ty, n. ; pl. Shanties (#). [Said to be fr. Ir. sean old + tig. a house.] A small, mean dwelling; a rough, slight building for temporary use; a hut.

Shanty
Shan´ty, v. i. To inhabit a shanty. S. H. Hammond.

Shapable
Shap´a•ble, a.
1. That may be shaped.
2. Shapely. [R.] "Round and shapable." De Foe.

Shape (shap), v. t. [ imp. Shaped (shapt); p. p. Shaped or Shapen (shap"’n); p. pr. & vb. n. Shaping.] [OE. shapen, schapen, AS. sceapian. The p. p. shapen is from the strong verb, AS. scieppan, scyppan, sceppan, p. p. sceapen. See Shape, n. ]
1. To form or create; especially, to mold or make into a particular form; to give proper form or figure to.
"I was shapen in iniquity." Ps. li. 5.
"Grace shaped her limbs, and beauty decked her face." Prior.
2. To adapt to a purpose; to regulate; to adjust; to direct; as to shape the course of a vessel.
"To the stream, when neither friends, nor force, Nor speed nor art avail, he shapes his course." Denham.
"Charmed by their eyes, their manners I acquire, And shape my foolishness to their desire." Prior.
3. To image; to conceive; to body forth.
"Oft my jealousy Shapes faults that are not." Shak.
4. To design; to prepare; to plan; to arrange.
"When shapen was all this conspiracy, From point to point." Chaucer. Shaping machine. (Mach.) Same as Shaper. — To shape one’s self, to prepare; to make ready. [Obs.]
"I will early shape me therefor." Chaucer.

Shape (shap), v. i. To suit; to be adjusted or conformable. [R.] Shak.

Shape, n. [OE. shap, schap, AS. sceap in gesceap creation, creature, fr. the root of scieppan, scyppan, sceppan, to shape, to do, to effect; akin to OS. gi skeppian, OFries. skeppa, D. scheppen, G. schaffen, OHG. scaffan, scepfen, skeffen, Icer. skapa, skepja, Dan. skabe, skaffe, Sw. skapa, skaffa, Goth. ga skapjan, and perhaps to E. shave, v. Cf. -ship.]
1. Character or construction of a thing as determining its external appearance; outward aspect; make; figure; form; guise; as the shape of a tree; the shape of the head; an elegant shape.
"He beat me grievously, in the shape of a woman." Shak.
2. That which has form or figure; a figure; an appearance; a being.
"Before the gates three sat, On either side, a formidable shape." Milton.
3. A model; a pattern; a mold.
4. Form of embodiment, as in words; form, as of thought or conception; concrete embodiment or example, as of some quality. Milton.
5. Dress for disguise; guise. [Obs.]
"Look better on this virgin, and consider This Persian shape laid by, and she appearing In a Greekish dress." Messinger.
6. (Iron Manuf.) (a) A rolled or hammered piece, as a bar, beam, angle iron, etc., having a cross section different from merchant bar. (b) A piece which has been roughly forged nearly to the form it will receive when completely forged or fitted. To take shape, to assume a definite form.

Shapeliness
Shape´li•ness, n. The quality or state of being shapely.

Shapely
Shape´ly, a. [ Compar. Shapelier superl. Shapeliest.]
1. Well-formed; having a regular shape; comely; symmetrical. T. Warton.
"Waste sandy valleys, once perplexed with thorn, The spiry fir and shapely box adorn." Pope.
"Where the shapely column stood." Couper.
2. Fit; suitable. [Obs.]
"Shaply for to be an alderman." Chaucer.

Shapoo
Sha´poo, n. (Zoöl.) The oörial.

Shaps, n. pl. [Shortened fr. chaparajos. Cf. Chaps.] Chaparajos. [Western U. S.]
"A pair of gorgeous buckskin shaps, embroidered up the sides and adorned with innumerable ermine skins." The Century.

Sharded
Shard´ed, a. (Zoöl.) Having elytra, as a beetle.

Shardy
Shard´y, a. Having, or consisting of, shards.

Share, n. [OE. schar, AS. scear; akin to OHG. scaro, G. schar, pflug shar, and E. shear, v. See Shear.]
1. The part (usually an iron or steel plate) of a plow which cuts the ground at the bottom of a furrow; a plowshare.
2. The part which opens the ground for the reception of the seed, in a machine for sowing seed. Knight.

Share, n. [OE. share, AS. scearu, scaru, fr. sceran to shear, cut. See Shear, v. ]
1. A certain quantity; a portion; a part; a division; as a small share of prudence.
2. Especially, the part allotted or belonging to one, of any property or interest owned by a number; a portion among others; an apportioned lot; an allotment; a dividend. "My share of fame." Dryden.
3. Hence, one of a certain number of equal portions into which any property or invested capital is divided; as a ship owned in ten shares.
4. The pubes; the sharebone. [Obs.] Holland. To go shares, to partake; to be equally concerned. — Share and share alike, in equal shares.

Share, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Shared p. pr. & vb. n. Sharing.]
1. To part among two or more; to distribute in portions; to divide.
"Suppose I share my fortune equally between my children and a stranger." Swift.
2. To partake of, use, or experience, with others; to have a portion of; to take and possess in common; as to share a shelter with another.
"While avarice and rapine share the land." Milton.
3. To cut; to shear; to cleave; to divide. [Obs.]
"The shared visage hangs on equal sides." Dryden.

Share, v. i. To have part; to receive a portion; to partake, enjoy, or suffer with others.
"A right of inheritance gave every one a title to share in the goods of his father." Locke.

Sharebeam
Share´beam, n. The part of the plow to which the share is attached.

Sharebone
Share´bone, n. (Anat.) The public bone.

Sharebroker
Share´bro•ker, n. A broker who deals in railway or other shares and securities.

Shareholder
Share´hold•er, n. One who holds or owns a share or shares in a joint fund or property.

Sharer
Shar´er, n. One who shares; a participator; a partaker; also a divider; a distributer.

Sharewort
Share´wort, n. (Bot.) A composite plant ( Aster Tripolium) growing along the seacoast of Europe.

Shark, n. [Of uncertain origin; perhaps through OF. fr. carcharus a kind of dogfish, Gr. karchari•as, so called from its sharp teeth, fr. ka•rcharos having sharp or jagged teeth; or perhaps named from its rapacity (cf. Shark, v. t. & i.); cf. Corn. scarceas.]
1. (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of elasmobranch fishes of the order Plagiostomi, found in all seas. Some sharks, as the basking shark and the whale shark, grow to an enormous size, the former becoming forty feet or more, and the latter sixty feet or more, in length. Most of them are harmless to man, but some are exceedingly voracious. The man-eating sharks mostly belong to the genera Carcharhinus, Carcharodon, and related genera. They have several rows of large sharp teeth with serrated edges, as the great white shark ( Carcharodon carcharias or Rondeleti) of tropical seas and the great blue shark ( Carcharhinus glaucus) of all tropical and temperate seas. The former sometimes becomes thirty-six feet long, and is the most voracious and dangerous species known. The rare man-eating shark of the United States coast ( Charcarodon Atwoodi) is thought by some to be a variety, or the young, of C. carcharias. The dusky shark ( Carcharhinus obscurus), and the smaller blue shark ( C. caudatus), both common species on the coast of the United States, are of moderate size and not dangerous. They feed on shellfish and bottom fishes.
2. A rapacious, artful person; a sharper. [Colloq.]
3. Trickery; fraud; petty rapine; as to live upon the shark. [Obs.] South. Baskin shark, Liver shark, Nurse shark, Oil shark, Sand shark, Tiger shark, etc. See under Basking, Liver, etc. See also Dogfish, Houndfish, Notidanian, and Tope. — Gray shark, the sand shark. — Hammer-headed shark. See Hammerhead. — Port Jackson shark. See Cestraciont. — Shark barrow, the eggcase of a shark; a sea purse. — Shark ray. Same as Angel fish (a), under Angel. — Thrasher shark, or Thresher shark, a large, voracious shark. See Thrasher. — Whale shark, a huge harmless shark ( Rhinodon typicus) of the Indian Ocean. It becomes sixty feet or more in length, but has very small teeth.

Shark, v. t. [Of uncertain origin; perhaps fr. shark, n., or perhaps related to E. shear (as hearken to hear), and originally meaning, to clip off. Cf. Shirk.] To pick or gather indiscriminately or covertly. [Obs.] Shak.

Shark, v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Sharked p. pr. & vb. n. Sharking.]
1. To play the petty thief; to practice fraud or trickery; to swindle.
"Neither sharks for a cup or a reckoning." Bp. Earle.
2. To live by shifts and stratagems. Beau. & Fl.

Sharking
Shark´ing, n. Petty rapine; trick; also seeking a livelihood by shifts and dishonest devices.

Sharock
Shar´ock, n. An East Indian coin of the value of 12½ pence sterling, or about 25 cents.

Sharp, a. [ Compar. Sharper superl. Sharpest.] [OE. sharp, scharp, scarp, AS. scearp; akin to OS. skarp, LG. scharp, D. scherp, G. scharf, Dan. & Sw. skarp, Icel. skarpr. Cf. Escarp, Scrape, Scorpion.]
1. Having a very thin edge or fine point; of a nature to cut or pierce easily; not blunt or dull; keen.
"He dies upon my scimeter’s sharp point." Shak.
2. Terminating in a point or edge; not obtuse or rounded; somewhat pointed or edged; peaked or ridged; as a sharp hill; sharp features.
3. Affecting the sense as if pointed or cutting, keen, penetrating, acute: to the taste or smell, pungent, acid, sour, as ammonia has a sharp taste and odor; to the hearing, piercing, shrill, as a sharp sound or voice; to the eye, instantaneously brilliant, dazzling, as a sharp flash.
4. (Mus.) (a) High in pitch; acute; as a sharp note or tone. (b) Raised a semitone in pitch; as C sharp (C♯), which is a half step, or semitone, higher than C. (c) So high as to be out of tune, or above true pitch; as the tone is sharp; that instrument is sharp. Opposed in all these senses to flat.
5. Very trying to the feelings; piercing; keen; severe; painful; distressing; as sharp pain, weather; a sharp and frosty air.
"Sharp misery had worn him to the bones." Shak.
"The morning sharp and clear." Cowper.
"In sharpest perils faithful proved." Keble.
6. Cutting in language or import; biting; sarcastic; cruel; harsh; rigorous; severe; as a sharp rebuke. "That sharp look." Tennyson.
"To that place the sharp Athenian law Can not pursue us." Shak.
"Be thy words severe, Sharp as merits but the sword forbear." Dryden.
7. Of keen perception; quick to discern or distinguish; having nice discrimination; acute; penetrating; sagacious; clever; as a sharp eye; sharp sight, hearing, or judgment.
"Nothing makes men sharper … than want." Addison.
"Many other things belong to the material world, wherein the sharpest philosophers have never ye arrived at clear and distinct ideas." L. Watts.
8. Eager in pursuit; keen in quest; impatient for gratification; keen; as a sharp appetite.
9. Fierce; ardent; fiery; violent; impetuous. "In sharp contest of battle." Milton.
"A sharp assault already is begun." Dryden.
10. Keenly or unduly attentive to one’s own interest; close and exact in dealing; shrewd; as a sharp dealer; a sharp customer.
"The necessity of being so sharp and exacting." Swift.
11. Composed of hard, angular grains; gritty; as sharp sand. Moxon.
12. Steep; precipitous; abrupt; as a sharp ascent or descent; a sharp turn or curve.
13. (Phonetics) Uttered in a whisper, or with the breath alone, without voice, as certain consonants, such as p, k, t, f; surd; nonvocal; aspirated. Sharp is often used in the formation of self- explaining compounds; as sharp-cornered, sharp-edged, sharp-pointed, sharp-tasted, sharp-visaged, etc. Sharp practice, the getting of an advantage, or the attempt to do so, by a tricky expedient. — To brace sharp, or To sharp up (Naut.), to turn the yards to the most oblique position possible, that the ship may lie well up to the wind.
Syn. — Keen; acute; piercing; penetrating; quick; sagacious; discerning; shrewd; witty; ingenious; sour; acid; tart; pungent; acrid; severe; poignant; biting; acrimonious; sarcastic; cutting; bitter; painful; afflictive; violent; harsh; fierce; ardent; fiery.

Sharp, adv.
1. To a point or edge; piercingly; eagerly; sharply. M. Arnold.
"The head [of a spear] full sharp yground." Chaucer.
"You bite so sharp at reasons." Shak.
2. Precisely; exactly; as we shall start at ten o’clock sharp. [Colloq.] Look sharp, attend; be alert. [Colloq.]

Sharp, n.
1. A sharp tool or weapon. [Obs.]
"If butchers had but the manners to go to sharps, gentlemen would be contented with a rubber at cuffs." Collier.
2. (Mus.) (a) The character [♯] used to indicate that the note before which it is placed is to be raised a half step, or semitone, in pitch. (b) A sharp tone or note. Shak.
3. A portion of a stream where the water runs very rapidly. [Prov. Eng.] C. Kingsley.
4. A sewing needle having a very slender point; a needle of the most pointed of the three grades, blunts, betweens, and sharps.
5. pl. Same as Middlings, 1.
6. An expert. [Slang]

Sharp, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Sharped p. pr. & vb. n. Sharping.]
1. To sharpen. [Obs.] Spenser.
2. (Mus.) To raise above the proper pitch; to elevate the tone of; especially, to raise a half step, or semitone, above the natural tone.

Sharp, v. i.
1. To play tricks in bargaining; to act the sharper. L’Estrange.
2. (Mus.) To sing above the proper pitch.

Sharp-cut, a. Cut sharply or definitely, or so as to make a clear, well-defined impression, as the lines of an engraved plate, and the like; clear-cut; hence, having great distinctness; well-defined; clear.

Sharpen
Sharp´en, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Sarpened p. pr. & vb. n. Sharpening.] [See Sharp, a. ] To make sharp. Specifically: (a) To give a keen edge or fine point to; to make sharper; as to sharpen an ax, or the teeth of a saw. (b) To render more quick or acute in perception; to make more ready or ingenious.
"The air … sharpened his visual ray To objects distant far." Milton.
"He that wrestles with us strengthens our nerves and sharpens our skill." Burke. (c) To make more eager; as to sharpen men’s desires.
"Epicurean cooks Sharpen with cloyless sauce his appetite." Shak. (d) To make more pungent and intense; as to sharpen a pain or disease. (e) To make biting, sarcastic, or severe. "Sharpen each word." E. Smith. (f) To render more shrill or piercing.
"Inclosures not only preserve sound, but increase and sharpen it." Bacon. (g) To make more tart or acid; to make sour; as the rays of the sun sharpen vinegar. (h) (Mus.) To raise, as a sound, by means of a sharp; to apply a sharp to.

Sharpen
Sharp´en, v. i. To grow or become sharp.

Sharper
Sharp´er, n. A person who bargains closely, especially, one who cheats in bargains; a swinder; also a cheating gamester.
"Sharpers, as pikes, prey upon their own kind." L’Estrange.
Syn. — Swindler; cheat; deceiver; trickster; rogue. See Swindler.

Sharpling
Sharp´ling, n. (Zoöl.) A stickleback. [Prov. Eng.]

Sharply
Sharp´ly, adv. In a sharp manner,; keenly; acutely.
"They are more sharply to be chastised and reformed than the rude Irish." Spenser.
"The soldiers were sharply assailed with wants." Hayward.
"You contract your eye when you would see sharply." Bacon.

Sharpness
Sharp´ness, n. [AS. scearpness.] The quality or condition of being sharp; keenness; acuteness.

Sharpsaw
Sharp´saw, n. (Zoöl.) The great titmouse; — so called from its harsh call notes. [Prov. Eng.]

Sharp-set
Sharp´-set, a. Eager in appetite or desire of gratification; affected by keen hunger; ravenous; as an eagle or a lion sharp-set.
"The town is sharp-set on new plays." Pope.

Sharpshooter
Sharp´shoot•er, n. One skilled in shooting at an object with exactness; a good marksman.

Sharpshooting
Sharp´shoot•ing, n. A shooting with great precision and effect; hence, a keen contest of wit or argument.

Sharp-sighted
Sharp´-sight•ed, a. Having quick or acute sight; — used literally and figuratively. — Sharp•-sight•ed•ness, n.

Sharptail
Sharp´tail, n. (Zoöl.) (a) The pintail duck. (b) The pintail grouse, or prairie chicken.

Sharp-witted
Sharp´-wit•ted, a. Having an acute or nicely discerning mind.

Shash, n. [See Sash.]
1. The scarf of a turban. [Obs.] Fuller.
2. A sash. [Obs.] { Shas´ter, Shas´tra } n. [Skr. castra an order or command, a sacred book, fr. cas to order, instruct, govern. Cf. Sastra.] A treatise for authoritative instruction among the Hindoos; a book of institutes; especially, a treatise explaining the Vedas. [Written also sastra.]

Shasta daisy. A large-flowered garden variety of the oxeye daisy.

Shasta fir. A Californian fir ( Abies shastensis).

Shasta Sam. (Card Playing) A game like California Jack, except that the pack drawn from is turned face down.

Shathmont
Shath´mont, n. A shaftment. [Scot.]

Shatter
Shat´ter, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Shattered p. pr. & vb. n. Shattering.] [OE. schateren, scateren, to scatter, to dash, AS. scateran; cf. D. schateren to crack, to make a great noise, OD. schetteren to scatter, to burst, to crack. Cf. Scatter.]
1. To break at once into many pieces; to dash, burst, or part violently into fragments; to rend into splinters; as an explosion shatters a rock or a bomb; too much steam shatters a boiler; an oak is shattered by lightning.
"A monarchy was shattered to pieces, and divided amongst revolted subjects." Locke.
2. To disorder; to derange; to render unsound; as to be shattered in intellect; his constitution was shattered; his hopes were shattered.
"A man of a loose, volatile, and shattered humor." Norris.
3. To scatter about. [Obs.]
"Shatter your leaves before the mellowing year." Milton.

Shatter
Shat´ter, v. i. To be broken into fragments; to fall or crumble to pieces by any force applied.
"Some fragile bodies break but where the force is; some shatter and fly in many places." Bacon.

Shatter
Shat´ter, n. A fragment of anything shattered; — used chiefly or soley in the phrase into shatters; as to break a glass into shatters. Swift. { Shat´ter-brained•, Shat´ter-pat•ed } a. Disordered or wandering in intellect; hence, heedless; wild. J. Goodman.

Shattery
Shat´ter•y, a. Easily breaking into pieces; not compact; loose of texture; brittle; as shattery spar.

Shave, obs. p. p. of Shave. Chaucer.
"His beard was shave as nigh as ever he can." Chaucer.

Shave, v. t. [ imp. Shaved p. p. Shaved or Shaven ; p. pr. & vb. n. Shaving.] [OE. shaven, schaven, AS. scafan, sceafan; akin to D. schaven, G. schaben, Icel. skafa, Sw. skafva, Dan. skave, Goth. scaban, Russ. kopate to dig, Gr., and probably to L. scabere to scratch, to scrape. Cf. Scab, Shaft, Shape.]
1. To cut or pare off from the surface of a body with a razor or other edged instrument; to cut off closely, as with a razor; as to shave the beard.
2. To make bare or smooth by cutting off closely the surface, or surface covering, of; especially, to remove the hair from with a razor or other sharp instrument; to take off the beard or hair of; as to shave the face or the crown of the head; he shaved himself.
"I’ll shave your crown for this." Shak.
"The laborer with the bending scythe is seen Shaving the surface of the waving green." Gay.
3. To cut off thin slices from; to cut in thin slices.
"Plants bruised or shaven in leaf or root." Bacon.
4. To skim along or near the surface of; to pass close to, or touch lightly, in passing.
"Now shaves with level wing the deep." Milton.
5. To strip; to plunder; to fleece. [Colloq.] To shave a note, to buy it at a discount greater than the legal rate of interest, or to deduct in discounting it more than the legal rate allows. [Cant, U.S.]

Shave, v. i. To use a razor for removing the beard; to cut closely; hence, to be hard and severe in a bargain; to practice extortion; to cheat.

Shave, n. [AS. scafa, sceafa, a sort of knife. See Shave, v. t.]
1. A thin slice; a shaving. Wright.
2. A cutting of the beard; the operation of shaving.
3. (a) An exorbitant discount on a note. [Cant, U.S.] (b) A premium paid for an extension of the time of delivery or payment, or for the right to vary a stock contract in any particular. [Cant, U.S.] N. Biddle.
4. A hand tool consisting of a sharp blade with a handle at each end; a drawing knife; a spokeshave.
5. The act of passing very near to, so as almost to graze; as the bullet missed by a close shave. [Colloq.] Shave grass (Bot.), the scouring rush. See the Note under Equisetum. — Shave hook, a tool for scraping metals, consisting of a sharp- edged triangular steel plate attached to a shank and handle.

Shaver
Shav´er, n.
1. One who shaves; one whose occupation is to shave.
2. One who is close in bargains; a sharper. Swift.
3. One who fleeces; a pillager; a plunderer.
"By these shavers the Turks were stripped." Knolles.
4. A boy; a lad; a little fellow. [Colloq.] "These unlucky little shavers." Salmagundi.
"As I have mentioned at the door to this young shaver, I am on a chase in the name of the king." Dickens.
5. (Mech.) A tool or machine for shaving. A note shaver, a person who buys notes at a discount greater than the legal rate of interest. [Cant, U.S.]

Shaving
Shav´ing, n.
1. The act of one who, or that which, shaves; specifically, the act of cutting off the beard with a razor.
2. That which is shaved off; a thin slice or strip pared off with a shave, a knife, a plane, or other cutting instrument. "Shaving of silver." Chaucer. Shaving brush, a brush used in lathering the face preparatory to shaving it.

Shaw (sha), n. [OE. schawe, scha&yogh;e, thicket, grove, AS. scaga; akin to Dan. skov, Sw. skog, Icel. skogr.]
1. A thicket; a small wood or grove. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Burns.
"Gaillard he was as goldfinch in the shaw." Chaucer.
"The green shaws, the merry green woods." Howitt.
2. pl. The leaves and tops of vegetables, as of potatoes, turnips, etc. [Scot.] Jamieson.

Shawfowl
Shaw´fowl, n. [Scot. schaw, shaw, show + fowl.] The representation or image of a fowl made by fowlers to shoot at. Johnson.

Shawl, n. [Per. & Hind. shal: cf. F. châle.] A square or oblong cloth of wool, cotton, silk, or other textile or netted fabric, used, especially by women, as a loose covering for the neck and shoulders. India shawl, a kind of rich shawl made in India from the wool of the Cashmere goat. It is woven in pieces, which are sewed together. — Shawl goat (Zoöl.), the Cashmere goat.

Shawl, v. t. To wrap in a shawl. Thackeray.

Shawm, n. [OE. shalmie, OF. chalemie; cf. F. chalumeau shawm, chaume haulm, stalk; all fr. L. calamus a reed, reed pipe. See Haulm, and cf. Calumet.] (Mus.) A wind instrument of music, formerly in use, supposed to have resembled either the clarinet or the hautboy in form. [Written also shalm, shaum.] Otway.
"Even from the shrillest shaum unto the cornamute." Drayton.

Shay, n. A chaise. [Prov. Eng. & Local, U.S.]

She, pron. [ sing. nom. She; poss. Her. or Hers ; obj. Her; pl. nom. They poss. Their or Theirs ; obj. Them ] [OE. she, sche, scheo, scho, AS. seó, fem. of the definite article, originally a demonstrative pronoun; cf. OS. siu, D. zij, G. sie, OHG. siu, si, si, Icel. su, sja, Goth. si she, so, fem. article, Russ. siia, fem., this, Gr., fem. article, Skr. sa, sya. The possessive her or hers, and the objective her, are from a different root. See Her.]
1. This or that female; the woman understood or referred to; the animal of the female sex, or object personified as feminine, which was spoken of.
"She loved her children best in every wise." Chaucer.
"Then Sarah denied, … for she was afraid." Gen. xviii. 15.
2. A woman; a female; — used substantively. [R.]
"Lady, you are the cruelest she alive." Shak. She is used in composition with nouns of common gender, for female, to denote an animal of the female sex; as a she-bear; a she-cat.

Sheading
Shead´ing, n. [From AS. scadan, sceádan, to separate, divide. See Shed, v. t.] A tithing, or division, in the Isle of Man, in which there is a coroner, or chief constable. The island is divided into six sheadings.

Sheafy
Sheaf´y, a. Pertaining to, or consisting of, a sheaf or sheaves; resembling a sheaf.

Sheal, n. Same as Sheeling. [Scot.]

Sheal, v. t. To put under a sheal or shelter. [Scot.]

Sheal, v. t. [See Shell.] To take the husks or pods off from; to shell; to empty of its contents, as a husk or a pod. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Jamieson.
"That’s a shealed peascod." Shak.

Sheal, n. A shell or pod. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

Shealing
Sheal´ing, n. The outer husk, pod, or shell, as of oats, pease, etc.; sheal; shell. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

Shealing
Sheal´ing, n. Same as Sheeling. [Scot.]

Shearing
Shear´ing, n.
1. The act or operation of clipping with shears or a shearing machine, as the wool from sheep, or the nap from cloth.
2. The product of the act or operation of clipping with shears or a shearing machine; as the whole shearing of a flock; the shearings from cloth.
3. Same as Shearling. Youatt.
4. The act or operation of reaping. [Scot.]
5. The act or operation of dividing with shears; as the shearing of metal plates.
6. The process of preparing shear steel; tilting.
7. (Mining) The process of making a vertical side cutting in working into a face of coal. Shearing machine. (a) A machine with blades, or rotary disks, for dividing plates or bars of metal. (b) A machine for shearing cloth.

Shearman
Shear´man, n. ; pl. Shearmen . One whose occupation is to shear cloth.

Shearn, n. [AS. scearn. Cf. Scarn.] Dung; excrement. [Obs.] [Written also shern.] Holland.

Shearwater
Shear´wa•ter, n. [ Shear + water; cf. G. wassersherer; — so called from its running lightly along the surface of the water.] (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of long-winged oceanic birds of the genus Puffinus and related genera. They are allied to the petrels, but are larger. The Manx shearwater ( P. Anglorum), the dusky shearwater ( P. obscurus), and the greater shearwater ( P. major), are well-known species of the North Atlantic. See Hagdon.

Sheathe, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Sheathed p. pr. & vb. n. Sheating.] [Written also sheath.]
1. To put into a sheath, case, or scabbard; to inclose or cover with, or as with, a sheath or case.
"The leopard … keeps the claws of his fore feet turned up from the ground, and sheathed in the skin of his toes." Grew.
"’T is in my breast she sheathes her dagger now." Dryden.
2. To fit or furnish, as with a sheath. Shak.
3. To case or cover with something which protects, as thin boards, sheets of metal, and the like; as to sheathe a ship with copper.
4. To obtund or blunt, as acrimonious substances, or sharp particles. [R.] Arbuthnot. To sheathe the sword, to make peace.

Sheather
Sheath´er, n. One who sheathes.

Sheathfish
Sheath´fish, n. (Zoöl.) Same as Sheatfish.

Sheathless
Sheath´less, a. Without a sheath or case for covering; unsheathed.

Sheath-winged
Sheath´-winged, a. (Zoöl.) Having elytra, or wing cases, as a beetle.

Sheathy
Sheath´y, a. Forming or resembling a sheath or case. Sir T. Browne.

Sheave, n. [Akin to OD. schijve orb, disk, wheel, D. schiff, G. scheibe, Icel. skifa a shaving, slice; cf. Gr. a staff. Cf. Shift, v. , Shive.] A wheel having a groove in the rim for a rope to work in, and set in a block, mast, or the like; the wheel of a pulley. Sheave hole, a channel cut in a mast, yard, rail, or other timber, in which to fix a sheave.

Sheave, v. t. [See Sheaf of straw.] To gather and bind into a sheaf or sheaves; hence, to collect. Ashmole.

Shebander
Sheb´an•der, n. [Per. shahbandar.] A harbor master, or ruler of a port, in the East Indies. [Written also shebunder.]

Shebang
She•bang´, n. [Cf. Shebeen.] A jocosely depreciative name for a dwelling or shop. [Slang,U.S.]

Shechinah
She•chi´nah, n. See Shekinah.

Shedder
Shed´der, n.
1. One who, or that which, sheds; as a shedder of blood; a shedder of tears.
2. (Zoöl.) A crab in the act of casting its shell, or immediately afterwards while still soft; — applied especially to the edible crabs, which are most prized while in this state.

Shedding
Shed´ding, n.
1. The act of shedding, separating, or casting off or out; as the shedding of blood.
2. That which is shed, or cast off. [R.] Wordsworth. { Sheel´fa, Shil´fa }, n. (Zoöl.) The chaffinch; — so named from its call note. [Prov. Eng.]

Sheeling
Sheel´ing, n. [Icel. skjol a shelter, a cover; akin to Dan. & Sw. skjul.] A hut or small cottage in an exposed or a retired place (as on a mountain or at the seaside) such as is used by shepherds, fishermen, sportsmen, etc.; a summer cottage; also a shed. [Written also sheel, shealing, sheiling, etc.] [Scot.]

Sheely
Sheel´y, n. (Zoöl.) Same as Sheelfa.

Sheenly
Sheen´´ly, adv. Brightly. [R.] Mrs. Browning.

Sheeny
Sheen´y, a. Bright; shining; radiant; sheen. "A sheeny summer morn." Tennyson.

Sheep, n. sing. & pl. [OE. shep, scheep, AS. scp, sceáp; akin to OFries. skp, LG. & D. schaap, G. schaf, OHG. scaf, Skr. chaga. rad.295. Cf. Sheepherd.]
1. (Zoöl.) Any one of several species of ruminants of the genus Ovis, native of the higher mountains of both hemispheres, but most numerous in Asia. The domestic sheep ( Ovis aries) varies much in size, in the length and texture of its wool, the form and size of its horns, the length of its tail, etc. It was domesticated in prehistoric ages, and many distinct breeds have been produced; as the merinos, celebrated for their fine wool; the Cretan sheep, noted for their long horns; the fat-tailed, or Turkish, sheep, remarkable for the size and fatness of the tail, which often has to be supported on trucks; the Southdowns, in which the horns are lacking; and an Asiatic breed which always has four horns.
2. A weak, bashful, silly fellow. Ainsworth.
3. pl. Fig.: The people of God, as being under the government and protection of Christ, the great Shepherd. Rocky mountain sheep. (Zoöl.) See Bighorn. — Maned sheep. (Zoöl.) See Aoudad. — Sheep bot (Zoöl.), the larva of the sheep botfly. See Estrus. — Sheep dog (Zoöl.), a shepherd dog, or collie. — Sheep laurel (Bot.), a small North American shrub ( Kalmia angustifolia) with deep rose-colored flowers in corymbs. — Sheep pest (Bot.), an Australian plant ( Acaena ovina) related to the burnet. The fruit is covered with barbed spines, by which it adheres to the wool of sheep. — Sheep run, an extensive tract of country where sheep range and graze. — Sheep’s beard (Bot.), a cichoraceous herb ( Urospermum Dalechampii) of Southern Europe; — so called from the conspicuous pappus of the achenes. — Sheep’s bit (Bot.), a European herb ( Jasione montana) having much the appearance of scabious. — Sheep pox (Med.), a contagious disease of sheep, characterixed by the development of vesicles or pocks upon the skin. — Sheep scabious. (Bot.) Same as Sheep’s bit. — Sheep shears, shears in which the blades form the two ends of a steel bow, by the elasticity of which they open as often as pressed together by the hand in cutting; — so called because used to cut off the wool of sheep. — Sheep sorrel. (Bot.), a prerennial herb ( Rumex Acetosella) growing naturally on poor, dry, gravelly soil. Its leaves have a pleasant acid taste like sorrel. — Sheep’s-wool (Zoöl.), the highest grade of Florida commercial sponges ( Spongia equina, variety gossypina). — Sheep tick (Zoöl.), a wingless parasitic insect ( Melophagus ovinus) belonging to the Diptera. It fixes its proboscis in the skin of the sheep and sucks the blood, leaving a swelling. Called also sheep pest, and sheep louse. — Sheep walk, a pasture for sheep; a sheep run. — Wild sheep. (Zoöl.) See Argali, Mouflon, and Oörial.

Sheep’s-foot, n. A printer’s tool consisting of a metal bar formed into a hammer head at one end and a claw at the other, — used as a lever and hammer.

Sheepback
Sheep´back, n. (Geol.) A rounded knoll of rock resembling the back of a sheep. — produced by glacial action. Called also roche moutonnee; — usually in the plural.

Sheepberry
Sheep´ber•ry, n. (Bot.) The edible fruit of a small North American tree of the genus Viburnum ( V. Lentago), having white flowers in flat cymes; also the tree itself. Called also nannyberry.

Sheepbite
Sheep´bite, v. i. To bite or nibble like a sheep; hence, to practice petty thefts. [Obs.] Shak.

Sheepbiter
Sheep´bit•er, n. One who practices petty thefts. [Obs.] Shak.
"There are political sheepbiters as well as pastoral; betrayers of public trusts as well as of private." L’Estrange. { Sheep´cot•, Sheep´cote• } n. A small inclosure for sheep; a pen; a fold.

Sheep-faced
Sheep´-faced, a. Over-bashful; sheepish.

Sheepfold
Sheep´fold, n. A fold or pen for sheep; a place where sheep are collected or confined.

Sheep-headed
Sheep´-head•ed, a. Silly; simple-minded; stupid. Taylor (1630)

Sheephook
Sheep´hook, n. A hook fastened to pole, by which shepherds lay hold on the legs or necks of their sheep; a shepherd’s crook. Dryden.

Sheepish
Sheep´ish, a.
1. Of or pertaining to sheep. [Obs.]
2. Like a sheep; bashful; over-modest; meanly or foolishly diffident; timorous to excess.
"Wanting change of company, he will, when he comes abroad, be a sheepish or conceited creature." Locke. — Sheep´ish•ly, adv. — Sheep´ish•ness, n.

Sheepmaster
Sheep´mas•ter, n. A keeper or feeder of sheep; also an owner of sheep. 2 Kings iii. 4.

Sheeprack
Sheep´rack, n. (Zoöl.) The starling.

Sheepshank
Sheep´shank, n. (Naut.) A hitch by which a rope may be temporarily shortened.

Sheepshead
Sheeps´head, n. [So called because of the fancied resemblance of its head and front teeth to those of a sheep.] (Zoöl.) A large and valuable sparoid food fish ( Archosargus, or Diplodus, probatocephalus) found on the Atlantic coast of the United States. It often weighs from ten to twelve pounds. The name is also locally, in a loose way, applied to various other fishes, as the butterfish, the fresh-water drumfish, the parrot fish, the porgy, and the moonfish.

Sheep-shearer
Sheep´-shear•er, n. One who shears, or cuts off the wool from, sheep.

Sheep-shearing
Sheep´-shear•ing, n.
1. Act of shearing sheep.
2. A feast at the time of sheep- shearing. Shak.

Sheepskin
Sheep´skin, n.
1. The skin of a sheep; or, leather prepared from it.
2. A diploma; — so called because usually written or printed on parchment prepared from the skin of the sheep. [College Cant]

Sheepsplit
Sheep´split, n. A split of a sheepskin; one of the thin sections made by splitting a sheepskin with a cutting knife or machine.

Sheepy
Sheep´y, a. Resembling sheep; sheepish. Testament of Love.

Sheer, a. [OE. shere, skere, pure, bright, Icel. skrr; akin to skirr, AS. scir, OS. skiri, MHG. schir, G. schier, Dan. skr, Sw. skär, Goth. skeirs clear, and E. shine. rad.157. See Shine, v. i.]
1. Bright; clear; pure; unmixed. "Sheer ale." Shak.
"Thou sheer, immaculate, and silver fountain." Shak.
2. Very thin or transparent; — applied to fabrics; as sheer muslin.
3. Being only what it seems to be; obvious; simple; mere; downright; as sheer folly; sheer nonsense. "A sheer impossibility." De Quincey.
"It is not a sheer advantage to have several strings to one’s bow." M. Arnold.
4. Stright up and down; vertical; prpendicular.
"A sheer precipice of a thousand feet." J. D. Hooker.
"It was at least Nine roods of sheer ascent." Wordsworth.

Sheer, adv. Clean; quite; at once. [Obs.] Milton.

Sheer, v. t. [See Shear.] To shear. [Obs.] Dryden.

Sheer, v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Sheered p. pr. & vb. n. Sheering.] [D. sheren to shear, cut, withdraw, warp. See Shear.] To decline or deviate from the line of the proper course; to turn aside; to swerve; as a ship sheers from her course; a horse sheers at a bicycle. To sheer off, to turn or move aside to a distance; to move away. — To sheer up, to approach obliquely.

Sheer, n.
1. (Naut.) (a) The longitudinal upward curvature of the deck, gunwale, and lines of a vessel, as when viewed from the side. (b) The position of a vessel riding at single anchor and swinging clear of it.
2. A turn or change in a course.
"Give the canoe a sheer and get nearer to the shore." Cooper.
3. pl. Shears See Shear. Sheer batten (Shipbuilding), a long strip of wood to guide the carpenters in following the sheer plan. — Sheer boom, a boom slanting across a stream to direct floating logs to one side. — Sheer hulk. See Shear hulk, under Hulk. — Sheer plan, or Sheer draught (Shipbuilding), a projection of the lines of a vessel on a vertical longitudinal plane passing through the middle line of the vessel. — Sheer pole (Naut.), an iron rod lashed to the shrouds just above the dead-eyes and parallel to the ratlines. — Sheer strake (Shipbuilding), the strake under the gunwale on the top side. Totten. — To break sheer (Naut.), to deviate from sheer, and risk fouling the anchor.

Sheerwater
Sheer´wa•ter, n. (Zoöl.) The shearwater.

Sheet, n. [OE. shete, schete, AS. scete, scyte, fr. sceát a projecting corner, a fold in a garment (akin to D. schoot sheet, bosom, lap, G. schoss bosom, lap, flap of a coat, Icel. skaut, Goth. skauts the hem of a garment); originally, that which shoots out, from the root of AS. sceótan to shoot. rad.159. See Shoot, v. t.] In general, a large, broad piece of anything thin, as paper, cloth, etc.; a broad, thin portion of any substance; an expanded superficies. Specifically: (a) A broad piece of cloth, usually linen or cotton, used for wrapping the body or for a covering; especially, one used as an article of bedding next to the body.
"He fell into a trance, and saw heaven opened, and a certain vessel descending unto him, as it had been a great sheet knit at the four corners." Acts x. 10, 11.
"If I do die before thee, prithee, shroud me In one of those same sheets." Shak. (b) A broad piece of paper, whether folded or unfolded, whether blank or written or printed upon; hence, a letter; a newspaper, etc. (c) A single signature of a book or a pamphlet; in pl. , the book itself.
"To this the following sheets are intended for a full and distinct answer." Waterland. (d) A broad, thinly expanded portion of metal or other substance; as a sheet of copper, of glass, or the like; a plate; a leaf. (e) A broad expanse of water, or the like. "The two beautiful sheets of water." Macaulay. (f) A sail. Dryden. (g) (Geol.) An extensive bed of an eruptive rock intruded between, or overlying, other strata.
2. [AS. sceáta. See the Etymology above.] (Naut.) (a) A rope or chain which regulates the angle of adjustment of a sail in relation in relation to the wind; — usually attached to the lower corner of a sail, or to a yard or a boom. (b) pl. The space in the forward or the after part of a boat where there are no rowers; as fore sheets; stern sheets. Sheet is often used adjectively, or in combination, to denote that the substance to the name of which it is prefixed is in the form of sheets, or thin plates or leaves; as sheet brass, or sheet-brass; sheet glass, or sheet-glass; sheet gold, or sheet-gold; sheet iron, or sheet- iron, etc. A sheet in the wind, half drunk. [Sailors’ Slang] — Both sheets in the wind, very drunk. [Sailors’ Slang] — In sheets, lying flat or expanded; not folded, or folded but not bound; — said especially of printed sheets. — Sheet bend (Naut.), a bend or hitch used for temporarily fastening a rope to the bight of another rope or to an eye. — Sheet lightning, Sheet piling, etc. See under Lightning, Piling, etc.

Sheet, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Sheeted; p. pr. & vb. n. Sheeting.]
1. To furnish with a sheet or sheets; to wrap in, or cover with, a sheet, or as with a sheet. "The sheeted dead." "When snow the pasture sheets." Shak.
2. To expand, as a sheet.
"The star shot flew from the welkin blue, As it fell from the sheeted sky." J. R. Drake.To sheet home (Naut.), to haul upon a sheet until the sail is as flat, and the clew as near the wind, as possible.

Sheet chain
Sheet" chain" (Naut.) A chain sheet cable.

Sheetful
Sheet´ful, n. ; pl. Sheetfuls . Enough to fill a sheet; as much as a sheet can hold.

Sheeting
Sheet´ing, n.
1. Cotton or linen cloth suitable for bed sheets. It is sometimes made of double width.
2. (Hydraul. Engin.) A lining of planks or boards (rarely of metal) for protecting an embankment.
3. The act or process of forming into sheets, or flat pieces; also material made into sheets.

Sheik, n. [Ar. sheikh, shaykh, a venerable old man, a chief, fr. shakha to grow or be old.] The head of an Arab family, or of a clan or a tribe; also the chief magistrate of an Arab village. The name is also applied to Mohammedan ecclesiastics of a high grade. [Written also scheik, shaik, sheikh.] { Sheil (shel), Sheil´ing } n. See Sheeling.

Shekinah
She•ki´nah, n. [Heb Talmud shekinah, fr. shakan to inhabit.] The visible majesty of the Divine Presence, especially when resting or dwelling between the cherubim on the mercy seat, in the Tabernacle, or in the Temple of Solomon; — a term used in the Targums and by the later Jews, and adopted by Christians. [Written also Shechinah.] Dr. W. Smith (Bib. Dict.)

Sheld, a. [OE., fr. sheld a shield, probably in allusion to the ornamentation of shields. See Shield.] Variegated; spotted; speckled; piebald. [Prov. Eng.] { Sheld´a•fle, Sheld´a•ple } n. [Perhaps for sheld dapple. Cf. Sheldrake.] (Zoöl.) A chaffinch. [Written also sheldapple, and shellapple.]

Sheldrake
Shel´drake, n. [ Sheld + drake.]
1. (Zoöl.) Any one of several species of large Old World ducks of the genus Tadorna and allied genera, especially the European and Asiatic species. ( T. cornuta, or tadorna), which somewhat resembles a goose in form and habit, but breeds in burrows. It has the head and neck greenish black, the breast, sides, and forward part of the back brown, the shoulders and middle of belly black, the speculum green, and the bill and frontal bright red. Called also shelduck, shellduck, sheldfowl, skeelduck, bergander, burrow duck, and links goose. The Australian sheldrake ( Tadorna radja) has the head, neck, breast, flanks, and wing coverts white, the upper part of the back and a band on the breast deep chestnut, and the back and tail black. The chestnut sheldrake of Australia ( Casarca tadornoides) is varied with black and chestnut, and has a dark green head and neck. The ruddy sheldrake, or Braminy duck ( C. rutila), and the white-winged sheldrake ( C. leucoptera), are related Asiatic species.
2. Any one of the American mergansers. The name is also loosely applied to other ducks, as the canvasback, and the shoveler.

Shelduck
Shel´duck, n. [ Sheld variegated + duck.] (Zoöl.) The sheldrake. [Written also shellduck.]

Shelf, n. ; pl. Shelves (#). [OE. shelfe, schelfe, AS. scylfe; akin to G. schelfe, Icel. skjalf. In senses 2 & 3, perhaps a different word (cf. Shelve, v. i.).]
1. (Arch.) A flat tablet or ledge of any material set horizontally at a distance from the floor, to hold objects of use or ornament.
2. A sand bank in the sea, or a rock, or ledge of rocks, rendering the water shallow, and dangerous to ships.
"On the tawny sands and shelves." Milton.
"On the secret shelves with fury cast." Dryden.
3. (Mining) A stratum lying in a very even manner; a flat, projecting layer of rock.
4. (Naut.) A piece of timber running the whole length of a vessel inside the timberheads. D. Kemp.To lay on the shelf, to lay aside as unnecessary or useless; to dismiss; to discard.

Shell, n. [OE. shelle, schelle, AS. scell, scyll; akin to D. shel, Icel. skel, Goth. skalja a tile, and E. skill. Cf. Scale of fishes, Shale, Skill.]
1. A hard outside covering, as of a fruit or an animal. Specifically: (a) The covering, or outside part, of a nut; as a hazelnut shell. (b) A pod. (c) The hard covering of an egg.
"Think him as a serpent’s egg, … And kill him in the shell." Shak. (d) (Zoöl.) The hard calcareous or chitinous external covering of mollusks, crustaceans, and some other invertebrates. In some mollusks, as the cuttlefishes, it is internal, or concealed by the mantle. also the hard covering of some vertebrates, as the armadillo, the tortoise, and the like. (e) (Zoöl.) Hence, by extension, any mollusks having such a covering.
2. (Mil.) A hollow projectile, of various shapes, adapted for a mortar or a cannon, and containing an explosive substance, ignited with a fuse or by percussion, by means of which the projectile is burst and its fragments scattered. See Bomb.
3. The case which holds the powder, or charge of powder and shot, used with breechloading small arms.
4. Any slight hollow structure; a framework, or exterior structure, regarded as not complete or filled in; as the shell of a house.
5. A coarse kind of coffin; also a thin interior coffin inclosed in a more substantial one. Knight.
6. An instrument of music, as a lyre, — the first lyre having been made, it is said, by drawing strings over a tortoise shell.
"When Jubal struck the chorded shell." Dryden.
7. An engraved copper roller used in print works.
8. pl. The husks of cacao seeds, a decoction of which is often used as a substitute for chocolate, cocoa, etc.
9. (Naut.) The outer frame or case of a block within which the sheaves revolve.
10. A light boat the frame of which is covered with thin wood or with paper; as a racing shell. Message shell, a bombshell inside of which papers may be put, in order to convey messages. — Shell bit, a tool shaped like a gouge, used with a brace in boring wood. See Bit, n. , 3. — Shell button. (a) A button made of shell. (b) A hollow button made of two pieces, as of metal, one for the front and the other for the back, — often covered with cloth, silk, etc. — Shell cameo, a cameo cut in shell instead of stone. — Shell flower. (Bot.) Same as Turtlehead. — Shell gland. (Zoöl.) (a) A glandular organ in which the rudimentary shell is formed in embryonic mollusks. (b) A glandular organ which secretes the eggshells of various worms, crustacea, mollusks, etc. — Shell gun, a cannon suitable for throwing shells. — Shell ibis (Zoöl.), the openbill of India. — Shell jacket, an undress military jacket. — Shell lime, lime made by burning the shells of shellfish. — Shell marl (Min.), a kind of marl characterized by an abundance of shells, or fragments of shells. — Shell meat, food consisting of shellfish, or testaceous mollusks. Fuller. — Shell mound. See under Mound. — Shell of a boiler, the exterior of a steam boiler, forming a case to contain the water and steam, often inclosing also flues and the furnace; the barrel of a cylindrical, or locomotive, boiler. — Shell road, a road of which the surface or bed is made of shells, as oyster shells. — Shell sand, minute fragments of shells constituting a considerable part of the seabeach in some places.

Shell, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Shelled p. pr. & vb. n. Shelling.]
1. To strip or break off the shell of; to take out of the shell, pod, etc.; as to shell nuts or pease; to shell oysters.
2. To separate the kernels of (an ear of Indian corn, wheat, oats, etc.) from the cob, ear, or husk.
3. To throw shells or bombs upon or into; to bombard; as to shell a town. To shell out, to distribute freely; to bring out or pay, as money. [Colloq.]

Shell, v. i.
1. To fall off, as a shell, crust, etc.
2. To cast the shell, or exterior covering; to fall out of the pod or husk; as nuts shell in falling.
3. To be disengaged from the ear or husk; as wheat or rye shells in reaping. { Shell´-lac•, Shel´lac• }, n. [ Shell + lac a resinous substance; cf. D. shellak, G. schellack.] See the Note under 2d Lac.

Shell, n.
1. Something similar in form or action to an ordnance shell; specif.: (a) (Fireworks) A case or cartridge containing a charge of explosive material, which bursts after having been thrown high into the air. It is often elevated through the agency of a larger firework in which it is contained. (b) (Oil Wells) A torpedo.
2. A concave rough cast-iron tool in which a convex lens is ground to shape.
3. A gouge bit or shell bit.

Shellapple
Shell´ap•ple, n. (Zoöl.) See Sheldafle.

Shelled, a. (Zoöl.) Having a shell.

Sheller
Shell´er, n. One who, or that which, shells; as an oyster sheller; a corn sheller.

Shellfish
Shell´fish, n. (Zoöl.) Any aquatic animal whose external covering consists of a shell, either testaceous, as in oysters, clams, and other mollusks, or crustaceous, as in lobsters and crabs.

Shelling
Shell´ing, n. Groats; hulled oats. Simmonds.

Shell-less
Shell´-less, a. Having no shell. J. Burroughs.

Shellproof
Shell´proof, a. Capable of resisting bombs or other shells; bombproof.

Shellwork
Shell´work, n. Work composed of shells, or adorned with them. Cotgrave.

Shelly
Shell´y, a. Abounding with shells; consisting of shells, or of a shell. "The shelly shore." Prior.
"Shrinks backward in his shelly cave." Shak.

Shelter
Shel´ter, n. [Cf. OE. scheltrun, shiltroun, schelltrome, scheldtrome, a guard, squadron, AS. scildtruma a troop of men with shields; scild shield + truma a band of men. See Shield, n. ]
1. That which covers or defends from injury or annoyance; a protection; a screen.
"The sick and weak the healing plant shall aid, From storms a shelter, and from heat a shade." Pope.
2. One who protects; a guardian; a defender.
"Thou [God] hast been a shelter for me." Ps. lxi. 3.
3. The state of being covered and protected; protection; security.
"Who into shelter takes their tender bloom." Young. Shelter tent,a small tent made of pieces of cotton duck arranged to button together. In field service the soldiers carry the pieces.
Syn. — Asylum; refuge; retreat; covert; sanctuary; protection; defense; security.

Shelter
Shel´ter, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Sheltered p. pr. & vb. n. Sheltering.]
1. To be a shelter for; to provide with a shelter; to cover from injury or annoyance; to shield; to protect.
"Those ruins sheltered once his sacred head." Dryden.
"You have no convents … in which such persons may be received and sheltered." Southey.
2. To screen or cover from notice; to disguise.
"In vain I strove to cheek my growing flame, Or shelter passion under friendship’s name." Prior.
3. To betake to cover, or to a safe place; — used reflexively.
"They sheltered themselves under a rock." Abp. Abbot.

Shelter
Shel´ter, v. i. To take shelter.
"There oft the Indian herdsman, shunning heat, Shelters in cool." Milton.

Shelterless
Shel´ter•less, a. Destitute of shelter or protection.
"Now sad and shelterless perhaps she lies." Rowe.

Sheltery
Shel´ter•y, a. Affording shelter. [R.] { Shel´tie, Shel´ty }, n. A Shetland pony.

Shelve, v. t.
1. To furnish with shelves; as to shelve a closet or a library.
2. To place on a shelf. Hence: To lay on the shelf; to put aside; to dismiss from service; to put off indefinitely; as to shelve an officer; to shelve a claim.

Shelve, v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Shelved p. pr. & vb. n. Shelving.] [Perhapss originally from the same source as shallow, but influenced by shelf a ledge, a platform.] To incline gradually; to be slopping; as the bottom shelves from the shore.

Shelvy
Shelv´y, a. Sloping gradually; shelving.
"The shore was shelving and shallow." Shak.

Shemite
Shem´ite, n. A descendant of Shem. { Shem•it´ic, Shem´i•tish } a. Of or pertaining to Shem, the son of Noah, or his descendants. See Semitic.

Shendship
Shend´ship, n. Harm; ruin; also reproach; disgrace. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Shent, obs. 3d pers. sing. pres. of Shend, for shendeth. Chaucer.

Shent, v. t. To shend. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Sheol
She´ol (she"ol), n. [Heb. sheol.] The place of departed spirits; Hades; also the grave.
"For thou wilt not leave my soul to sheol." Ps. xvi. 10. (Rev. Ver.)

Shepen
Shep´en, n. A stable; a shippen. [Obs.]
"The shepne brenning with the blacke smoke." Chaucer.

Shepherd
Shep´herd, n. [OE. schepherde, schephirde, AS. sceáphyrde; sceáp sheep + hyrde, hirde, heorde, a herd, a guardian. See Sheep, and Herd.]
1. A man employed in tending, feeding, and guarding sheep, esp. a flock grazing at large.
2. The pastor of a church; one with the religious guidance of others. Shepherd bird (Zoöl.), the crested screamer. See Screamer. — Shepherd dog (Zoöl.), a breed of dogs used largely for the herding and care of sheep. There are several kinds, as the collie, or Scotch shepherd dog, and the English shepherd dog. Called also shepherd’s dog. — Shepherd dog, a name of Pan. Keats. — Shepherd kings, the chiefs of a nomadic people who invaded Egypt from the East in the traditional period, and conquered it, at least in part. They were expelled after about five hundred years, and attempts have been made to connect their expulsion with narrative in the book of Exodus. — Shepherd’s club (Bot.), the common mullein. See Mullein. — Shepherd’s crook, a long staff having the end curved so as to form a large hook, — used by shepherds. — Shepherd’s needle (Bot.), the lady’s comb. — Shepherd’s plaid, a kind of woolen cloth of a checkered black and white pattern. — Shephered spider (Zoöl.), a daddy longlegs, or harvestman. — Shepherd’s pouch, or Shepherd’s purse (Bot.), an annual cruciferous plant ( Capsella Bursapastoris) bearing small white flowers and pouchlike pods. See Illust. of Silicle. — Shepherd’s rod, or Shepherd’s staff (Bot.), the small teasel.

Shepherd
Shep´herd, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Shepherded; p. pr. & vb. n. Shepherding.] To tend as a shepherd; to guard, herd, lead, or drive, as a shepherd. [Poetic]
"White, fleecy clouds … "
"Shepherded by the slow, unwilling wind." Shelley.

Shepherdia
Shep•her´di•a, n. ; pl. Shepherdias (#). [NL. So called from John Shepherd, an English botanist.] (Bot.) A genus of shrubs having silvery scurfy leaves, and belonging to the same family as Elaeagnus; also any plant of this genus. See Buffalo berry, under Buffalo.

Shepherdism
Shep´herd•ism, n. Pastoral life or occupation.

Shepherdling
Shep´herd•ling, n. A little shepherd.

Shepherdly
Shep´herd•ly, a. Resembling, or becoming to, a shepherd; pastoral; rustic. [R.] Jer. Taylor.

Shepster
Shep´ster, n. A seamstress. [Obs.] Caxton.

Sherardize
Sher´ard•ize, v. t. [From Sherard Cowper-Coles, the inventor.] (Metal.) To subject to the process of vapor galvanizing (which see, below).

Sherbet
Sher´bet, n. [Ar. sherbet, shorbet, sharbat, properly, one drink or sip, a draught, beverage, from shariba to drink. Cf. Sorbet, Sirup, Shrub a drink.]
1. A refreshing drink, common in the East, made of the juice of some fruit, diluted, sweetened, and flavored in various ways; as orange sherbet; lemon sherbet; raspberry sherbet, etc.
2. A flavored water ice.
3. A preparation of bicarbonate of soda, tartaric acid, sugar, etc., variously flavored, for making an effervescing drink; — called also sherbet powder.

Sheriff
Sher´iff, n. [OE. shereve, AS. scir-gerfa scir a shire + gerfa a reeve. See Shire, and Reeve, and cf. Shrievalty.] The chief officer of a shire or county, to whom is intrusted the execution of the laws, the serving of judicial writs and processes, and the preservation of the peace. In England, sheriffs are appointed by the king. In the United States, sheriffs are elected by the legislature or by the citizens, or appointed and commissioned by the executive of the State. The office of sheriff in England is judicial and ministerial. In the United States, it is mainly ministerial. The sheriff, by himself or his deputies, executes civil and criminal process throughout the county, has charge of the jail and prisoners, attends courts, and keeps the peace. His judicial authority is generally confined to ascertaining damages on writs of inquiry and the like. Sheriff, in Scotland, called sheriff depute, is properly a judge, having also certain ministerial powers. Sheriff clerk is the clerk of the Sheriff’s Court in Scotland. Sheriff’s Court in London is a tribunal having cognizance of certain personal actions in that city. Wharton, Tomlins. Erskine. { Sher´iff•al•ty, Sher´iff•dom, Sher´iff•ry, Sher´iff•ship, Sher´iff•wick, n. } The office or jurisdiction of sheriff. See Shrievalty.

Sherry
Sher´ry, n. [So called from Xeres, a Spanish town near Cadiz, x in Spanish having been formerly pronounced like sh in English.] A Spanish light-colored dry wine, made in Andalusia. As prepared for commerce it is colored a straw color or a deep amber by mixing with it cheap wine boiled down. Sherry cobbler, a beverage prepared with sherry wine, water, lemon or orange, sugar, ice, etc., and usually imbided through a straw or a glass tube.

Sherryvallies
Sher´ry•val•lies, n. pl. [Cf. Sp. zaraquelles wide breeches or overalls.] Trousers or overalls of thick cloth or leather, buttoned on the outside of each leg, and generally worn to protect other trousers when riding on horseback. [Local, U.S.] Bartlett.

Shet, v. t. & i. [ imp. Shet. (Obs. Shette ( or )); p. pr. Shet; p. pr. & vb. n. Shetting.] To shut. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Chaucer.

Sheth, n. The part of a plow which projects downward beneath the beam, for holding the share and other working parts; — also called standard, or post.

Shetland pony
Shet"land po"ny One of a small, hardy breed of horses, with long mane and tail, which originated in the Shetland Islands; a sheltie.

Shew, v. t. & i. See Show.

Shew, n. Show. [Obs. except in shewbread.]

Shewbread
Shew´bread See Showbread.

Shewer
Shew´er, n. One who shews. See Shower.

Shicer
Shi´cer (shi"ser), n. [Prob. fr. G. scheisser one who dungs.] (Mining) An unproductive mine; a duffer. [Australia]

Shide, n. [OE. shide, schide, AS. scide; akin to OHG. scit, G. scheit, Icel. skið, and E. shed, v.t.] A thin board; a billet of wood; a splinter. [Prov. Eng.]

Shie, v. t. See Shy, to throw.

Shield, n. [OE. sheld, scheld, AS. scield, scild, sceld, scyld; akin to OS. scild, OFries. skeld, D. & G. schild, OHG. scilt, Icel. skjöldr, Sw. sköld, Dan. skiold, Goth. skildus; of uncertain origin. Cf. Sheldrake.]
1. A broad piece of defensive armor, carried on the arm, — formerly in general use in war, for the protection of the body. See Buckler.
"Now put your shields before your hearts and fight, With hearts more proof than shields." Shak.
2. Anything which protects or defends; defense; shelter; protection. "My council is my shield." Shak.
3. Figuratively, one who protects or defends.
"Fear not, Abram; I am thy shield, and thy exceeding great reward." Gen. xv. 1.
4. (Bot.) In lichens, a Hardened cup or disk surrounded by a rim and containing the fructification, or asci.
5. (Her.) The escutcheon or field on which are placed the bearings in coats of arms. Cf. Lozenge. See Illust. of Escutcheon.
6. (Mining & Tunneling) A framework used to protect workmen in making an adit under ground, and capable of being pushed along as excavation progresses.
7. A spot resembling, or having the form of, a shield. "Bespotted as with shields of red and black." Spenser.
8. A coin, the old French crown, or ecu, having on one side the figure of a shield. [Obs.] Chaucer. Shield fern (Bot.), any fern of the genus Aspidium, in which the fructifications are covered with shield-shaped indusia; — called also wood fern. See Illust. of Indusium.

Shield, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Shielded; p. pr. & vb. n. Shielding.] [AS. scidan, scyldan. See Shield, n. ]
1. To cover with, or as with, a shield; to cover from danger; to defend; to protect from assault or injury.
"Shouts of applause ran ringing through the field, To see the son the vanquished father shield." Dryden.
"A woman’s shape doth shield thee." Shak.
2. To ward off; to keep off or out.
"They brought with them their usual weeds, fit to shield the cold to which they had been inured." Spenser.
3. To avert, as a misfortune; hence, as a supplicatory exclamation, forbid! [Obs.]
"God shield that it should so befall." Chaucer.
"God shield I should disturb devotion!" Shak.

Shielddrake
Shield´drake, n. (Zoöl.) A sheldrake.

Shieldless
Shield´less, a. Destitute of a shield, or of protection. — Shield´less•ly, adv. — Shield´less•ness, n.

Shieldtail
Shield´tail, n. (Zoöl.) Any species of small burrowing snakes of the family Uropeltidae, native of Ceylon and Southern Asia. They have a small mouth which can not be dilated.

Shieling
Shiel´ing, n. A hut or shelter for shepherds of fishers. See Sheeling. [Scot.]

Shifter
Shift´er, n.
1. One who, or that which, shifts; one who plays tricks or practices artifice; a cozener.
"’T was such a shifter that, if truth were known, Death was half glad when he had got him down." Milton.
2. (Naut.) An assistant to the ship’s cook in washing, steeping, and shifting the salt provisions.
3. (Mach.) (a) An arrangement for shifting a belt sidewise from one pulley to another. (b) (Knitting Mach.) A wire for changing a loop from one needle to another, as in narrowing, etc.

Shiftiness
Shift´i•ness, n. The quality or state of being shifty.
"Diplomatic shiftiness and political versatility." J. A. Syminds.

Shifting
Shift´ing, a.
1. Changing in place, position, or direction; varying; variable; fickle; as shifting winds; shifting opinions or principles.
2. Adapted or used for shifting anything. Shifting backstays (Naut.), temporary stays that have to be let go whenever the vessel tacks or jibes. — Shifting ballast, ballast which may be moved from one side of a vessel to another as safety requires. — Shifting center. See Metacenter. — Shifting locomotive. See Switching engine, under Switch.

Shiftless
Shift´less, a. Destitute of expedients, or not using successful expedients; characterized by failure, especially by failure to provide for one’s own support, through negligence or incapacity; hence, lazy; improvident; thriftless; as a shiftless fellow; shiftless management. — Shift´less•ly, adv. — Shift´less•ness, n.

Shifty
Shift´y, a. Full of, or ready with, shifts; fertile in expedients or contrivance. Wright.
"Shifty and thrifty as old Greek or modern Scot, there were few things he could not invent, and perhaps nothing he could not endure." C. Kingsley. { Shi´ite, Shi´ah }, n. [Ar. shi’aia follower of the sect of Ali, fr. shi’at, shi’ah, a multitude following one another in pursuit of the same object, the sect of Ali, fr. sha’a to follow.] A member of that branch of the Mohammedans to which the Persians belong. They reject the first three caliphs, and consider Ali as being the first and only rightful successor of Mohammed. They do not acknowledge the Sunna, or body of traditions respecting Mohammed, as any part of the law, and on these accounts are treated as heretics by the Sunnites, or orthodox Mohammedans. { Shi•ka´ree, Shi•ka´ri } n. [ Hind.] A sportsman; esp., a native hunter. [India]

Shilf, n. [CF. G. shilf sedge.] Straw. [Obs.]

Shill, v. t. To shell. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

Shill, v. t. [Cf. Sheal.] To put under cover; to sheal. [Prov.ng.] Brockett. { Shil•la´lah, Shil•le´lah }, n. An oaken sapling or cudgel; any cudgel; — so called from Shillelagh, a place in Ireland of that name famous for its oaks. [Irish] [Written also shillaly, and shillely.]

Shiloh
Shi´loh (shi\’b6lo), n. [Heb. shiloh, literally, quiet, rest, fr. shalah to rest.] (Script.) A word used by Jacob on his deathbed, and interpreted variously, as "the Messiah," or as the city "Shiloh," or as "Rest."

Shily
Shi´ly, adv. See Shyly.

Shimmer
Shim´mer, v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Shimmered p. pr. & vb. n. Shimmering.] [OE. schimeren, AS. scimerian; akin to scimian, sciman, to glitter, D. schemeren, G. schimmern, Dan. skimre, Sw. skimra, AS. scima a light, brightness, Icel. skima, Goth. skeima a torch, a lantern, and E. shine. rad.157. See Shine, v. i.] To shine with a tremulous or intermittent light; to shine faintly; to gleam; to glisten; to glimmer.
"The shimmering glimpses of a stream." Tennyson.

Shimmer
Shim´mer, n. A faint, tremulous light; a gleaming; a glimmer.
"TWo silver lamps, fed with perfumed oil, diffused … a trembling twilight-seeming shimmer through the quiet apartment." Sir W. Scott.

Shimmering
Shim´mer•ing, n. A gleam or glimmering. "A little shimmering of a light." Chaucer.

Shimmy
Shim´my, n. A chemise. [Colloq.]

Shin, n. [OE. shine, schine, AS. scina; akin to D. scheen, OHG. scina, G. schiene, schienbein, Dan. skinnebeen, Sw. skenben. Cf. Chine.]
1. The front part of the leg below the knee; the front edge of the shin bone; the lower part of the leg; the shank. "On his shin." Chaucer.
2. (Railbroad) A fish plate for rails. Knight. Shin bone (Anat.), the tibia. — Shin leaf (Bot.), a perennial ericaceous herb ( Pyrola elliptica) with a cluster of radical leaves and a raceme of greenish white flowers.

Shin, v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Shinned p. pr. & vb. n. Shinning.]
1. To climb a mast, tree, rope, or the like, by embracing it alternately with the arms and legs, without help of steps, spurs, or the like; — used with up; as to shin up a mast. [Slang]
2. To run about borrowing money hastily and temporarily, as for the payment of one’s notes at the bank. [Slang, U.S.] Bartlett.

Shin, v. t. To climb (a pole, etc.) by shinning up. [Slang]

Shin Shu [Jap., lit., true sect.] The leading and most progressive Buddhist sect of Japan, resting its faith rather upon Amida than Gautama Buddha. Rites and ceremonies are held useless without uprightness. { Shin´ti•yan (shin"ti•yan), Shin´ty•an (shin"ti•an) }, n. } [Ar. shintian.] A kind of wide loose drawers or trousers worn by women in Mohammedan countries.

Shindle
Shin´dle, n. [See 2d Shingle.] A shingle; also a slate for roofing. [Obs.] Holland.

Shindle
Shin´dle, v. t. To cover or roof with shindles. [Obs.]

Shindy
Shin´dy, n. ; pl. Shindies (#). [Etymol. uncertain; cf. Shinney, Shinty.]
1. An uproar or disturbance; a spree; a row; a riot. [Slang] Thackeray.
2. Hockey; shinney. Bartlett.
3. A fancy or liking. [Local, U. S.] Bartlett.

Shiness
Shi´ness, n. See Shyness.

Shingler
Shin´gler, n.
1. One who shingles.
2. A machine for shingling puddled iron.

Shingles
Shin´gles, n. [OF. cengle a girth, F. sangle, fr. L. cingulum a girdle, fr. cingere to gird. Cf. Cincture, Cingle, Surcingle.] (Med.) A kind of herpes ( Herpes zoster) which spreads half way around the body like a girdle, and is usually attended with violent neuralgic pain.

Shingly
Shin´gly, a. Abounding with shingle, or gravel.

Shinhopple
Shin´hop•ple, n. The hobblebush.

Shining
Shin´ing, a.
1. Emitting light, esp. in a continuous manner; radiant; as shining lamps; also bright by the reflection of light; as shining armor. "Fish … with their fins and shining scales." Milton.
2. Splendid; illustrious; brilliant; distinguished; conspicious; as a shining example of charity.
3. Having the surface smooth and polished; — said of leaves, the surfaces of shells, etc.
Syn. — Glistening; bright; radiant; resplendent; effulgent; lustrous; brilliant; glittering; splendid; illustrious. — Shining, Brilliant, Sparking. Shining describes the steady emission of a strong light, or the steady reflection of light from a clear or polished surface. Brilliant denotes a shining of great brightness, but with gleams or flashes. Sparkling implies a fitful, intense shining from radiant points or sparks, by which the eye is dazzled. The same distinctions obtain when these epithets are figuratively applied. A man of shining talents is made conspicious by possessing them; if they flash upon the mind with a peculiarly striking effect, we call them brilliant; if his brilliancy is marked by great vivacity and occasional intensity, he is sparkling.
"True paradise … inclosed with shining rock." Milton.
"Some in a brilliant buckle bind her waist, Some round her neck a circling light display." Gay.
"His sparkling blade about his head he blest." Spenser.

Shining
Shin´ing, n. Emission or reflection of light.

Shiningness
Shin´ing•ness, n. Brightness. J. Spence.

Shinney
Shin´ney, n. [CF. Shindy.] The game of hockey; — so called because of the liability of the players to receive blows on the shin. Halliwell.

Shintoist
Shin´to•ist, n. An adherent of Shintoism.

Shinty
Shin´ty, n. [Cf. Gael. sinteag a skip, a bound.] A Scotch game resembling hockey; also the club used in the game. Jamieson.

Shiny
Shin´y, a. [ Compar. Shinier superl. Shiniest.] Bright; luminous; clear; unclouded.
"Like distant thunder on a shiny day." Dryden.

Ship railway. (a) An inclined railway running into the water with a cradelike car on which a vessel may be drawn out on land, as for repairs. (b) A railway on which to transport vessels overland between bodies of water.

Shipboard
Ship´board, n. [ Ship + board. See Board, n. , 8] A ship’s side; hence, by extension, a ship; — found chiefly in adverbial phrases; as on shipboard; a shipboard.

Shipbuilding
Ship´build•ing, n. Naval architecturel the art of constructing ships and other vessels.

Shipful
Ship´ful, n. ; pl. Shipfuls . As much or as many as a ship will hold; enough to fill a ship.

Shipholder
Ship´hold•er, n. A shipowner.

Shipless
Ship´less, a. Destitute of ships. Gray.

Shiplet
Ship´let, n. A little ship. [R.] Holinshed.

Shipload
Ship´load, n. The load, or cargo, of a ship.

Shipman
Ship´man, n. ; pl. Shipmen . A seaman, or sailor. [Obs. or Poetic] Chaucer. R. Browning.
"About midnight the shipmen deemed that they drew near to some country." Acts xxvii. 27.Shipman’s card, the mariner’s compass. [Obs.] Shak.

Shipmaster
Ship´mas•ter, n. The captain, master, or commander of a ship. Jonah i. 6.

Shipmate
Ship´mate, n. One who serves on board of the same ship with another; a fellow sailor.

Shipment
Ship´ment, n.
1. The act or process of shipping; as he was engaged in the shipment of coal for London; an active shipment of wheat from the West.
2. That which is shipped.
"The question is, whether the share of M. in the shipment is exempted from condemnation by reason of his neutral domicle." Story.

Shipowner
Ship´own•er, n. Owner of a ship or ships.

Shippen
Ship´pen, n. [AS. scypen. Cf. Shop, Shepen.] A stable; a cowhouse. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

Shipping note
Ship"ping note. (Com.) A document used in shipping goods by sea. In the case of free goods the shipping notes are the receiving note, addressed by the shipper to the chief officer of the vessel, requesting him to receive on board specified goods, and a receipt for the mate to sign, on receiving whose signature it is called the mate’s receipt, and is surrendered by the shipper for the bills of lading.

Shippo
Ship•po´, n. [Jap. shippo seven precious things; Chin. ts’ih seven + pao gem.] (Japanese Art) Cloisonne enamel on a background of metal or porcelain.

Shippon
Ship´pon, n. A cowhouse; a shippen. [Prov. Eng.]
"Bessy would either do fieldwork, or attend to the cows, the shippon, or churn, or make cheese." Dickens.

Ship-rigged
Ship´-rigged, a. (Naut.) Rigged like a ship, that is, having three masts, each with square sails.

Shipshape
Ship´shape, a. Arranged in a manner befitting a ship; hence, trim; tidy; orderly.
"Even then she expressed her scorn for the lubbery executioner’s mode of tying a knot, and did it herself in a shipshape orthodox manner." De Quincey.
"Keep everything shipshape, for I must go" Tennyson.

Shipshape
Ship´shape, adv. In a shipshape or seamanlike manner.

Shipworm
Ship´worm, n. (Zoöl.) Any long, slender, worm-shaped bivalve mollusk of Teredo and allied genera. The shipworms burrow in wood, and are destructive to wooden ships, piles of wharves, etc. See Teredo.

Shipyard
Ship´yard, n. A yard, place, or inclosure where ships are built or repaired.

Shiraz
Shi•raz´, n. A kind of Persian wine; — so called from the place whence it is brought.

Shire, n. [AS. scire, scir, a division, province, county. Cf. Sheriff.]
1. A portion of Great Britain originally under the supervision of an earl; a territorial division, usually identical with a county, but sometimes limited to a smaller district; as Wilt shire, York shire, Richmond shire, Hallam shire.
"An indefinite number of these hundreds make up a county or shire." Blackstone.
2. A division of a State, embracing several contiguous townships; a county. [U. S.] Shire is commonly added to the specific designation of a county as a part of its name; as York shire instead of York shire, or the shire of York; Berk shire instead of Berks shire. Such expressions as the county of Yorkshire, which in a strict sense are tautological, are used in England. In the United States the composite word is sometimes the only name of a county; as Berkshire county, as it is called in Massachusetts, instead of Berks county, as in Pensylvania.
"The Tyne, Tees, Humber, Wash, Yare, Stour, and Thames separate the counties of Northumberland, Durham, York shire, Lincoln shire, etc." Encyc. Brit.Knight of the shire. See under Knight. — Shire clerk, an officer of a county court; also an under sheriff. [Eng.] — Shire mote (Old. Eng. Law), the county court; sheriff’s turn, or court. [Obs.] Cowell. Blackstone. — Shire reeve (Old Eng. Law), the reeve, or bailiff, of a shire; a sheriff. Burrill. — Shire town, the capital town of a county; a county town. — Shire wick, a county; a shire. [Obs.] Holland.

Shirk, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Shirked p. pr. & vb. n. Shirking.] [Probably the same word as shark. See Shark, v. t.]
1. To procure by petty fraud and trickery; to obtain by mean solicitation.
"You that never heard the call of any vocation, … that shirk living from others, but time from Yourselves." Bp. Rainbow.
2. To avoid; to escape; to neglect; — implying unfaithfulness or fraud; as to shirk duty.
"The usual makeshift by which they try to shirk difficulties." Hare.

Shirk, v. i.
1. To live by shifts and fraud; to shark.
2. To evade an obligation; to avoid the performance of duty, as by running away.
"One of the cities shirked from the league." Byron.

Shirk, n. One who lives by shifts and tricks; one who avoids the performance of duty or labor.

Shirker
Shirk´er, n. One who shirks. Macaulay.

Shirky
Shirk´y, a. Disposed to shirk. [Colloq.]

Shirl, a. Shrill. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Shirl, n. (Min.) See Schorl.

Shirr, n. (Sewing) A series of close parallel runnings which are drawn up so as to make the material between them set full by gatherings; — called also shirring, and gauging.

Shirred, a.
1. (Sewing) Made or gathered into a shirr; as a shirred bonnet.
2. (Cookery) Broken into an earthen dish and baked over the fire; — said of eggs.

Shirt, n. [OE. schirte, sherte, schurte; akin to Icel. skyrta, Dan. skiorte, Sw. skjorta, Dan. skiört a petticoat, D. schort a petticoat, an argon, G. schurz, schürze, an argon; all probably from the root of E. short, as being originally a short garment. See Short, and cf. Skirt.] A loose under-garment for the upper part of the body, made of cotton, linen, or other material; — formerly used of the under-garment of either sex, now commonly restricted to that worn by men and boys.
"Several persons in December had nothing over their shoulders but their shirts." Addison.
"She had her shirts and girdles of hair." Bp. Fisher.

Shirt, v. t. & i. [ imp. & p. p. Shirted; p. pr. & vb. n. Shirting.] To cover or clothe with a shirt, or as with a shirt. Dryden.

Shirting
Shirt´ing, n. Cloth, specifically cotton cloth, suitable for making shirts.

Shirtless
Shirt´less, a. Not having or wearing a shirt. Pope. — Shirt´less•ness, n. { Shist, Shis•tose´ }. See Shist, Schistose. { Shit´tah, Shit"tah tree• }, n. [Heb. shittah, pl. shittim.] A tree that furnished the precious wood of which the ark, tables, altars, boards, etc., of the Jewish tabernacle were made; — now believed to have been the wood of the Acacia Seyal, which is hard, fine grained, and yellowish brown in color. { Shit´tim, Shit"tim wood• }, n. The wood of the shittah tree.