Rub, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Rubbed p. pr. & vb. n. Rubbing.] [Probably of Celtic origin; cf. W. rhwbiaw, gael. rub.]
1. To subject (a body) to the action of something moving over its surface with pressure and friction, especially to the action of something moving back and forth; as to rub the flesh with the hand; to rub wood with sandpaper.
"It shall be expedient, after that body is cleaned, to rub the body with a coarse linen cloth." Sir T. Elyot.
2. To move over the surface of (a body) with pressure and friction; to graze; to chafe; as the boat rubs the ground.
3. To cause (a body) to move with pressure and friction along a surface; as to rub the hand over the body.
"Two bones rubbed hard against one another." Arbuthnot.
4. To spread a substance thinly over; to smear.
"The smoothed plank, … New rubbed with balm." Milton.
5. To scour; to burnish; to polish; to brighten; to cleanse; — often with up or over; as to rub up silver.
"The whole business of our redemption is to rub over the defaced copy of the creation." South.
6. To hinder; to cross; to thwart. [R.]
"’T is the duke’s pleasure, Whose disposition, all the world well knows, Will not be rubbed nor stopped." Shak. To rub down. (a) To clean by rubbing; to comb or curry; as to down a horse. (b) To reduce or remove by rubbing; as to rub down the rough points. — To rub off, to clean anything by rubbing; to separate by friction; as to rub off rust. — To rub out, to remove or separate by friction; to erase; to obliterate; as to rub out a mark or letter; to rub out a stain. — To rub up. (a) To burnish; to polish; to clean. (b) To excite; to awaken; to rouse to action; as to rub up the memory.

Rub, v. i.
1. To move along the surface of a body with pressure; to grate; as a wheel rubs against the gatepost.
2. To fret; to chafe; as to rub upon a sore.
3. To move or pass with difficulty; as to rub through woods, as huntsmen; to rub through the world. To rub along or on, to go on with difficulty; as they manage, with strict economy, to rub along. [Colloq.]

Rub, n. [Cf. W. rhwb. See Rub, v,t,]
1. The act of rubbing; friction.
2. That which rubs; that which tends to hinder or obstruct motion or progress; hindrance; obstruction, an impediment; especially, a difficulty or obstruction hard to overcome; a pinch.
"Every rub is smoothed on our way." Shak.
"To sleep, perchance to dream; ay, there’s the rub." Shak.
"Upon this rub, the English ambassadors thought fit to demur." Hayward.
"One knows not, certainly, what other rubs might have been ordained for us by a wise Providence." W. Besant.
3. Inequality of surface, as of the ground in the game of bowls; unevenness. Shak.
4. Something grating to the feelings; sarcasm; joke; as a hard rub.
5. Imperfection; failing; fault. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl.
6. A chance. [Obs.]
"Flight shall leave no Greek a rub." Chapman.
7. A stone, commonly flat, used to sharpen cutting tools; a whetstone; — called also rubstone. Rub iron, an iron guard on a wagon body, against which a wheel rubs when cramped too much.

Rub, n. — Rub of the green (Golf), anything happening to a ball in motion, such as its being deflected or stopped by any agency outside the match, or by the fore caddie.

Ruba-dub
Rub´a-dub, n. The sound of a drum when continuously beaten; hence, a clamorous, repeated sound; a clatter.
"The rubadub of the abolition presses." D. Webster.

Rubaiyat
Ru•bai•yat´, n. pl.; sing. Rubai . [Ar. ruba’iyah quatrian, pl. of ruba’iy having four radicals, fr. ruba’ four.] Quatrians; as the Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam. Sometimes in pl. construed as sing. , a poem in such stanzas.

Rubato
Ru•ba´to, a. [It.] Robbed; borrowed. Temple rubato. [It.] (Mus.) Borrowed time; — a term applied to a style of performance in which some tones are held longer than their legitimate time, while others are proportionally curtailed.

Rubbage
Rub´bage ( 48), n. Rubbish. [Obs.]

Rubber
Rub´ber, n.
1. One who, or that which, rubs. Specifically: (a) An instrument or thing used in rubbing, polishing, or cleaning. (b) A coarse file, or the rough part of a file. (c) A whetstone; a rubstone. (d) An eraser, usually made of caoutchouc. (e) The cushion of an electrical machine. (f) One who performs massage, especially in a Turkish bath. (g) Something that chafes or annoys; hence, something that grates on the feelings; a sarcasm; a rub. Thackeray.
2. In some games, as whist, the odd game, as the third or the fifth, when there is a tie between the players; as to play the rubber; also a contest determined by the winning of two out of three games; as to play a rubber of whist. Beaconsfield. "A rubber of cribbage." Dickens.
3. India rubber; caoutchouc.
4. An overshoe made of India rubber. [Colloq.] Antimony rubber, an elastic durable variety of vulcanized caoutchouc of a red color. It contains antimony sulphide as an important constituent. — Hard rubber, a kind of vulcanized caoutchouc which nearly resembles horn in texture, rigidity, etc. — India rubber, caoutchouc. See Caoutchouc. — Rubber cloth, cloth covered with caoutchouc for excluding water or moisture. — Rubber dam (Dentistry), a shield of thin sheet rubber clasped around a tooth to exclude saliva from the tooth.

Rubbidge
Rub´bidge, n. Rubbish. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.

Rubbing
Rub´bing, a. & n. from Rub, v.

Rubble
Rub´ble, n. [From an assumed Old French dim. of robe See Rubbish.]
1. Water-worn or rough broken stones; broken bricks, etc., used in coarse masonry, or to fill up between the facing courses of walls.
"Inside [the wall] there was rubble or mortar." Jowett (Thucyd.).
2. Rough stone as it comes from the quarry; also a quarryman’s term for the upper fragmentary and decomposed portion of a mass of stone; brash. Brande & C.
3. (Geol.) A mass or stratum of fragments or rock lying under the alluvium, and derived from the neighboring rock. Lyell.
4. pl. The whole of the bran of wheat before it is sorted into pollard, bran, etc. [Prov. Eng.] Simmonds. Coursed rubble, rubble masonry in which courses are formed by leveling off the work at certain heights.

Rubbly
Rub´bly, a. Relating to, or containing, rubble.

Rubedinous
Ru•bed´i•nous, a. [L. rubedo redness, fr. rubere to be red.] Reddish. [R.] M. Stuart.

Rubefacient
Ru•be•fa´cient, a. [L. rubefaciens, p. pr. of rubefacere to make red; rubere to be red + facere to make.] Making red. — n. (Med.) An external application which produces redness of the skin.

Rubefaction
Ru•be•fac´tion, n. The act or process of making red.

Rubelet
Ru´be•let (ru"be•let), n. A little ruby. Herrick.

Rubella
Ru•bel´la, n. [NL., fr. L. rubellus reddish.] (Med.) An acute specific disease with a dusky red cutaneous eruption resembling that of measles, but unattended by catarrhal symptoms; — called also German measles.

Rubelle
Ru•belle´, n. [L. rubellus reddish.] A red color used in enameling. Weale.

Rubellite
Ru´bel•lite, n. [L. rubellus reddish, dim. of ruber red.] (Min.) A variety of tourmaline varying in color from a pale rose to a deep ruby, and containing lithium.

Rubeola
Ru•be´o•la, n. [NL., fr. L. ruber red.] (Med.) (a) the measles. (b) Rubella.

Ruberythrinic
Ru•ber•y•thrin´ic, a. [L. ruber red + erythrin.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid extracted from madder root. It is a yellow crystalline substance from which alizarin is obtained.

Rubescence
Ru•bes´cence, n. The quality or state of being rubescent; a reddening; a flush.

Rubescent
Ru•bes´cent, a. [L. rubescens, -entis, p. pr. of rubescere to grow red, v. incho from rubere to be red: cf. F. rubescent. See Ruby.] Growing or becoming red; tending to redness.

Rubiacin
Ru´bi•a•cin, n. [L. rubia madder, fr. rubeus red.] (Chem) A substance found in madder root, and probably identical with ruberythrinic acid.

Rubian
Ru´bi•an, n. [L. rubia madder, fr. rubeus red.] (Chem.) One of several color-producing glycosides found in madder root.

Rubianic
Ru•bi•an´ic, a. (Chem.) pertaining to, or derived from, rubian; specifically, designating an acid called also ruberythrinic acid. [Obs.]

Rubican
Ru´bi•can, a. [F.] Colored a prevailing red, bay, or black, with flecks of white or gray especially on the flanks; — said of horses. Smart.

Rubicelle
Ru´bi•celle, n. [Cf. F. rubacelle, rubicelle, fr. L. rubeus red, reddish.] (Min.) A variety of ruby of a yellowish red color, from Brazil.

Rubicon
Ru´bi•con, n. (Anc. geog.) A small river which separated Italy from Cisalpine Gaul, the province alloted to Julius Caesar. By leading an army across this river, contrary to the prohibition of the civil government at Rome, Caesar precipitated the civil war which resulted in the death of Pompey and the overthrow of the senate; hence, the phrase to pass or cross the Rubicon signifies to take the decisive step by which one is committed to a hazardous enterprise from which there is no retreat.

Rubicund
Ru´bi•cund, a. [L. rubicundus, fr. rubere to be red, akin to ruber red. See Red.] Inclining to redness; ruddy; red. "His rubicund face." Longfellow.

Rubidic
Ru•bid´ic, a. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to rubidium; containing rubidium.

Rubidine
Ru´bi•dine, n. (Chem.) A nitrogenous base homologous with pyridine, obtained from coal tar as an oily liquid, C₁₁H₁₇N; also any one of the group od metameric compounds of which rubidine is the type.

Rubidium
Ru•bid´i•um, n. [NL., fr. L. rubidus red, fr. rubere to be red. So called from two dark red spectroscopic lines by means of which it was discovered in the lepidolite from Rozena, Moravia. See Rubicund.] (Chem.) A rare metallic element. It occurs quite widely, but in small quantities, and always combined. It is isolated as a soft yellowish white metal, analogous to potassium in most of its properties. Symbol Rb. Atomic weight, 85.2.

Rubification
Ru•bi•fi•ca´tion, n. [Cf. F. rubification.] The act of making red. Howell.

Rubiform
Ru´bi•form, a. [L. ruber red + -form.] Having the nature or quality of red; as the rubiform rays of the sun. [R.] Sir I. newton.

Rubify
Ru´bi•fy, v. t. [Cf. F. rubefier. See Rubific.] To redden. [R.] "Waters rubifying." Chaucer. { Ru•big´i•nose•, Ru•big´i•nous }, a. [L. rubiginosus, fr. rubigo, robigo, rust: cf. F. rubigineux.] (Bot.) Having the appearance or color of iron rust; rusty- looking.

Ruble
Ru´ble, n. [Russ. ruble.] The unit of monetary value in Russia. It is divided into 100 copecks, and in the gold coin of the realm (as in the five and ten ruble pieces) is worth about 77 cents. The silver ruble is a coin worth about 60 cents. [Written also rouble.]

Rubric
Ru´bric, n. [OE. rubriche, OF. rubriche, F. rubrique ( cf. it. rubrica), fr. L. rubrica red earth for coloring, red chalk, the title of a law (because written in red), fr. ruber red. See red.] That part of any work in the early manuscripts and typography which was colored red, to distinguish it from other portions. Hence, specifically: (a) A titlepage, or part of it, especially that giving the date and place of printing; also the initial letters, etc., when printed in red. (b) (Law books) The title of a statute; — so called as being anciently written in red letters. Bell. (c) (Liturgies) The directions and rules for the conduct of service, formerly written or printed in red; hence, also an ecclesiastical or episcopal injunction; — usually in the plural.
"All the clergy in England solemnly pledge themselves to observe the rubrics." Hook. (d) Hence, that which is established or settled, as by authority; a thing definitely settled or fixed. Cowper.
"Nay, as a duty, it had no place or rubric in human conceptions before Christianity." De Quincey.

Rubric
Ru´bric, v. t. To adorn ith red; to redden; to rubricate. [R.] Johnson. { Ru´bric, Ru´bric•al }, a.
1. Colored in, or marked with, red; placed in rubrics.
"What though my name stood rubric on the walls Or plaistered posts, with claps, in capitals?" Pope.
2. Of or pertaining to the rubric or rubrics. "Rubrical eccentricities." C. Kingsley.

Rubricate
Ru´bri•cate, a. [L. rubricatus p. p. of rubricare to color red. See Rubric, n. ] Marked with red. Splmman.

Rubricate
Ru´bri•cate, v. t. To mark or distinguished with red; to arrange as in a rubric; to establish in a settled and unchangeable form. Foxe.
"A system … according to which the thoughts of men were to be classed and rubricated forever after." Hare. { Ru•bri´cian, Ru´bri•cist }, n. One skilled in, or tenaciously adhering to, the rubric or rubrics.

Rubricity
Ru•bric´i•ty, n. Redness. [R.]

Rubstone
Rub´stone, n. A stone for scouring or rubbing; a whetstone; a rub.

Rubus
Ru´bus, n. [L.] (Bot.) A genus of rosaceous plants, including the raspberry and blackberry.

Ruby
Ru´by, n. ; pl. Rubies (#). [F. rubis (cf. Pr. robi), LL. rubinus, robinus, fr. L. rubeus red, reddish, akin to ruber. See Rouge, red.]
1. (Min.) A precious stone of a carmine red color, sometimes verging to violet, or intermediate between carmine and hyacinth red. It is a red crystallized variety of corundum. Besides the true or Oriental ruby above defined, there are the balas ruby, or ruby spinel, a red variety of spinel, and the rock ruby, a red variety of garnet.
"Of rubies, sapphires, and pearles white." Chaucer.
2. The color of a ruby; carmine red; a red tint.
"The natural ruby of your cheeks." Shak.
3. That which has the color of the ruby, as red wine. Hence, a red blain or carbuncle.
4. (Print.) See Agate, n. , 2. [Eng.]
5. (Zoöl.) Any species of South American humming birds of the genus Clytolaema. The males have a ruby-colored throat or breast. Ruby of arsenic, Ruby of sulphur (Chem.), a glassy substance of a red color and a variable composition, but always consisting chiefly of the disulphide of arsenic; — called also ruby sulphur. — Ruby of zinc (Min.), zinc sulphide; the mineral zinc blende or sphalerite. — Ruby silver (Min.), red silver. See under Red.

Ruby
Ru´by, a. Ruby-colored; red; as ruby lips.

Ruby
Ru´by, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Rubied p. pr. & vb. n. Rubying.] To make red; to redden. [R.] Pope.

Ruby-tailed
Ru´by-tailed, a. Having the tail, or lower part of the body, bright red.

Rubythroat
Ru´by•throat, n. (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of humming birds belonging to Trochilus, Calypte, Stellula, and allies, in which the male has on the throat a brilliant patch of red feathers having metallic reflections; esp., the common humming bird of the Eastern United States ( Trochilus colubris).

Rubywood
Ru´by•wood, n. red sandalwood. See under Sandalwood.

Ruche, n. [F. ruche ruche, beehive, OF. rusche a beehive, which was formerly made of the bark of trees; cf. W. rhisg, rhisgl, bark, gael. rusg bark, rind.]
1. A plaited, quilled, or goffered strip of lace, net, ribbon, or other material, — used in place of collars or cuffs, and as a trimming for women’s dresses and bonnets. [Written also rouche.]
2. A pile of arched tiles, used to catch and retain oyster spawn.

Ruching
Ruch´ing, n. A ruche, or ruches collectively.

Ruck, n. A roc. [Obs. or prov. Eng.] Drayton.

Ruck, v. t. & i. [ imp. & p. p. Rucked p. pr. & vb. n. Rucking.] [Icel hrukkast to wrinkle, hrukka wrinkle, fold.] To draw into wrinkles or unsightly folds; to crease; as to ruck up a carpet. Smart.

Ruck, n. [Icel. hrukka. Cf. Ruck, v. t.] A wrinkle or crease in a piece of cloth, or in needlework.

Ruck, v. i. [Cf. Dan. ruge to brood, to hatch.] To cower; to huddle together; to squat; to sit, as a hen on eggs. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Gower. South.
"The sheep that rouketh in the fold." Chaucer.

Ruck, n. [Cf. Ruck.]
1. A heap; a rick. [Prov Eng. & Scot.]
2. The common sort, whether persons or things; as the ruck in a horse race. [Colloq.]
"The ruck in society as a whole." Lond. Sat. Rev.

Ruction
Ruc´tion, n. An uproar; a quarrel; a noisy outbreak. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

Rud, n. [AS. rudu, akin to reád red. rad.113. See Red, and cf. Ruddy.]
1. Redness; blush. [Obs.]
2. Ruddle; red ocher.
3. (Zoöl.) The rudd.

Rud, v. t. To make red. [Obs.] Spenser.

Rudbeckia
Rud•beck´i•a, n. [NL. So named after Olaf Rudebeck, a Swedish botanist.] (Bot.) A genus of composite plants, the coneflowers, consisting of perennial herbs with showy pedunculate heads, having a hemispherical involucre, sterile ray flowers, and a conical chaffy receptacle. There are about thirty species, exclusively North American. Rudbeckia hirta, the black-eyed Susan, is a common weed in meadows.

Rudd, n. [See Rud, n. ] (Zoöl.) A fresh-water European fish of the Carp family ( Leuciscus erythrophthalmus). It is about the size and shape of the roach, but it has the dorsal fin farther back, a stouter body, and red irises. Called also redeye, roud, finscale, and shallow. A blue variety is called azurine, or blue roach.

Rudderhead
Rud´der•head, n. (Naut.) The upper end of the rudderpost, to which the tiller is attached.

Rudderhole
Rud´der•hole, n. (Naut.) The hole in the deck through which the rudderpost passes.

Rudderless
Rud´der•less, a. Without a rudder.

Rudderpost
Rud´der•post, n. (Naut.) The shank of a rudder, having the blade at one end and the attachments for operating it at the other.

Rudderstock
Rud´der•stock, n. (Naut.) The main part or blade of the rudder, which is connected by hinges, or the like, with the sternpost of a vessel.

Ruddied
Rud´died, a. Made ruddy or red.

Ruddily
Rud´di•ly, adv. In a ruddy manner. Byron.

Ruddiness
Rud´di•ness, n. The quality or state of being ruddy; as the ruddiness of the cheeks or the sky.

Ruddle
Rud´dle, v. t. To raddle or twist. [Obs.]

Ruddle
Rud´dle, n. A riddle or sieve. [Obs.] Holland.

Ruddle
Rud´dle, n. [See Rud; cf. Reddle.] (Min.) A species of red earth colored by iron sesquioxide; red ocher.

Ruddle
Rud´dle, v. t. To mark with ruddle; to raddle; to rouge. "Their ruddled cheeks." Thackeray.
"A fair sheep newly ruddled." Lady M. W. Montagu.

Ruddock
Rud´dock, n. [AS. ruddic; cf. W. rhuddog the redbreast. rad.113. See Rud, n. ] [Written also raddock.]
1. (Zoöl.) The European robin. "The tame ruddock and the coward kite." Chaucer.
2. A piece of gold money; — probably because the gold of coins was often reddened by copper alloy. Called also red ruddock, and golden ruddock. [Obs.]
"Great pieces of gold … red ruddocks." Florio.

Rude, a. [ Compar. Ruder superl. Rudest.] [F., fr. L. rudis.]
1. Characterized by roughness; umpolished; raw; lacking delicacy or refinement; coarse.
"Such gardening tools as art, yet rude, … had formed." Milton.
2. Hence, specifically: (a) Unformed by taste or skill; not nicely finished; not smoothed or polished; — said especially of material things; as rude workmanship. "Rude was the cloth." Chaucer.
"Rude and unpolished stones." Bp. Stillingfleet.
"The heaven-born child All meanly wrapt in the rude manger lies." Milton. (b) Of untaught manners; unpolished; of low rank; uncivil; clownish; ignorant; raw; unskillful; — said of persons, or of conduct, skill, and the like. "Mine ancestors were rude." Chaucer.
"He was but rude in the profession of arms." Sir H. Wotton.
"the rude forefathers of the hamlet sleep." Gray. (c) Violent; tumultuous; boisterous; inclement; harsh; severe; — said of the weather, of storms, and the like; as the rude winter.
"[Clouds] pushed with winds, rude in their shock." Milton.
"The rude agitation [of water] breaks it into foam." Boyle. (d) Barbarous; fierce; bloody; impetuous; — said of war, conflict, and the like; as the rude shock of armies. (e) Not finished or complete; inelegant; lacking chasteness or elegance; not in good taste; unsatisfactory in mode of treatment; — said of literature, language, style, and the like. "The rude Irish books." Spenser.
"Rude am I in my speech." Shak.
"Unblemished by my rude translation." Dryden.
Syn. — Impertinent; rough; uneven; shapeless; unfashioned; rugged; artless; unpolished; uncouth; inelegant; rustic; coarse; vulgar; clownish; raw; unskillful; untaught; illiterate; ignorant; uncivil; impolite; saucy; impudent; insolent; surly; currish; churlish; brutal; uncivilized; barbarous; savage; violent; fierce; tumultuous; turbulent; impetuous; boisterous; harsh; inclement; severe. See Impertiment. — Rude´ly (#), adv. — Rude´ness, n.

Rudesby
Rudes´by, n. [Etymol. uncertain.] An uncivil, turbulent fellow. [Obs.] Shak.

Rudiment
Ru´di•ment, n. [L. rudimentum, fr. rudis unwrought, ignorant, rude: cf. F. rudiment. See Rude.]
1. That which is unformed or undeveloped; the principle which lies at the bottom of any development; an unfinished beginning.
"but I will bring thee where thou soon shalt quit Those rudiments, and see before thine eyes The monarchies of the earth." Milton.
"the single leaf is the rudiment of beauty in landscape." I. Taylor.
2. Hence, an element or first principle of any art or science; a beginning of any knowledge; a first step.
"This boy is forest-born, And hath been tutored in the rudiments of many desperate studies." Shak.
"There he shall first lay down the rudiments Of his great warfare." Milton.
3. (Biol.) An imperfect organ or part, or one which is never developed.

Rudiment
Ru´di•ment, v. t. To furnish with first principles or rules; to insrtuct in the rudiments. Gayton.

Rudimental
Ru•di•men´tal, a. Rudimentary. Addison.

Rudimentary
Ru•di•men´ta•ry, a. [Cf. F. rudimentaire.]
1. Of or pertaining to rudiments; consisting in first principles; elementary; initial; as rudimental essays.
2. (Biol.) Very imperfectly developed; in an early stage of development; embryonic.

Rudish
Rud´ish, a. Somewhat rude. Foote.

Rudistes
Ru•dis´tes, n. pl. [NL., fr. L. rudis rough.] (Paleon.) An extinct order or suborder of bivalve mollusks characteristic of the Cretaceous period; — called also Rudista. See Illust. under Hippurite.

Rudmasday
Rud´mas•day, n. [See Rood, Mass, Day.] (R.C.Ch.) Either of the feasts of the Holy Cross, occuring on May 3 and September 14, annually.

Rue, n. [F. rue, L. ruta, akin to Gr. ; cf. AS. rde.]
1. (Bot.) A perennial suffrutescent plant ( Ruta graveolens), having a strong, heavy odor and a bitter taste; herb of grace. It is used in medicine.
"Then purged with euphrasy and rue The visual nerve, for he had much to see." Milton.
"They [the exorcists] are to try the devil by holy water, incense, sulphur, rue, which from thence, as we suppose, came to be called herb of grace." Jer. Taylor.
2. Fig.: Bitterness; disappointment; grief; regret. Goat’s rue. See under Goat. — Rue anemone, a pretty springtime flower ( Thalictrum anemonides) common in the United States. — Wall rue, a little fern ( Asplenium Ruta- muraria) common on walls in Europe.

Rue, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Rued p. pr. & vb. n. Ruing.] [OE. rewen, reouwen, to grive, make sorry, AS. hreówan; akin to OS. hrewan, D. rouwen, OHG. hriuwan, G. reun, Icel. hruggr grieved, hrugð sorrow. rad. 18. Cf. Ruth.]
1. To lament; to regret extremely; to grieve for or over. Chaucer.
"I wept to see, and rued it from my heart." Chapmen.
"Thy will Chose freely what it now so justly rues." Milton.
2. To cause to grieve; to afflict. [Obs.] "God wot, it rueth me." Chaucer.
3. To repent of, and withdraw from, as a bargain; to get released from. [Prov. Eng.]

Rue, v. i.
1. To have compassion. [Obs.]
"God so wisly [ i. e., truly] on my soul rue." Chaucer.
"Which stirred men’s hearts to rue upon them." Ridley.
2. To feel sorrow and regret; to repent.
"Work by counsel and thou shalt not rue." Chaucer.
"Old year, we’ll dearly rue for you." Tennyson.

Rue, n. [AS. hreów. See Rue, v. t.] Sorrow; repetance. [Obs.] Shak.

Ruell bone
Ru"ell bone See rewel bone. [Obs.]

Rufescent
Ru•fes´cent, a. [L. rufescens, p. pr. of rufescere to become reddish, fr. rufus red: cf. F. rufescent.] Reddish; tinged with red.

Ruff, n. [F. ronfle; cf. It. ronfa, Pg. rufa, rifa.] (Card Playing) (a) A game similar to whist, and the predecessor of it. Nares. (b) The act of trumping, especially when one has no card of the suit led.

Ruff, v. i. & t. (Card Playing) To trump.

Ruff, n. [Of uncertain origin: cf. Icel. rfinn rough, uncombed, Pr. ruf rude, rough, Sp. rufo frizzed, crisp, curled, G. raufen to pluck, fight, rupfen to pluck, pull, E. rough. rad.18. Cf. Ruffle to wrinkle.]
1. A muslin or linen collar plaited, crimped, or fluted, worn formerly by both sexes, now only by women and children.
"Here to-morrow with his best ruff on." Shak.
"His gravity is much lessened since the late proclamation came out against ruffs; … they were come to that height of excess herein, that twenty shillings were used to be paid for starching of a ruff." Howell.
2. Something formed with plaits or flutings, like the collar of this name.
"I reared this flower; … Soft on the paper ruff its leaves I spread." Pope.
3. An exhibition of pride or haughtiness.
"How many princes … in the ruff of all their glory, have been taken down from the head of a conquering army to the wheel of the victor’s chariot!" L’Estrange.
4. Wanton or tumultuous procedure or conduct. [Obs.]
"To ruffle it out in a riotous ruff." Latimer.
5. (Mil.) A low, vibrating beat of a drum, not so loud as a roll; a ruffle.
6. (Mach.) A collar on a shaft ot other piece to prevent endwise motion. See Illust. of Collar.
7. (Zoöl.) A set of lengthened or otherwise modified feathers round, or on, the neck of a bird.
8. (Zoöl.) (a) A limicoline bird of Europe and Asia ( Pavoncella, or Philommachus, pugnax) allied to the sandpipers. The males during the breeding season have a large ruff of erectile feathers, variable in their colors, on the neck, and yellowish naked tubercles on the face. They are polygamous, and are noted for their pugnacity in the breeding season. The female is called reeve, or rheeve. (b) A variety of the domestic pigeon, having a ruff of its neck.

Ruff, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Ruffed p. pr. & vb. n. Ruffing.]
1. To ruffle; to disorder. Spenser.
2. (Mil.) To beat with the ruff or ruffle, as a drum.
3. (Hawking) To hit, as the prey, without fixing it. { Ruff, Ruffe }, n. [OE. ruffe.] (Zoöl.) A small freshwater European perch ( Acerina vulgaris); — called also pope, blacktail, and stone, or striped, perch.

Ruffian
Ruf´fian (? or 277), n. [F. rufien, OF. ruffen, ruffian, pimp. libertine, ake; cf. pr. & Sp. rufian, It. ruffiano; all perhaps of German or Dutch origin; cf. G. raufen to pluck, scuffle, fight, OD. roffen to pander. Cf. Ruffle to grow urbulent.]
1. A pimp; a pander; also a paramour. [Obs.]
"he [her husband] is no sooner abroad than she is instantly at home, reveling with her ruffians." Bp. Reynolds.
2. A boisterous, cruel, brutal fellow; a desperate fellow ready for murderous or cruel deeds; a cutthroat.
"Wilt thou on thy deathbed play the ruffian?" Shak.

Ruffian
Ruf´fian, a. brutal; cruel; savagely boisterous; murderous; as ruffian rage.

Ruffian
Ruf´fian, v. i. To play the ruffian; to rage; to raise tumult. [R.] Shak.

Ruffianage
Ruf´fian•age, n. Ruffians, collectively; a body of ruffians. "The vilest ruffianage." Sir F. Palgrave.

Ruffianish
Ruf´fian•ish, a. Having the qualities or manners of a ruffian; ruffianly.

Ruffianlike
Ruf´fian•like, a. Ruffianly. Fulke.

Ruffianly
Ruf´fian•ly, a. Like a ruffian; bold in crimes; characteristic of a ruffian; violent; brutal.

Ruffianous
Ruf´fian•ous, a. Ruffianly. [Obs.] Chapman.

Ruffin
Ruf´fin, a. [See Ruffian.] Disordered. [Obs.]
"His ruffin rainment all was stained with blood." Spenser.

Ruffle
Ruf´fle, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Ruffled p. pr. & vb. n. Ruffling ] [From Ruff a plaited collar, a drum beat, a tumult: cf. OD. ruyffelen to wrinkle.]
1. To make into a ruff; to draw or contract into puckers, plaits, or folds; to wrinkle.
2. To furnish with ruffles; as to ruffle a shirt.
3. To oughen or disturb the surface of; to make uneven by agitation or commotion.
"The fantastic revelries … that so often ruffled the placid bosom of the Nile." I. Taylor.
"She smoothed the ruffled seas." Dryden.
4. To erect in a ruff, as feathers.
"[the swan] ruffles her pure cold plume." Tennyson.
5. (Mil.) To beat with the ruff or ruffle, as a drum.
6. To discompose; to agitate; to disturb.
"These ruffle the tranquillity of the mind." Sir W. Hamilton.
"But, ever after, the small violence done Rankled in him and ruffled all his heart." Tennyson.
7. To throw into disorder or confusion.
"Where best He might the ruffled foe infest." Hudibras.
8. To throw together in a disorderly manner. [R.]
"I ruffled up falen leaves in heap." ChapmanTo ruffle the feathers of, to exite the resentment of; to irritate.

Ruffle
Ruf´fle, v. i. [Perhaps of different origin from ruffle to wrinkle; cf. OD. roffeln, roffen, to pander, LG. raffein, Dan. ruffer a pimp. Cf. Rufflan.]
1. To grow rough, boisterous, or turbulent. [R.]
"The night comes on, and the bleak winds Do sorely ruffle." Shak.
2. To become disordered; to play loosely; to flutter.
"On his right shoulder his thick mane reclined, Ruffles at speed, and dances in the wind." Dryden.
3. To be rough; to jar; to be in contention; hence, to put on airs; to swagger.
"They would ruffle with jurors." Bacon.
"Gallants who ruffled in silk and embroidery." Sir W. Scott.

Ruffle
Ruf´fle, n. [See Ruffle, v. t. & i.]
1. That which is ruffled; specifically, a strip of lace, cambric, or other fine cloth, plaited or gathered on one edge or in the middle, and used as a trimming; a frill.
2. A state of being ruffled or disturbed; disturbance; agitation; commotion; as to put the mind in a ruffle.
3. (Mil.) A low, vibrating beat of a drum, not so loud as a roll; — called also ruff. H. L. Scott.
4. (Zoöl.) The connected series of large egg capsules, or oöthecae, of any one of several species of American marine gastropods of the genus Fulgur. See Oötheca. Ruffle of a boot, the top turned down, and scalloped or plaited. Halliwell.

Rufflement
Ruf´fle•ment, n. The act of ruffling. [R.]

Ruffler
Ruf´fler, n.
1. One who ruffles; a swaggerer; a bully; a ruffian.
"Assaults, if not murders, done at his own doors by that crew of rufflers." Milton.
2. That which ruffles; specifically, a sewing machine attachment for making ruffles.

Rufigallic
Ru•fi•gal´lic, a. [ Rufiopin + gallic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid which is obtained from gallic acid as a brown or red crystalline substance, and is related to rufiopin and anthracene.

Rufiopin
Ru•fi•o´pin, n. [L. rufus reddish + opianic.] (Chem.) A yellowish red crystalline substance related to anthracene, and obtained from opianic acid.

Rufol
Ru´fol, n. [L. rufus reddish + -ol.] (Chem.) A phenol derivative of anthracene obtained as a white crystalline substance, which on oxidation produces a red dyestuff related to anthraquinone.

Rufous
Ru´fous, a. [L. rufus.] Reddish; of a yellowish red or brownish red color; tawny.

Ruft, n. (Med.) Eructation; belching. [Obs.]

Rufterhood
Ruf´ter•hood, n. [Cf. Ruff a plaited collar.] (Falconry) A kind of hood for a hawk.

Ruga
Ru´ga, n. ; pl. Rugae (#). [L.] (Nat. Hist.) A wrinkle; a fold; as the rugae of the stomach.

Rugate
Ru´gate, a. [L. rugatus, p. p. of rugare to wrinkle, fr. ruga a wrinkle.] Having alternate ridges and depressions; wrinkled. Dana.

Rugged
Rug´ged, a. [See Rug, n. ]
1. Full of asperities on the surface; broken into sharp or irregular points, or otherwise uneven; not smooth; rough; as a rugged mountain; a rugged road.
"The rugged bark of some broad elm." Milton.
2. Not neat or regular; uneven.
"His well-proportioned beard made rough and rugged." Shak.
3. Rough with bristles or hair; shaggy. "The rugged Russian bear." Shak.
4. Harsh; hard; crabbed; austere; — said of temper, character, and the like, or of persons.
"Neither melt nor endear him, but leave him as hard, rugged, and unconcerned as ever." South.
5. Stormy; turbulent; tempestuous; rude. Milton.
6. Rough to the ear; harsh; grating; — said of sound, style, and the like.
"Through the harsh cadence of a rugged line." Dryden.
7. Sour; surly; frowning; wrinkled; — said of looks, etc. "Sleek o’er your rugged looks." Shak.
8. Violent; rude; boisterrous; — said of conduct, manners, etc.
9. Vigorous; robust; hardy; — said of health, physique, etc. [Colloq. U.S.]
Syn. — Rough; uneven; wrinkled; cragged; coarse; rude; harsh; hard; crabbed; severe; austere; surly; sour; frowning; violent; boisterous; tumultuous; turbulent; stormy; tempestuous; inclement. — Rug´ged•ly (#), adv. — Rug´ged•ness, n.

Rug-gowned
Rug´-gowned, a. Wearing a coarse gown or shaggy garment made of rug. Beau. & Fl.

Ruggy
Rug´gy, a. Rugged; rough. [Obs.] "With ruggy, ashy hairs." Chaucer.

Rug-headed
Rug´-head•ed, a. Having shaggy hair; shock-headed. [Obs.]
"Those rough rug-headed kerns." Shak.

Rugin
Rug´in, n. A nappy cloth. [Obs.] Wiseman.

Rugine
Ru´gine, n. [F.] (Surg.) An instrument for scraping the periosteum from bones; a raspatory.

Rugine
Ru´gine, v. t. [F. ruginer to scrape.] To scrape or rasp, as a bone; to scale. [R.] Wiseman.

Rugosa
Ru•go´sa, n. pl. [NL. See Rugose.] (Paleon.) An extinct tribe of fossil corals, including numerous species, many of them of large size. They are characteristic of the Paleozoic formations. The radiating septs, when present, are usually in multiples of four. See Cyathophylloid.

Rugosity
Ru•gos´i•ty, n. [L. rugositas: cf. F. rugosite.] The quality or state of being rugose.

Rugous
Ru´gous, a. [Cf. F. rugueux.] Wrinkled; rugose.

Rugulose
Ru•gu•lose´, a. Somewhat rugose.

Ruhmkorff’s coil
Ruhm"korff’s coil [So called from its inventor, Ruhmkorff, a german physicist.] (Elec.) See Induction coil, under Induction.

Ruinable
Ru´in•a•ble, a. Capable of being ruined.

Ruinate
Ru´in•ate, v. t. [LL. ruinatus, p. p. of ruinare to ruin. See Ruin.]
1. To demolish; to subvert; to destroy; to reduce to poverty; to ruin.
"I will not ruinate my fther’s house." Shak.
"Ruinating thereby the health of their bodies." Burton.
2. To cause to fall; to cast down.
"On the other side they saw that perilous rock Threatening itself on them to ruinate." Spenser.

Ruinate
Ru´in•ate, v. i. To fall; to tumble. [Obs.]

Ruinate
Ru´in•ate, a. [L. ruinatus, p. p.] Involved in ruin; ruined.
"My brother Edward lives in pomp and state, I in a mansion here all ruinate." J. Webster.

Ruination
Ru•in•a´tion, n. [LL. ruinatio.] The act of ruining, or the state of being ruined.

Ruiner
Ru´in•er, n. One who, or that which, ruins.

Ruiniform
Ru´in•i•form, a. [ Ruin + - form: cf. F. ruiniforme.] Having the appearance of ruins, or of the ruins of houses; — said of certain minerals.

Ruinous
Ru´in•ous, a. [L. ruinosus: cf. F. ruineux. See Ruin.]
1. Causing, or tending to cause, ruin; destructive; baneful; pernicious; as a ruinous project.
"After a night of storm so ruinous." Milton.
2. Characterized by ruin; ruined; dilapidated; as an edifice, bridge, or wall in a ruinous state.
3. Composed of, or consisting in, ruins.
"Behold, Damascus … shall be a ruinous heap." Isa. xvii. 1.
Syn. — Dilapidated; decayed; demolished; pernicious; destructive; baneful; wasteful; mischievous. — Ru´in•ous•ly (#), adv. — Ru´in•ous•ness, n.

Rule, n. [OE. reule, riule, OF. riule, reule, F. regle, fr. L. regula a ruler, rule, model, fr. regere, rectum, to lead straight, to direct. See Right, a. , and cf. Regular.]
1. That which is prescribed or laid down as a guide for conduct or action; a governing direction for a specific purpose; an authoritative enactment; a regulation; a prescription; a precept; as the rules of various societies; the rules governing a school; a rule of etiquette or propriety; the rules of cricket.
"We profess to have embraced a religion which contains the most exact rules for the government of our lives." Tillotson.
2. Hence: (a) Uniform or established course of things.
"’T is against the rule of nature." Shak. (b) Systematic method or practice; as my ule is to rise at six o’clock. (c) Ordibary course of procedure; usual way; comon state or condition of things; as it is a rule to which there are many exeptions. (d) Conduct in general; behavior. [Obs.]
"This uncivil rule; she shall know of it." Shak.
3. The act of ruling; administration of law; government; empire; authority; control.
"Obey them that have the rule over you." Heb. xiii. 17.
"His stern rule the groaning land obeyed." Pope.
4. (Law) An order regulating the practice of the courts, or an order made between parties to an action or a suit. Wharton.
5. (Math.) A determinate method prescribed for performing any operation and producing a certain result; as a rule for extracting the cube root.
6. (Gram.) A general principle concerning the formation or use of words, or a concise statement thereof; thus, it is a rule in England, that s or es, added to a noun in the singular number, forms the plural of that noun; but "man" forms its plural "men", and is an exception to the rule.
7. (a) A straight strip of wood, metal, or the like, which serves as a guide in drawing a straight line; a ruler. (b) A measuring instrument consisting of a graduated bar of wood, ivory, metal, or the like, which is usually marked so as to show inches and fractions of an inch, and jointed so that it may be folded compactly.
"A judicious artist will use his eye, but he will trust only to his rule." South.
8. (Print.) (a) A thin plate of metal (usually brass) of the same height as the type, and used for printing lines, as between columns on the same page, or in tabular work. (b) A composing rule. See under Conposing. As a rule, as a general thing; in the main; usually; as he behaves well, as a rule. — Board rule, Caliber rule, etc. See under Board, Caliber, etc. — Rule joint, a knuckle joint having shoulders that abut when the connected pieces come in line with each other, and thus permit folding in one direction only. — Rule of three (Arith.), that rule which directs, when three terms are given, how to find a fourth, which shall have the same ratio to the third term as the second has to the first; proportion. See Proportion, 5 (b). — Rule of thumb, any rude process or operation, like that of using the thumb as a rule in measuring; hence, judgment and practical experience as distinguished from scientific knowledge.
Syn. — regulation; law; precept; maxim; guide; canon; order; method; direction; control; government; sway; empire.

Rule, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Ruled p. pr. & vb. n. Ruling.] [Cf. OF. riuler, ruiler, L. regulare. See Rule, n. , and cf. Regulate.]
1. To control the will and actions of; to exercise authority or dominion over; to govern; to manage. Chaucer.
"A bishop then must be blameless; … one that ruleth well his own house, having his children in subjection." 1 Tim. iii. 2, 4.
2. To control or direct by influence, counsel, or persuasion; to guide; — used chiefly in the passive.
"I think she will be ruled In all respects by me." Shak.
3. To establish or settle by, or as by, a rule; to fix by universal or general consent, or by common practice.
"That’s are ruled case with the schoolmen." Atterbury.
4. (Law) To require or command by rule; to give as a direction or order of court.
5. To mark with lines made with a pen, pencil, etc., guided by a rule or ruler; to print or mark with lines by means of a rule or other contrivance effecting a similar result; as to rule a sheet of paper of a blank book. Ruled surface (Geom.), any surface that may be described by a straight line moving according to a given law; — called also a scroll.

Rule, v. i.
1. To have power or command; to exercise supreme authority; — often followed by over.
"By me princes rule, and nobles." Prov. viii. 16.
"We subdue and rule over all other creatures." Ray.
2. (Law) To lay down and settle a rule or order of court; to decide an incidental point; to enter a rule. Burril. Bouvier.
3. (Com.) To keep within a (certain) range for a time; to be in general, or as a rule; as prices ruled lower yesterday than the day before.

Rule, n. — Rule of the road (Law), any of the various regulations imposed upon travelers by land or water for their mutual convenience or safety. In the United States it is a rule of the road that land travelers passing in opposite directions shall turn out each to his own right, and generally that overtaking persons or vehicles shall turn out to the left; in England the rule for vehicles (but not for pedestrians) is the opposite of this.

Ruleless
Rule´less, a. Destitute of rule; lawless. Spenser.

Rule-monger
Rule´-mon•ger, n. A stickler for rules; a slave of rules [R.] Hare.

Ruler
Rul´er (rul"er), n.
1. One who rules; one who exercises sway or authority; a governor.
"And he made him ruler over all the land." Gen. xli. 43.
"A prince and ruler of the land." Shak.
2. A straight or curved strip of wood, metal, etc., with a smooth edge, used for guiding a pen or pencil in drawing lines. Cf. Rule, n. , 7 (a). Parallel ruler. See under Parallel.

Rulingly
Rul´ing•ly, adv. In a ruling manner; so as to rule.

Rullichies
Rul´li•chies (rul"li•chiz), n. pl. [Cf. D. rolletje a little roll.] Chopped meat stuffed into small bags of tripe. They are cut in slices and fried. [Local, New York]

Ruly
Rul´y, a. [From Rule.] Orderly; easily restrained; — opposed to unruly. [Obs.] Gascoigne.

Rumble
Rum´ble, v. i. [OE. romblen, akin to D. rommelen, G. rumpeln, Dan. rumle; cf. Icel. rymja to roar.]
1. To make a low, heavy, continued sound; as the thunder rumbles at a distance.
"In the mean while the skies ’gan rumble sore." Surrey.
"The people cried and rombled up and down." Chaucer.
2. To murmur; to ripple.
"To rumble gently down with murmur soft." Spenser.

Rumble
Rum´ble, n.
1. A noisy report; rumor. [Obs.]
"Delighting ever in rumble that is new." Chaucer.
2. A low, heavy, continuous sound like that made by heavy wagons or the reverberation of thunder; a confused noise; as the rumble of a railroad train.
"Clamor and rumble, and ringing and clatter." Tennyson.
"Merged in the rumble of awakening day." H. James.
3. A seat for servants, behind the body of a carriage.
"Kit, well wrapped, … was in the rumble behind." Dickens.
4. A rotating cask or box in which small articles are smoothed or polished by friction against each other.

Rumble
Rum´ble, v. t. To cause to pass through a rumble, or shaking machine. See Rumble, n. , 4.

Rumbling
Rum´bling, a. & n. from Rumble, v. i.

Rumbo
Rum´bo, n. Grog. [Obs.] Sir W. Scott.

Rumbowline
Rum•bow´line, n. (Naut.) Same as Rombowline.

Rumicin
Ru´mi•cin, n. (Chem.) A yellow crystalline substance found in the root of yellow dock ( Rumex crispus) and identical with chrysophanic acid.

Ruminal
Rumi•nal, a. [L. ruminalis.] (Zoöl.) Ruminant; ruminating. [R.]

Ruminant
Ru´mi•nant, a. [L. ruminans, -antis, p. pr.: cf. F. ruminant. See Ruminate.] (Zoöl.) Chewing the cud; characterized by chewing again what has been swallowed; of or pertaining to the Ruminantia.

Ruminant
Ru´mi•nant, n. (Zoöl.) A ruminant animal; one of the Ruminantia.

Ruminantia
Ru•mi•nan´ti•a, n. pl. [NL.] (Zoöl.) A division of Artiodactyla having four stomachs. This division includes the camels, deer, antelopes, goats, sheep, neat cattle, and allies. The vegetable food, after the first mastication, enters the first stomach ( r). It afterwards passes into the second ( n), where it is moistened, and formed into pellets which the animal has the power of bringing back to the mouth to be chewed again, after which it is swallowed into the third stomach ( m), whence it passes to the fourth ( s), where it is finally digested.

Ruminantly
Ru´mi•nant•ly, adv. In a ruminant manner; by ruminating, or chewing the cud.

Ruminate
Ru´mi•nate, v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Ruminated p. pr. & vb. n. Ruminating.] [L. ruminatus, p. p. of ruminari, ruminare, fr. rumen, -inis, throat, akin to ructare to belch, erugere to belch out, Gr., AS. roccettan.]
1. To chew the cud; to chew again what has been slightly chewed and swallowed. "Cattle free to ruminate." Wordsworth.
2. Fig.: To think again and again; to muse; to meditate; to ponder; to reflect. Cowper.
"Apart from the hope of the gospel, who is there that ruminates on the felicity of heaven?" I. Taylor.

Ruminate
Ru´mi•nate, v. t.
1. To chew over again.
2. Fig.: To meditate or ponder over; to muse on.
"Mad with desire, she ruminates her sin." Dryden.
"What I know Is ruminated, plotted, and set down." Shak. { Ru´mi•nate, Ru´mi•na•ted }, a. (Bot.) Having a hard albumen penetrated by irregular channels filled with softer matter, as the nutmeg and the seeds of the North American papaw.

Rumination
Ru•mi•na´tion, n. [L. ruminatio: cf. F. rumination.]
1. The act or process of ruminating, or chewing the cud; the habit of chewing the cud.
"Rumination is given to animals to enable them at once to lay up a great store of food, and afterward to chew it." Arbuthnot.
2. The state of being disposed to ruminate or ponder; deliberate meditation or reflection.
"Retiring full of rumination sad." Thomson.
3. (Physiol.) The regurgitation of food from the stomach after it has been swallowed, — occasionally observed as a morbid phenomenon in man.

Ruminative
Ru´mi•na•tive, a. Inclined to, or engaged in, rumination or meditation.

Ruminator
Ru´mi•na•tor, n. [L.] One who ruminates or muses; a meditator.

Rumkin
Rum´kin, n. [Cf. Rummer, and see -kin.] A popular or jocular name for a drinking vessel. [Obs.]

Rummager
Rum´ma•ger, n.
1. One who rummages.
2. (Naut.) A person on shipboard whose business was to take charge of stowing the cargo; — formerly written roomager, and romager. [Obs.]
"The master must provide a perfect mariner, called a romager, to range and bestow all merchandise." Hakluyt.

Rummer
Rum´mer, n. [D. roemer, romer, akin to G. römer, Sw. remmare; perhaps properly, Roman.] A large and tall glass, or drinking cup. [Obs.] J. Philips.

Rummy
Rum´my, a. Of or pertaining to rum; characteristic of rum; as a rummy flavor.

Rummy
Rum´my, n. ; pl. Rummies . One who drinks rum; an habitually intemperate person. [Low]

Rummy
Rum´my, a. [See Rum, a. ] Strange; odd. [Slang]

Rumor
Ru´mor, n. [F. rumeur, L. rumor; cf. rumificare, rumitare to rumor, Skr. ru to cry.] [Written also rumour.]
1. A flying or popular report; the common talk; hence, public fame; notoriety.
"This rumor of him went forth throughout all Judea, and throughout all the region round about." Luke vii. 17.
"Great is the rumor of this dreadful knight." Shak.
2. A current story passing from one person to another, without any known authority for its truth; — in this sense often personified.
"Rumor next, and Chance, And Tumult, and Confusion, all embroiled." Milton.
3. A prolonged, indistinct noise. [Obs.] Shak.

Rumor
Ru´mor, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Rumored p. pr. & vb. n. Rumoring.] To report by rumor; to tell.
"’T was rumored My father ’scaped from out the citadel." Dryden.

Rumorous
Ru´mor•ous, a. [Cf. OF. rumoreux, It. rumoroso, romoroso.]
1. Of or pertaining to a rumor; of the nature of rumors. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton.
2. Famous; notorious. [Obs.] Bale.
3. Murmuring. [Obs. or Poetic] Drayton.

Rump, n. [OE. rumpe; akin to D. romp trunk, body, LG. rump, G. rumpf, Dan. rumpe rump, Icel. rumpr, Sw. rumpa rump, tail.]
1. The end of the backbone of an animal, with the parts adjacent; the buttock or buttocks.
2. Among butchers, the piece of beef between the sirloin and the aitchbone piece. See Illust. of Beef.
3. Fig.: The hind or tail end; a fag-end; a remnant. Rump Parliament, or The Rump (Eng. Hist.), the remnant of the Long Parliament after the expulsion by Cromwell in 1648 of those who opposed his purposes. It was dissolved by Cromwell in 1653, but twice revived for brief sessions, ending finally in 1659.
"The Rump abolished the House of Lords, the army abolished the Rump, and by this army of saints Cromwell governed." Swift. — Rump steak, a beefsteak from the rump. Goldsmith.

Rump-fed
Rump´-fed, a. A Shakespearean word of uncertain meaning. Perhaps "fattened in the rump, pampered." "The rump-fed ronyon."

Rumple
Rum´ple, v. t. & i. [ imp. & p. p. Rumpled p. pr. & vb. n. Rumpling .] [Cf. rimple, and D. rimpelen to wrinkle, rompelig rough, uneven, G. rümpfen to wrinkle, MHG. rümphen, OHG. rimpfan, Gr. "ra•mfos the crooked beak of birds of prey, to roam.] To make uneven; to form into irregular inequalities; to wrinkle; to crumple; as to rumple an apron or a cravat.
"They would not give a dog’s ear of their most rumpled and ragged Scotch paper for twenty of your fairest assignats." Burke.

Rumple
Rum´ple, n. A fold or plait; a wrinkle. Dryden.

Rumpled
Rum´pled, a. Wrinkled; crumpled. Pope.

Rumpless
Rump´less, a. Destitute of a rump.

Rumply
Rum´ply, a. Rumpled. Carlyle.

Rumpus
Rum´pus, n. A disturbance; noise and confusion; a quarrel. [Colloq.]

Rumseller
Rum´sell•er, n. One who sells rum; one who deals in intoxicating liquors; especially, one who sells spirituous beverages at retail.

Run, v. i. [ imp. Ran or Run; p. p. Run; p. pr. & vb. n. Running.] [OE. rinnen, rennen (imp. ran, p. p. runnen, ronnen). AS. rinnan to flow (imp. ran, p. p. gerunnen), and iernan, irnan, to run (imp. orn, arn, earn, p. p. urnen); akin to D. runnen, rennen, OS. & OHG. rinnan, G. rinnen, rennen, Icel. renna, rinna, Sw. rinna, ränna, Dan. rinde, rende, Goth. rinnan, and perh. to L. oriri to rise, Gr. to stir up, rouse, Skr. (cf. Origin), or perh. to L. rivus brook (cf. Rival). rad.11. Cf. Ember, a. , Rennet.]
1. To move, proceed, advance, pass, go, come, etc., swiftly, smoothly, or with quick action; — said of things animate or inanimate. Hence, to flow, glide, or roll onward, as a stream, a snake, a wagon, etc.; to move by quicker action than in walking, as a person, a horse, a dog. Specifically: —
2. Of voluntary or personal action: (a) To go swiftly; to pass at a swift pace; to hasten.
""Ha, ha, the fox!" and after him they ran." Chaucer. (b) To flee, as from fear or danger.
"As from a bear a man would run for life." Shak. (c) To steal off; to depart secretly.
"My conscience will serve me to run from this jew." Shak. (d) To contend in a race; hence, to enter into a contest; to become a candidate; as to run for Congress.
"Know ye not that they which run in a race run all, but one receiveth the prize? So run, that ye may obtain." 1 Cor. ix. 24. (e) To pass from one state or condition to another; to come into a certain condition; — often with in or into; as to run into evil practices; to run in debt.
"Have I not cause to rave and beat my breast, to rend my heart with grief and run distracted?" Addison. (f) To exert continuous activity; to proceed; as to run through life; to run in a circle. (g) To pass or go quickly in thought or conversation; as to run from one subject to another.
"Virgil, in his first Georgic, has run into a set of precepts foreign to his subject." Addison. (h) To discuss; to continue to think or speak about something; — with on. (i) To make numerous drafts or demands for payment, as upon a bank; — with on. (j) To creep, as serpents.
3. Of involuntary motion: (a) To flow, as a liquid; to ascend or descend; to course; as rivers run to the sea; sap runs up in the spring; her blood ran cold. (b) To proceed along a surface; to extend; to spread.
"The fire ran along upon the ground." Ex. ix. 23. (c) To become fluid; to melt; to fuse.
"As wax dissolves, as ice begins to run." Addison.
"Sussex iron ores run freely in the fire." Woodward. (d) To turn, as a wheel; to revolve on an axis or pivot; as a wheel runs swiftly round. (e) To travel; to make progress; to be moved by mechanical means; to go; as the steamboat runs regularly to Albany; the train runs to Chicago. (f) To extend; to reach; as the road runs from Philadelphia to New York; the memory of man runneth not to the contrary.
"She saw with joy the line immortal run, Each sire impressed, and glaring in his son." Pope. (g) To go back and forth from place to place; to ply; as the stage runs between the hotel and the station. (h) To make progress; to proceed; to pass.
"As fast as our time runs, we should be very glad in most part of our lives that it ran much faster." Addison. (i) To continue in operation; to be kept in action or motion; as this engine runs night and day; the mill runs six days in the week.
"When we desire anything, our minds run wholly on the good circumstances of it; when it is obtained, our minds run wholly on the bad ones." Swift. (j) To have a course or direction; as a line runs east and west.
"Where the generally allowed practice runs counter to it." Locke.
"Little is the wisdom, where the flight So runs against all reason." Shak. (k) To be in form thus, as a combination of words.
"The king’s ordinary style runneth, "Our sovereign lord the king."" Bp. Sanderson. (l) To be popularly known; to be generally received.
"Men gave them their own names, by which they run a great while in Rome." Sir W. Temple.
"Neither was he ignorant what report ran of himself." Knolles. (m) To have growth or development; as boys and girls run up rapidly.
"If the richness of the ground cause turnips to run to leaves." Mortimer. (n) To tend, as to an effect or consequence; to incline.
"A man’s nature runs either to herbs or weeds." Bacon.
"Temperate climates run into moderate governments." Swift. (o) To spread and blend together; to unite; as colors run in washing.
"In the middle of a rainbow the colors are … distinguished, but near the borders they run into one another." I. Watts. (p) To have a legal course; to be attached; to continue in force, effect, or operation; to follow; to go in company; as certain covenants run with the land.
"Customs run only upon our goods imported or exported, and that but once for all; whereas interest runs as well upon our ships as goods, and must be yearly paid." Sir J. Child. (q) To continue without falling due; to hold good; as a note has thirty days to run. (r) To discharge pus or other matter; as an ulcer runs. (s) To be played on the stage a number of successive days or nights; as the piece ran for six months. (t) (Naut.) To sail before the wind, in distinction from reaching or sailing closehauled; — said of vessels.
4. Specifically, of a horse: To move rapidly in a gait in which each leg acts in turn as a propeller and a supporter, and in which for an instant all the limbs are gathered in the air under the body. Stillman (The Horse in Motion).
5. (Athletics) To move rapidly by springing steps so that there is an instant in each step when neither foot touches the ground; — so distinguished from walking in athletic competition. As things run, according to the usual order, conditions, quality, etc.; on the average; without selection or specification. — To let run (Naut.), to allow to pass or move freely; to slacken or loosen. — To run after, to pursue or follow; to search for; to endeavor to find or obtain; as to run after similes. Locke. — To run away, to flee; to escape; to elope; to run without control or guidance. — To run away with. (a) To convey away hurriedly; to accompany in escape or elopement. (b) To drag rapidly and with violence; as a horse runs away with a carriage. — To run down. (a) To cease to work or operate on account of the exhaustion of the motive power; — said of clocks, watches, etc. (b) To decline in condition; as to run down in health. — To run down a coast, to sail along it. — To run for an office, to stand as a candidate for an office. — To run in or into. (a) To enter; to step in. (b) To come in collision with. — To run in trust, to run in debt; to get credit. [Obs.] — To run in with. (a) To close; to comply; to agree with. [R.] T. Baker. (b) (Naut.) To make toward; to near; to sail close to; as to run in with the land. — To run mad, To run mad after or on. See under Mad. — To run on. (a) To be continued; as their accounts had run on for a year or two without a settlement. (b) To talk incessantly. (c) To continue a course. (d) To press with jokes or ridicule; to abuse with sarcasm; to bear hard on. (e) (Print.) To be continued in the same lines, without making a break or beginning a new paragraph. — To run out. (a) To come to an end; to expire; as the lease runs out at Michaelmas. (b) To extend; to spread. "Insectile animals … run all out into legs." Hammond. (c) To expatiate; as to run out into beautiful digressions. (d) To be wasted or exhausted; to become poor; to become extinct; as an estate managed without economy will soon run out.
"And had her stock been less, no doubt She must have long ago run out." Dryden. — To run over. (a) To overflow; as a cup runs over, or the liquor runs over. (b) To go over, examine, or rehearse cursorily. (c) To ride or drive over; as to run over a child. — To run riot, to go to excess. — To run through. (a) To go through hastily; as to run through a book. (b) To spend wastefully; as to run through an estate. — To run to seed, to expend or exhaust vitality in producing seed, as a plant; figuratively and colloquially, to cease growing; to lose vital force, as the body or mind. — To run up, to rise; to swell; to grow; to increase; as accounts of goods credited run up very fast.
"But these, having been untrimmed for many years, had run up into great bushes, or rather dwarf trees." Sir W. Scott. — To run with. (a) To be drenched with, so that streams flow; as the streets ran with blood. (b) To flow while charged with some foreign substance. "Its rivers ran with gold." J. H. Newman.

Run, v. t.
1. To cause to run (in the various senses of Run, v. i.); as to run a horse; to run a stage; to run a machine; to run a rope through a block.
2. To pursue in thought; to carry in contemplation.
"To run the world back to its first original." South.
"I would gladly understand the formation of a soul, and run it up to its "punctum saliens."" Collier.
3. To cause to enter; to thrust; as to run a sword into or through the body; to run a nail into the foot.
"You run your head into the lion’s mouth." Sir W. Scott.
"Having run his fingers through his hair." Dickens.
4. To drive or force; to cause, or permit, to be driven.
"They ran the ship aground." Acts xxvii. 41.
"A talkative person runs himself upon great inconveniences by blabbing out his own or other’s secrets." Ray.
"Others, accustomed to retired speculations, run natural philosophy into metaphysical notions." Locke.
5. To fuse; to shape; to mold; to cast; as to run bullets, and the like.
"The purest gold must be run and washed." Felton.
6. To cause to be drawn; to mark out; to indicate; to determine; as to run a line.
7. To cause to pass, or evade, offical restrictions; to smuggle; — said of contraband or dutiable goods.
"Heavy impositions … are a strong temptation of running goods." Swift.
8. To go through or accomplish by running; as to run a race; to run a certain career.
9. To cause to stand as a candidate for office; to support for office; as to run some one for Congress. [Colloq. U.S.]
10. To encounter or incur, as a danger or risk; as to run the risk of losing one’s life. See To run the chances, below. "He runneth two dangers." Bacon.
11. To put at hazard; to venture; to risk.
"He would himself be in the Highlands to receive them, and run his fortune with them." Clarendon.
12. To discharge; to emit; to give forth copiously; to be bathed with; as the pipe or faucet runs hot water.
"At the base of Pompey’s statua, Which all the while ran blood, great Caesar fell." Shak.
13. To be charged with, or to contain much of, while flowing; as the rivers ran blood.
14. To conduct; to manage; to carry on; as to run a factory or a hotel. [Colloq. U.S.]
15. To tease with sarcasms and ridicule. [Colloq.]
16. To sew, as a seam, by passing the needle through material in a continuous line, generally taking a series of stitches on the needle at the same time.
17. To migrate or move in schools; — said of fish; esp., to ascend a river in order to spawn. To run a blockade, to get to, or away from, a blockaded port in safety. — To run down. (a) (Hunting) To chase till the object pursued is captured or exhausted; as to run down a stag. (b) (Naut.) To run against and sink, as a vessel. (c) To crush; to overthrow; to overbear. "Religion is run down by the license of these times." Berkeley. (d) To disparage; to traduce. F. W. Newman. — To run hard. (a) To press in competition; as to run one hard in a race. (b) To urge or press importunately. (c) To banter severely. - - To run into the ground, to carry to an absurd extreme; to overdo. [Slang, U.S.] — To run off, to cause to flow away, as a charge of molten metal from a furnace. — To run on (Print.), to carry on or continue, as the type for a new sentence, without making a break or commencing a new paragraph. — To run out. (a) To thrust or push out; to extend. (b) To waste; to exhaust; as to run out an estate. (c) (Baseball) To put out while running between two bases. — To runthe chances, or one’s chances, to encounter all the risks of a certain course. — To run through, to transfix; to pierce, as with a sword. "[He] was run through the body by the man who had asked his advice." Addison. — To run up. (a) To thrust up, as anything long and slender. (b) To increase; to enlarge by additions, as an account. (c) To erect hastily, as a building.

Run, n.
1. The act of running; as a long run; a good run; a quick run; to go on the run.
2. A small stream; a brook; a creek.
3. That which runs or flows in the course of a certain operation, or during a certain time; as a run of must in wine making; the first run of sap in a maple orchard.
4. A course; a series; that which continues in a certain course or series; as a run of good or bad luck.
"They who made their arrangements in the first run of misadventure … put a seal on their calamities." Burke.
5. State of being current; currency; popularity.
"It is impossible for detached papers to have a general run, or long continuance, if not diversified with humor." Addison.
6. Continued repetition on the stage; — said of a play; as to have a run of a hundred successive nights.
"A canting, mawkish play … had an immense run." Macaulay.
7. A continuing urgent demand; especially, a pressure on a bank or treasury for payment of its notes.
8. A range or extent of ground for feeding stock; as a sheep run. Howitt.
9. (Naut.) (a) The aftermost part of a vessel’s hull where it narrows toward the stern, under the quarter. (b) The distance sailed by a ship; as a good run; a run of fifty miles. (c) A voyage; as a run to China.
10. A pleasure excursion; a trip. [Colloq.]
"I think of giving her a run in London." Dickens.
11. (Mining) The horizontal distance to which a drift may be carried, either by license of the proprietor of a mine or by the nature of the formation; also the direction which a vein of ore or other substance takes.
12. (Mus.) A roulade, or series of running tones.
13. (Mil.) The greatest degree of swiftness in marching. It is executed upon the same principles as the double-quick, but with greater speed.
14. The act of migrating, or ascending a river to spawn; — said of fish; also an assemblage or school of fishes which migrate, or ascend a river for the purpose of spawning.
15. In baseball, a complete circuit of the bases made by a player, which enables him to score one; in cricket, a passing from one wicket to the other, by which one point is scored; as a player made three runs; the side went out with two hundred runs.
"The "runs" are made from wicket to wicket, the batsmen interchanging ends at each run." R. A. Proctor.
16. A pair or set of millstones. At the long run, now, commonly, In the long run, in or during the whole process or course of things taken together; in the final result; in the end; finally.
"[Man] starts the inferior of the brute animals, but he surpasses them in the long run." J. H. Newman. — Home run. (a) A running or returning toward home, or to the point from which the start was made. Cf. Home stretch. (b) (Baseball) See under Home. — The run, or The common run, etc., ordinary persons; the generality or average of people or things; also that which ordinarily occurs; ordinary current, course, or kind.
"I saw nothing else that is superior to the common run of parks." Walpole.
"Burns never dreamed of looking down on others as beneath him, merely because he was conscious of his own vast superiority to the common run of men." Prof. Wilson.
"His whole appearance was something out of the common run." W. Irving. — To let go by the run (Naut.), to loosen and let run freely, as lines; to let fall without restraint, as a sail.

Run, a.
1. Melted, or made from molten material; cast in a mold; as run butter; run iron or lead.
2. Smuggled; as run goods. [Colloq.] Miss Edgeworth. Run steel, malleable iron castings. See under Malleable. Raymond.

Run, n.
1. (Piquet, Cribbage, etc.) A number of cards of the same suit in sequence; as a run of four in hearts.
2. (Golf) (a) The movement communicated to a golf ball by running. (b) The distance a ball travels after touching the ground from a stroke.

Run, v. t. (Golf) To strike (the ball) in such a way as to cause it to run along the ground, as when approaching a hole.

Runagate
Run´a•gate, n. [F. renegat, Prov. renegat. LL. renegatus; confused with E. run and gate a way. See Renegade.] A fugitive; a vagabond; an apostate; a renegade. See Renegade. Bunyan.
"Wretched runagates from the jail." De Quincey.
"Who has not been a runagate from duty?" Hare.

Runaway
Run´a•way, n.
1. One who, or that which, flees from danger, duty, restraint, etc.; a fugitive.
"Thou runaway, thou coward, art thou fled?" Shak.
2. The act of running away, esp. of a horse or teams; as there was a runaway yesterday.

Runaway
Run´a•way, a.
1. Running away; fleeing from danger, duty, restraint, etc.; as runaway soldiers; a runaway horse.
2. Accomplished by running away or elopement, or during flight; as a runaway marriage.

Runcation
Run•ca´tion, n. [L. runcatio, fr. runcare to weed out.] A weeding. [Obs.] Evelyn.

Runch, n. (Bot.) The wild radish. Dr. Prior.

Runcinate
Run´ci•nate, a. [L. runcinatus, p. p. of runcinare to plane off, fr. runcina a plane.] (Bot.) Pinnately cut with the lobes pointing downwards, as the leaf of the dandelion.

Rundel
Run´del, n. [Cf. Rindle.] A moat with water in it; also a small stream; a runlet. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Rundel
Run´del, n. [Cf. Rundle.] A circle. [Prov. Eng.]

Rung, imp. & p. p. of Ring.

Rung, n. [OE. ronge, AS. hrung, a staff, rod, pole; akin to G. runge a short, thick piece of iron or wood, OD. ronghe a prop, support, Icel. röng a rib in a ship, Goth. Hrugga a staff.]
1. (Shipbuilding) A floor timber in a ship.
2. One of the rounds of a ladder.
3. One of the stakes of a cart; a spar; a heavy staff.
4. (Mach.) One of the radial handles projecting from the rim of a steering wheel; also one of the pins or trundles of a lantern wheel.

Runghead
Rung´head, n. (Shipbuilding) The upper end of a floor timber in a ship.

Runic
Ru´nic, a. Of or pertaining to a rune, to runes, or to the Norsemen; as runic verses; runic letters; runic names; runic rhyme. Runic staff. See Clog almanac, under Clog. — Runic wand, a willow wand bearing runes, formerly thought to have been used by the heathen tribes of Northern Europe in magical ceremonies.

Running load
Run"ning load. (Aëronautics) (a) The air pressure supported by each longitudinal foot segment of a wing. (b) Commonly, the whole weight of aëroplane and load divided by the span, or length from tip to tip.

Runningly
Run´ning•ly, adv. In a running manner.

Runnion
Run´nion, n. See Ronion.

Runround
Run´round, n. A felon or whitlow. [Colloq. U.S.]

Runt, n. [Written also rant.] [Scot. runt an old cow, an old, withered woman, a hardened stem or stalk, the trunk of a tree; cf. D. rund a bullock, an ox or cow, G. rind. Cf. Rother, a. ]
1. (Zoöl.) Any animal which is unusually small, as compared with others of its kind; — applied particularly to domestic animals.
2. (Zoöl.) A variety of domestic pigeon, related to the barb and carrier.
3. A dwarf; also a mean, despicable, boorish person; — used opprobriously.
"Before I buy a bargain of such runts, I’ll buy a college for bears, and live among ’em." Beau. & Fl.
4. The dead stump of a tree; also the stem of a plant. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
"Neither young poles nor old runts are durable." Holland.

Runway
Run´way, n.
1. The channel of a stream.
2. The beaten path made by deer or other animals in passing to and from their feeding grounds.

Rupee
Ru•pee´ (ru•pe"), n. [Hind. rupiyah, fr. Skr. rupya silver, coined silver or gold, handsome.] A silver coin, and money of account, in the East Indies. The valuation of the rupee of sixteen annas the standard coin of India, by the United States Treasury department, varies from time to time with the price of silver. In 1889 it was rated at about thirty-two cents.

Rupellary
Ru´pel•la•ry, n. [From L. rupes a rock.] Rocky. [Obs.] "This rupellary nidary." Evelyn. Ru"pert’s drop A kind of glass drop with a long tail, made by dropping melted glass into water. It is remarkable for bursting into fragments when the surface is scratched or the tail broken; — so called from Prince Rupert nephew of Charles I. by whom they were first brought to England. Called also Rupert’s ball and glass tear.

Rupia
Ru´pi•a, n. [NL., fr. G. filth, dirt.] (Med.) An eruption upon the skin, consisting of vesicles with inflamed base and filled with serous, purulent, or bloody fluid, which dries up, forming a blackish crust.

Rupial
Ru´pi•al, a. Of or pertaining to rupia.

Rupicola
Ru•pic´o•la, n. [NL., fr. L. rupes, gen. rupis, a rock + colere to inhabit.] (Zoöl.) A genus of beautiful South American passerine birds, including the cock of the rock. The species are remarkable for having an elevated fan-shaped crest of feathers on the head, and for the beautiful color of their plumage, which is mostly some delicate shade of yellow or orange.

Rupicoline
Ru•pic´o•line, a. (Zoöl.) Rock-inhabiting.

Ruption
Rup´tion, n. [L. ruptio, fr. rumpere, ruptum, to break.] A breaking or bursting open; breach; rupture. "By ruption or apertion." Wiseman.

Ruptuary
Rup´tu•a•ry ( 135), n. [Cf. Roturier.] One not of noble blood; a plebeian; a roturier. [R.]
"The exclusion of the French ruptuaries ("roturiers," for history must find a word for this class when it speaks of other nations) from the order of nobility." Chenevix.

Rupture
Rup´ture ( 135), n. [L. ruptura, fr. rumpere, ruptum to break: cf. F. rupture. See Reave, and cf. Rout a defeat.]
1. The act of breaking apart, or separating; the state of being broken asunder; as the rupture of the skin; the rupture of a vessel or fiber; the rupture of a lutestring. Arbuthnot.
"Hatch from the egg, that soon, Bursting with kindly rupture, forth disclosed Their callow young." Milton.
2. Breach of peace or concord between individuals; open hostility or war between nations; interruption of friendly relations; as the parties came to a rupture.
"He knew that policy would disincline Napoleon from a rupture with his family." E. Everett.
3. (Med.) Hernia. See Hernia.
4. A bursting open, as of a steam boiler, in a less sudden manner than by explosion. See Explosion. Modulus of rupture. (Engin.) See under Modulus.
Syn. — Fracture; breach; break; burst; disruption; dissolution. See Fracture.

Rupture
Rup´ture, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Ruptured p. pr. & vb. n. Rupturing.]
1. To part by violence; to break; to burst; as to rupture a blood vessel.
2. To produce a hernia in.

Rupture
Rup´ture, v. i. To suffer a breach or disruption.

Ruptured
Rup´tured ( 135), a. (Med.) Having a rupture, or hernia.

Rupturewort
Rup´ture•wort´ ( 135), n. (Bot.) (a) Same as Burstwort. (b) A West Indian plant ( Alternanthera polygonoides) somewhat resembling burstwort.

Ruralism
Ru´ral•ism, n.
1. The quality or state of being rural; ruralness.
2. A rural idiom or expression.

Ruralist
Ru´ral•ist, n. One who leads a rural life. Coventry.

Rurality
Ru•ral´i•ty, n. ; pl. - ties (#). [Cf. LL. ruralitas.]
1. The quality or state of being rural.
2. A rural place. "Leafy ruralities." Carlyle.

Ruralize
Ru´ral•ize, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Ruralized p. pr. & vb. n. Ruralizing ] To render rural; to give a rural appearance to.

Ruralize
Ru´ral•ize, v. i. To become rural; to go into the country; to rusticate.

Rurally
Ru´ral•ly, adv. In a rural manner; as in the country.

Ruralness
Ru´ral•ness, n. The quality or state of being rural.

Ruricolist
Ru•ric´o•list, n. [L. ruricola; rus, ruris, the country + colere to inhabit.] An inhabitant of the country. [R.] Bailey.

Ruridecanal
Ru•ri•dec´a•nal, a. [L. rus, ruris the country + decanus the chief of ten. See Dean.] Of or pertaining to a rural dean; as a ruridecanal district; the ruridecanal intellect. [R.]

Ruse, n. [F., fr. OF. reüser, rehuser, to turn aside, to shuffle, retreat, fr. L. recusare to refuse; pref. re- again + causa cause. See Cause, and cf. Recusant.] An artifice; trick; stratagem; wile; fraud; deceit. Ruse de guerre [F.], a stratagem of war.

Rush-bearing
Rush´-bear•ing, n. A kind of rural festival at the dedication of a church, when the parishioners brought rushes to strew the church. [Eng.] Nares.

Rushbuckler
Rush´buc•kler, n. A bullying and violent person; a braggart; a swashbuckler. [Obs.]
"That flock of stout, bragging rushbucklers." Robynson (More’s Utopia).

Rushed, a. Abounding or covered with rushes.

Rusher
Rush´er, n. One who rushes. Whitlock.

Rusher
Rush´er, n. One who strewed rushes on the floor at dances. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Rushiness
Rush´i•ness, n. [From Rushy.] The quality or state of abounding with rushes.

Rushlight
Rush´light, n. A rush candle, or its light; hence, a small, feeble light.

Rushlike
Rush´like, a. Resembling a rush; weak.

Rushy
Rush´y, a.
1. Abounding with rushes.
2. Made of rushes.
"My rushy couch and frugal fare." Goldsmith.

Rusine
Ru´sine, a. [NL. rusa, the name of the genus, Malay rusa deer.] (Zoöl.) Of, like, or pertaining to, a deer of the genus Rusa, which includes the sambur deer ( Rusa Aristotelis) of India. Rusine antler (Zoöl.), an antler with the brow tyne simple, and the beam forked at the tip.

Rusk, n. [Sp. rosca de mar sea rusks, a kind of biscuit, rosca properly meaning, a screw, spiral.]
1. A kind of light, soft bread made with yeast and eggs, often toasted or crisped in an oven; or, a kind of sweetened biscuit.
2. A kind of light, hard cake or bread, as for stores. Smart.
3. Bread or cake which has been made brown and crisp, and afterwards grated, or pulverized in a mortar.

Rusma
Rus´ma, n. [Corrupt. from Turk. khyryzma a paste used as a depilatory, fr. Gr. an unguent; cf. F. rusma.] A depilatory made of orpiment and quicklime, and used by the Turks. See Rhusma.

Russet
Rus´set, a. [F. rousset, dim. of roux red, L. russus (for rudtus, rudhtus), akin to E. red. See Red, and cf. Roussette.]
1. Of a reddish brown color, or (by some called) a red gray; of the color composed of blue, red, and yellow in equal strength, but unequal proportions, namely, two parts of red to one each of blue and yellow; also of a yellowish brown color.
"The morn, in russet mantle clad." Shak.
"Our summer such a russet livery wears." Dryden.
2. Coarse; homespun; rustic. [R.] Shak.

Russet
Rus´set, n.
1. A russet color; a pigment of a russet color.
2. Cloth or clothing of a russet color.
3. A country dress; — so called because often of a russet color. Dryden.
4. An apple, or a pear, of a russet color; as the English russet, and the Roxbury russet.

Russeting
Rus´set•ing, n. See Russet, n. , 2 and 4.

Russia
Rus´sia, n. A country of Europe and Asia. Russia iron, a kind of sheet iron made in Russia, having a lustrous blue-black surface. — Russia leather, a soft kind of leather, made originally in Russia but now elsewhere, having a peculiar odor from being impregnated with an oil obtained from birch bark. It is much used in bookbinding, on account of its not being subject to mold, and being proof against insects. — Russia matting, matting manufactured in Russia from the inner bark of the linden ( Tilia Europaea).

Russian
Rus´sian (? or 277), a. Of or pertaining to Russia, its inhabitants, or language. — n. A native or inhabitant of Russia; the language of Russia. Russian bath. See under Bath.

Russianize
Rus´sian•ize, v. t. To make Russian, or more or less like the Russians; as to Russianize the Poles.

Russification
Rus´si•fi•ca´tion, n. [ Russia + L. -ficare (in comp.) to make. See -fy.] The act or process of Russifying, or the state of being Russified.

Rust, n. [AS. rust; akin to D. roest, G. & Sw. rost, Icel. ryð; — named from its color, and akin to E. red. rad.113. See Red.]
1. (Chem.) The reddish yellow coating formed on iron when exposed to moist air, consisting of ferric oxide or hydroxide; hence, by extension, any metallic film of corrosion.
2. (Bot.) A minute mold or fungus forming reddish or rusty spots on the leaves and stems of cereal and other grasses ( Trichobasis Rubigo-vera), now usually believed to be a form or condition of the corn mildew ( Puccinia graminis). As rust, it has solitary reddish spores; as corn mildew, the spores are double and blackish. Rust is also applied to many other minute fungi which infest vegetation, such as the species of Ustilago, Uredo, and Lecythea.
3. That which resembles rust in appearance or effects. Specifically: (a) A composition used in making a rust joint. See Rust joint, below. (b) Foul matter arising from degeneration; as rust on salted meat. (c) Corrosive or injurious accretion or influence.
"Sacred truths cleared from all rust and dross of human mixtures." Eikon Basilike. Rust is used in the formation of compounds of obvious meaning; as rust-colored, rust-consumed, rust- eaten, and the like. Rust joint, a joint made between surfaces of iron by filling the space between them with a wet mixture of cast-iron borings, sal ammoniac, and sulphur, which by oxidation becomes hard, and impervious to steam, water, etc. — Rust mite (Zoöl.), a minute mite ( Phytopius oleivorus) which, by puncturing the rind, causes the rust-colored patches on oranges.

Rust, v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Rusted; p. pr. & vb. n. Rusting.] [AS. rustian.]
1. To contract rust; to be or become oxidized.
"If gold ruste, what shall iron do?" Chaucer.
"Our armors now may rust." Dryden.
2. To be affected with the parasitic fungus called rust; also to acquire a rusty appearance, as plants.
3. Fig.: To degenerate in idleness; to become dull or impaired by inaction.
"Must I rust in Egypt? never more Appear in arms, and be the chief of Greece?" Dryden.

Rust, v. t.
1. To cause to contract rust; to corrode with rust; to affect with rust of any kind.
"Keep up your bright swords, for the dew will rust them." Shak.
2. Fig.: To impair by time and inactivity. Johnson.

Rustful
Rust´ful, a. Full of rust; resembling rust; causing rust; rusty. "Rustful sloth." Quarles.

Rustic
Rus´tic, a. [L. rusticus, fr. rus, ruris, the country: cf. F. rustique. See Rural.]
1. Of or pertaining to the country; rural; as the rustic gods of antiquity. "Rustic lays." Milton.
"And many a holy text around she strews, That teach the rustic moralist to die." Gray.
"She had a rustic, woodland air." Wordsworth.
2. Rude; awkward; rough; unpolished; as rustic manners. "A rustic muse." Spenser.
3. Coarse; plain; simple; as a rustic entertainment; rustic dress.
4. Simple; artless; unadorned; unaffected. Pope. Rustic moth (Zoöl.), any moth belonging to Agrotis and allied genera. Their larvae are called cutworms. See Cutworm. — Rustic work. (a) (Arch.) Cut stone facing which has the joints worked with grooves or channels, the face of each block projecting beyond the joint, so that the joints are very conspicuous. (b) (Arch. & Woodwork) Summer houses, or furniture for summer houses, etc., made of rough limbs of trees fancifully arranged.
Syn. — Rural; rude; unpolished; inelegant; untaught; awkward; rough; coarse; plain; unadorned; simple; artless; honest. See Rural.

Rustic
Rus´tic, n.
1. An inhabitant of the country, especially one who is rude, coarse, or dull; a clown.
"Hence to your fields, you rustics! hence, away." Pope.
2. A rural person having a natural simplicity of character or manners; an artless, unaffected person. [Poetic]

Rustical
Rus•tic•al, a. Rustic. "Rustical society." Thackeray. — Rus´tic•al•ly, adv. — Rus´tic•al•ness, n.

Rusticate
Rus´ti•cate, v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Rusticated p. pr. & vb. n. Rusticating.] [L. rusticaticus, p. p. of rusticari to rusticate. See Rustic.] To go into or reside in the country; to ruralize. Pope.

Rusticate
Rus´ti•cate, v. t. To require or compel to reside in the country; to banish or send away temporarily; to impose rustication on.
"The town is again beginning to be full, and the rusticated beauty sees an end of her banishment." Idler.

Rusticated
Rus´ti•ca•ted, a. (Arch.) Resembling rustic work. See Rustic work (a), under Rustic.

Rusticity
Rus•tic´ity, n. [L. rusticitas: cf. F. rusticite.] The quality or state of being rustic; rustic manners; rudeness; simplicity; artlessness.
"The sweetness and rusticity of a pastoral can not be so well expressed in any other tongue as in the Greek, when rightly mixed and qualified with the Doric dialect." Addison.
"The Saxons were refined from their rusticity." Sir W. Scott.

Rusticly
Rus´tic•ly, adv. In a rustic manner; rustically. Chapman.

Rustily
Rust´i•ly, adv. In a rusty state.

Rustiness
Rust´i•ness, n. The quality or state of being rusty.

Rustle
Rus´tle, v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Rustled p. pr. & vb. n. Rustling ] [AS. hristlan to rustle; or cf. Sw. rusta to stir, make a riot, or E. rush, v.]
1. To make a quick succession of small sounds, like the rubbing or moving of silk cloth or dry leaves.
"He is coming; I hear his straw rustle." Shak.
"Prouder than rustling in unpaid-for silk." Shak.
2. To stir about energetically; to strive to succeed; to bustle about. [Slang, Western U.S.]

Rustle
Rus´tle, v. t. To cause to rustle; as the wind rustles the leaves.

Rustle
Rus´tle, n. A quick succession or confusion of small sounds, like those made by shaking leaves or straw, by rubbing silk, or the like; a rustling.
"When the noise of a torrent, the rustle of a wood, the song of birds, or the play of lambs, had power to fill the attention, and suspend all perception of the course of time." Idler.

Rustler
Rus´tler, n.
1. One who, or that which, rustles.
2. A bovine animal that can care for itself in any circumstances; also an alert, energetic, driving person. [Slang, Western U.S.]

Rustless
Rust´less, a. Free from rust.

Rusty
Rust´y, a. [AS. rustig.] [ Compar. Rustier ; superl. Rustiest.]
1. Covered or affected with rust; as a rusty knife or sword; rusty wheat.
2. Impaired by inaction, disuse, or neglect.
"[Hector,] in this dull and long-continued truce, Is rusty grown." Shak.
3. Discolored and rancid; reasty; as rusty bacon.
4. Surly; morose; crusty; sullen. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] "Rusty words." Piers Plowman.
5. Rust-colored; dark. "Rusty blood." Spenser.
6. Discolored; stained; not cleanly kept; filthy.
"The rusty little schooners that bring firewood from the British provinces." Hawthorne.
7. (Bot.) Resembling, or covered with a substance resembling, rust; affected with rust; rubiginous.

Ruta-baga
Ru•ta-ba´ga, n. (Bot.) A kind of turnip commonly with a large and long or ovoid yellowish root; a Swedish turnip. See Turnip.

Ruth (ruth), n. [From Rue, v. : cf. Icel. hryggð, hrygð.]
1. Sorrow for the misery of another; pity; tenderness. [Poetic] "They weep for ruth." Chaucer. "Have ruth of the poor." Piers Plowman.
"To stir up gentle ruth, Both for her noble blood, and for her tender youth." Spenser.
2. That which causes pity or compassion; misery; distress; a pitiful sight. [Obs.]
"It had been hard this ruth for to see." Chaucer.
"With wretched miseries and woeful ruth." Spenser.

Ruthenious
Ru•the´ni•ous, a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or containing, ruthenium; specifically, designating those compounds in which it has a lower valence as contrasted with ruthenic compounds.

Ruthenium
Ru•the´ni•um, n. [NL. So named from the Ruthenians, a Little Russian people, as coming from Russia, the metal having been found in the Ural mountains.] (Chem.) A rare element of the light platinum group, found associated with platinum ores, and isolated as a hard, brittle steel-gray metal which is very infusible. Symbol Ru. Atomic weight 103.5. Specific gravity 12.26. See Platinum metals, under Platinum.

Ruthless
Ruth´less, a. Having no ruth; cruel; pitiless.
"Their rage the hostile bands restrain, All but the ruthless monarch of the main." Pope. — Ruth´less•ly, adv. — Ruth´less•ness, n.

Rutic
Ru´tic (ru"tik), a. [Cf. Rutaceous.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or obtained from, rue ( Ruta); as rutic acid, now commonly called capric acid.

Rutilate
Ru´ti•late, v. i. [L. rutilare, rutilatum.] To shine; to emit rays of light. [Obs.] Ure.

Rutile
Ru´tile (ru"til), n. [L. rutilus red, inclining to golden yellow.] (Min.) A mineral usually of a reddish brown color, and brilliant metallic adamantine luster, occurring in tetragonal crystals. In composition it is titanium dioxide, like octahedrite and brookite.

Rutilian
Ru•til´i•an (ru•til"i• an), n. (Zoöl.) Any species of lamellicorn beetles belonging to Rutila and allied genera, as the spotted grapevine beetle ( Pelidnota punctata).

Rutin
Ru´tin (ru"tin), n. (Chem.) A glucoside resembling, but distinct from, quercitrin. Rutin is found in the leaves of the rue ( Ruta graveolens) and other plants, and obtained as a bitter yellow crystalline substance which yields quercitin on decomposition.

Rutter
Rut´ter (rut"ter), n. [D. ruiter a rider. Cf. Ruttier.] A horseman or trooper. [Obs.]
"Such a regiment of rutters Never defied men braver." Beau. & Fl.

Rutter
Rut´ter, n. [From Rut.] That which ruts.

Ruttier
Rut´ti•er, n. [F. routier, fr. route a road. See Route.] A chart of a course, esp. at sea. [Obs.]

Ruttle
Rut´tle, n. A rattling sound in the throat arising from difficulty of breathing; a rattle. [Obs.]

Rutty
Rut´ty, a. Ruttish; lustful.

Rutty
Rut´ty, a. Full of ruts; as a rutty road.

Rutty
Rut´ty, a. [See Root.] Rooty. [Obs.] Spenser.