Rib, n. [AS. rib, ribb; akin to D. rib, G. rippe, OHG. rippa, rippi, Dan. ribbe, Icel. rif, Russ. rebro.]
1. (Anat.) One of the curved bones attached to the vertebral column and supporting the lateral walls of the thorax. In man there are twelve ribs on each side, of which the upper seven are directly connected with the sternum by cartilages, and are called sternal, or true, ribs. The remaining five pairs are called asternal, or false, ribs, and of these each of the three upper pairs is attached to the cartilage of the rib above, while the two lower pairs are free at the ventral ends, and are called floating ribs. See Thorax.
2. That which resembles a rib in form or use. Specifically: (a) (Shipbuilding) One of the timbers, or bars of iron or steel, that branch outward and upward from the keel, to support the skin or planking, and give shape and strength to the vessel. (b) (Mach. & Structures) A ridge, fin, or wing, as on a plate, cylinder, beam, etc., to strengthen or stiffen it. (c) One of the rods on which the cover of an umbrella is extended. (d) A prominent line or ridge, as in cloth. (e) A longitudinal strip of metal uniting the barrels of a double-barreled gun.
3. (Bot.) The chief nerve, or one of the chief nerves, of a leaf. (b) Any longitudinal ridge in a plant.
4. (Arch.) (a) In Gothic vaulting, one of the primary members of the vault. These are strong arches, meeting and crossing one another, dividing the whole space into triangles, which are then filled by vaulted construction of lighter material. Hence, an imitation of one of these in wood, plaster, or the like. (b) A projecting mold, or group of moldings, forming with others a pattern, as on a ceiling, ornamental door, or the like.
5. (Mining) (a) Solid coal on the side of a gallery; solid ore in a vein. (b) An elongated pillar of ore or coal left as a support. Raymond.
6. A wife; — in allusion to Eve, as made out of Adam’s rib. [Familiar & Sportive]
"How many have we known whose heads have been broken with their own rib." Bp. Hall.Chuck rib, a cut of beef immediately in front of the middle rib. See Chuck. — Fore ribs, a cut of beef immediately in front of the sirloin. — Middle rib, a cut of beef between the chuck rib and the fore ribs. — Rib grass. (Bot.) Same as Ribwort.

Rib, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Ribbed p. pr. & vb. n. Ribbing.]
1. To furnish with ribs; to form with rising lines and channels; as to rib cloth.
2. To inclose, as with ribs, and protect; to shut in.
"It [lead] were too gross To rib her cerecloth in the obscure grave." Shak. To rib land, to leave strips of undisturbed ground between the furrows in plowing.

Ribaldish
Rib´ald•ish, a. Like a ribald. Bp. Hall.

Ribaldrous
Rib´ald•rous, a. Of a ribald quality. [R.]

Ribaldry
Rib´ald•ry, n. [OE. ribaldrie, ribaudrie, OF. ribalderie, ribauderie.] The talk of a ribald; low, vulgar language; indecency; obscenity; lewdness; — now chiefly applied to indecent language, but formerly, as by Chaucer, also to indecent acts or conduct.
"The ribaldry of his conversation moved stonishment even in that age." Macaulay.

Riban
Rib´an, n. See Ribbon. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.

Ribaud
Rib´aud, n. A ribald. [Obs.] P. Plowman.

Ribaudequin
Ri•bau´de•quin, n. [F.]
1. An engine of war used in the Middle Ages, consisting of a protected elevated staging on wheels, and armed in front with pikes. It was (after the 14th century) furnished with small cannon.
2. A huge bow fixed on the wall of a fortified town for casting javelins. { Rib´aud•red, Rib´aud•rous } a. Filthy; obscene; ribald. [Obs.]

Ribaudry
Rib´aud•ry, n. Ribaldry. [Obs.] Spenser.

Ribaudy
Rib´aud•y, n. Ribaldry. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Ribauld
Rib´auld, n. A ribald. [Obs.] Spenser.

Ribband
Rib´band, n. A ribbon. Pope.

Ribband
Rib´band, n. [ Rib + band.] [Written also riband, and ribbon.] (Shipbuilding) A long, narrow strip of timber bent and bolted longitudinally to the ribs of a vessel, to hold them in position, and give rigidity to the framework. Rib-band lines, oblique longitudinal sections of the hull of a vessel. Knight.

Ribbed, a.
1. Furnished or formed with ribs; as a ribbed cylinder; ribbed cloth.
2. (Mining) Intercalated with slate; — said of a seam of coal. Raymond.

Ribbing
Rib´bing, n. An assemblage or arrangement of ribs, as the timberwork for the support of an arch or coved ceiling, the veins in the leaves of some plants, ridges in the fabric of cloth, or the like.

Ribbon
Rib´bon, n. [OE. riban, OF. riban, F. ruban, probably of German origin; cf. D. ringband collar, necklace, E. ring circle, and band.] [Written also riband, ribband.]
1. A fillet or narrow woven fabric, commonly of silk, used for trimming some part of a woman’s attire, for badges, and other decorative purposes.
2. A narrow strip or shred; as a steel or magnesium ribbon; sails torn to ribbons.
3. (Shipbuilding) Same as Rib- band.
4. pl. Driving reins. [Cant] London Athenaeum.
5. (Her.) A bearing similar to the bend, but only one eighth as wide.
6. (Spinning) A silver. The blue ribbon, and The red ribbon, are phrases often used to designate the British orders of the Garter and of the Bath, respectively, the badges of which are suspended by ribbons of these colors. See Blue ribbon, under Blue. Ribbon fish. (Zoöl.) (a) Any elongated, compressed, ribbon-shaped marine fish of the family Trachypteridae, especially the species of the genus Trachypterus, and the oarfish ( Regelecus Banksii) of the North Atlantic, which is sometimes over twenty feet long. (b) The hairtail, or bladefish. (c) A small compressed marine fish of the genus Cepola, having a long, slender, tapering tail. The European species ( C. rubescens) is light red throughout. Called also band fish. — Ribbon grass (Bot.), a variety of reed canary grass having the leaves stripped with green and white; — called also Lady’s garters. See Reed grass, under Reed. — Ribbon seal (Zoöl.), a North Pacific seal ( Histriophoca fasciata). The adult male is dark brown, conspicuously banded and striped with yellowish white. — Ribbon snake (Zoöl.), a common North American snake ( Eutainia saurita). It is conspicuously striped with bright yellow and dark brown. — Ribbon Society, a society in Ireland, founded in the early part of the 19th century in antagonism to the Orangemen. It afterwards became an organization of tennant farmers banded together to prevent eviction by landlords. It took its name from the green ribbon worn by members as a badge. — Ribborn worm. (Zoöl.) (a) A tapeworm. (b) A nemertean.

Ribbon
Rib´bon, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Ribboned p. pr. & vb. n. Ribboning.] To adorn with, or as with, ribbons; to mark with stripes resembling ribbons.

Ribes
Ri´bes, n. [NL.; cf. Dan. ribs, and Ar. ribas a plant with an acid juice.] (Bot.) A genus of shrubs including gooseberries and currants of many kinds.

Ribibe
Rib´ibe, n. [See Rebec.]
1. A sort of stringed instrument; a rebec. [Obs.] Nares.
2. An old woman; — in contempt. [Obs.] Chaucer.
3. A bawd; a prostitute. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Ribroast
Rib´roast, v. t. To beat soundly. [Slang]

Ribwort
Rib´wort, n. (Bot.) A species of plantain ( Plantago lanceolata) with long, narrow, ribbed leaves; — called also rib grass, ripple grass, ribwort plantain.

Rice, n. [F. riz (cf. Pr. ris, It. riso), L. oryza, Gr.,, probably from the Persian; cf. OPers. brizi, akin to Skr. vrihi; or perh. akin to E. rye. Cf. Rye.] (Bot.) A well-known cereal grass ( Oryza sativa) and its seed. This plant is extensively cultivated in warm climates, and the grain forms a large portion of the food of the inhabitants. In America it grows chiefly on low, moist land, which can be overflowed. Ant rice. (Bot.) See under Ant. — French rice. (Bot.) See Amelcorn. — Indian rice., a tall reedlike water grass ( Zizania aquatica), bearing panicles of a long, slender grain, much used for food by North American Indians. It is common in shallow water in the Northern States. Called also water oat, Canadian wild rice, etc. — Mountain rice, any species of an American genus ( Oryzopsis) of grasses, somewhat resembling rice. — Rice bunting. (Zoöl.) Same as Ricebird. — Rice hen (Zoöl.), the Florida gallinule. — Rice mouse (Zoöl.), a large dark-colored field mouse ( Calomys palistris) of the Southern United States. - - Rice paper, a kind of thin, delicate paper, brought from China, — used for painting upon, and for the manufacture of fancy articles. It is made by cutting the pith of a large herb ( Fatsia papyrifera, related to the ginseng) into one roll or sheet, which is flattened out under pressure. Called also pith paper. — Rice troupial (Zoöl.), the bobolink. — Rice water, a drink for invalids made by boiling a small quantity of rice in water. — Rice-water discharge (Med.), a liquid, resembling rice water in appearance, which is vomited, and discharged from the bowels, in cholera. — Rice weevil (Zoöl.), a small beetle ( Calandra, or Sitophilus, oryzae) which destroys rice, wheat, and Indian corn by eating out the interior; — called also black weevil.

Rice-shell
Rice´-shell, n. (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of small white polished marine shells of the genus Olivella.

Rich, (rich), a. [ Compar. Richer ; superl. Richest.] [OE. riche, AS. rice rich, powerful; akin to OS. riki, D. rijk, G. reich, OHG. rihhi, Icel. rikr, Sw. rik, Dan. rig, Goth. reiks; from a word meaning, ruler, king, probably borrowed from Celtic, and akin to L. rex, regis, king, regere to guide, rule. rad.283. See Right, and cf. Derrick, Enrich, Rajah, Riches, Royal.]
1. Having an abundance of material possessions; possessed of a large amount of property; well supplied with land, goods, or money; wealthy; opulent; affluent; — opposed to poor. "Rich merchants." Chaucer.
"The rich [person] hath many friends." Prov. xiv. 20.
"As a thief, bent to unhoard the cash Of some rich burgher." Milton.
2. Hence, in general, well supplied; abounding; abundant; copious; bountiful; as a rich treasury; a rich entertainment; a rich crop.
"If life be short, it shall be glorious; Each minute shall be rich in some great action." Rowe.
"The gorgeous East with richest hand Showers on her kings barbaric pearl and gold." Milton.
3. Yielding large returns; productive or fertile; fruitful; as rich soil or land; a rich mine.
4. Composed of valuable or costly materials or ingredients; procured at great outlay; highly valued; precious; sumptuous; costly; as a rich dress; rich silk or fur; rich presents.
"Like to rich and various gems." Milton.
5. Abounding in agreeable or nutritive qualities; — especially applied to articles of food or drink which are high-seasoned or abound in oleaginous ingredients, or are sweet, luscious, and high-flavored; as a rich dish; rich cream or soup; rich pastry; rich wine or fruit.
"Sauces and rich spices are fetched from India." Baker.
6. Not faint or delicate; vivid; as a rich color.
7. Full of sweet and harmonius sounds; as a rich voice; rich music.
8. Abounding in beauty; gorgeous; as a rich landscape; rich scenery.
9. Abounding in humor; exciting amusement; entertaining; as the scene was a rich one; a rich incident or character. [Colloq.] Thackeray. Rich is sometimes used in the formation of self- explaining compounds; as rich-fleeced, rich-jeweled, rich-laden, rich-stained.
Syn. — Wealthy; affluent; opulent; ample; copious; abundant; plentiful; fruitful; costly; sumptuous; precious; generous; luscious.

Rich, v. t. To enrich. [Obs.] Gower.

Riches
Rich´es, n. pl. [OE. richesse, F. richesse, from riche rich, of German origin. See Rich, a. ]
1. That which makes one rich; an abundance of land, goods, money, or other property; wealth; opulence; affluence.
"Riches do not consist in having more gold and silver, but in having more in proportion, than our neighbors." Locke.
2. That which appears rich, sumptuous, precious, or the like.
"The riche of heaven’s pavement, trodden gold." Milton. Richesse, the older form of this word, was in the singular number. The form riches, however, is plural in appearance, and has now come to be used as a plural.
"Against the richesses of this world shall they have misease of poverty." Chaucer.
"In one hour so great riches is come to nought." Rev. xviii. 17.
"And for that riches where is my deserving?" Shak.
Syn. — Wealth; opulence; affluence; wealthiness; richness; plenty; abundance.

Richness
Rich´ness, n. The quality or state of being rich (in any sense of the adjective).

Richweed
Rich´weed, n. (Bot.) An herb ( Pilea pumila) of the Nettle family, having a smooth, juicy, pellucid stem; — called also clearweed.

Ricinelaidic
Ric•in•e•la•id´ic, a. [ Ricinoleic + elaidic.] Pertaining to, or designating, an isomeric modification of ricinoleic acid obtained as a white crystalline solid.

Ricinelaidin
Ric•in•e•la´i•din, n. (Chem.) The glycerin salt of ricinelaidic acid, obtained as a white crystalline waxy substance by treating castor oil with nitrous acid.

Ricinic
Ri•cin´ic, a. [L. ricinus castor-oil plant.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, castor oil; formerly, designating an acid now called ricinoleic acid.

Ricinine
Ric´i•nine, n. [L. ricinus castor-oil plant.] (Chem.) A bitter white crystalline alkaloid extracted from the seeds of the castor-oil plant.

Ricinoleate
Ric•in•o´le•ate, n. (Chem.) A salt of ricinoleic acid; — formerly called palmate.

Ricinoleic
Ric•in•o´le•ic, a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, a fatty acid analogous to oleic acid, obtained from castor oil as an oily substance, CHO with a harsh taste. Formerly written ricinolic.

Ricinolein
Ric•in•o´le•in, n. [L. ricinus castor-oil plant + oleum oil.] (Chem.) The glycerin salt of ricinoleic acid, occuring as a characteristic constituent of castor oil; — formerly called palmin.

Ricinolic
Ric•i•nol´ic, a. (Chem.) Ricinoleic.

Ricinus
Ric´i•nus, n. [L., the castor- oil plant.] (Bot.) A genus of plants of the Spurge family, containing but one species ( R. communis), the castor-oil plant. The fruit is three-celled, and contains three large seeds from which castor oil iss expressed. See Palma Christi.

Ricker
Rick´er, n. A stout pole for use in making a rick, or for a spar to a boat.

Ricketish
Rick´et•ish, a. Rickety. [Obs.] Fuller.

Rickets
Rick´ets, n. pl. [Of uncertain origin; but cf. AS. wrigian to bend, D. wrikken to shake, E. wriggle.] (Med.) A disease which affects children, and which is characterized by a bulky head, crooked spine and limbs, depressed ribs, enlarged and spongy articular epiphyses, tumid abdomen, and short stature, together with clear and often premature mental faculties. The essential cause of the disease appears to be the nondeposition of earthy salts in the osteoid tissues. Children afflicted with this malady stand and walk unsteadily. Called also rachitis.

Rickety
Rick´et•y, a.
1. Affected with rickets.
2. Feeble in the joints; imperfect; weak; shaky.

Rickrack
Rick´rack, n. A kind of openwork edging made of serpentine braid.

Rickstand
Rick´stand, n. A flooring or framework on which a rick is made.

Ricochet
Ric•o•chet´, n. [F.] A rebound or skipping, as of a ball along the ground when a gun is fired at a low angle of elevation, or of a fiat stone thrown along the surface of water. Ricochet firing (Mil.), the firing of guns or howitzers, usually with small charges, at an elevation of only a few degrees, so as to cause the balls or shells to bound or skip along the ground.

Ricochet
Ric•o•chet´, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Ricochetted; p. pr. & vb. n. Ricochetting.] To operate upon by ricochet firing. See Ricochet, n. [R.]

Ricochet
Ric•o•chet´, v. i. To skip with a rebound or rebounds, as a flat stone on the surface of water, or a cannon ball on the ground. See Ricochet, n.

Ricture
Ric´ture, n. [L. ringi, rictus, to open wide the mouth, to gape.] A gaping. [Obs.]

Rictus
Ric´tus, n. [L., the aperture of the mouth.] The gape of the mouth, as of birds; — often resricted to the corners of the mouth.

Rid, imp. & p. p. of Ride, v. i. [Archaic]
"He rid to the end of the village, where he alighted." Thackeray.

Rid, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Rid or Ridded; p. pr. & vb. n. Ridding.] [OE. ridden, redden, AS. hreddan to deliver, liberate; akin to D. & LG. redden, G. retten, Dan. redde, Sw. rädda, and perhaps to Skr. rath to loosen.]
1. To save; to rescue; to deliver; — with out of. [Obs.]
"Deliver the poor and needy; rid them out of the hand of the wicked." Ps. lxxxii. 4.
2. To free; to clear; to disencumber; — followed by of. "Rid all the sea of pirates." Shak.
"In never ridded myself of an overmastering and brooding sense of some great calamity traveling toward me." De Quincey.
3. To drive away; to remove by effort or violence; to make away with; to destroy. [Obs.]
"I will red evil beasts out of the land." Lev. xxvi. 6.
"Death’s men, you have rid this sweet young prince!" Shak.
4. To get over; to dispose of; to dispatch; to finish. [R.] "Willingness rids way." Shak.
"Mirth will make us rid ground faster than if thieves were at our tails." J. Webster.To be rid of, to be free or delivered from. — To get rid of, to get deliverance from; to free one’s self from.

Riddance
Rid´dance, n.
1. The act of ridding or freeing; deliverance; a cleaning up or out.
"Thou shalt not make clean riddance of the corners of thy field." Lev. xxiii. 22.
2. The state of being rid or free; freedom; escape. "Riddance from all adversity." Hooker.

Ridden
Rid´den, p. p. of Ride.

Riddle
Rid´dle, n. [OE. ridil, AS. hridder; akin to G. reiter, L. cribrum, and to Gr. to distinguish, separate, and G. rein clean. See Crisis, Certain.]
1. A sieve with coarse meshes, usually of wire, for separating coarser materials from finer, as chaff from grain, cinders from ashes, or gravel from sand.
2. A board having a row of pins, set zigzag, between which wire is drawn to straighten it.

Riddle
Rid´dle, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Riddled p. pr. & vb. n. Riddling ]
1. To separate, as grain from the chaff, with a riddle; to pass through a riddle; as riddle wheat; to riddle coal or gravel.
2. To perforate so as to make like a riddle; to make many holes in; as a house riddled with shot.

Riddle
Rid´dle, n. [For riddels, s being misunderstood as the plural ending; OE. ridels, redels. AS. rdels; akin to D. raadsel, G. räthsel; fr. AS. rdan to counsel or advise, also to guess. rad.116. Cf. Read.] Something proposed to be solved by guessing or conjecture; a puzzling question; an ambiguous proposition; an enigma; hence, anything ambiguous or puzzling.
"To wring from me, and tell to them, my secret, That solved the riddle which I had proposed." Milton.
"’T was a strange riddle of a lady." Hudibras.

Riddle
Rid´dle, v. t. To explain; to solve; to unriddle.
"Riddle me this, and guess him if you can." Dryden.

Riddle
Rid´dle, v. i. To speak ambiguously or enigmatically. "Lysander riddels very prettily." Shak.

Riddler
Rid´dler, n. One who riddles (grain, sand, etc.).

Riddler
Rid´dler, n. One who speaks in, or propounds, riddles.

Riddling
Rid´dling, a. Speaking in a riddle or riddles; containing a riddle. "Riddling triplets." Tennyson. — Rid´dling, adv.

Ride (rid), v. i. [ imp. Rode (rod) (Rid [rid], archaic); p. p. Ridden (Rid, archaic); p. pr. & vb. n. Riding .] [AS. ridan; akin to LG. riden, D. rijden, G. reiten, OHG. ritan, Icel. riða, Sw. rida, Dan. ride; cf. L. raeda a carriage, which is from a Celtic word. Cf. Road.]
1. To be carried on the back of an animal, as a horse.
"To-morrow, when ye riden by the way." Chaucer.
"Let your master ride on before, and do you gallop after him." Swift.
2. To be borne in a carriage; as to ride in a coach, in a car, and the like. See Synonym, below.
"The richest inhabitants exhibited their wealth, not by riding in gilden carriages, but by walking the streets with trains of servants." Macaulay.
3. To be borne or in a fluid; to float; to lie.
"Men once walked where ships at anchor ride." Dryden.
4. To be supported in motion; to rest.
"Strong as the exletree On which heaven rides." Shak.
"On whose foolish honesty My practices ride easy!" Shak.
5. To manage a horse, as an equestrian.
"He rode, he fenced, he moved with graceful ease." Dryden.
6. To support a rider, as a horse; to move under the saddle; as a horse rides easy or hard, slow or fast. To ride easy (Naut.), to lie at anchor without violent pitching or straining at the cables. — To ride hard (Naut.), to pitch violently. — To ride out. (a) To go upon a military expedition. [Obs.] Chaucer. (b) To ride in the open air. [Colloq.] — To ride to hounds, to ride behind, and near to, the hounds in hunting.
Syn. — Drive. — Ride, Drive. Ride originally meant (and is so used throughout the English Bible) to be carried on horseback or in a vehicle of any kind. At present in England, drive is the word applied in most cases to progress in a carriage; as a drive around the park, etc.; while ride is appropriated to progress on a horse. Johnson seems to sanction this distinction by giving "to travel on horseback" as the leading sense of ride; though he adds "to travel in a vehicle" as a secondary sense. This latter use of the word still occurs to some extent; as the queen rides to Parliament in her coach of state; to ride in an omnibus.
""Will you ride over or drive?" said Lord Willowby to his quest, after breakfast that morning." W. Black.

Ride, v. t.
1. To sit on, so as to be carried; as to ride a horse; to ride a bicycle.
"[They] rend up both rocks and hills, and ride the air In whirlwind." Milton.
2. To manage insolently at will; to domineer over.
"The nobility could no longer endure to be ridden by bakers, cobblers, and brewers." Swift.
3. To convey, as by riding; to make or do by riding.
"Tue only men that safe can ride Mine errands on the Scottish side." Sir W. Scott.
4. (Surg.) To overlap (each other); — said of bones or fractured fragments. To ride a hobby, to have some favorite occupation or subject of talk. — To ride and tie, to take turn with another in labor and rest; — from the expedient adopted by two persons with one horse, one of whom rides the animal a certain distance, and then ties him for the use of the other, who is coming up on foot. Fielding. — To ride down. (a) To ride over; to trample down in riding; to overthrow by riding against; as to ride down an enemy. (b) (Naut.) To bear down, as on a halyard when hoisting a sail. — To ride out (Naut.), to keep safe afloat during (a storm) while riding at anchor or when hove to on the open sea; as to ride out the gale.

Ride, n.
1. The act of riding; an excursion on horseback or in a vehicle.
2. A saddle horse. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.
3. A road or avenue cut in a wood, or through grounds, to be used as a place for riding; a riding.

Rideau
Ri•deau´ (re•do"), n. [F.] A small mound of earth; ground slightly elevated; a small ridge.

Riden
Rid´en (rid"’n), obs. imp. pl. & p. p. of Ride. Chaucer.

Rider
Rid´er (rid"er), n.
1. One who, or that which, rides.
2. Formerly, an agent who went out with samples of goods to obtain orders; a commercial traveler. [Eng.]
3. One who breaks or manages a horse. Shak.
4. An addition or amendment to a manuscript or other document, which is attached on a separate piece of paper; in legislative practice, an additional clause annexed to a bill while in course of passage; something extra or burdensome that is imposed.
"After the third reading, a foolish man stood up to propose a rider." Macaulay.
"This [question] was a rider which Mab found difficult to answer." A. S. Hardy.
5. (Math.) A problem of more than usual difficulty added to another on an examination paper.
6. [D. rijder.] A Dutch gold coin having the figure of a man on horseback stamped upon it.
"His moldy money ! half a dozen riders." J. Fletcher.
7. (Mining) Rock material in a vein of ore, dividing it.
8. (Shipbuilding) An interior rib occasionally fixed in a ship’s hold, reaching from the keelson to the beams of the lower deck, to strengthen her frame. Totten.
9. (Naut.) The second tier of casks in a vessel’s hold.
10. A small forked weight which straddles the beam of a balance, along which it can be moved in the manner of the weight on a steelyard.
11. A robber. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Drummond. Rider’s bone (Med.), a bony deposit in the muscles of the upper and inner part of the thigh, due to the pressure and irritation caused by the saddle in riding.

Riderless
Rid´er•less, a. Having no rider; as a riderless horse. H. Kingsley.

Ridge, n. [OE. rigge the back, AS. hrycg; akin to D. rug, G. rÜcken, OHG. rucki, hrukki, Icel. hryggr, Sw. rugg, Dan. ryg. rad.16.]
1. The back, or top of the back; a crest. Hudibras.
2. A range of hills or mountains, or the upper part of such a range; any extended elevation between valleys. "The frozen ridges of the Alps." Shak.
"Part rise crystal wall, or ridge direct." Milton.
3. A raised line or strip, as of ground thrown up by a plow or left between furrows or ditches, or as on the surface of metal, cloth, or bone, etc.
4. (Arch.) The intersection of two surface forming a salient angle, especially the angle at the top between the opposite slopes or sides of a roof or a vault.
5. (Fort.) The highest portion of the glacis proceeding from the salient angle of the covered way. Stocqueler.

Ridge, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Ridged p. pr. & vb. n. Ridging.]
1. To form a ridge of; to furnish with a ridge or ridges; to make into a ridge or ridges.
"Bristles ranged like those that ridge the back Of chafed wild boars." Milton.
2. To form into ridges with the plow, as land.
3. To wrinkle. "With a forehead ridged." Cowper.

Ridgebone
Ridge´bone, n. The backbone. [Obs.]
"Blood … lying cluttered about the ridgebone." Holland.

Ridgel
Ridg´el, n. (Zoöl.) Same as Ridgelling.

Ridgeling
Ridge´ling, n. [Prov. E. riggilt, riggot, ananimal half castrated, a sheep having only one testicle; cf. Prov. G. rigel, rig, a barrow hog, rigler a cock half castrated.] (Zoöl.) A half-castrated male animal. { Ridge´piece•, Ridge´plate• } n. See Ridgepole.

Ridgerope
Ridge´rope, n. (Naut.) See Life line (a), under Life.

Ridgy
Ridg´y, a. Having a ridge or ridges; rising in a ridge. "Lifted on a ridgy wave." Pope.

Ridicle
Rid´i•cle, n. Ridicule. [Obs.] Foxe.

Ridicule
Rid´i•cule, n. [F. ridicule, L. ridiculum a jest, fr. ridiculus. See Ridiculous.]
1. An object of sport or laughter; a laughingstock; a laughing matter.
"[Marlborough] was so miserably ignorant, that his deficiencies made him the ridicule of his contemporaries." Buckle.
"To the people … but a trifle, to the king but a ridicule." Foxe.
2. Remarks concerning a subject or a person designed to excite laughter with a degree of contempt; wit of that species which provokes contemptuous laughter; disparagement by making a person an object of laughter; banter; — a term lighter than derision.
"We have in great measure restricted the meaning of ridicule, which would properly extend over whole region of the ridiculous, — the laughable, — and we have narrowed it so that in common usage it mostly corresponds to "derision", which does indeed involve personal and offensive feelings." Hare.
"Safe from the bar, the pulpit, and the throne, Yet touched and shamed by ridicule alone." Pope.
3. Quality of being ridiculous; ridiculousness. [Obs.]
"To see the ridicule of this practice." Addison.
Syn. — Derision; banter; raillery; burlesque; mockery; irony; satire; sarcasm; gibe; jeer; sneer. — Ridicule, Derision, Both words imply disapprobation; but ridicule usually signifies good-natured, fun-loving opposition without manifest malice, while derision is commonly bitter and scornful, and sometimes malignant.

Ridicule
Rid´i•cule, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Ridiculed p. pr. & vb. n. Ridiculing.] To laugh at mockingly or disparagingly; to awaken ridicule toward or respecting.
"I ’ve known the young, who ridiculed his rage." Goldsmith.
Syn. — To deride; banter; rally; burlesque; mock; satirize; lampoon. See Deride.

Ridicule
Rid´i•cule, a. [F.] Ridiculous. [Obs.]
"This action … became so ridicule." Aubrey.

Ridiculer
Rid´i•cu•ler, n. One who ridicules.

Ridiculize
Ri•dic´u•lize, v. t. To make ridiculous; to ridicule. [Obs.] Chapman.

Ridiculosity
Ri•dic•u•los´i•ty, n. The quality or state of being ridiculous; ridiculousness; also something ridiculous. [Archaic] Bailey.

Ridiculous
Ri•dic´u•lous, a. [L. ridiculosus, ridiculus, fr. ridere to laigh. Cf. Risible.]
1. Fitted to excite ridicule; absurd and laughable; unworthy of serious consideration; as a ridiculous dress or behavior.
"Agricola, discerning that those little targets and unwieldy glaives ill pointed would soon become ridiculous against the thrust and close, commanded three Batavian cohorts … to draw up and come to handy strokes." Milton.
2. Involving or expressing ridicule. [r.]
"[It] provokes me to ridiculous smiling." Shak.
Syn. — Ludicrous; laughable; risible; droll; comical; absurd; preposterous. See Ludicrous. —- Ri•dic´u•lous•ly, adv. — Ri•dic´u•lous•ness, n.

Rifacimento
Ri•fa•ci•men´to, n. ; pl. Rifacimenti (#). [It.] A remaking or recasting; an adaptation, esp. of a literary work or musical composition.

Rife, a. [AS. rif abundant, or Icel. rifr munificent; akin to OD. riff, rijve, abundant.]
1. Prevailing; prevalent; abounding.
"Before the plague of London, inflammations of the lungs were rife and mortal." Arbuthnot.
"Even now the tumult of loud mirth Was rife, and perfect in may listening ear." Milton.
2. Having power; active; nimble. [Obs.]
"What! I am rife a little yet." J. Webster. — Rife´ly, adv. — Rife´ness, n.

Riffle
Rif´fle, n. [CF. G. riffeln, riefeln, to groove. Cf. Rifle a gun.] (Mining) A trough or sluice having cleats, grooves, or steps across the bottom for holding quicksilver and catching particles of gold when auriferous earth is washed; also one of the cleats, grooves, or steps in such a trough. Also called ripple.

Riffle
Rif´fle, n. [Cf. Riffle a trough.] A ripple in a stream or current of water; also a place where the water ripples, as on a shallow rapid. [Local, U. S.]
"The bass have left the cool depth beside the rock and are on the riffle or just below it." James A. Henshall.

Rifleman
Ri´fle•man, n. ; pl. Rifleman . (Mil.) A soldier armed with a rifle.

Rifler
Ri´fler, n. One who rifles; a robber.

Rifling
Ri´fling, n. (a) The act or process of making the grooves in a rifled cannon or gun barrel. (b) The system of grooves in a rifled gun barrel or cannon. Shunt rifling, rifling for cannon, in which one side of the groove is made deeper than the other, to facilitate loading with shot having projections which enter by the deeper part of the grooves.

Rift, obs. p. p. of Rive. Spenser.

Rift, n. [Written also reft.] [Dan. rift, fr. rieve to rend. See Rive.]
1. An opening made by riving or splitting; a cleft; a fissure. Spenser.
2. A shallow place in a stream; a ford.

Rift, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Rifted; p. pr. & vb. n. Rifting.] To cleave; to rive; to split; as to rift an oak or a rock; to rift the clouds. Longfellow.
"To dwell these rifted rocks between." Wordsworth.

Rift, v. i.
1. To burst open; to split. Shak.
"Timber … not apt to rif with ordnance." Bacon.
2. To belch. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

Rifter
Rift´er, n. A rafter. [Obs.] Holland.

Rig, n. [See Ridge.] A ridge. [Prov. or Scott.]

Rig, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Rigged p. pr. & vb. n. Rigging ] [Norweg. rigga to bind, particularly, to wrap round, rig; cf. AS. wrihan to cover.]
1. To furnish with apparatus or gear; to fit with tackling.
2. To dress; to equip; to clothe, especially in an odd or fanciful manner; — commonly followed by out.
"Jack was rigged out in his gold and silver lace." L’Estrange.To rig a purchase, to adapt apparatus so as to get a purchase for moving a weight, as with a lever, tackle, capstan, etc. — To rig a ship (Naut.), to fit the shrouds, stays, braces, etc., to their respective masts and yards.

Rig, n.
1. (Naut.) The peculiar fitting in shape, number, and arrangement of sails and masts, by which different types of vessels are distinguished; as schooner rig, ship rig, etc. See Illustration in Appendix.
2. Dress; esp., odd or fanciful clothing. [Colloq.]

Rig, n. [Cf. Wriggle.]
1. A romp; a wanton; one given to unbecoming conduct. [Obs.] Fuller.
2. A sportive or unbecoming trick; a frolic.
3. A blast of wind. [Prov. Eng.] Wright.
"That uncertain season before the rigs of Michaelmas were yet well composed." Burke. To run a rig, to play a trick; to engage in a frolic; to do something strange and unbecoming.
"He little dreamt when he set out Of running such a rig." Cowper.

Rig, v. i. To play the wanton; to act in an unbecoming manner; to play tricks. "Rigging and rifling all ways." Chapman.

Rig, v. t. To make free with; hence, to steal; to pilfer. [Obs. or Prov.] Tusser. To rig the market (Stock Exchange), to raise or lower market prices, as by some fraud or trick. [Cant]

Riga fir
Ri"ga fir, [So called from Riga, a city in Russia.] (Bot.) A species of pine ( Pinus sylvestris), and its wood, which affords a valuable timber; — called also Scotch pine, and red or yellow deal. It grows in all parts of Europe, in the Caucasus, and in Siberia.

Rigadoon
Rig•a•doon´, n. [F. rigadon, rigaudon.] A gay, lively dance for one couple, — said to have been borrowed from Provence in France. W. Irving.
"Whose dancing dogs in rigadoons excel." Wolcott.

Rigarion
Ri•ga´rion, n. [L. rigatio, fr. rigare to water.] See Irrigation. [Obs.]

Rigescent
Ri•ges´cent, a. [L. rigescens, p. pr. fr. rigescere to grow stiff.] Growing stiff or numb.

Rigger
Rig´ger, n.
1. One who rigs or dresses; one whose occupation is to fit the rigging of a ship.
2. A cylindrical pulley or drum in machinery. [R.]

Rigger
Rig´ger, n. (Painting) A long slender, and pointed sable brush for making fine lines, etc.; — said to be so called from its use by marine painters for drawing the lines of the rigging.

Rigging
Rig´ging, n. DRess; tackle; especially (Naut.), the ropes, chains, etc., that support the masts and spars of a vessel, and serve as purchases for adjusting the sails, etc. See Illust. . of Ship and Sails. Running rigging (Naut.), all those ropes used in bracing the yards, making and shortening sail, etc., such as braces, sheets, halyards, clew lines, and the like. — Standing rigging (Naut.), the shrouds and stays.

Riggle
Rig´gle, v. i. See Wriggle.

Riggle
Rig´gle, n. The European lance fish. [Prov. Eng.]

Right (rit), a. [OE. right, riht, AS. riht; akin to D. regt, OS. & OHG. reht, G. recht, Dan. ret, Sw. rätt, Icel. rëttr, Goth. raíhts, L. rectus, p. p. of regere to guide, rule; cf. Skr. rju straight, right. rad.115. Cf. Adroit,Alert, Correct, Dress, Regular, Rector, Recto, Rectum, Regent, Region, Realm, Rich, Royal, Rule.]
1. Straight; direct; not crooked; as a right line. "Right as any line." Chaucer
2. Upright; erect from a base; having an upright axis; not oblique; as right ascension; a right pyramid or cone.
3. Conformed to the constitution of man and the will of God, or to justice and equity; not deviating from the true and just; according with truth and duty; just; true.
"That which is conformable to the Supreme Rule is absolutely right, and is called right simply without relation to a special end." Whately.
2. Fit; suitable; proper; correct; becoming; as the right man in the right place; the right way from London to Oxford.
5. Characterized by reality or genuineness; real; actual; not spurious. "His right wife." Chaucer.
"In this battle, … the Britons never more plainly manifested themselves to be right barbarians." Milton.
6. According with truth; passing a true judgment; conforming to fact or intent; not mistaken or wrong; not erroneous; correct; as this is the right faith.
"You are right, Justice, and you weigh this well." Shak.
"If there be no prospect beyond the grave, the inference is … right, "Let us eat and drink, for to-morrow we die."" Locke.
7. Most favorable or convenient; fortunate.
"The lady has been disappointed on the right side." Spectator.
8. Of or pertaining to that side of the body in man on which the muscular action is usually stronger than on the other side; — opposed to left when used in reference to a part of the body; as the right side, hand, arm. Also applied to the corresponding side of the lower animals.
"Became the sovereign’s favorite, his right hand." Longfellow. In designating the banks of a river, right and left are used always with reference to the position of one who is facing in the direction of the current’s flow.
9. Well placed, disposed, or adjusted; orderly; well regulated; correctly done.
10. Designed to be placed or worn outward; as the right side of a piece of cloth. At right angles, so as to form a right angle or right angles, as when one line crosses another perpendicularly. — Right and left, in both or all directions. [Colloq.] — Right and left coupling (Pipe fitting), a coupling the opposite ends of which are tapped for a right-handed screw and a left-handed screw, respectivelly. — Right angle. (a) The angle formed by one line meeting another perpendicularly, as the angles ABD, DBC. (b) (Spherics) A spherical angle included between the axes of two great circles whose planes are perpendicular to each other. — Right ascension. See under Ascension. — Right Center (Politics), those members belonging to the Center in a legislative assembly who have sympathies with the Right on political questions. See Center, n. , 5. — Right cone, Right cylinder, Right prism, Right pyramid (Geom.), a cone, cylinder, prism, or pyramid, the axis of which is perpendicular to the base. — Right line. See under Line. — Right sailing (Naut.), sailing on one of the four cardinal points, so as to alter a ship’s latitude or its longitude, but not both. Ham. Nav. Encyc. — Right sphere (Astron. & Geol.), a sphere in such a position that the equator cuts the horizon at right angles; in spherical projections, that position of the sphere in which the primitive plane coincides with the plane of the equator. Right is used elliptically for it is right, what you say is right, true.
""Right," cries his lordship." Pope.
Syn. — Straight; direct; perpendicular; upright; lawful; rightful; true; correct; just; equitable; proper; suitable; becoming.

Right, adv.
1. In a right manner.
2. In a right or straight line; directly; hence; straightway; immediately; next; as he stood right before me; it went right to the mark; he came right out; he followed right after the guide.
"Unto Dian’s temple goeth she right." Chaucer.
"Let thine eyes look right on." Prov. iv. 25.
"Right across its track there lay, Down in the water, a long reef of gold." Tennyson.
3. Exactly; just. [Obs. or Colloq.]
"Came he right now to sing a raven’s note?" Shak.
4. According to the law or will of God; conforming to the standard of truth and justice; righteously; as to live right; to judge right.
5. According to any rule of art; correctly.
"You with strict discipline instructed right." Roscommon.
6. According to fact or truth; actually; truly; really; correctly; exactly; as to tell a story right. "Right at mine own cost." Chaucer.
"Right as it were a steed of Lumbardye." Chaucer.
"His wounds so smarted that he slept right naught." Fairfax.
7. In a great degree; very; wholly; unqualifiedly; extremely; highly; as right humble; right noble; right valiant. "He was not right fat". Chaucer.
"For which I should be right sorry." Tyndale.
"[I] return those duties back as are right fit." Shak. In this sense now chiefly prefixed to titles; as right honorable; right reverend. Right honorable, a title given in England to peers and peeresses, to the eldest sons and all daughters of such peers as have rank above viscounts, and to all privy councilors; also to certain civic officers, as the lord mayor of London, of York, and of Dublin. Right is used in composition with other adverbs, as up right, down right, forth right, etc. Right along, without cessation; continuously; as to work right along for several hours. [Colloq. U.S.] — Right away, or Right off, at once; straightway; without delay. [Colloq. U.S.] "We will … shut ourselves up in the office and do the work right off." D. Webster.

Right, n. [AS. right. See Right, a. ]
1. That which is right or correct. Specifically: (a) The straight course; adherence to duty; obedience to lawful authority, divine or human; freedom from guilt, — the opposite of moral wrong. (b) A true statement; freedom from error of falsehood; adherence to truth or fact.
"Seldom your opinions err; Your eyes are always in the right." Prior. (c) A just judgment or action; that which is true or proper; justice; uprightness; integrity.
"Long love to her has borne the faithful knight, And well deserved, had fortune done him right." Dryden.
2. That to which one has a just claim. Specifically: (a) That which one has a natural claim to exact.
"There are no rights whatever, without corresponding duties." Coleridge. (b) That which one has a legal or social claim to do or to exact; legal power; authority; as a sheriff has a right to arrest a criminal. (c) That which justly belongs to one; that which one has a claim to possess or own; the interest or share which anyone has in a piece of property; title; claim; interest; ownership.
"Born free, he sought his right." Dryden.
"Hast thou not right to all created things?" Milton.
"Men have no right to what is not reasonable." Burke. (d) Privilege or immunity granted by authority.
3. The right side; the side opposite to the left.
"Led her to the Souldan’s right." Spenser.
4. In some legislative bodies of Europe (as in France), those members collectively who are conservatives or monarchists. See Center, 5.
5. The outward or most finished surface, as of a piece of cloth, a carpet, etc. At all right, at all points; in all respects. [Obs.] Chaucer. — Bill of rights, a list of rights; a paper containing a declaration of rights, or the declaration itself. See under Bill. — By right, By rights, or By good rights, rightly; properly; correctly.
"He should himself use it by right." Chaucer.
"I should have been a woman by right." Shak. — Divine right, or Divine right of kings, a name given to the patriarchal theory of government, especially to the doctrine that no misconduct and no dispossession can forfeit the right of a monarch or his heirs to the throne, and to the obedience of the people. — To rights. (a) In a direct line; straight. [R.] Woodward. (b) At once; directly. [Obs. or Colloq.] Swift. — To set to rights, To put to rights, to put in good order; to adjust; to regulate, as what is out of order. — Writ of right (Law), a writ which lay to recover lands in fee simple, unjustly withheld from the true owner. Blackstone.

Right, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Righted; p. pr. & vb. n. Righting.] [AS. rihtan. See Right, a. ]
1. To bring or restore to the proper or natural position; to set upright; to make right or straight (that which has been wrong or crooked); to correct.
2. To do justice to; to relieve from wrong; to restore rights to; to assert or regain the rights of; as to right the oppressed; to right one’s self; also to vindicate.
"So just is God, to right the innocent." Shak.
"All experience hath shown that mankind are more disposed to suffer while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed." Jefferson. To right a vessel (Naut.), to restore her to an upright position after careening. — To right the helm (Naut.), to place it in line with the keel.

Right, v. i.
1. To recover the proper or natural condition or position; to become upright.
2. (Naut.) Hence, to regain an upright position, as a ship or boat, after careening.

Right whale
Right" whale (Zoöl.) (a) The bowhead, Arctic, or Greenland whale ( Balaena mysticetus), from whose mouth the best whalebone is obtained. (b) Any other whale that produces valuable whalebone, as the Atlantic, or Biscay, right whale ( Balaena cisarctica), and the Pacific right whale ( B. Sieboldii); a bone whale. Pygmy right whale (Zoöl.), a small New Zealand whale (Neobalaena marginata) which is only about sixteen feet long. It produces short, but very elastic and tough, whalebone.

Right-about
Right´-a•bout, n. [ Right, adv. + about, adv.] A turning directly about by the right, so as to face in the opposite direction; also the quarter directly opposite; as to turn to the right-about. To send to the right-about, to cause to turn toward the opposite point or quarter; — hence, of troops, to cause to turn and retreat. [Colloq.] Sir W. Scott.

Right-angled
Right´-an•gled, a. Containing a right angle or right angles; as a right-angled triangle.

Righten
Right´en, v. t. To do justice to. [Obs.]
"Relieve [marginal reading, righten] the opressed." Isa. i. 17.

Righteous
Right´eous, a. [OE. rightways, rightwise, AS. rightwis; riht right + wis wise, having wisdom, prudent. See Right, a. , Wise, a. ] Doing, or according with, that which is right; yielding to all their due; just; equitable; especially, free from wrong, guilt, or sin; holy; as a righteous man or act; a righteous retribution.
"Fearless in his righteous cause." Milton.
Syn. — Upright; just; godly; holy; uncorrupt; virtuous; honest; equitable; rightful.

Righteously
Right´eous•ly, adv. [AS. rightwislice.] In a righteous manner; as to judge righteously.

Righteousness
Right´eous•ness, n. [AS. rihtwisnes.]
1. The quality or state of being righteous; holiness; purity; uprightness; rectitude. Righteousness, as used in Scripture and theology, in which it chiefly occurs, is nearly equivalent to holiness, comprehending holy principles and affections of heart, and conformity of life to the divine law.
2. A righteous act, or righteous quality.
"All our righteousnesses are as filthy rags." Isa. lxiv. 6.
3. The act or conduct of one who is righteous.
"Blessed are they that keep judgment, and he that doeth righteousness at all times." Ps. cvi. 3.
4. (Theol.) The state of being right with God; justification; the work of Christ, which is the ground of justification.
"There are two kinds of Christian righteousness: the one without us, which we have by imputation; the other in us, which consisteth of faith, hope, and charity, and other Christian virtues." Hooker.
"Only for the righteousness of Christ imputed to us, and received by faith alone." Westminster Catechism.
Syn. — Uprightness; holiness; godliness; equity; justice; rightfulness; integrity; honesty; faithfulness.

Righter
Right´er, n. One who sets right; one who does justice or redresses wrong. Shelton.

Rightful
Right´ful, a.
1. Righteous; upright; just; good; — said of persons. [Obs.] Chaucer.
2. Consonant to justice; just; as a rightful cause.
3. Having the right or just claim according to established laws; being or holding by right; as the rightful heir to a throne or an estate; a rightful king.
4. Belonging, held, or possessed by right, or by just claim; as a rightful inheritance; rightful authority.
Syn. — Just; lawful; true; honest; equitable; proper.

Rightfully
Right´ful•ly, adv. According to right or justice.

Rightfulness
Right´ful•ness, n.
1. The quality or state of being rightful; accordance with right and justice.
2. Moral rectitude; righteousness. [Obs.] Wyclif.
"We fail of perfect rightfulness." Sir P. Sidney.

Right-hand
Right´-hand, a.
1. Situated or being on the right; nearer the right hand than the left; as the right-hand side, room, or road.
2. Chiefly relied on; almost indispensable.
"Mr. Alexander Truncheon, who is their right-hand man in the troop." Addison. Right-hand rope, a rope which is laid up and twisted with the sun, that is, in the same direction as plain-laid rope. See Illust. of Cordage.

Right-hearted
Right´-heart•ed, a. Having a right heart or disposition. — Right´-heart•ed•ness, n.

Rightless
Right´less, a. Destitute of right. Sylvester.

Right-lined
Right´-lined, a. Formed by right lines; rectilineal; as a right-lined angle.

Rightly
Right´ly, adv. [AS. richtlice.]
1. Straightly; directly; in front. [Obs.] Shak.
2. According to justice; according to the divine will or moral rectitude; uprightly; as duty rightly performed.
3. Properly; fitly; suitably; appropriately.
"Eve rightly called, Mother of all mankind." Milton.
4. According to truth or fact; correctly; not erroneously; exactly. "I can not rightly say." Shak.
"Thou didst not rightly see." Dryden.

Right-minded
Right´-mind•ed, a. Having a right or honest mind. — Right´-mind•ed•ness, n.

Rightness
Right´ness, n. [AS. rihtnes.] Straightness; as the rightness of a line. Bacon.
2. The quality or state of being right; right relation.
"The craving for rightness with God." J. C. Shairp.

Right-running
Right´-run•ning, a. Straight; direct.

Rightward
Right´ward, adv. Toward the right.
"Rightward and leftward rise the rocks." Southey.

Rightwise
Right´wise, a. Righteous. [Obs.] Wyclif.

Rightwise
Right´wise, v. t. To make righteous. [Obs.]

Rightwisely
Right´wise•ly, adv. Righteously. [Obs.]

Rightwiseness
Right´wise•ness, n. Righteousness. [Obs.]
"In doom and eke in rightwisnesse." Chaucer.

Rigid
Rig´id, a. [L. rigidus, fr. rigere to be stiff or numb: cf. F. rigide. Cf. Rigor. ]
1. Firm; stiff; unyielding; not pliant; not flexible.
"Upright beams innumerable Of rigid spears." Milton.
2. Hence, not lax or indulgent; severe; inflexible; strict; as a rigid father or master; rigid discipline; rigid criticism; a rigid sentence.
"The more rigid order of principles in religion and government." Hawthorne.
Syn. — Stiff; unpliant; inflexible; unyielding; strict; exact; severe; austere; stern; rigorous; unmitigated.

Rigidness
Rig´id•ness, n. The quality or state of being rigid.

Rigidulous
Ri•gid´u•lous, a. [Dim. from rigid.] (Bot.) Somewhat rigid or stiff; as a rigidulous bristle.

Riglet
Rig´let, n. (Print.) See Reglet.

Rigol
Rig´ol, n. [OE. also ringol. Cf. Ring.] A circle; hence, a diadem. [Obs.] Shak.

Rigoll
Rig´oll, n. [Corrupted fr. regal.] A musical instrument formerly in use, consisting of several sticks bound together, but separated by beads, and played with a stick with a ball at its end. Moore (Encyc. of Music.).

Rigor
Ri´gor, n. [L. See Rigor., below.]
1. Rigidity; stiffness.
2. (ed.) A sense of chilliness, with contraction of the skin; a convulsive shuddering or tremor, as in the chill preceding a fever. Rigor caloris [L., rigor of heat] (Physiol.), a form of rigor mortis induced by heat, as when the muscle of a mammal is heated to about 50°C. — Rigor mortis [L., rigor of death], death stiffening; the rigidity of the muscles that occurs at death and lasts till decomposition sets in. It is due to the formation of myosin by the coagulation of the contents of the individual muscle fibers.

Rigor
Rig´or, n. [OE. rigour, OF. rigour, F. rigueur, from L. rigor, fr. rigere to be stiff. See Rigid.] [Written also rigour.]
1. The becoming stiff or rigid; the state of being rigid; rigidity; stiffness; hardness.
"The rest his look Bound with Gorgonian rigor not to move." Milton.
2. (Med.) See 1st Rigor, 2.
3. Severity of climate or season; inclemency; as the rigor of the storm; the rigors of winter.
4. Stiffness of opinion or temper; rugged sternness; hardness; relentless severity; hard-heartedness; cruelty.
"All his rigor is turned to grief and pity." Denham.
"If I shall be condemn’d Upon surmises, … I tell you ’T is rigor and not law." Shak.
5. Exactness without allowance, deviation, or indulgence; strictness; as the rigor of criticism; to execute a law with rigor; to enforce moral duties with rigor; — opposed to lenity.
6. Severity of life; austerity; voluntary submission to pain, abstinence, or mortification.
"The prince lived in this convent with all the rigor and austerity of a capuchin." Addison.
7. Violence; force; fury. [Obs.]
"Whose raging rigor neither steel nor brass could stay." Spenser.
Syn. — Stiffness; rigidness; inflexibility; severity; austerity; sternness; harshness; strictness; exactness.

Rigorist
Rig´or•ist, n. [Cf. F. rigoriste.] One who is rigorous; — sometimes applied to an extreme Jansenist.

Rigorous
Rig´or•ous, a. [F. rigoureux, LL. rigorosus. See Rigor.]
1. Manifesting, exercising, or favoring rigor; allowing no abatement or mitigation; scrupulously accurate; exact; strict; severe; relentless; as a rigorous officer of justice; a rigorous execution of law; a rigorous definition or demonstration.
"He shall be thrown down the Tarpeian Rock With rigorous hands." Shak.
"We do not connect the scattered phenomena into their rigorous unity." De Quincey.
2. Severe; intense; inclement; as a rigorous winter.
3. Violent. [Obs.] "Rigorous uproar." Spenser.
Syn. — Rigid; inflexible; unyielding; stiff; severe; austere; stern; harsh; strict; exact. — Rig´or•ous•ly, adv. — Rig´or•ous•ness, n.

Rille (ril), n. [G. rille a furrow.] (Astron.) One of certain narrow, crooked valleys seen, by aid of the telescope, on the surface of the moon.

Rillet
Rill´et, n. A little rill. Burton.

Rily
Ri´ly, a. Roily. [Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U.S.]

Rim, n. [As. rima, reoma, edge; cf. W. rhim, rhimp, a rim, edge, boundary, termination, Armor, rim. Cf. Rind.]
1. The border, edge, or margin of a thing, usually of something circular or curving; as the rim of a kettle or basin.
2. The lower part of the abdomen. [Obs.] Shak. Arch rim (Phonetics), the line between the gums and the palate. — Rim-fire cartridge. (Mil.) See under Cartridge. — Rim lock. See under Lock.

Rim, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Rimmed p. pr. & vb. n. Rimming.] To furnish with a rim; to border.

Rimau dahan
Ri"mau da"han [From the native Oriental name.] (Zoöl.) The clouded tiger cat ( Felis marmorata) of Southern Asia and the East Indies.

Rimbase
Rim´base, n. (Mil.) A short cylinder connecting a trunnion with the body of a cannon. See Illust. of Cannon.

Rimey
Rim´ey, v. t. [Cf. OF. rimoier. See Ryime.] To compose in rhyme; to versify. [Obs.]
"[Lays] rimeyed in their first Breton tongue." Chaucer.

Rimmer
Rim´mer, n. An implement for cutting, trimming, or ornamenting the rim of anything, as the edges of pies, etc.; also a reamer. Knight.

Rimose
Ri•mose´, a. [L. rimosus, fr. rima a chink: cf. F. rimeux.]
1. Full of rimes, fissures, or chinks.
2. (Nat. Hist.) Having long and nearly parallel clefts or chinks, like those in the bark of trees.

Rimosely
Ri•mose´ly, adv. In a rimose manner.

Rimosity
Ri•mos´i•ty, n. State of being rimose.

Rimous
Rim´ous, a. Rimose.

Rimple
Rim´ple, n. [AS. hrimpele, or rimpel. See Rumple.] A fold or wrinkle. See Rumple.

Rimple
Rim´ple, v. t. & i. [ imp. & p. p. Rimpled p. pr. & vb. n. Rimpling ] To rumple; to wrinkle.

Rincon
Rin•con´, n. ; pl. Rincones (#). [Sp. rincón.] An interior corner; a nook; hence, an angular recess or hollow bend in a mountain, river, cliff, or the like. [Western & Southern U. S.] D. S. Jordan.

Rind (rind), n. [AS. rind bark, crust of bread; akin to OHG. rinta, G. rinde, and probably to E. rand, rim; cf. Skr. ram to end, rest.] The external covering or coat, as of flesh, fruit, trees, etc.; skin; hide; bark; peel; shell.
"Thou canst not touch the freedom of my mind With all thy charms, although this corporal rind Thou hast immanacled." Milton.
"Sweetest nut hath sourest rind." Shak.

Rind, v. t. To remove the rind of; to bark. [R.]

Rinderpest
Rin´der•pest (rin"der•pest), n. [G., fr. rind, pl. rinder, cattle + pest pest, plague.] A highly contagious distemper or murrain, affecting neat cattle, and less commonly sheep and goats; — called also cattle plague, Russian cattle plague, and steppe murrain.

Rindle
Rin´dle (rin"d’l), n. [AS. rynele. rad.11. See Run.] A small water course or gutter. Ash.

Rindy
Rind´y (-y), a. Having a rind or skin. Ash.

Rine (rin), n. See Rind. [Obs.] Spenser.

Rinforzando
Rin•for•zan´do, a. [It., fr. rinforzare to reënforce, strengthen.] (Mus.) Increasing; strengthening; — a direction indicating a sudden increase of force (abbreviated rf., rfz.) Cf. Forzando, and Sforzando.

Ring armature. (Elec.) An armature for a dynamo or motor having the conductors wound on a ring.

Ring winding. (Elec.) Armature winding in which the wire is wound round the outer and inner surfaces alternately of an annular or cylindrical core.

Ringbill
Ring´bill, n. (Zoöl.) The ring-necked scaup duck; — called also ring-billed blackhead. See Scaup.

Ringbolt
Ring´bolt, n. An eyebolt having a ring through the eye.

Ringbone
Ring´bone, n. (Far.) A morbid growth or deposit of bony matter between or on the small pastern and the great pastern bones. J. H. Walsh.

Ringdove
Ring´dove, n. (Zoöl.) A European wild pigeon ( Columba palumbus) having a white crescent on each side of the neck, whence the name. Called also wood pigeon, and cushat.

Ringed, a.
1. Encircled or marked with, or as with, a ring or rings.
2. Wearning a wedding ring; hence, lawfully wedded. "A ringed wife." Tennyson. Ringed seal (Zoöl.), a North Pacific seal ( Phoca fœtida) having ringlike spots on the body. — Ringed snake (Zoöl.), a harmless European snake ( Tropidonotus natrix) common in England. — Ringed worm (Zoöl.), an annelid.

Ringent
Rin´gent, a. [L. ringens, -entis, p. pr. of ringi to open wide the mouth: cf. F. ringent.] (Bot.) Having the lips widely separated and gaping like an open mouth; as a ringent bilabiate corolla.

Ringer
Ring´er, n.
1. One who, or that which, rings; especially, one who rings chimes on bells.
2. (Mining) A crowbar. Simmonds.

Ringer
Ring´er, n. (Horse Racing) A horse that is not entitled to take part in a race, but is fraudulently got into it.

Ringhead
Ring´head, n. (Cloth Manuf.) An instrument used for stretching woolen cloth.

Ringing
Ring´ing, a & n. from Ring, v. Ringing engine, a simple form of pile driver in which the monkey is lifted by men pulling on ropes.

Ringleader
Ring´lead•er, n.
1. The leader of a circle of dancers; hence, the leader of a number of persons acting together; the leader of a herd of animals.
"A primacy of order, such an one as the ringleader hath in a dance." Barrow.
2. Opprobriously, a leader of a body of men engaged in the violation of law or in an illegal enterprise, as rioters, mutineers, or the like.
"The ringleaders were apprehended, tried, fined, and imprisoned." Macaulay.

Ringlestone
Rin´gle•stone, n. (Zoöl.) The ringed dotterel, or ring plover. [Prov. Eng.]

Ringlet
Ring´let, n. [ Ring + - let.]
1. A small ring; a small circle; specifically, a fairy ring.
"You demi-puppets, that By moonshine do the green sour ringlets make, Whereof the ewe not bites." Shak.
2. A curl; especially, a curl of hair.
"[Her golden tresses] in wanton ringlets waved." Milton.

Ringman
Ring´man, n. ; pl. Ringmen . The ring finger. [Obs.] Ascham

Ringmaster
Ring´mas•ter, n. One in charge of the performances (as of horses) within the ring in a circus.

Ringneck
Ring´neck, n.
1. (Zoöl.) Any one of several species of small plovers of the genus AEgialitis, having a ring around the neck. The ring is black in summer, but becomes brown or gray in winter. The semipalmated plover ( AE. semipalmata) and the piping plover ( AE. meloda) are common North American species. Called also ring plover, and ring-necked plover.
2. (Zoöl.) The ring-necked duck.

Ring-necked
Ring´-necked, a. (Zoöl.) Having a well defined ring of color around the neck. Ring-necked duck (Zool.), an American scaup duck ( Aythya collaris). The head, neck, and breast of the adult male are black, and a narrow, but conspicuous, red ring encircles the neck. This ring is absent in the female. Called also ring-neck, ring-necked blackhead, ringbill, tufted duck, and black jack.

Ringsail
Ring´sail, n. (Naut.) See Ringtail, 2.

Ring-streaked
Ring´-streaked, a. Having circular streaks or lines on the body; as ring-streaked goats.

Ringtail
Ring´tail, n.
1. (Zoöl.) A bird having a distinct band of color across the tail, as the hen harrier.
2. (Naut.) A light sail set abaft and beyong the leech of a boom-and-gaff sail; — called also ringsail. Ringtail boom (Naut.), a spar which is rigged on a boom for setting a ringtail.

Ring-tailed
Ring´-tailed, a. (Zoöl.) Having the tail crossed by conspicuous bands of color. Ring-tailed cat (Zoöl.), the cacomixle. — Ring-tailed eagle (Zoöl.), a young golden eagle.

Ringtoss
Ring´toss, n. A game in which the object is to toss a ring so that it will catch upon an upright stick.

Ringworm
Ring´worm´, n. (Med.) A contagious affection of the skin due to the presence of a vegetable parasite, and forming ring-shaped discolored patches covered with vesicles or powdery scales. It occurs either on the body, the face, or the scalp. Different varieties are distinguished as Tinea circinata, Tinea tonsurans, etc., but all are caused by the same parasite (a species of Trichophyton).

Rink, n. [Scot. renk, rink, rynk, a course, a race; probably fr. AS. hring a ring. See Ring.]
1. The smooth and level extent of ice marked off for the game of curling.
2. An artificial sheet of ice, generally under cover, used for skating; also a floor prepared for skating on with roller skates, or a building with such a floor.

Rinking
Rink´ing, n. Skating in a rink. [Colloq.]

Rinse, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Rinsed p. pr. & vb. n. Rinsing.] [OE., fr. OF. rincer, rimser, reinser, raïncier, F. rincer; of uncertain origin.]
1. To wash lightly; to cleanse with a second or repeated application of water after washing.
2. To cleancse by the introduction of water; - - applied especially to hollow vessels; as to rinse a bottle. "Like a glass did break i’ the rinsing." Shak.

Rinse, n. The act of rinsing.

Rinser
Rins´er, n. One who, or that which, rinses.

Riot
Ri´ot, n. [OF. riote, of uncertain origin; cf. OD. revot, ravot.]
1. Wanton or unrestrained behavior; uproar; tumult.
"His headstrong riot hath no curb." Shak.
2. Excessive and exxpensive feasting; wild and loose festivity; revelry.
"Venus loveth riot and dispense." Chaucer.
"The lamb thy riot dooms to bleed to- day." Pope.
3. (Law) The tumultuous disturbance of the public peace by an unlawful assembly of three or more persons in the execution of some private object. To run riot, to act wantonly or without restraint.

Riot
Ri´ot, v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Rioted; p. pr. & vb. n. Rioting.] [OF. rioter; cf. OD. ravotten.]
1. To engage in riot; to act in an unrestrained or wanton manner; to indulge in excess of luxury, feasting, or the like; to revel; to run riot; to go to excess.
"Now he exact of all, wastes in delight, Riots in pleasure, and neglects the law." Daniel.
"No pulse that riots, and no blood that glows." Pope.
2. (Law) To disturb the peace; to raise an uproar or sedition. See Riot, n. , 3. Johnson.

Riot
Ri´ot, v. t. To spend or pass in riot.
"[He] had rioted his life out." Tennyson.

Rioter
Ri´ot•er, n.
1. One who riots; a reveler; a roisterer. Chaucer.
2. (Law) One who engages in a riot. See Riot, n. , 3.

Riotour
Ri´ot•our (-oor), n. A rioter. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Riotous
Ri´ot•ous, a. [OF. rioteux.]
1. Involving, or engaging in, riot; wanton; unrestrained; luxurious.
"The younger son … took his journey into a far country, and there wasted his substance with riotous living." Luke xv. 13.
2. Partaking of the nature of an unlawful assembly or its acts; seditious. — Ri´ot•ous•ly, adv. — Ri´ot•ous•ness, n.

Riotry
Ri´ot•ry, n. The act or practice of rioting; riot. "Electioneering riotry." Walpole.

Rip, n. [Cf. Icel. hrip a box or basket; perhaps akin to E. corb. Cf. Ripier.] A wicker fish basket.

Rip, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Ripped p. pr. & vb. n. Ripping.] [Cf. AS. rypan, also Sw. repa to ripple flax, D. repelen, G. reffen, riffeln, and E. raff, raffle. Cf. Raff, Ripple of flax.]
1. To divide or separate the parts of, by cutting or tearing; to tear or cut open or off; to tear off or out by violence; as to rip a garment by cutting the stitches; to rip off the skin of a beast; to rip up a floor; — commonly used with up, open, off.
2. To get by, or as by, cutting or tearing.
"He ’ll rip the fatal secret from her heart." Granville.
3. To tear up for search or disclosure, or for alteration; to search to the bottom; to discover; to disclose; — usually with up.
"They ripped up all that had been done from the beginning of the rebellion." Clarendon.
"For brethern to debate and rip up their falling out in the ear of a common enemy … is neither wise nor comely." Milton.
4. To saw (wood) lengthwise of the grain or fiber. Ripping chisel (Carp.), a crooked chisel for cleaning out mortises. Knight. — Ripping iron. (Shipbuilding) Same as Ravehook. — Ripping saw. (Carp.) See Ripsaw. — To rip out, to rap out, to utter hastily and violently; as to rip out an oath. [Colloq.] See To rap out, under Rap, v. t.

Rip, n.
1. A rent made by ripping, esp. by a seam giving way; a tear; a place torn; laceration.
2. [Perh. a corruption of the first syllable of reprobate.] A term applied to a mean, worthless thing or person, as to a scamp, a debauchee, or a prostitute, or a worn-out horse. [Slang.]
3. A body of water made rough by the meeting of opposing tides or currents.

Rip cord. (Aëronautics) A cord by which the gas bag of a balloon may be ripped open for a limited distance to release the gas quickly and so cause immediate descent. { Rip"per actbill }. An act or a bill conferring upon a chief executive, as a governor or mayor, large powers of appointment and removal of heads of departments or other subordinate officials. [Polit. Cant, U. S.]

Riparian
Ri•pa´ri•an, a. [L. riparius, fr. ripa a bank. See River, and cf. Arrive.] Of or pertaining to the bank of a river; as riparian rights.

Ripe (rip), n. [L. ripa.] The bank of a river. [Obs.]

Ripe (rip), a. [ Compar. Riper (-er); superl. Ripest.] [AS. ripe; akin to OS. ripi, D. rijp, G. rief, OHG. rift; cf. AS. rip harvest, ripan to reap. Cf. Reap.]
1. Ready for reaping or gathering; having attained perfection; mature; — said of fruits, seeds, etc.; as ripe grain.
"So mayst thou live, till, like ripe fruit, thou drop Into thy mother’s lap." Milton.
2. Advanced to the state of fitness for use; mellow; as ripe cheese; ripe wine.
3. Having attained its full development; mature; perfected; consummate. "Ripe courage." Chaucer.
"He was a scholar, and a ripe and good one." Shak.
4. Maturated or suppurated; ready to discharge; — said of sores, tumors, etc.
5. Ready for action or effect; prepared.
"While things were just ripe for a war." Addison.
"I am not ripe to pass sentence on the gravest public bodies." Burke.
6. Like ripened fruit in ruddiness and plumpness.
"Those happy smilets, That played on her ripe lip." Shak.
7. Intoxicated. [Obs.] "Reeling ripe." Shak.
Syn. — Mature; complete; finished. See Mature.

Ripe, v. i. [AS. ripian.] To ripen; to grow ripe. [Obs.]

Ripe, v. t. To mature; to ripen. [Obs.] Shak.

Ripely
Ripe´ly, adv. Maturely; at the fit time. Shak.

Ripen
Rip´en, v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Ripened p. pr. & vb. n. Ripening.]
1. To grow ripe; to become mature, as grain, fruit, flowers, and the like; as grapes ripen in the sun.
2. To approach or come to perfection.

Ripen
Rip´en, v. t.
1. To cause to mature; to make ripe; as the warm days ripened the corn.
2. To mature; to fit or prepare; to bring to perfection; as to ripen the judgment.
"When faith and love, which parted from thee never, Had ripined thy iust soul to dwell with God." Milton.

Ripeness
Ripe´ness, n. [AS. ripness.] The state or quality of being ripe; maturity;; completeness; perfection; as the ripeness of grain; ripeness of manhood; ripeness of judgment.
"Time, which made them their fame outlive, To Cowley scarce did ripeness give." Denham.

Ripidolite
Ri•pid´o•lite, n. [Gr… fan + -lite.] (Min.) A translucent mineral of a green color and micaceous structure, belonging to the chlorite group; a hydrous silicate of alumina, magnesia, and iron; — called also clinochlore.

Ripienist
Ri•pi•e´nist, n. (Mus.) A player in the ripieno portion of an orchestra. See Ripieno.

Ripper
Rip´per, n.
1. One who, or that which, rips; a ripping tool.
2. A tool for trimming the edges of roofing slates.
3. Anything huge, extreme, startling, etc. [Slang.]

Ripping cord
Rip"ping cord. (Aëronautics) = Rip cord.

Ripping strip. = Ripping panel.

Ripplet
Rip´plet, n. A small ripple.

Ripplingly
Rip´pling•ly, adv. In a rippling manner.

Ripply
Rip´ply, a. Having ripples; as ripply water; hence, resembling the sound of rippling water; as ripply laughter; a ripply cove. Keats.

Riprap
Rip´rap, n. [Cf. Rap.] (Masonry) A foundation or sustaining wall of stones thrown together without order, as in deep water or on a soft bottom.

Riprap
Rip´rap, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Riprapped p. pr. & vb. n. Riprapping.] To form a riprap in or upon.

Ris, n. [AS. hris; akin to D. rils, G. reis, OHG. hris.] A bough or branch; a twig. [Obs.]
"As white as is the blossom upon the ris." Chaucer.

Rise, v. i. [ imp. Rose p. p. Risen p. pr. & vb. n. Rising.] [AS. risan; akin to OS. risan, D. rijzen, OHG. risan to rise, fall, Icel. risa, Goth. ur reisan, G. reise journey. CF. Arise, Raise, Rear, v. ]
1. To move from a lower position to a higher; to ascend; to mount up. Specifically: — (a) To go upward by walking, climbing, flying, or any other voluntary motion; as a bird rises in the air; a fish rises to the bait. (b) To ascend or float in a fluid, as gases or vapors in air, cork in water, and the like. (c) To move upward under the influence of a projecting force; as a bullet rises in the air. (d) To grow upward; to attain a certain height; as this elm rises to the height of seventy feet. (e) To reach a higher level by increase of quantity or bulk; to swell; as a river rises in its bed; the mercury rises in the thermometer. (f) To become erect; to assume an upright position; as to rise from a chair or from a fall. (g) To leave one’s bed; to arise; as to rise early.
"He that would thrive, must rise by five." Old Proverb. (h) To tower up; to be heaved up; as the Alps rise far above the sea. (i) To slope upward; as a path, a line, or surface rises in this direction. "A rising ground." Dryden. (j) To retire; to give up a siege.
"He, rising with small honor from Gunza, … was gone." Knolles. (k) To swell or puff up in the process of fermentation; to become light, as dough, and the like.
2. To have the aspect or the effect of rising. Specifically: — (a) To appear above the horizont, as the sun, moon, stars, and the like. "He maketh his sun to rise on the evil and the good." Matt. v. 45. (b) To become apparent; to emerge into sight; to come forth; to appear; as an eruption rises on the skin; the land rises to view to one sailing toward the shore. (c) To become perceptible to other senses than sight; as a noise rose on the air; odor rises from the flower. (d) To have a beginning; to proceed; to originate; as rivers rise in lakes or springs.
"A scepter shall rise out of Israel." Num. xxiv. 17.
"Honor and shame from no condition rise." Pope.
3. To increase in size, force, or value; to proceed toward a climax. Specifically: — (a) To increase in power or fury; — said of wind or a storm, and hence, of passion. "High winde … began to rise, high passions — anger, hate." Milton. (b) To become of higher value; to increase in price.
"Bullion is risen to six shillings … the ounce." Locke. (c) To become larger; to swell; — said of a boil, tumor, and the like. (d) To increase in intensity; — said of heat. (e) To become louder, or higher in pitch, as the voice. (f) To increase in amount; to enlarge; as his expenses rose beyond his expectations.
4. In various figurative senses. Specifically: — (a) To become excited, opposed, or hostile; to go to war; to take up arms; to rebel.
"At our heels all hell should rise With blackest insurrection." Milton.
"No more shall nation against nation rise." Pope. (b) To attain to a better social position; to be promoted; to excel; to succeed.
"Some rise by sin, and some by virtue fall." Shak. (c) To become more and more dignified or forcible; to increase in interest or power; — said of style, thought, or discourse; as to rise in force of expression; to rise in eloquence; a story rises in interest. (d) To come to mind; to be suggested; to occur.
"A thought rose in me, which often perplexes men of contemplative natures." Spectator. (e) To come; to offer itself.
"There chanced to the prince’s hand to rise An ancient book." Spenser.
5. To ascend from the grave; to come to life.
"But now is Christ risen from the dead." 1. Cor. xv. 20.
6. To terminate an official sitting; to adjourn; as the committee rose after agreeing to the report.
"It was near nine … before the House rose." Macaulay.
7. To ascend on a musical scale; to take a higher pith; as to rise a tone or semitone.
8. (Print.) To be lifted, or to admit of being lifted, from the imposing stone without dropping any of the type; — said of a form.
Syn. — To arise; mount; ascend; climb; scale. — Rise, Appreciate. Some in America use the word appreciate for "rise in value;" as stocks appreciate, money appreciates, etc. This use is not unknown in England, but it is less common there. It is undesirable, because rise sufficiently expresses the idea, and appreciate has its own distinctive meaning, which ought not to be confused with one so entirely different.

Rise, n.
1. The act of rising, or the state of being risen.
2. The distance through which anything rises; as the rise of the thermometer was ten degrees; the rise of the river was six feet; the rise of an arch or of a step.
3. Land which is somewhat higher than the rest; as the house stood on a rise of land. [Colloq.]
4. Spring; source; origin; as the rise of a stream.
"All wickednes taketh its rise from the heart." R. Nelson.
5. Appearance above the horizon; as the rise of the sun or of a planet. Shak.
6. Increase; advance; augmentation, as of price, value, rank, property, fame, and the like.
"The rise or fall that may happen in his constant revenue by a Spanish war." Sir W. Temple.
7. Increase of sound; a swelling of the voice.
"The ordinary rises and falls of the voice." Bacon.
8. Elevation or ascent of the voice; upward change of key; as a rise of a tone or semitone.
9. The spring of a fish to seize food (as a fly) near the surface of the water.

Rise, v. t. [See Rise, v. i.]
1. To go up; to ascend; to climb; as to rise a hill.
2. To cause to rise; as to rise a fish, or cause it to come to the surface of the water; to rise a ship, or bring it above the horizon by approaching it; to raise.
"Until we rose the bark we could not pretend to call it a chase." W. C. Russell. { Ris•que´, a. masc., Ris•quee´, a. fem. }, . [F., p.p. of risquer to risk.] Hazardous; risky; esp., fig., verging upon impropriety; dangerously close to, or suggestive of, what is indecent or of doubtful morality; as a risque story. Henry Austin.

Risibility
Ris•i•bil´i•ty, n. [CF. F. risibilite.] The quality of being risible; as risibility is peculiar to the human species.
"A strong and obvious disposition to risibility." Sir W. Scott.

Risible
Ris´i•ble, a. [F., fr. L. risibilis, fr. ridere, risum, to laugh. Cf. Ridiculous.]
1. Having the faculty or power of laughing; disposed to laugh.
"Laughing is our busines, … it has been made the definition of man that he is risible." Dr. H. More.
2. Exciting laughter; worthy to be laughed at; amusing. "Risible absurdities." Johnson.
"I hope you find nothing risible in my complaisance." Sir W. Scott.
3. Used in, or expressing, laughter; as risible muscles. Risible is sometimes used as a noun, in the plural, for the feeling of amusement and for the muscles and other organs used in laughing, collectively; as unable to control one’s risibles.
Syn. — Ludicrous; laughable; amusing; ridiculous — Risible, Ludicrous, Ridiculous. Risible differs from ludicrous as species from genus; ludicrous expressing that which is playful and sportive; risible, that which may excite laughter. Risible differs from ridiculous, as the latter implies something contemptuous, and risible does not. —Ris´i•ble•ness(#), n. — Ris´i•bly, adv.

Risk, n. [F. risque; cf. It. risco, risico, rischio, Pg. risco, Sp. riesgo, and also Sp. risco a steep rock; all probably fr. L. resceare to cut off; pref. re- re- + secare to cut; — the word having been probably first used among sailors. See Section.]
1. Hazard; danger; peril; exposure to loss, injury, or destruction.
"The imminent and constant risk of assassination, a risk which has shaken very strong nerves." Macaulay.
2. (Com.) Hazard of loss; liabillity to loss in property. To run a risk, to incur hazard; to encounter danger.
Syn. — Danger; hazard; peril; jeopardy; exposure. See Danger.

Risk, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Risked p. pr. & vb. n. Risking.] [CF. F. risquer. See Risk, n. ]
1. To expose to risk, hazard, or peril; to venture; as to risk goods on board of a ship; to risk one’s person in battle; to risk one’s fame by a publication.
2. To incur the risk or danger of; as to risk a battle.
Syn. — To hazard; peril; endanger; jeopard.

Riskful
Risk´ful, a. Risky. [R.] Geddes.

Risky
Risk´y, a. Attended with risk or danger; hazardous. "A risky matter." W. Collins.
"Generalization are always risky." Lowell.

Risorial
Ri•so´ri•al, a. [L. ridere, risum, to laugh.] Pertaining to, or producing, laughter; as the risorial muscles.

Risotto
Ri•sot´to, n. [It.] A kind of pottage.

Risse, obs. imp. of Rise. B. Jonson.

Rissole
Ris•sole´, n. [F., fr. rissoler to fry meat till it is brown.] (Cookery) A small ball of rich minced meat or fish, covered with pastry and fried.

Rist, obs. 3d pers. sing. pres. of Rise, contracted from riseth. Chaucer.

Rite, n. [L. ritus; cf. Skr. riti a stream, a running, way, manner, ri to flow: cf. F. rit, rite. CF. Rivulet.] The act of performing divine or solemn service, as established by law, precept, or custom; a formal act of religion or other solemn duty; a solemn observance; a ceremony; as the rites of freemasonry.
"He looked with indifference on rites, names, and forms of ecclesiastical polity." Macaulay.
Syn. — Form; ceremony; observance; ordinance.

Ritratto
Ri•trat´to, n. [It.] A picture. Sterne.

Ritual
Rit´u•al, a. [L. ritualis, fr. ritus a rite: cf. F. rituel.] Of or pertaining to rites or ritual; as ritual service or sacrifices; the ritual law.

Ritual
Rit´u•al, n. [Cf. F. rituel.]
1. A prescribed form of performing divine service in a particular church or communion; as the Jewish ritual.
2. Hence, the code of ceremonies observed by an organization; as the ritual of the freemasons.
3. A book containing the rites to be observed.

Ritualism
Rit´u•al•ism, n. [Cf. F. ritualisme.]
1. A system founded upon a ritual or prescribed form of religious worship; adherence to, or observance of, a ritual.
2. Specifically : (a) The principles and practices of those in the Church of England, who in the development of the Oxford movement, so-called, have insisted upon a return to the use in church services of the symbolic ornaments (altar cloths, encharistic vestments, candles, etc.) that were sanctioned in the second year of Edward VI., and never, as they maintain, forbidden by competennt authority, although generally disused. Schaff-Herzog Encyc. (b) also the principles and practices of those in the Protestant Episcopal Church who sympathize with this party in the Church of England.

Ritualist
Rit´u•al•ist, n. [CF. F. ritualiste.] One skilled un, or attached to, a ritual; one who advocates or practices ritualism.

Ritualistic
Rit•u•al•is´tic, a. Pertaining to, or in accordance with, a ritual; adhering to ritualism.

Ritually
Rit´u•al•ly, adv. By rites, or by a particular rite.

Rivage
Riv´age, n. [F., fr. L. ripa bank, shore.]
1. A bank, shore, or coast. [Archaic] Spenser.
"From the green rivage many a fall Of diamond rillets musical." Tennyson.
2. (O.Eng.Law) A duty paid to the crown for the passage of vessels on certain rivers.

Rival
Ri´val, n. [F. rival (cf. It. rivale), L. rivales two neigbors having the same brook in common, rivals, fr. rivalis belonging to a brook, fr. rivus a brook. Cf. Rivulet, Rete.]
1. A person having a common right or privilege with another; a partner. [Obs.]
"If you do meet Horatio and Marcellus, The rivals of my watch, bid them make haste." Shak.
2. One who is in pursuit of the same object as another; one striving to reach or obtain something which another is attempting to obtain, and which one only can posses; a competitor; as rivals in love; rivals for a crown. "Rivals, in the primary sense of the word, are those who dwell on the banks of the same stream. But since, as all experience shows, there is no such fruitful source of coutention as a water right, it would continually happen that these occupants of the opposite banks would be at strife with one another in regard of the periods during which they severally had a right to the use of the stream … And thus ’rivals’ … came to be used of any who were on any grounds in more or less unfriendly competition with one another." Trench.
Syn. — Competitor; emulator; antagonist.

Rival
Ri´val, a. Having the same pretensions or claims; standing in competition for superiority; as rival lovers; rival claims or pretensions.
"The strenuous conflicts and alternate victories of two rival confederacies of statesmen." Macaulay.

Rival
Ri´val, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Rivaled or Rivalled; p. pr. & vb. n. Rivaling or Rivalling.]
1. To stand in competition with; to strive to gain some object in opposition to; as to rival one in love.
2. To strive to equal or exel; to emulate.
"To rival thunder in its rapid course." Dryden.

Rival
Ri´val, v. i. To be in rivalry. [Obs.] Shak.

Rivaless
Ri´val•ess, n. A female rival. [Obs.] Richardson.

Rivality
Ri•val´i•ty, n. [L. rivalitas: cf. F. rivalite.]
1. Rivalry; competition. [Obs.]
2. Equality, as of right or rank. [Obs.] hak.

Rivalry
Ri´val•ry, n. ; pl. Rivalries . The act of rivaling, or the state of being a rival; a competition. "Keen contention and eager rivalries." Jeffrey.
Syn. — Emulation; competition. See Emulation.

Rive, v. t. [ imp. Rived p. p. Rived or Riven ; p. pr. & vb. n. Riving.] [Icel. rifa, akin to Sw. rifva to pull asunder, burst, tear, Dan. rive to rake, pluck, tear. Cf. Reef of land, Rifle a gun, Rift, Rivel.] To rend asunder by force; to split; to cleave; as to rive timber for rails or shingles.
"I shall ryve him through the sides twain." Chaucer.
"The scolding winds have rived the knotty oaks." Shak.
"Brutus hath rived my heart." Shak.

Rive, v. i. To be split or rent asunder.
"Freestone rives, splits, and breaks in any direction." Woodward.

Rive, n. A place torn; a rent; a rift. [Prov. Eng.]

Rivel
Riv´el, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Riveled p. pr. & vb. n. Riveling.] [AS. gerifled, geriflod, gerifod, wrinkled, geriflian, gerifian, to wrinkle. See Rifle a gun, Rive.] To contract into wrinkles; to shrivel; to shrink; as riveled fruit; riveled flowers. [Obs.] Pope. "Riveled parchments." Walpole.

Rivel
Riv´el, n. A wrinkle; a rimple. [Obs.] Holland.

Riven
Riv´en, p. p. & a. from Rive.

Rivered
Riv´ered, a. Supplied with rivers; as a well rivered country.

Riveret
Riv´er•et, n. A rivulet. [Obs.] Drayton.

Riverhood
Riv´er•hood, n. The quality or state of being a river. "Useful riverhood." H. Miller.

Riverling
Riv´er•ling, n. A rivulet. [R.] Sylvester.

Riverside
Riv´er•side, n. The side or bank of a river.

Rivery
Riv´er•y, a. Having rivers; as a rivery country. Drayton.

Rivet
Riv´et, n. [F., fr. river to rivet; perh. fr. Icel. rifa to fasten together. Cf. Reef part of a sail.] A metallic pin with a head, used for uniting two plates or pieces of material together, by passing it through them and then beating or pressing down the point so that it shall spread out and form a second head; a pin or bolt headed or clinched at both ends.
"With busy hammers closing rivets up." Shak. Rivet joint, or Riveted joint, a joint between two or more pieces secured by rivets.

Rivet
Riv´et, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Riveted; p. pr. & vb. n. Riveting.]
1. To fasten with a rivet, or with rivets; as to rivet two pieces of iron.
2. To spread out the end or point of, as of a metallic pin, rod, or bolt, by beating or pressing, so as to form a sort of head.
3. Hence, to fasten firmly; to make firm, strong, or immovable; as to rivet friendship or affection.
"Rivet and nail me where I stand, ye powers!" Congreve.
"Thus his confidence was riveted and confirmed." Sir W. Scott.

Riveting
Riv´et•ing, n.
1. The act of joining with rivets; the act of spreading out and clinching the end, as of a rivet, by beating or pressing.
2. The whole set of rivets, collectively. Tomlinsin. Butt riveting, riveting in which the ends or edges of plates form a butt joint, and are fastened together by being riveted to a narrow strip which covers the joint. — Chain riveting, riveting in which the rivets, in two or more rows along the seam, are set one behind the other. — Crossed riveting, riveting in which the rivets in one row are set opposite the spaces between the rivets in the next row. — Double riveting, in lap riveting, two rows of rivets along the seam; in butt riveting, four rows, two on each side of the joint. — Lap riveting, riveting in which the ends or edges of plates overlap and are riveted together.

Rivière
Ri•vière", n. [F.] A necklace of diamonds or other precious stones, esp. one of several strings.

Rivose
Ri•vose´, a. [From L. rivus a brook, channel.] Marked with sinuate and irregular furrows.

Rivulet
Riv´u•let, n. [Earlier rivolet, It. rivoletto, a dim. fr. rivolo, L. rivulus, dim. of rivus a brook. CF. Rival, Rite.] A small stream or brook; a streamlet.
"By fountain or by shady rivulet He sought them." Milton.

Rixatrix
Rix•a´trix, n. [L.] (Old Eng. Law) A scolding or quarrelsome woman; a scold. Burrill.

Rixdaler
Rix´da•ler, n. A Dutch silver coin, worth about $1.00.

Rix-dollar
Rix´-dol•lar, n. [Sw. riksdaler, or Dan. rigsdaler, or D. rijksdaalder, or G. reichsthaler, literally, dollar of the empire or realm, fr. words akin to E. rich, and dollar. See Rich, Dollar.] A name given to several different silver coins of Denmark, Holland, Sweden,, NOrway, etc., varying in value from about 30 cents to $1.10; also a British coin worth about 36 cents, used in Ceylon and at the Cape of Good Hope. See Rigsdaler, Riksdaler, and Rixdaler. Most of these pieces are now no longer coined, but some remain in circulation.