Phacochere
Phac´o•chere, n. [Gr. a lentil seed, a wart + a pig.] (Zoöl.) The wart hog.

Phacoid
Pha´coid, a. [Gr. a lentil + -oid.] Resembling a lentil; lenticular.

Phacolite
Phac´o•lite, n. [Gr. lentil + -lite.] (Min.) A colorless variety of chabazite; the original was from Leipa, in Bohemia.

Phacops
Pha´cops, n. [NL., fr. Gr. a lentil +,, the eye.] (Paleon.) A genus of trilobites found in the Silurian and Devonian formations. Phacops bufo is one of the most common species.

Phaeacian
Phae•a´cian, a. Of or pertaining to the Phaeacians, a fabulous seafaring people fond of the feast, the lyre, and the dance, mentioned by Homer.

Phaenogam
Phae´no•gam, n. (Bot.) Any plant of the class Phaenogamia.

Phaenogamia
Phae•no•ga´mi•a, n. pl. [NL., fr. to show + marriage.] (Bot.) The class of flowering plants including all which have true flowers with distinct floral organs; phanerogamia. { Phae•no•ga´mi•an, Phae•no•gam´ic } a. Same as Phaenogamous.

Phaenomenon
Phae•nom´e•non, n. [L.] See Phenomenon.

Phaëthon
Pha"ë•thon, n. [L., Phaëthon (in sense 1), fr. Gr., fr.,, to shine. See Phantom.]
1. (Class. Myth.) The son of Helios (Phœbus), that is, the son of light, or of the sun. He is fabled to have obtained permission to drive the chariot of the sun, in doing which his want of skill would have set the world on fire, had he not been struck with a thunderbolt by Jupiter, and hurled headlong into the river Po.
2. (Zoöl.) A genus of oceanic birds including the tropic birds.

Phagedenous
Phag•e•de´nous, a. (Med.) Phagedenic.

Phagocyte
Phag´o•cyte, n. [Gr. to eat + a hollow vessel.] (Physiol.) A leucocyte which plays a part in retrogressive processes by taking up (eating), in the form of fine granules, the parts to be removed.

Phainopepla
Pha•i•no•pep´la, n. [NL., fr. Gr. shining + robe.] (Zoöl.) A small crested passerine bird ( Phaïnopepla nitens), native of Mexico and the Southern United States. The adult male is of a uniform glossy blue-black; the female is brownish. Called also black flycatcher.

Phakoscope
Phak´o•scope, n. [Gr. a lentil, or lenticular body + -scope.] (Physiol.) An instrument for studying the mechanism of accommodation.

Phalaena
Pha•lae´na, n. [NL., fr. Gr.,, a kind od moth.] (Zoöl.) A linnaean genus which included the moths in general.

Phalaenid
Pha•lae´nid, n. [Gr.,, a kind od moth.] (Zoöl.) Any moth of the family Phalaenidae, of which the cankerworms are examples; a geometrid. { Pha•lan´ge•al, Pha•lan´gal } a. Of or pertaining to the phalanges. See Phalanx, 2.

Phalangious
Pha•lan´gi•ous, a. [L. phalangium a kind of venomous spider, Gr., fr. a spider. Cf. Phalanx.] (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to Phalangoidea.

Phalangoidea
Phal•an•goi´de•a, n. pl. [NL., from Phalangium the daddy longlegs (see Phalangious) + Gr. form.] (Zoöl.) A division of Arachnoidea, including the daddy longlegs or harvestman ( Phalangium) and many similar kinds. They have long, slender, many-jointed legs; usually a rounded, segmented abdomen; and chelate jaws. They breathe by tracheae. Called also Phalangides, Phalangidea, Phalangiida, and Opilionea.

Phalansterian
Phal•an•ste´ri•an, a. [F. phalansterien, a. & n.] Of or pertaining to phalansterianism.

Phalansterian
Phal•an•ste´ri•an, n. One who favors the system of phalansteries proposed by Fourier. { Pha•lan´ster•ism, Phal•an•ste´ri•an•ism } n. A system of phalansteries proposed by Fourier; Fourierism.

Phalanstery
Phal´an•ster•y, n. ; pl. -ies (#). [F. phalanstère, fr. Gr. a phalanx + firm, solid.]
1. An association or community organized on the plan of Fourier. See Fourierism.
2. The dwelling house of a Fourierite community.

Phallic
Phal´lic, a. [Gr. .] Of or pertaining to the phallus, or to phallism.

Phallicism
Phal´li•cism, n. See Phallism.

Phallus
Phal´lus, n. ; pl. Phalli . [L., a phallus (in sense 1), Gr. .]
1. The emblem of the generative power in nature, carried in procession in the Bacchic orgies, or worshiped in various ways.
2. (Anat.) The penis or clitoris, or the embryonic or primitive organ from which either may be derived.
3. (Bot.) A genus of fungi which have a fetid and disgusting odor; the stinkhorn.

Phanar
Phan´ar, n. [Turk. fanar, fr. NGr. lighthouse, Gr. lantern; — from a lighthouse on a point projecting into the Golden Horn.] A quarter of Constantinople which, after the Turkish conquest of the city, became the chief Greek quarter; hence, the Greek officials of Turkey, or phanariots, as a class. { Pha•nar´i•ot, n. Also Pha•nar´i•ote }. [NGr., fr. Phanar. See Phanar.] One of the Greeks of Constantinople who after the Turkish conquest became powerful in clerical and other offices under Turkish patronage.

Phanerocarpae
Phan•er•o•car´pae, n. pl. [NL., from Gr. evident + fruit (but taken to mean, ovary).] (Zoöl.) Same as Acraspeda.

Phanerocrystalline
Phan•er•o•crys´tal•line, a. [Gr. visible + E. crystalline.] (Geol.) Distinctly crystalline; — used of rocks. Opposed to cryptocrystalline.

Phanerodactyla
Phan•er•o•dac´ty•la, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. evident + finger.] (Zoöl.) Same as Saururae.

Phanerogamian
Phan•er•o•ga´mi•an, a. (Bot.) Phanerogamous. { Phan•er•o•gam´ic, Phan•er•og´a•mous } a. Having visible flowers containing distinct stamens and pistils; — said of plants.

Phaneroglossal
Phan•er•o•glos´sal, a. [Gr. evident + tongue.] (Zoöl.)Having a conspicious tongue; — said of certain reptiles and insects.

Phantascope
Phan´ta•scope, n. [Gr. image + -scope.] An optical instrument or toy, resembling the phenakistoscope, and illustrating the same principle; — called also phantasmascope.

Phantasm
Phan´tasm, n. [L. phantasma. See Phantom, and cf. Fantasm.] [Spelt also fantasm.]
1. An image formed by the mind, and supposed to be real or material; a shadowy or airy appearance; sometimes, an optical illusion; a phantom; a dream.
"They be but phantasms or apparitions." Sir W. Raleigh.
2. A mental image or representation of a real object; a fancy; a notion. Cudworth.
"Figures or little features, of which the description had produced in you no phantasm or expectation." Jer. Taylor.

Phantasmagoria
Phan•tas•ma•go´ri•a, n. [NL., from Gr. a phantasm + an assembly, fr. to gather: cf. F. phantasmagorie.]
1. An optical effect produced by a magic lantern. The figures are painted in transparent colors, and all the rest of the glass is opaque black. The screen is between the spectators and the instrument, and the figures are often made to appear as in motion, or to merge into one another.
2. The apparatus by which such an effect is produced.
3. Fig.: A medley of figures; illusive images. "This mental phantasmagoria." Sir W. Scott.

Phantasmagorial
Phan•tas•ma•go´ri•al, a. Of, relating to, or resembling phantasmagoria; phantasmagoric.

Phantasmagoric
Phan•tas•ma•gor´ic, a. Of or pertaining to phantasmagoria; phantasmagorial. Hawthorne.

Phantasmagory
Phan•tas´ma•go•ry, n. See Phantasmagoria.

Phantasmascope
Phan•tas´ma•scope, n. See Phantascope.

Phantasmatography
Phan•tas•ma•tog´ra•phy, n. [Gr.,, phantasm + -graphy.] A description of celestial phenomena, as rainbows, etc. { Phan•tas´tic, Phan•tas´tic•al } a. See Fantastic.

Phantom circuit. (Elec.) The equivalent of an additional circuit or wire, in reality not existing, obtained by certain arrangements of real circuits, as in some multiplex telegraph systems.

Phantomatic
Phan•tom•at´ic, a. Phantasmal. [R.] Coleridge.

Pharaoh
Pha´raoh, n. [Heb. paroh; of Egyptian origin: cf. L. pharao, Gr. . Cf. Faro.]
1. A title by which the sovereigns of ancient Egypt were designated.
2. See Faro. Pharaoh’s chicken (Zoöl.), the gier-eagle, or Egyptian vulture; — so called because often sculpured on Egyptian monuments. It is nearly white in color. — Pharaoh’s rat (Zoöl.), the common ichneumon.

Phare, n. [See Pharos.]
1. A beacon tower; a lighthouse. [Obs.]
2. Hence, a harbor. Howell. { Phar•i•sa´ic (far•i•sa"ik), Phar•i•sa´ic•al (-i•k al), } a. [L. Pharisaicus, Gr. Farisai:ko•s: cf. F. pharisaïque. See Pharisee.]
1. Of or pertaining to the Pharisees; resembling the Pharisees. "The Pharisaic sect among the Jews." Cudworth.
2. Hence: Addicted to external forms and ceremonies; making a show of religion without the spirit of it; ceremonial; formal; hypocritical; self-righteous. "Excess of outward and pharisaical holiness." Bacon. "Pharisaical ostentation." Macaulay. — Phar•i•sa´ic•al•ly, adv. — Phar•i•sa´ic•al•ness, n.

Pharisean
Phar•i•se´an, a. [L. Pharisaeus, Gr. Farisai^os.] Following the practice of Pharisees; Pharisaic. [Obs.] "Pharisean disciples." Milton.

Pharisee
Phar´i•see (far"i•se), n. [L. Pharisaeus, Gr. Farisai^os, from Heb. parash to separate.] One of a sect or party among the Jews, noted for a strict and formal observance of rites and ceremonies and of the traditions of the elders, and whose pretensions to superior sanctity led them to separate themselves from the other Jews.

Phariseeism
Phar´i•see•ism, n. See Pharisaism. { Phar•ma•ceu´tic (fär•ma•su"tik), Phar•ma•ceu´tic•al (-ti•k al), } a. [L. pharmaceuticus, Gr. farmakeytiko•s, fr. farmakey•ein: cf. F. pharmaceutique. See Pharmacy.] Of or pertaining to the knowledge or art of pharmacy, or to the art of preparing medicines according to the rules or formulas of pharmacy; as pharmaceutical preparations. — Phar•ma•ceu´tic•al•ly, adv. Pharmaceutical chemistry, that department of chemistry which ascertains or regulates the composition of medicinal substances.

Pharmaceutist
Phar•ma•ceu´tist, n. One skilled in pharmacy; a druggist. See the Note under Apothecary.

Pharmacodymanics
Phar•ma•co•dy•man´ics, n. [Gr. drug + E. dynamics.] That branch of pharmacology which treats of the action and the effects of medicines.

Pharmacodynamics
Phar•ma•co•dy•nam´ics, n. [Gr. fa•rmakon medicine + E. dynamics.] That branch of pharmacology which considers the mode of action, and the effects, of medicines. Dunglison.

Pharmacognosis
Phar•ma•cog•no´sis, n. [Gr. fa•rmakon a drug + gnw^sis a knowing.] That branch of pharmacology which treats of unprepared medicines or simples; — called also pharmacography, and pharmacomathy.

Pharmacognosy
Phar•ma•cog´no•sy, n. Pharmacognosis.

Pharmacography
Phar•ma•cog´ra•phy, n. [Gr. fa•rmakon a drug + -graphy.] See Pharmacognosis.

Pharmacologist
Phar•ma•col´o•gist, n. [Cf. F. pharmacologiste.] One skilled in pharmacology.

Pharmacology
Phar•ma•col´o•gy, n. [Gr. fa•rmakon drug + -logy: cf. F. pharmacologie.]
1. Knowledge of drugs or medicines; the art of preparing medicines.
2. A treatise on the art of preparing medicines.

Pharmacomathy
Phar•ma•com´a•thy, n. [Gr. fa•rmakon a drug + manqa•nein to learn.] See Pharmacognosis.

Pharmacopœia
Phar•ma•co•pœ"ia, n. [NL., from Gr. farmakopoii:•a the preparation of medicines; fa•rmakon medicine + poiei^n to make.]
1. A book or treatise describing the drugs, preparations, etc., used in medicine; especially, one that is issued by official authority and considered as an authoritative standard.
2. A chemical laboratory. [Obs.] Dunglison.

Pharmacopolist
Phar•ma•cop´o•list, n. [L. pharmacopola, Gr. farmakopw•lhs; fa•rmakon medicine + pwlei^n to sell.] One who sells medicines; an apothecary.

Pharmacosiderite
Phar•ma•co•sid´er•ite, n. [Gr. drug, poison + E. siderite.] (Min.) A hydrous arsenate of iron occurring in green or yellowish green cubic crystals; cube ore.

Pharmacy
Phar´ma•cy, n. [OE. fermacie, OF. farmacie, pharmacie, F. pharmacie, Gr., fr. to administer or use medicines, fr. medicine.]
1. The art or practice of preparing and preserving drugs, and of compounding and dispensing medicines according to prescriptions of physicians; the occupation of an apothecary or a pharmaceutical chemist.
2. A place where medicines are compounded; a drug store; an apothecary’s shop.

Pharo
Pha´ro, n.
1. A pharos; a lighthouse. [Obs.]
2. See Faro.

Pharos
Pha´ros, n. [L., fr. Gr., fr. an island in the Bay of Alexandria, where king Ptolemy Philadelphus built a famous lighthouse.] A lighthouse or beacon for the guidance of seamen.
"He … built a pharos, or lighthouse." Arbuthnot.

Pharyngal
Pha•ryn´gal, a. Pharyngeal. H. Sweet.

Pharyngeal
Phar•yn•ge´al, a. [See Pharynx.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the pharynx; in the region of the pharynx.

Pharyngeal
Phar•yn•ge´al, n. (Anat.) A pharyngeal bone or cartilage; especially, one of the lower pharyngeals, which belong to the rudimentary fifth branchial arch in many fishes, or one of the upper pharyngeals, or pharyngobranchials, which are the dorsal elements in the complete branchial arches.

Pharyngitis
Phar•yn•gi´tis, n. [NL. See Pharynx, and -itis.] (Med.) Inflammation of the pharynx.

Pharyngopneusta
Pha•ryn•gop•neus´ta, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. the pharynx + to breathe.] (Zoöl.) A group of invertebrates including the Tunicata and Enteropneusta. — Pha•ryn•gop•neus´tal (#), a.

Pharyngotome
Pha•ryn´go•tome, n. (Surg.) An instrument for incising or scarifying the tonsils, etc.

Pharyngotomy
Phar•yn•got´o•my, n. [ Pharynx + Gr. to cut: cf. F. pharyngotomie.] (Surg.) (a) The operation of making an incision into the pharynx, to remove a tumor or anything that obstructs the passage. (b) Scarification or incision of the tonsils.

Pharynx
Phar´ynx, n. ; pl. pharynges (#). [NL., fr. Gr., : cf. F. pharynx.] (Anat.) The part of the alimentary canal between the cavity of the mouth and the esophagus. It has one or two external openings through the nose in the higher vertebrates, and lateral branchial openings in fishes and some amphibias.

Phascolome
Phas´co•lome, n. [Gr. pouch + mouse.] (Zoöl.) A marsupial of the genus Phascolomys; a wombat.

Phase, n. ; pl. Phases (#). [NL. phasis, Gr., fr. to make to appear: cf. F. phase. See Phenomenon, Phantom, and Emphasis.]
1. That which is exhibited to the eye; the appearance which anything manifests, especially any one among different and varying appearances of the same object.
2. Any appearance or aspect of an object of mental apprehension or view; as the problem has many phases.
3. (Astron.) A particular appearance or state in a regularly recurring cycle of changes with respect to quantity of illumination or form of enlightened disk; as the phases of the moon or planets. See Illust. under Moon.
4. (Physics) Any one point or portion in a recurring series of changes, as in the changes of motion of one of the particles constituting a wave or vibration; one portion of a series of such changes, in distinction from a contrasted portion, as the portion on one side of a position of equilibrium, in contrast with that on the opposite side.

Phase, n.
1. (Phys. Chem.) A homogenous, physically distinct portion of matter in a system not homogeneous; as the three phases, ice, water, and aqueous vapor. A phase may be either a single chemical substance or a mixture, as of gases.
2. (Zoöl.) In certain birds and mammals, one of two or more color variations characteristic of the species, but independent of the ordinary seasonal and sexual differences, and often also of age. Some of the herons which appear in white and colored phases, and certain squirrels which are sometimes uniformly blackish instead of the usual coloration, furnish examples. Color phases occur also in other animals, notably in butterflies.
3. (Elec.) The relation at any instant of a periodically varying electric magnitude, as electro-motive force, a current, etc., to its initial value as expressed in factorial parts of the complete cycle. It is usually expressed in angular measure, the cycle beb four right angles, or 360°. Such periodic variations are generally well represented by sine curves; and phase relations are shown by the relative positions of the crests and hollows of such curves. Magnitudes which have the same phase are said to be in phase.

Phase, v. t. [Cf. Feeze.] To disturb the composure of; to disconcert; to nonplus. [Colloq.]

Phase converter. (Elec.) A machine for converting an alternating current into an alternating current of a different number of phases and the same frequency.

Phase displacement. (Elec.) A charge of phase whereby an alternating current attains its maximum later or earlier. An inductance would cause a lag, a capacity would cause an advance, in phase. { Phase meter, or Phase´me•ter }, n. (Elec.) A device for measuring the difference in phase of two alternating currents of electromotive forces.

Phase rule. (Phys. Chem.) A generalization with regard to systems of chemical equilibrium, discovered by Prof. J. Willard Gibbs. It may be stated thus: The degree of variableness (number of degrees of freedom) of a system is equal to the number of components minus the number of phases, plus two. Thus, if the components be salt and water, and the phases salt, ice, saturated solution, and vapor, the system is invariant, that is, there is only one set of conditions under which these four phases can exist in equilibrium. If only three phases be considered, the system is univariant, that is, the fixing of one condition, as temperature, determines the others.

Phase splitter. (Elec.) A device by which a single-phase current is split into two or more currents differing in phase. It is used in starting single-phase induction motors.

Phase splitting. (Elec.) The dephasing of the two parts of a single alternating current in two dissimilar branches of a given circuit.

Phasel
Pha´sel, n. [L. phaselus, phaseolus, Gr., : cf. F. phaseole, faseole. Cf. Fesels.] The French bean, or kidney bean.

Phaseolus
Pha•se´o•lus, n. [L.] (Bot.) A genus of leguminous plants, including the Lima bean, the kidney bean, the scarlet runner, etc. See Bean.

Phasing current. The momentary current between two alternating-current generators when juxtaposed in parallel and not agreeing exactly in phase or period.

Phasing transformer. Any of several transformers (there must be at least two) for changing phase. { Phe•nac´e•tin, Phe•nac´e•tine }, n. [ Phenyl + acetic + -in.] (Pharm.) A white, crystalline compound, C₁₀H₁₃O₂N, used in medicine principally as an antipyretic.

Phasis
Pha´sis, n. ; pl. Phases (#). [NL.] See Phase. Creech. { Phasm, Phas´ma } n. [L. phasma, Gr. . See Phase.] An apparition; a phantom; an appearance. [R.] Hammond. Sir T. Herbert.

Phatagin
Phat´a•gin, n. [Cf. Gr. ; perhaps from native name.] (Zoöl.) The long-tailed pangolin ( Manis tetradactyla); — called also ipi.

Pheasant
Pheas´ant, n. [OE. fesant, fesaunt, OF. faisant, faisan, F. faisan, L. phasianus, Gr. (sc. ) the Phasian bird, pheasant, fr. a river in Colchis or Pontus.]
1. (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of large gallinaceous birds of the genus Phasianus, and many other genera of the family Phasianidae, found chiefly in Asia. The common, or English,pheasant ( Phasianus Colchicus) is now found over most of temperate Europe, but was introduced from Asia. The ring-necked pheasant ( P. torquatus) and the green pheasant ( P. versicolor) have been introduced into Oregon. The golden pheasant ( Thaumalea picta) is one of the most beautiful species. The silver pheasant ( Euplocamus nychthemerus) of China, and several related species from Southern Asia, are very beautiful.
2. (Zoöl.) The ruffed grouse. [Southern U.S.] Various other birds are locally called pheasants, as the lyre bird, the leipoa, etc. Fireback pheasant. See Fireback. — Gold, or Golden, pheasant (Zoöl.), a Chinese pheasant ( Thaumalea picta), having rich, varied colors. The crest is amber-colored, the rump is golden yellow, and the under parts are scarlet. — Mountain pheasant (Zoöl.), the ruffed grouse. [Local, U.S.] — Pheasant coucal (Zoöl.), a large Australian cuckoo ( Centropus phasianus). The general color is black, with chestnut wings and brown tail. Called also pheasant cuckoo. The name is also applied to other allied species. — Pheasant duck. (Zoöl.) (a) The pintail. (b) The hooded merganser. — Pheasant parrot (Zoöl.), a large and beautiful Australian parrakeet ( Platycercus Adelaidensis). The male has the back black, the feathers margined with yellowish blue and scarlet, the quills deep blue, the wing coverts and cheeks light blue, the crown, sides of the neck, breast, and middle of the belly scarlet. — Pheasant’s eye. (Bot.) (a) A red-flowered herb ( Adonis autumnalis) of the Crowfoot family; — called also pheasant’s-eye Adonis. (b) The garden pink ( Dianthus plumarius); - - called also Pheasant’s-eye pink. — Pheasant shell (Zoöl.), any marine univalve shell of the genus Phasianella, of which numerous species are found in tropical seas. The shell is smooth and usually richly colored, the colors often forming blotches like those of a pheasant. — Pheasant wood. (Bot.) Same as Partridge wood (a), under Partridge. — Sea pheasant (Zoöl.), the pintail. — Water pheasant. (Zoöl.) (a) The sheldrake. (b) The hooded merganser.

Phebe
Phe´be, n. (Zoöl.) See Phœbe.

Phellogen
Phel´lo•gen, n. [Gr. cork + - gen.] (Bot.) The tissue of young cells which produces cork cells.

Phelloplastics
Phel•lo•plas´tics, n. [Gr. cork + to mold.] Art of modeling in cork.

Phenacite
Phen´a•cite, n. [Gr.,, impostor, deceiver.] (Min.) A glassy colorless mineral occurring in rhombohedral crystals, sometimes used as a gem. It is a silicate of glucina, and receives its name from its deceptive similarity to quartz.

Phenakistoscope
Phen•a•kis´to•scope, n. [Gr. a deceiver + -scope.] A revolving disk on which figures drawn in different relative attitudes are seen successively, so as to produce the appearance of an object in actual motion, as an animal leaping, etc., in consequence of the persistence of the successive visual impressions of the retina. It is often arranged so that the figures may be projected upon a screen.

Phenalgin
Phe•nal´gin, n. [ Phenyl + an algetic + -in.] (Pharm.) An ammoniated compound of phenyl and acetamide, used as an analgesic and antipyretic. It resembles phenacetin in its therapeutic action.

Phenanthrene
Phe•nan´threne, n. [ Phenyl + antrac ene.] (Chem.) A complex hydrocarbon, C₁₄H₁₀, found in coal tar, and obtained as a white crystalline substance with a bluish fluorescence.

Phenanthridine
Phe•nan´thri•dine, n. [ Phenanthrene + pyr idine.] (Chem.) A nitrogenous hydrocarbon base, C₁₃H₉N, analogous to phenanthrene and quinoline.

Phenanthroline
Phe•nan´thro•line, n. [ Phenanthrene + quin oline.] (Chem.) Either of two metameric nitrogenous hydrocarbon bases, C₁₂H₈N₂, analogous to phenanthridine, but more highly nitrogenized.

Phene, n. (Chem.) Benzene. [Obs.]

Phenetol
Phe´ne•tol, n. [ Phenyl + ethyl + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.) The ethyl ether of phenol, obtained as an aromatic liquid, C₆H₅.O.C₂H₅.

Phenic
Phe´nic, a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, derived from, or resembling, phenyl or phenol. Phenic acid (Chem.), a phenol. [Obsoles.]

Phenician
Phe•ni´cian, a. & n. See Phœnician.

Phenicious
Phe•ni´cious, a. [L. phoeniceus, Gr. foini•keos, from purple red.] Of a red color with a slight mixture of gray. Dana.

Phenicopter
Phen•i•cop´ter, n. [L. phoenicopterus, Gr. foiniko•pteros, i. e., red- feathered; foi^nix, foi•nikos, purple red + ptero•n feather: cf. F. phenicoptère.] (Zoöl.) A flamingo.

Phenix
Phe´nix, n. ; pl. Phenixes (#). [L. phoenix, Gr. foi^nix.] [Written also phœnix.]
1. (Gr. Myth.) A bird fabled to exist single, to be consumed by fire by its own act, and to rise again from its ashes. Hence, an emblem of immortality.
2. (Astron.) A southern constellation.
3. A marvelous person or thing. [R.] Latimer.

Phenocryst
Phe´no•cryst, n. [Gr. to appear + crystal.] (Geol.) One of the prominent embedded crystals of a porphyry.

Phenogamia
Phen•o•ga´mi•a, n. pl. (Bot.) Same as Phaenogamia. { Phen•o•ga´mi•an, Phen•o•gam´ic, Phe•nog´a•mous }, a. Same as Phaenogamian, Phaenogamic, etc.

Phenology
Phe•nol´o•gy, n. [Contracted from Phenomenology.] (Biol.) The science of the relations between climate and periodic biological phenomena, as the migrations and breeding of birds, the flowering and fruiting of plants, etc. — Phe•no•log´ic•al (#), a. — Phe•no•log´ic•al•ly, adv. — Phe•nol´o•gist (#), n.

Phenomenal
Phe•nom´e•nal, a. [Cf. F. phenomenal.] Relating to, or of the nature of, a phenomenon; hence, extraordinary; wonderful; as a phenomenal memory. — Phe•nom´e•nal•ly, adv.

Phenomenalism
Phe•nom´e•nal•ism, n. (Metaph.) That theory which limits positive or scientific knowledge to phenomena only, whether material or spiritual.

Phenomenist
Phe•nom´e•nist, n. One who believes in the theory of phenomenalism.

Phenomenology
Phe•nom•e•nol´o•gy, n. [ Phenomenon + -logy: cf. F. phenomenologie.] A description, history, or explanation of phenomena. "The phenomenology of the mind." Sir W. Hamilton.

Phenomenon
Phe•nom´e•non, n. ; pl. Phenomena (#). [L. phaenomenon, Gr. faino•menon, fr. fai•nesqai to appear, fai•nein to show. See Phantom.]
1. An appearance; anything visible; whatever, in matter or spirit, is apparent to, or is apprehended by, observation; as the phenomena of heat, light, or electricity; phenomena of imagination or memory.
"In the phenomena of the material world, and in many of the phenomena of mind." Stewart.
2. That which strikes one as strange, unusual, or unaccountable; an extraordinary or very remarkable person, thing, or occurrence; as a musical phenomenon.

Phenyl
Phe´nyl, n. [Gr. to bring to light + -yl: cf. F. phenyle. So called because it is a by-product of illuminating gas.] (Chem.) A hydrocarbon radical (C₆H₅) regarded as the essential residue of benzene, and the basis of an immense number of aromatic derivatives. Phenyl hydrate (Chem.), phenol or carbolic acid. — Phenyl hydrazine (Chem.), a nitrogenous base (C₆H₅.N₂H₃) produced artificially as a colorless oil which unites with acids, ketones, etc., to form well-crystallized compounds.

Phenylamine
Phe•nyl•am´ine, n. [ Phenyl + amine.] (Chem.) Any one of certain class of organic bases regarded as formed from ammonia by the substitution of phenyl for hydrogen.

Phenylene
Phe´nyl•ene, n. (Chem.) A hypothetic radical (C₆H₄) occurring in certain derivatives of benzene; as phenylene diamine.

Phenylic
Phe•nyl´ic, a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, phenyl. Phenylic alcohol (Chem.), phenol.

Pheon
Phe´on, n. [Prob. from Old French.] (Her.) A bearing representing the head of a dart or javelin, with long barbs which are engrailed on the inner edge.

Phial
Phi´al, n. [F. fiole, L. phiala a broad, flat, shallow cup or bowl, Gr. . cf. Vial.] A glass vessel or bottle, especially a small bottle for medicines; a vial.

Phial
Phi´al, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Phialed p. pr. & vb. n. Phialing.] To put or keep in, or as in, a phial.
"Its phial’d wrath may fate exhaust." Shenstone.

Philalethist
Phil•a•le´thist, n. [ Philo- + Gr. truth.] A lover of the truth. [Obs.] Brathwait.

Philander
Phi•lan´der, v. i. [Gr. fond of men; loving + man.] To make love to women; to play the male flirt.
"You can’t go philandering after her again." G. Eliot.

Philander
Phi•lan´der, n. A lover. [R.] Congreve.

Philander
Phi•lan´der, n. (Zoöl.) (a) A South American opossum ( Didelphys philander). (b) An Australian bandicoot ( Perameles lagotis).

Philanderer
Phi•lan´der•er, n. One who hangs about women; a male flirt. [R.] C. Kingsley.

Philanthrope
Phil´an•thrope, n. [F.] A philanthropist. [Obs.] R. North. { Phil•an•throp´ic, Phil•an•throp´ic•al, } a. [Cf. F. philanthropique.] Of or pertaining to philanthropy; characterized by philanthropy; loving or helping mankind; as a philanthropic enterprise. — Phil•an•throp´ic•al•ly, adv.

Philanthropinism
Phil•an•throp´i•nism, n. A system of education on so-called natural principles, attempted in Germany in the last century by Basedow, of Dessau.

Philanthropinist
Phil•an•throp´i•nist, n. An advocate of, or believer in, philanthropinism.

Philanthropist
Phi•lan´thro•pist, n. [Gr. ; loving + man: cf. F. philanthrope.] One who practices philanthropy; one who loves mankind, and seeks to promote the good of others.

Philanthropistic
Phi•lan•thro•pis´tic, a. Pertaining to, or characteristic of, a philanthropist. [R.] Carlyle.

Philanthropy
Phi•lan´thro•py, n. [L. philanthropia, Gr. : cf. F. philanthropie.] Love to mankind; benevolence toward the whole human family; universal good will; desire and readiness to do good to all men; — opposed to misanthropy. Jer. Taylor.

Philatelic
Phil•a•tel´ic, a. Of or pertaining to philately.

Philatelist
Phi•lat´e•list, n. One versed in philately; one who collects postage stamps.

Philately
Phi•lat´e•ly, n. [ Philo- + Gr. exemption from tax; cf. frank to send free.] The collection of postage stamps of various issues.

Philathea
Phi•la´the•a, n. [Coined from Gr. loving + truth.] An international, interdenominational organization of Bible classes of young women.

Philatory
Phil´a•to•ry, n. [OF. filatiere, philatiere. See Phylactery.] (Eccl.) A kind of transparent reliquary with an ornamental top.

Philharmonic
Phil•har•mon´ic, a. [ Philo- + Gr. harmony: cf. F. philharmonique.] Loving harmony or music.

Philharmonic
Phil•har•mon´ic, n. One who loves harmony or music; also (Colloq.), short for Philharmonic Society, concert, assemblage, or the like.

Philhellene
Phil•hel´lene, n. A friend of Greece, or of the Greeks; a philhellenist. Emerson.

Philhellenic
Phil•hel•len´ic, a. Of or pertaining to philhellenism.

Philhellenism
Phil•hel´len•ism, n. Love of Greece.

Philhellenist
Phil•hel´len•ist, n. [ Philo- + Gr. a Greek: cf. F. philhellène.] A friend of Greece; one who supports the cause of the Greeks; particularly, one who supported them in their struggle for independence against the Turks; a philhellene.

Philibeg
Phil´i•beg, n. See Filibeg. [Scot.]

Philippian
Phi•lip´pi•an, a. Of or pertaining to Philippi, a city of ancient Macedonia. — n. A native or an inhabitant of Philippi.

Philippic
Phi•lip´pic, n. [L. Philippicus belonging to Philip, Philippic, Gr., fr. Philip, fond of horses: cf. F. philippique.]
1. Any one of the series of famous orations of Demosthenes, the Grecian orator, denouncing Philip, king of Macedon.
2. Hence: Any discourse or declamation abounding in acrimonious invective.

Philippium
Phi•lip´pi•um, n. [NL. So named from Philippe Plantamour, of Geneva, Switzerland.] (Chem.) A rare and doubtful metallic element said to have been discovered in the mineral samarskite.

Philippize
Phil´ip•pize, v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Philippized p. pr. & vb. n. Philippizing.] [Gr. to be on Philip’s side.]
1. To support or advocate the cause of Philip of Macedon.
2. [See Philippic.] To write or speak in the style of a philippic.

Philistine
Phi•lis´tine, n. [L. Philistinus, Heb. Phlishthi, pl. Phlishthim.]
1. A native or an inhabitant of ancient Philistia, a coast region of southern Palestine.
2. A bailiff. [Cant, Eng.] [Obs.] Swift.
3. A person deficient in liberal culture and refinement; one without appreciation of the nobler aspirations and sentiments of humanity; one whose scope is limited to selfish and material interests. [Recent] M. Arnold.

Philistine
Phi•lis´tine, a.
1. Of or pertaining to the Philistines.
2. Uncultured; commonplace.

Philistinism
Phi•lis´tin•ism, n. The condition, character, aims, and habits of the class called Philistines. See Philistine, 3. [Recent] Carlyle.
"On the side of beauty and taste, vulgarity; on the side of morals and feeling, coarseness; on the side of mind and spirit, unintelligence, — this is Philistinism." M. Arnold.

Phillygenin
Phil•lyg´e•nin, n. [ Phillyrin + -gen + -in.] (Chem.) A pearly crystalline substance obtained by the decomposition of phillyrin.

Phillyrea
Phil•lyr´e•a, n. [NL., fr. Gr., .] (Bot.) A genus of evergreen plants growing along the shores of the Mediterranean, and breading a fruit resembling that of the olive.

Phillyrin
Phil´ly•rin, n. (Chem.) A glucoside extracted from Phillyrea as a bitter white crystalline substance. It is sometimes used as a febrifuge.

Philo-. A combining form from Gr. fi•los loving, fond of, attached to; as philosophy, philotechnic.

Philogynist
Phi•log´y•nist, n. [See Philogyny.] A lover or friend of women; one who esteems woman as the higher type of humanity; — opposed to misogynist.

Philohellenian
Phil•o•hel•le´ni•an, n. A philhellenist.

Philologer
Phi•lol´o•ger, n. [Cf. L. philologus a man of letters, Gr., originally, fond of talking; hence, fond of learning and literature; loving + speech, discourse.] A philologist. Burton.

Philologian
Phil•o•lo´gi•an, n. A philologist. [R.] { Phil•o•log´ic•al, Phil•o•log´ic } a. [Cf. F. philologique.] Of or pertaining to philology. — Phil•o•log´ic•al•ly, adv.

Philologist
Phi•lol´o•gist, n. One versed in philology.

Philologize
Phi•lol´o•gize, v. i. To study, or make critical comments on, language. Evelyn.

Philologue
Phil´o•logue, n. [Cf. F. philologue.] A philologist. [R.] Carlyle.

Philology
Phi•lol´o•gy, n. [L. philologia love of learning, interpretation, philology, Gr. : cf. F. philologie. See Philologer.]
1. Criticism; grammatical learning. [R.] Johnson.
2. The study of language, especially in a philosophical manner and as a science; the investigation of the laws of human speech, the relation of different tongues to one another, and historical development of languages; linguistic science. Philology comprehends a knowledge of the etymology, or origin and combination of words; grammar, the construction of sentences, or use of words in language; criticism, the interpretation of authors, the affinities of different languages, and whatever relates to the history or present state of languages. It sometimes includes rhetoric, poetry, history, and antiquities.
3. A treatise on the science of language.

Philomathematic
Phil•o•math•e•mat´ic, n. A philomath.

Philomathic
Phil•o•math´ic, a. [Cf. F. philomathique.]
1. Of or pertaining to philomathy.
2. Having love of learning or letters.

Philomathy
Phi•lom´a•thy, n. [Gr., .] The love of learning or letters.

Philomel
Phil´o•mel, n. Same as Philomela, the nightingale. [Poetic] Milton. Cowper.

Philomene
Phil´o•mene, n. The nightingale. [Obs.]

Philomot
Phil´o•mot, a. [See Filemot.] Of the color of a dead leaf. [Obs.] Addison.

Philopena
Phil•o•pe´na, n. [Probably a corruption fr. G. vielliebchen, LG. vielliebken, or D. veelliebken, a philopena, literally, much loved; but influenced by Gr. a friend, and L. poena penalty, from an idea that the gift was a penalty of friendship or love.] A present or gift which is made as a forfeit in a social game that is played in various ways; also the game itself. [Written also fillipeen and phillippine.] One of the ways may be stated as follows: A person finding a nut with two kernels eats one, and gives the other to a person of the opposite sex, and then whichever says philopena first at the next meeting wins the present. The name is also applied to the kernels eaten. { Phil•o•po•lem´ic, Phil•o•po•lem´ic•al, } a. [Gr. fond of war, warlike; loving + war.] Fond of polemics or controversy. [R.]

Philoprogenitive
Phil•o•pro•gen´i•tive, a. Having the love of offspring; fond of children.

Philoprogenitiveness
Phil•o•pro•gen´i•tive•ness, n. [ Philo- + L. progenies offspring.] (Phren.) The love of offspring; fondness for children.

Philosophaster
Phi•los´o•phas•ter, n. [L., a bad philosopher, fr. philosophus: cf. OF. philosophastre.] A pretender to philosophy. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.

Philosophate
Phi•los´o•phate, v. i. [L. philosophatus, p. p. of philosophari to philosophize.] To play the philosopher; to moralize. [Obs.] Barrow.

Philosophation
Phi•los•o•pha´tion, n. Philosophical speculation and discussion. [Obs.] Sir W. Petty.

Philosophe
Phil´o•sophe, n. [F., a philosopher.] A philosophaster; a philosopher. [R.] Carlyle.

Philosopheme
Phi•los´o•pheme, n. [Gr., from to love knowledge.] A philosophical proposition, doctrine, or principle of reasoning. [R.]
"This, the most venerable, and perhaps the most ancient, of Grecian myths, is a philosopheme." Coleridge.

Philosopher
Phi•los´o•pher, n. [OE. philosophre, F. philosophe, L. philosophus, Gr. ; loving + wise. Cf. Philosophy.]
1. One who philosophizes; one versed in, or devoted to, philosophy.
"Then certain philosophers of the Epicureans, and of the Stoics, encountered him." Acts xvii. 18.
2. One who reduces the principles of philosophy to practice in the conduct of life; one who lives according to the rules of practical wisdom; one who meets or regards all vicissitudes with calmness.
3. An alchemist. [Obs.] Chaucer. Philosopher’s stone, an imaginary stone which the alchemists formerly sought as instrument of converting the baser metals into gold. { Phil•o•soph´ic, Phil•o•soph´ic•al } a. [L. philosophicus: cf. F. philosophique.] Of or pertaining to philosophy; versed in, or imbued with, the principles of philosophy; hence, characterizing a philosopher; rational; wise; temperate; calm; cool. — Phil•o•soph´ic•al•ly, adv.

Philosophist
Phi•los´o•phist, n. [Cf. F. philosophiste.] A pretender in philosophy. { Phi•los•o•phis´tic, Phi•los•o•phis´tic•al } a. Of or pertaining to the love or practice of sophistry. [R.]

Philosophize
Phi•los´o•phize, v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Philosophized p. pr. & vb. n. Philosophizing ] To reason like a philosopher; to search into the reason and nature of things; to investigate phenomena, and assign rational causes for their existence.
"Man philosophizes as he lives. He may philosophize well or ill, but philosophize he must." Sir W. Hamilton.

Philosophy
Phi•los´o•phy, n. ; pl. Philosophies (#). [OE. philosophie, F. philosophie, L. philosophia, from Gr. . See Philosopher.]
1. Literally, the love of, including the search after, wisdom; in actual usage, the knowledge of phenomena as explained by, and resolved into, causes and reasons, powers and laws. When applied to any particular department of knowledge, philosophy denotes the general laws or principles under which all the subordinate phenomena or facts relating to that subject are comprehended. Thus philosophy, when applied to God and the divine government, is called theology; when applied to material objects, it is called physics; when it treats of man, it is called anthropology and psychology, with which are connected logic and ethics; when it treats of the necessary conceptions and relations by which philosophy is possible, it is called metaphysics. "Philosophy has been defined: tionscience of things divine and human, and the causes in which they are contained; — the science of effects by their causes; — the science of sufficient reasons; — the science of things possible, inasmuch as they are possible; — the science of things evidently deduced from first principles; — the science of truths sensible and abstract; — the application of reason to its legitimate objects; — the science of the relations of all knowledge to the necessary ends of human reason; — the science of the original form of the ego, or mental self; — the science of science; — the science of the absolute; — the scienceof the absolute indifference of the ideal and real." Sir W. Hamilton.
2. A particular philosophical system or theory; the hypothesis by which particular phenomena are explained.
"[Books] of Aristotle and his philosophie." Chaucer.
"We shall in vain interpret their words by the notions of our philosophy and the doctrines in our school." Locke.
3. Practical wisdom; calmness of temper and judgment; equanimity; fortitude; stoicism; as to meet misfortune with philosophy.
"Then had he spent all his philosophy." Chaucer.
4. Reasoning; argumentation.
"Of good and evil much they argued then, … Vain wisdom all, and false philosophy." Milton.
5. The course of sciences read in the schools. Johnson.
6. A treatise on philosophy. Philosophy of the Academy, that of Plato, who taught his disciples in a grove in Athens called the Academy. — Philosophy of the Garden, that of Epicurus, who taught in a garden in Athens. — Philosophy of the Lyceum, that of Aristotle, the founder of the Peripatetic school, who delivered his lectures in the Lyceum at Athens. — Philosophy of the Porch, that of Zeno and the Stoics; — so called because Zeno of Citium and his successors taught in the porch of the Poicile, a great hall in Athens.

Philter
Phil´ter, n. [F. philtre, L. philtrum, Gr., fr. to love, dear, loving.] A potion or charm intended to excite the passion of love. [Written also philtre.] Addison.

Philter
Phil´ter, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Philtered p. pr. & vb. n. Philtering.]
1. To impregnate or mix with a love potion; as to philter a draught.
2. To charm to love; to excite to love or sexual desire by a potion. Gov. of Tongue.

Phitoness
Phi´ton•ess, n. Pythoness; witch. [Obs.]

Phiz, n. ; pl. Phizes (#). [Contr. fr. physiognomy.] The face or visage. [Colloq.] Cowper.

Phlebitis
Phle•bi´tis, n. [NL., fr. Gr.,, a vein + -itis.] (Med.) Inflammation of a vein.

Phlebogram
Phleb´o•gram, n. [Gr., + -gram.] (Physiol.) A tracing (with the sphygmograph) of the movements of a vein, or of the venous pulse. { Phleb´o•lite, Phleb´o•lith } n. [Gr.,, a vein + -lite, - lith.] (Med.) A small calcareous concretion formed in a vein; a vein stone.

Phlebology
Phle•bol´o•gy, n. [Gr.,, a vein + -logy.] A branch of anatomy which treats of the veins.

Phlebotomist
Phle•bot´o•mist, n. [Cf. F. phlebotomiste.] (Med.) One who practiced phlebotomy.

Phlebotomize
Phle•bot´o•mize, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Phlebotomized p. pr. & vb. n. Phlebotomizing ] [Cf. F. phlebotomiser.] To let blood from by opening a vein; to bleed. [R.] Howell.

Phlegm, n. [F. phlegme, flegme, L. phlegma, fr. Gr. a flame, inflammation, phlegm, a morbid, clammy humor in the body, fr. to burn. Cf. Phlox, Flagrant, Flame, Bleak, a. , and Fluminate.]
1. One of the four humors of which the ancients supposed the blood to be composed. See Humor. Arbuthnot.
2. (Physiol.) Viscid mucus secreted in abnormal quantity in the respiratory and digestive passages.
3. (Old Chem.) A watery distilled liquor, in distinction from a spirituous liquor. Crabb.
4. Sluggishness of temperament; dullness; want of interest; indifference; coldness.
"They judge with fury, but they write with phlegm." Pope.

Phlegmasia
Phleg•ma´si•a, n. [NL., from Gr. . See Phlegm.] (Med.) An inflammation; more particularly, an inflammation of the internal organs. Phlegmasia dolens (do"lenz) [NL.], milk leg.

Phlegmatically
Phleg•mat´ic•al•ly, adv. In a phlegmatic manner.

Phlegmaticly
Phleg•mat´ic•ly, a. Phlegmatically. [Obs.]

Phlegmon
Phleg´mon, n. [L. phlegmone, phlegmon, inflammation beneath the skin, Gr., fr. to burn: cf. F. phlegmon.] (Med.) Purulent inflammation of the cellular or areolar tissue.

Phlegmonous
Phleg´mon•ous, a. [Cf. F. phlegmoneux.] Having the nature or properties of phlegmon; as phlegmonous pneumonia. Harvey.

Phleme, n. (Surg. & Far.) See Fleam.

Phloëm
Phlo"ëm, n. [Gr. bark.] (Bot.) That portion of fibrovascular bundles which corresponds to the inner bark; the liber tissue; — distinguished from xylem.

Phlogistian
Phlo•gis´tian, n. A believer in the existence of phlogiston.

Phlogistic
Phlo•gis´tic, a.
1. (Old Chem.) Of or pertaining to phlogiston, or to belief in its existence.
2. (Med.) Inflammatory; belonging to inflammations and fevers.

Phlogistical
Phlo•gis´tic•al, a. (Old Chem.) Phlogistic.

Phlogisticate
Phlo•gis´ti•cate, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Phlogisticated p. pr. & vb. n. Phlogisticating.] (Old Chem.) To combine phlogiston with; — usually in the form and sense of the p. p. or the adj. ; as highly phlogisticated substances.

Phlogiston
Phlo•gis´ton, n. [NL., fr. Gr. burnt, set on fire, fr. to set on fire, to burn, fr.,, a flame, blaze. See Phlox.] (Old Chem.) The hypothetical principle of fire, or inflammability, regarded by Stahl as a chemical element. This was supposed to be united with combustible ( phlogisticated) bodies and to be separated from incombustible ( dephlogisticated) bodies, the phenomena of flame and burning being the escape of phlogiston. Soot and sulphur were regarded as nearly pure phlogiston. The essential principle of this theory was that combustion was a decomposition rather than the union and combination which it has since been shown to be.

Phlogopite
Phlog´o•pite, n. [Gr. firelike.] (Min.) A kind of mica having generally a peculiar bronze- red or copperlike color and a pearly luster. It is a silicate of aluminia, with magnesia, potash, and some fluorine. It is characteristic of crystalline limestone or dolomite and serpentine. See Mica.

Phlogotic
Phlo•got´ic, n. (Med.) Of or pertaining to phlogisis.

Phloramine
Phlo•ram´ine, n. [ Phlorlucin + amine.] (Chem.) A basic amido derivative of phloroglucin, having an astringent taste.

Phloretic
Phlo•ret´ic, a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, or designating, an organic acid obtained by the decomposition of phloretin.

Phloretin
Phlor´e•tin, n. [From Phlorizin.] (Chem.) A bitter white crystalline substance obtained by the decomposition of phlorizin, and formerly used to some extent as a substitute for quinine.

Phlorizin
Phlor´i•zin, n. [Gr.,, bark + root.] (Chem.) A bitter white crystalline glucoside extracted from the root bark of the apple, pear, cherry, plum, etc. [Formerly also written phloridzin.]

Phloroglucin
Phlor•o•glu´cin, n. [ Phloretin + Gr. sweet.] (Chem.) A sweet white crystalline substance, metameric with pyrogallol, and obtained by the decomposition of phloretin, and from certain gums, as catechu, kino, etc. It belongs to the class of phenols. [Called also phloroglucinol.]

Phlorol
Phlo´rol, n. [ Phloretic + -ol.] (Chem.) A liquid metameric with xylenol, belonging to the class of phenols, and obtained by distilling certain salts of phloretic acid.

Phlorone
Phlo´rone, n. [ Phlorol + quin one.] (Chem.) A yellow crystalline substance having a peculiar unpleasant odor, resembling the quinones, and obtained from beechwood tar and coal tar, as also by the oxidation of xylidine; — called also xyloquinone.

Phlox, n. [L., a kind of flower, fr. Gr. flame, fr. to burn.] (Bot.) A genus of American herbs, having showy red, white, or purple flowers. Phlox worm (Zoöl.), the larva of an American moth ( Heliothis phloxiphaga). It is destructive to phloxes. — Phlox subulata, the moss pink. See under Moss.

Phoca
Pho´ca, n. [L., a seal, fr. Gr. .] (Zoöl.) A genus of seals. It includes the common harbor seal and allied species. See Seal.

Phocal
Pho´cal, a. (Zoöl.) Pertaining to seals.

Phocenic
Pho•cen´ic, a. [Gr. a porpoise.] (Chem.) Of or pertaining to dolphin oil or porpoise oil; - - said of an acid (called also delphinic acid) subsequently found to be identical with valeric acid. Watts.

Phocenin
Pho•ce´nin, n. [Cf. F. phocenine.] (Chem.) See Delphin.

Phocodont
Pho´co•dont, n. (Zoöl.) One of the Phocodontia.

Phocodontia
Pho•co•don´ti•a, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. a seal +,, a tooth.] (Zoöl.) A group of extinct carnivorous whales. Their teeth had compressed and serrated crowns. It includes Squalodon and allied genera.

Phœbe
Phœ"be, n. (Zoöl.) The pewee, or pewit.

Phœbus
Phœ"bus, n. [L., fr. Gr., fr. pure, bright.]
1. (Class. Myth.) Apollo; the sun god.
2. The sun. "Phœbus ’gins arise." Shak.

Phœnician
Phœ•ni"cian, a. Of or pertaining to Phœnica. — n. A native or inhabitant of Phœnica.

Phœnicious
Phϥni"cious, a. See Phenicious.

Pholadean
Pho•la´de•an, n. (Zoöl.) Pholad.

Pholas
Pho´las, n. ; pl. Pholades (#). [NL., fr. Gr.,, a kind of mollusk.] (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of marine bivalve mollusks of the genus Pholas, or family Pholadidae. They bore holes for themselves in clay, peat, and soft rocks.

Phonal
Pho´nal, a. [Gr. the voice.] Of or relating to the voice; as phonal structure. Max Müller.

Phonascetics
Pho•nas•cet´ics, n. [Gr. to practice the voice; voice + to practice.] Treatment for restoring or improving the voice.

Phonation
Pho•na´tion, n. [Gr. the voice.] The act or process by which articulate sounds are uttered; the utterance of articulate sounds; articulate speech.

Phonautograph
Pho•nau´to•graph, n. [ Phono- + Gr. self + -graph.] (Physics) An instrument by means of which a sound can be made to produce a visible trace or record of itself. It consists essentially of a resonant vessel, usually of paraboloidal form, closed at one end by a flexible membrane. A stylus attached to some point of the membrane records the movements of the latter, as it vibrates, upon a moving cylinder or plate.

Phone, n. & v. t. Colloq. for Telephone.

Phonetic
Pho•net´ic, a. [Gr., fr. a sound, tone; akin to Gr. to speak: cf. F. phonetique. See Ban a proclamation.]
1. Of or pertaining to the voice, or its use.
2. Representing sounds; as phonetic characters; — opposed to ideographic; as a phonetic notation. Phonetic spelling, spelling in phonetic characters, each representing one sound only; — contrasted with Romanic spelling, or that by the use of the Roman alphabet.

Phonetician
Pho•ne•ti´cian, n. One versed in phonetics; a phonetist.

Phonetics
Pho•net´ics, n.
1. The doctrine or science of sounds; especially those of the human voice; phonology.
2. The art of representing vocal sounds by signs and written characters.

Phonetism
Pho´ne•tism, n. The science which treats of vocal sounds. J. Peile.

Phonetist
Pho´ne•tist, n.
1. One versed in phonetics; a phonologist.
2. One who advocates a phonetic spelling.

Phonetization
Pho•ne•ti•za´tion, n. The act, art, or process of representing sounds by phonetic signs.

Phonetize
Pho´ne•tize, v. t. To represent by phonetic signs. Lowell.

Phonic
Phon´ic, a. [Gr. sound: cf. F. phonique.] Of or pertaining to sound; of the nature of sound; acoustic. Tyndall.

Phonics
Phon´ics, n. See Phonetics.

Phono-
Pho´no- A combining form from Gr. sound, tone; as phonograph, phonology.

Phonocamptic
Pho•no•camp´tic, a. [ Phono- + Gr. to bend: cf. F. phonocamptique.] Reflecting sound. [R.] "Phonocamptic objects." Derham.

Phonogram
Pho´no•gram, n. [ Phono- + -gram.]
1. A letter, character, or mark used to represent a particular sound.
"Phonograms are of three kinds: (1) Verbal signs, which stand for entire words; (2) Syllabic signs, which stand for the articulations of which words are composed; (3) Alphabetic signs, or letters, which represent the elementary sounds into which the syllable can be resolved." I. Taylor (The Alphabet).
2. A record of sounds made by a phonograph.

Phonograph
Pho´no•graph, n. [ Phono- + -graph.]
1. A character or symbol used to represent a sound, esp. one used in phonography.
2. (Physics) An instrument for the mechanical registration and reproduction of audible sounds, as articulate speech, etc. It consists of a rotating cylinder or disk covered with some material easily indented, as tinfoil, wax, paraffin, etc., above which is a thin plate carrying a stylus. As the plate vibrates under the influence of a sound, the stylus makes minute indentations or undulations in the soft material, and these, when the cylinder or disk is again turned, set the plate in vibration, and reproduce the sound.

Phonographer
Pho•nog´ra•pher, n.
1. One versed or skilled in phonography.
2. One who uses, or is skilled in the use of, the phonograph. See Phonograph, 2. { Pho•no•graph´ic, Pho•no•graph´ic•al } a. [Cf. F. phonographique.]
1. Of or pertaining to phonography; based upon phonography.
2. Of or pertaining to phonograph; done by the phonograph.

Phonographist
Pho•nog´ra•phist, n. Phonographer.

Phonography
Pho•nog´ra•phy, n. [ Phono- + -graphy.]
1. A description of the laws of the human voice, or sounds uttered by the organs of speech.
2. A representation of sounds by distinctive characters; commonly, a system of shorthand writing invented by Isaac Pitman, or a modification of his system, much used by reporters. The consonants are represented by straight lines and curves; the vowels by dots and short dashes; but by skilled phonographers, in rapid work, most vowel marks are omitted, and brief symbols for common words and combinations of words are extensively employed. The following line is an example of phonography, in which all the sounds are indicated: —
"They also serve who only stand and wait." Milton.
3. The art of constructing, or using, the phonograph.

Phonolite
Pho´no•lite, n. [ Phono- + -lite: cf. F. phonolithe.] (Min.) A compact, feldspathic, igneous rock containing nephelite, haüynite, etc. Thin slabs give a ringing sound when struck; — called also clinkstone.

Phonologer
Pho•nol´o•ger, n. A phonologist. { Pho•no•log´ic, Pho•no•log´ic•al } a. Of or pertaining to phonology.

Phonologist
Pho•nol´o•gist, n. One versed in phonology.

Phonology
Pho•nol´o•gy, n. [ Phono- + -logy.] The science or doctrine of the elementary sounds uttered by the human voice in speech, including the various distinctions, modifications, and combinations of tones; phonetics. also a treatise on sounds.

Phonometer
Pho•nom´e•ter, n. [ Phono- + -meter.] (Physics) An instrument for measuring sounds, as to their intensity, or the frequency of the vibrations.

Phonomotor
Pho•no•mo´tor, n. [ Phono- + -motor.] (Physics) An instrument in which motion is produced by the vibrations of a sounding body.

Phonorganon
Pho•nor´ga•non, n. [NL. See Phono-, and Organon.] A speaking machine.

Phonotype
Pho´no•type (-tip), n. [ Phono- + -type.] A type or character used in phonotypy. { Pho•no•typ´ic, Pho•no•typ´ic•al } a. Of or pertaining to phonotypy; as a phonotypic alphabet.

Phonotypist
Pho•not´y•pist, n. One versed in phonotypy.

Phonotypy
Pho•not´y•py, n. A method of phonetic printing of the English language, as devised by Mr. Pitman, in which nearly all the ordinary letters and many new forms are employed in order to indicate each elementary sound by a separate character.

Phorminx
Phor´minx, n. [NL., fr. Gr. .] A kind of lyre used by the Greeks. Mrs. Browning.

Phormium
Phor´mi•um, n. [NL. fr. Gr. a plaited mat, a kind of plant.] (Bot.) A genus of liliaceous plants, consisting of one species ( Phormium tenax). See Flax-plant.

Phoronis
Pho•ro´nis, n. [NL., fr. L. Phoronis, a surname of Io, Gr. .] (Zoöl.) A remarkable genus of marine worms having tentacles around the mouth. It is usually classed with the gephyreans. Its larva ( Actinotrocha) undergoes a peculiar metamorphosis.

Phoronomia
Phor•o•no´mi•a, n. [NL.] See Phoronomics.

Phosgene
Phos´gene, a. [Gr. light + the root of to be born: cf. F. phosgène.] (Old Chem.) Producing, or produced by, the action of light; — formerly used specifically to designate a gas now called carbonyl chloride. See Carbonyl.

Phospham
Phos´pham, n. [ Phosphorus + a. monia.] (Chem.) An inert amorphous white powder, PN₂H, obtained by passing ammonia over heated phosphorus. [Spelt also phosphame.] — Phos´pham´ic (#), a.

Phosphate
Phos´phate, n. (Chem.) A salt of phosphoric acid.

Phosphatic
Phos•phat´ic, a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or containing, phosphorus, phosphoric acid, or phosphates; as phosphatic nodules. Phosphatic diathesis (Med.), a habit of body which leads to the undue excretion of phosphates with the urine.

Phosphaturia
Phos•pha•tu´ri•a, n. [NL. See Phosphate, and Urine.] (Med.) The excessive discharge of phosphates in the urine.

Phosphine
Phos´phine, n. (Chem.) A colorless gas PH₃, analogous to ammonia, and having a disagreeable odor resembling that of garlic. Called also hydrogen phosphide, and formerly, phosphureted hydrogen. It is the most important compound of phosphorus and hydrogen, and is produced by the action of caustic potash on phosphorus. It is spontaneously inflammable, owing to impurities, and in burning produces peculiar vortical rings of smoke.

Phosphine
Phos´phine, n. (Dyeing) Chrysaniline, often in the form of a salt.

Phosphinic
Phos•phin´ic, a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, certain acids analogous to the phosphonic acids, but containing two hydrocarbon radicals, and derived from the secondary phosphines by oxidation.

Phosphite
Phos´phite, n. (Chem.) A salt of phosphorous acid.

Phosphonic
Phos•phon´ic, a. [ Phosphoric + sulph onic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, certain derivatives of phosphorous acid containing a hydrocarbon radical, and analogous to the sulphonic acid.

Phosphonium
Phos•pho´ni•um, n. [ Phosphorus + amm onium.] (Chem.) The hypothetical radical PH₄, analogous to ammonium, and regarded as the nucleus of certain derivatives of phosphine.

Phosphor
Phos´phor, n. [Cf. G. phosphor. See Phosphorus.]
1. Phosphorus. [Obs.] Addison.
2. The planet Venus, when appearing as the morning star; Lucifer. [Poetic] Pope. Tennyson.

Phosphoreous
Phos•pho´re•ous, a. Phosphorescent. [Obs.]

Phosphoresce
Phos•phor•esce´, v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Phosphoresced p. pr. & vb. n. Phosphorescing ] To shine as phosphorus; to be phosphorescent; to emit a phosphoric light.

Phosphorescent
Phos•phor•es´cent, a. [Cf. F. phosphorescent.] Shining with a phosphoric light; luminous without sensible heat. — n. A phosphorescent substance.

Phosphoric
Phos•phor´ic, a. [Cf. F. phosphorique.]
1. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to phosphorus; resembling, or containing, from us; specifically, designating those compounds in which phosphorus has a higher valence as contrasted with the phosphorous compounds.
2. Phosphorescent. "A phosphoric sea." Byron. Glacial phosphoric acid. (Chem.) (a) Metaphosphoric acid in the form of glassy semitransparent masses or sticks. (b) Pure normal phosphoric acid. — Phosphoric acid (Chem.), a white crystalline substance, H₃PO₄, which is the most highly oxidized acid of phosphorus, and forms an important and extensive series of compounds, viz., the phosphates. — Soluble phosphoric acid, Insoluble phosphoric acid (Agric. Chem.), phosphoric acid combined in acid salts, or in neutral or basic salts, which are respectively soluble and insoluble in water or in plant juices. — Reverted phosphoric acid (Agric. Chem.), phosphoric acid changed from acid (soluble) salts back to neutral or basic (insoluble) salts.

Phosphorical
Phos•phor´ic•al, a. (Old Chem.) Phosphoric.

Phosphorite
Phos´phor•ite, n. (Min.) A massive variety of apatite.

Phosphoritic
Phos•phor•it´ic, a. (Min.) Pertaining to phosphorite; resembling, or of the nature of, phosphorite.

Phosphorize
Phos´phor•ize, v. t. To phosphorate.

Phosphorized
Phos´phor•ized, a. Containing, or impregnated with, phosphorus.

Phosphorogenic
Phos•phor•o•gen´ic, a. [ Phosphorus + -gen + -ic.] Generating phosphorescence; as phosphorogenic rays.

Phosphoroscope
Phos•phor´o•scope, n. [ Phosphorus + -scope.] (Physics) An apparatus for observing the phosphorescence produced in different bodies by the action of light, and for measuring its duration.

Phosphorous
Phos´phor•ous, a. [Cf. F. phosphoreux.] (Chem.) Of or pertaining to phosphorus; resembling or containing phosphorus; specifically, designating those compounds in which phosphorus has a lower valence as contrasted with phosphoric compounds; as phosphorous acid, H₃PO₃.

Phosphorus
Phos´phor•us, n. ; pl. Phosphori (#). [L., the morning star, Gr., lit., light bringer; light + to bring.]
1. The morning star; Phosphor.
2. (Chem.) A poisonous nonmetallic element of the nitrogen group, obtained as a white, or yellowish, translucent waxy substance, having a characteristic disagreeable smell. It is very active chemically, must be preserved under water, and unites with oxygen even at ordinary temperatures, giving a faint glow, — whence its name. It always occurs compined, usually in phosphates, as in the mineral apatite, in bones, etc. It is used in the composition on the tips of friction matches, and for many other purposes. The molecule contains four atoms. Symbol P. Atomic weight 31.0.
3. (Chem.) Hence, any substance which shines in the dark like phosphorus, as certain phosphorescent bodies. Bologna phosphorus (Chem.), sulphide of barium, which shines in the dark after exposure to light; — so called because this property was discovered by a resident of Bologna. The term is sometimes applied to other compounds having similar properties. — Metallic phosphorus (Chem.), an allotropic modification of phosphorus, obtained as a gray metallic crystalline substance, having very inert chemical properties. It is obtained by heating ordinary phosphorus in a closed vessel at a high temperature. — Phosphorus disease (Med.), a disease common among workers in phosphorus, giving rise to necrosis of the jawbone, and other symptoms. — Red, or Amorphous, phosphorus (Chem.), an allotropic modification of phosphorus, obtained as a dark red powder by heating ordinary phosphorus in closed vessels. It is not poisonous, is not phosphorescent, and is only moderately active chemically. It is valuable as a chemical reagent, and is used in the composition of the friction surface on which safety matches are ignited. — Solar phosphori (Chem.), phosphorescent substances which shine in the dark after exposure to the sunlight or other intense light.

Phosphorus steel. A steel in which the amount of phosphorus exceeds that of carbon.

Phosphoryl
Phos´phor•yl, n. [ Phosphorus + -yl.] (Chem.) The radical PO, regarded as the typical nucleus of certain compounds.

Phosphuret
Phos´phu•ret, n. (Chem.) A phosphide. [Obsoles.]

Phosphureted
Phos´phu•ret•ed, a. (Chem.) Impregnated, or combined, with phosphorus. [Obsoles.] [Written also phosphuretted.] Phosphureted hydrogen. (Chem.) See Phosphine.

Photic region. (Phytogeography) The uppermost zone of the sea, which receives the most light.

Photics
Pho´tics, n. (Physics) The science of light; — a general term sometimes employed when optics is restricted to light as a producing vision. Knight.

Photism
Pho´tism, n. [Gr. illumination.] (Psycol.) A luminous image or appearance of a hallucinatory character.

Photo
Pho´to, n. ; pl. Photos . A contraction of Photograph. [Colloq.]

Photobacterium
Pho•to•bac•te´ri•um, n. [NL. See Photo-, and Bacterium.] (Bacteriol.) A genus including certain comma-shaped marine bacteria which emit bluish or greenish phosphorescence. also any microörganism of this group.

Photoceramics
Pho•to•ce•ram´ics, n. Art or process of decorating pottery with photographically prepared designs. — Pho•to•ce•ram´ic (#), a.

Photochemical
Pho•to•chem´ic•al, a. [ Photo- + chemical.] (Chem.) Of or pertaining to chemical action of light, or produced by it; as the photochemical changes of the visual purple of the retina.

Photochemistry
Pho•to•chem´is•try, n. [ Photo- + chemistry.] (Chem.) The branch of chemistry which relates to the effect of light in producing chemical changes, as in photography. { Pho•to•chro´mic, Pho•to•chro•mat´ic } a. Of or pertaining to photochromy; produced by photochromy.

Photochromography
Pho•to•chro•mog´ra•phy, n. [ Photo- + Gr. color + -graphy.] Art or process of printing colored photographs.

Photochromoscope
Pho•to•chro´mo•scope, n. [ Photo- + Gr. color + -scope.]
1. A device for giving shifting effects of color to a photograph. The unmounted print, made translucent, is illuminated from behind with colored light.
2. A combination of three optical lanterns for projecting objects on a screen in the colors of nature. The images of three partial photographs taken through color screens (red, green, and blue, respectively) are superimposed. Each image is given its own primary color, and these colors blend and reproduce the colors of the object.

Photochromotype
Pho•to•chro´mo•type, n. [ Photo- + Gr. color + -type.] A colored print made photomechanically.

Photochromotype
Pho•to•chro´mo•type, v. t. To represent by a colored print made by any photomechanical process.

Photochromotypy
Pho•to•chro´mo•typ•y, n. The art of making photochromotypes.

Photochromy
Pho•toch´ro•my, n. [ Photo- + Gr. color.] The art or process of reproducing colors by photography.

Photochronograph
Pho•to•chron´o•graph, n. [ Photo- + chronograph.]
1. (Physics) An instrument for recording minute intervals of time. The record is made by the power of a magnetic field, due to an electric signaling current, to turn the plane of polarization of light. A flash, coinciding in time and duration with the signal, is thus produced and is photographed on a moving plate.
2. (Astron.) An instrument for the photographic recording of star transits.

Photochronography
Pho•to•chro•nog´ra•phy, n. Art of recording or measuring intervals of time by the photochronograph. — Pho•to•chron•o•graph´ic (#), - graph"ic•al (#), a. — - graph"ic•al•ly, adv.

Photodrome
Pho´to•drome, n. [ Photo- + Gr. to run.] (Physics) An apparatus consisting of a large wheel with spokes, which when turning very rapidly is illuminated by momentary flashes of light passing through slits in a rotating disk. By properly timing the succession of flashes the wheel is made to appear to be motionless, or to rotate more or less slowly in either direction.

Photodynamics
Pho•to•dy•nam´ics, n. [ Photo- + dynamics.] (Plant Physiol.) The relation of light to the movements of plants and their organs; the study of the phenomena of curvatures induced by the stimulus of light. — Pho•to•dy•nam´ic (#), Pho•to•dy•nam´ic•al (#), a. { Pho•to-e•lec´tric, Pho•to-e•lec´tric•al }, a. Pert. to, or capable of developing, photo- electricity.

Photo-electric
Pho•to-e•lec´tric, a. [ Photo- + electric.] Acting by the operation of both light and electricity; — said of apparatus for producing pictures by electric light.

Photo-electric cell. A cell (as one of two electrodes embedded in selenium) which by exposure to light generates an electric current.

Photo-electricity
Pho•to-e•lec•tric´i•ty, n. [ Photo- + electricity.] Electricity produced by light.

Photo-electrograph
Pho•to-e•lec´tro•graph, n. [See Photo-; Electrograph.] (Meteor.) An electrometer registering by photography.

Photo-engrave
Pho•to-en•grave´, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Photo-engraved p. pr. & vb. n. Photo-engraving.] [ Photo- + engrave.] To engrave by a photomechanical process; to make a photo-engraving of. — Pho•to-en•grav´er (#), n.

Photo-epinasty
Pho•to-ep´i•nas•ty, n. [See Photo-, and Epinastic.] (Bot.) A disproportionately rapid growth of the upper surface of dorsiventral organs, such as leaves, through the stimulus of exposure to light. Encyc. Brit.

Photogalvanography
Pho•to•gal•va•nog´ra•phy, n. [ Photo- + galvanography.] The art or process of making photo-electrotypes. Sir D. Brewster.

Photogen
Pho´to•gen, n. [ Photo- + - gen.] (Chem.) A light hydrocarbon oil resembling kerosene. It is obtained by distilling coal, paraffin, etc., and is used as a lubricant, illuminant, etc. [Written also photogene.]

Photogene
Pho´to•gene, n. [See Photogen.]
1. A photograph. [Obsoles.]
2. A more or less continued impression or image on the retina. H. Spencer.

Photogeny
Pho•tog´e•ny, n. [See Photogen.] See Photography. [Obsoles.]

Photoglyphy
Pho•tog´ly•phy, n. Photoglyphic engraving. See under Photoglyphic.

Photogrammeter
Pho•to•gram´me•ter, n. [See Photogram; -meter.] A phototheodolite, or a camera designed for use in photogrammetry. — Pho•to•gram•met´ric (#), Pho•to•gram•met´ric•al (#), a.

Photograph
Pho´to•graph, n. [ Photo- + -graph.] A picture or likeness obtained by photography.

Photograph
Pho´to•graph, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Photographed p. pr. & vb. n. Photographing ] To take a picture or likeness of by means of photography; as to photograph a view; to photograph a group.
"He makes his pen drawing on white paper, and they are afterwards photographed on wood." Hamerton. Also used figuratively.
"He is photographed on my mind." Lady D. Hardy.

Photograph
Pho´to•graph, v. i. To practice photography; to take photographs.

Photographer
Pho•tog´ra•pher, n. One who practices, or is skilled in, photography. { Pho•to•graph´ic, Pho•to•graph´ic•al } a. [Cf. F. photographique.] Of or pertaining to photography; obtained by photography; used ib photography; as a photographic picture; a photographic camera. — Pho•to•graph´ic•al•ly, adv. Photographic printing, the process of obtaining pictures, as on chemically prepared paper, from photographic negatives, by exposure to light.

Photographist
Pho•tog´ra•phist, n. A photographer.

Photographometer
Pho•tog´ra•phom´e•ter, n. [ Photograph + -meter.] (Photog.) An instrument for determining the sensibility of the plates employed in photographic processes to luminous rays.

Photographone
Pho•tog´ra•phone, n. [See Photograph; -phone.] A device, consisting essentially of an electric arc and a camera, by which a series of photographs of the variations of the arc due to sound waves are obtained for reproduction by means of a selenium cell and a telephone.

Photogravure
Pho•to•grav´ure, n. [F.] A photoengraving; also the process by which such a picture is produced.

Photoheliograph
Pho•to•he´li•o•graph, n. [ Photo- + heliograph.] (Physics) A modified kind of telescope adapted to taking photographs of the sun.

Photoheliometer
Pho•to•he•li•om´e•ter, n. [ Photo- + heliometer.] (Astron.) A double- lens instrument for measuring slight variations of the sun’s diameter by photography, utilizing the common chord of two overlapping images.

Photolithograph
Pho•to•lith´o•graph, n. [ Photo- + lithograph.] A lithographic picture or copy from a stone prepared by the aid of photography.

Photolithograph
Pho•to•lith´o•graph, v. t. To produce (a picture, a copy) by the process of photolithography.

Photolithographer
Pho•to•li•thog´ra•pher, n. One who practices, or one who employs, photolithography.

Photolithographic
Pho•to•lith•o•graph´ic, n. Of or pertaining to photolithography; produced by photolithography.

Photolithography
Pho•to•li•thog´ra•phy, n. The art or process of producing photolithographs. { Pho•to•log´ic, Pho•to•log´ic•al } a. Pertaining to photology, or the doctrine of light.

Photologist
Pho•tol´o•gist, n. One who studies or expounds the laws of light.

Photology
Pho•tol´o•gy, n. [ Photo- + -logy: cf. F. photologie.] The doctrine or science of light, explaining its nature and phenomena; optics.

Photoluminescent
Pho•to•lu•mi•nes´cent, a. [ Photo- + luminescent.] (Physics) Luminescent by exposure to light waves. — Pho•to•lu•mi•nes´cence (#), n. { Pho•tom•e•tri´cian, Pho•tom´e•trist }, n. A specialist in photometry.

Photomagnetic
Pho•to•mag•net´ic, a. Of or pertaining to photomagnetism.

Photomagnetism
Pho•to•mag´net•ism, n. The branch of science which treats of the relation of magnetism to light.

Photomechanical
Pho•to•me•chan´ic•al, a. Pertaining to, or designating, any photographic process in which a printing surface is obtained without the intervention of hand engraving.

Photometer
Pho•tom´e•ter, n. [ Photo- + -meter: cf. F. photomètre.] (Physics) An instrument for measuring the intensity of light, or, more especially, for comparing the relative intensities of different lights, or their relative illuminating power. { Pho•to•met´ric, Pho•to•met´ric•al } a. [Cf. F. photometrique.] Of or pertaining to photometry, or to a photometer.

Photometrician
Pho•tom•e•tri´cian, n. One engaged in the scientific measurement of light.

Photometry
Pho•tom´e•try, n. [Cf. F. photometrie.] That branch of science which treats of the measurement of the intensity of light.

Photomezzotype
Pho•to•mez´zo•type, n. [ Photo- + It. mezzo middle, half + -type.] A photomechanical process similar to collotype.

Photomicrograph
Pho•to•mi´cro•graph (fo•to•mi"kro•graf), n. [ Photo- + micro + -graph.]
1. An enlarged or macroscopic photograph of a microscopic object. See Microphotograph.
2. A microscopically small photograph of an object.

Photonephograph
Pho•to•neph´o•graph (-nef"o•graf), n. [ Photo- + Gr. ne•fos a cloud + -graph.] (Meteor.) A nephoscope registering by photography, commonly consisting of a pair of cameras used simultaneously.

Photophilous
Pho•toph´i•lous, n. [ Photo- + Gr. loving.] (Phytogeog.) Light-loving; growing in strong light, as many plants.

Photophobia
Pho•to•pho´bi•a, n. [NL., fr. Gr. fw^s, fwto•s, light + fear.] (Med.) A dread or intolerance of light. Sir T. Watson.

Photophone
Pho´to•phone, n. [ Photo- + Gr. sound.] (Physics) An apparatus for the production of sound by the action of rays of light. A. G. Bell.

Photophonic
Pho•to•phon´ic, a. Of or pertaining to photophone.

Photophony
Pho•toph´o•ny, n. The art or practice of using the photophone.

Photophore
Pho´to•phore, n. [ Photo- + Gr. to bear.]
1. (Med.) A form of endoscope using an electric light.
2. (Zoöl.) A light-emitting organ; specif., one of the luminous spots on certain marine (mostly deep-sea) fishes.

Photoplay
Pho´to•play, n. A play for representation or exhibition by moving pictures; also the moving- picture representation of a play.

Photoprint
Pho´to•print, n. Any print made by a photomechanical process.

Photopsia
Pho•top´si•a, n. [NL., fr. Gr. fw^s, fwto•s, light + sight.] (Med.) An affection of the eye, in which the patient perceives luminous rays, flashes, coruscations, etc. See phosphene.

Photoscope
Pho´to•scope, n. [ Photo- + -scope.] (Physics) Anything employed for the observation of light or luminous effects.

Photoscopic
Pho•to•scop´ic, a. Of or pertaining to the photoscope or its uses.

Photosculpture
Pho•to•sculp´ture, n. [ Photo- + sculpture.] A process in which, by means of a number of photographs simultaneously taken from different points of view on the same level, rough models of the figure or bust of a person or animal may be made with great expedition.

Photosphere
Pho´to•sphere, n. [ Photo- + sphere.] A sphere of light; esp., the luminous envelope of the sun.

Photospheric
Pho•to•spher´ic, a. Of or pertaining to the photosphere.

Photosynthesis
Pho•to•syn´the•sis, n. (Plant Physiol.) The process of constructive metabolism by which carbohydrates are formed from water vapor and the carbon dioxide of the air in the chlorophyll-containing tissues of plants exposed to the action of light. It was formerly called assimilation, but this is now commonly used as in animal physiology. The details of the process are not yet clearly known. Baeyer’s theory is that the carbon dioxide is reduced to carbon monoxide, which, uniting with the hydrogen of the water in the cell, produces formaldehyde, the latter forming various sugars through polymerization. Vines suggests that the carbohydrates are secretion products of the chloroplasts, derived from decomposition of previously formed proteids. The food substances are usually quickly translocated, those that accumulate being changed to starch, which appears in the cells almost simultaneously with the sugars. The chloroplasts perform photosynthesis only in light and within a certain range of temperature, varying according to climate. This is the only way in which a plant is able to organize carbohydrates. All plants without a chlorophyll apparatus, as the fungi, must be parasitic or saprophytic. — Pho•to•syn•thet´ic (#), a. — Pho•to•syn•thet´ic•al•ly (#), adv. { Pho•to•tax´is, Pho´to•tax•y }, n. [NL. phototaxis; photo- + Gr. an arranging.] (Biol.) The influence of light on the movements of low organisms, as various infusorians, the zoöspores of certain algae, etc.; also the tendency to follow definite directions of motion or assume definite positions under such influence. If the migration is toward the source of light, it is termed positive phototaxis; if away from the light, negative phototaxis. — Pho•to•tac´tic (#), a. — Pho•to•tac´tic•al•ly, adv.

Phototelegraphy
Pho•to•te•leg´ra•phy, n. Telegraphy by means of light, as by the heliograph or the photophone. also less properly, telephotography. — Pho•to•tel´e•graph (#), n. — Pho•to•tel•e•graph´ic (#), a.

Phototelescope
Pho•to•tel´e•scope, n. (Astron.) A telescope adapted for taking photographs of the heavenly bodies.

Phototheodolite
Pho•to•the•od´o•lite, n. An arrangement of two photographic cameras the plates of which may be brought into exactly the same plane, used in surveying and map making. From the differences between two pictures taken at the same moment, measurements in all dimensions of the region may be obtained.

Phototherapy
Pho•to•ther´a•py, n. (Med.) The application of light for therapeutic purposes, esp. for treating diseases of the skin. — Pho•to•the•rap´ic (#), Pho•to•ther•a•peu´tic (#), a.

Photothermic
Pho•to•ther´mic, a. Of or pertaining to both light and heat.

Phototonus
Pho•tot´o•nus, n. [NL. See Photo-, and Tone.] (Bot.) A motile condition in plants resulting from exposure to light. — Pho•to•ton´ic (#), a.

Phototonus
Pho•tot´o•nus, n. (Physiol.) An irritable condition of protoplasm, resulting in movement, due to a certain intensity of light. — Pho•to•ton´ic (#), a.

Phototopography
Pho•to•to•pog´ra•phy, n. Photogrammetry. — Pho•to•top•o•graph´ic (#), Pho•to•top•o•graph´ic•al (#), a.

Phototrichromatic
Pho•to•tri•chro•mat´ic, a. [ Photo- + tri- + chromatic.] Designating a photomechanical process for making reproductions in natural colors by three printings.

Phototropic
Pho•to•trop´ic, a. [ Photo- + Gr. to turn.] (Bot.) Same as Heliotropic.

Phototype
Pho´to•type, n. [ Photo- + -type.] A plate or block with a printing surface (usually in relief) obtained from a photograph; also any one of the many methods of processes by which such a printing surface is obtained.

Phototypic
Pho•to•typ´ic, a. Of or pertaining to a phototype or phototypy.

Phototypography
Pho•to•ty•pog´ra•phy, n. [ Photo- + typography.] Same as Phototypy.

Photovisual
Pho•to•vis´u•al, a. (Optics) Of certain achromatic lenses, having the same focus for the actinic and for the brightest of the visual rays.

Photoxylography
Pho•to•xy•log´ra•phy, n. [ Photo- + xylography.] The process of producing a representation of an object on wood, by photography, for the use of the wood engraver.

Photozincograph
Pho•to•zin´co•graph, n. A print made by photozincography. — Pho•to•zin•co•graph´ic, a.

Photozincography
Pho•to•zin•cog´ra•phy, n. [ Photo- + zincography.] A process, analogous to photolithography, for reproducing photographed impressions transferred to zinc plate.

Phragmocone
Phrag´mo•cone, n. [Gr.,, a fence, an inclosure + a cone.] (Zoöl.) The thin chambered shell attached to the anterior end of a belemnite. [Written also phragmacone.]

Phragmosiphon
Phrag•mo•si´phon, n. (Zoöl.) The siphon of a phragmocone.

Phrasal
Phras´al, a. Of the nature of a phrase; consisting of a phrase; as a phrasal adverb. Earlc.

Phrase, n. [F., fr. L. phrasis diction, phraseology, Gr., fr. to speak.]
1. A brief expression, sometimes a single word, but usually two or more words forming an expression by themselves, or being a portion of a sentence; as an adverbial phrase.
""Convey" the wise it call. "Steal!" foh! a fico for the phrase." Shak.
2. A short, pithy expression; especially, one which is often employed; a peculiar or idiomatic turn of speech; as to err is human.
3. A mode or form of speech; the manner or style in which any one expreses himself; diction; expression. "Phrases of the hearth." Tennyson.
"Thou speak’st In better phrase and matter than thou didst." Shak.
4. (Mus.) A short clause or portion of a period. A composition consists first of sentences, or periods; these are subdivided into sections, and these into phrases. Phrase book, a book of idiomatic phrases. J. S. Blackie.

Phrase, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Phrased p. pr. & vb. n. Phrasing.] [Cf. F. phraser.] To express in words, or in peculiar words; to call; to style. "These suns — for so they phrase ’em." Shak.

Phrase, v. i.
1. To use proper or fine phrases. [R.]
2. (Mus.) To group notes into phrases; as he phrases well. See Phrase, n. , 4.

Phraseogram
Phra´se•o•gram, n. [Gr. a phrase + -gram.] (Phonography) A symbol for a phrase. { Phra•se•o•log´ic, Phra•se•o•log´ic•al, } a. Of or pertaining to phraseology; consisting of a peculiar form of words. "This verbal or phraseological answer." Bp. Pearson.

Phraseologist
Phra•se•ol´o•gist, n. A collector or coiner of phrases.

Phraseology
Phra•se•ol´o•gy, n. [Gr.,, phrase + -logy: cf. F. phraseologie.]
1. Manner of expression; peculiarity of diction; style.
"Most completely national in his … phraseology." I. Taylor.
2. A collection of phrases; a phrase book. [R.]
Syn. — Diction; style. See Diction.

Phratry
Phra´try, n. ; pl. Phratries (#). [Gr., .] (Gr. Antiq.) A subdivision of a phyle, or tribe, in Athens.

Phreatic
Phre•at´ic, a. [F. phreatique, from Gr.,, a well.] (Geol.) Subterranean; — applied to sources supplying wells. { Phre•net´ic, Phre•net´ic•al } a. [L. phreneticus, Gr., : cf. F. phrenetique. See Frantic, and cf. Frenetic.] Relating to phrenitis; suffering from frenzy; delirious; mad; frantic; frenetic. — Phre•net´ic•al•ly, adv.

Phrenic
Phren´ic, a. [Gr.,, the midriff, or diaphragm, the heart, the mind: cf. F. phrenique.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the diaphragm; diaphragmatic; as the phrenic nerve.

Phrenics
Phren´ics, n. That branch of science which relates to the mind; mental philosophy. [R.]

Phrenism
Phre´nism, n. [See Phrenic.] (Biol.) See Vital force, under Vital.

Phrenologer
Phre•nol´o•ger, n. A phrenologist.

Phrenologic
Phren•o•log´ic, a. [Cf. F. phrenologique.] Phrenological.

Phrenological
Phren•o•log´ic•al, a. Of or pertaining to phrenology. — Phren•o•log´ic•al•ly, adv.

Phrenologist
Phre•nol´o•gist, n. [Cf. F. phrenologiste.] One versed in phrenology; a craniologist.

Phrenology
Phre•nol´o•gy, n. [Gr.,, the mind + -logy: cf. F. phrenologie.]
1. The science of the special functions of the several parts of the brain, or of the supposed connection between the various faculties of the mind and particular organs in the brain.
2. In popular usage, the physiological hypothesis of Gall, that the mental faculties, and traits of character, are shown on the surface of the head or skull; craniology. Gall marked out on his model of the head the places of twenty-six organs, as round inclosures with vacant interspaces. Spurzheim and Combe divided the whole scalp into oblong and conterminous patches. Encyc. Brit.

Phrenomagnetism
Phre•no•mag´net•ism, n. [Gr.,, the mind + E. magnetism.] The power of exciting the organs of the brain by magnetic or mesmeric influence.

Phrenosin
Phre´no•sin, n. [See Phrenic.] (Physiol. Chem.) A nitrogenous body, related to cerebrin, supposed to exist in the brain.

Phrentic
Phren´tic, n. & a. See Phrenetic. [Obs.]

Phryganeides
Phryg•a•ne´i•des, n. pl. [NL., fr. Phryganea, the typical genus, fr. Gr. a dry stick.] (Zoöl.) A tribe of neuropterous insects which includes the caddice flies; — called also Trichoptera. See Trichoptera. [Written also Phryganides.]

Phrygian cap
Phryg"i•an cap A close-fitting cap represented in Greek art as worn by Orientals, assumed to have been conical in shape. It has been adopted in modern art as the so-called liberty cap, or cap of liberty.

Phthalate
Phthal´ate, n. (Chem.) A salt of phthalic acid.

Phthalein
Phthal´e•in, n. [See Phthalic.] (Chem.) One of a series of artificial organic dyes made as condensation products of the phenols with phthalic acid, and well represented by phenol phthaleïn. Their alkaline solutions are fluorescent. Phenol phthalein, a white or yellowish white crystalline substance made from phthalic acid and phenol. Its solution in alkalies is brilliant red, but is decolorized by acids, and as this reaction is exceedingly delicate it is used as an indicator.

Phthalide
Phthal´ide, n. [ Phthalyl + anhydr ide.] (Chem.) A lactone obtained by reduction of phthalyl chloride, as a white crystalline substance; hence, by extension, any one of the series of which phthalide proper is the type. [Written also phthalid.]

Phthalimide
Phthal´i•mide, n. [ Phthalic + imide.] (Chem.) An imido derivative of phthalic acid, obtained as a white crystalline substance, C₆H₄.(CO)₂NH, which has itself (like succinimide) acid properties, and forms a series of salts. Cf. Imido acid, under Imido.

Phthalyl
Phthal´yl, n. [ Phthalic + -yl.] (Chem.) The hypothetical radical of phthalic acid.

Phthiriasis
Phthi•ri´a•sis, n. [L., fr. Gr., fr. louse.] (Med.) A disease ( morbus pediculous) consisting in the excessive multiplication of lice on the human body.

Phthisic
Phthis´ic, n. Same as Phthisis.

Phthisiology
Phthis•i•ol´o•gy, n. [ Phthisis + -logy.] (Med.) A treatise on phthisis. Dunglison. { Phthis•ip•neu•mo´ni•a, Phthis•ip•neu´mo•ny } n. [NL. See Phthisis, Pneumonia.] (Med.) Pulmonary consumption.

Phthongometer
Phthon•gom´e•ter, n. [Gr. voice + -meter.] An instrument for measuring vocal sounds. Whewell.

Phthor, n. [F. phthore, Gr. to destroy.] (Old Chem.) Fluorine. [Written also phthor.]

Phycite
Phy´cite, n. [Gr. seaweed.] (Chem.) See Erythrite, 1.

Phycography
Phy•cog´ra•phy, n. [Gr. seaweed + -graphy.] A description of seaweeds.

Phycology
Phy•col´o•gy, n. [Gr. seaweed + -logy.] The science of algae, or seaweeds; algology.

Phycomater
Phy•co•ma´ter, n. [NL., fr. Gr. seaweed + L. mater mother.] (Bot.) A gelatin in which the algae spores have been supposed to vegetate.

Phycomycetes
Phy•co•my•ce´tes, n. pl. [NL.; Gr. seaweed + mycetes.] (Bot.) A large, important class of parasitic or saprophytic fungi, the algal or algalike fungi. The plant body ranges from an undifferentiated mass of protoplasm to a well-developed and much-branched mycelium. Reproduction is mainly sexual, by the formation of conidia or sporangia; but the group shows every form of transition from this method through simple conjugation to perfect sexual reproduction by egg and sperm in the higher forms. — Phy•co•my•ce´tous (#), a.

Phycophaeine
Phy•co•phae´ine, n. [Gr. seaweed + dusky.] A brown coloring matter found in certain algae. { Phy•co•xan´thin, Phy•co•xan´thine } n. [Gr. seaweed + yellow.] A yellowish coloring matter found in certain algae.

Phylacter
Phy•lac´ter, n. A phylactery. Sandys.

Phylactered
Phy•lac´tered, a. Wearing a phylactery. { Phyl•ac•ter´ic, Phyl•ac•ter´ic•al } a. Of or pertaining to phylacteries.

Phylactery
Phy•lac´ter•y, n. ; pl. Phylacteries (#). [OE. filateri, OF. filatire, filatiere, F. phylactère, L. phylacterium, Gr., fr. a watcher, guard, to watch, guard. Cf. Philatory.]
1. Any charm or amulet worn as a preservative from danger or disease.
2. A small square box, made either of parchment or of black calfskin, containing slips of parchment or vellum on which are written the scriptural passages Exodus xiii. 2-10, and 11-17, Deut. vi. 4-9, 13-22. They are worn by Jews on the head and left arm, on week-day mornings, during the time of prayer. Schaff-Herzog Encyc.
3. Among the primitive Christians, a case in which the relics of the dead were inclosed.

Phylactolaematous
Phy•lac•to•lae´ma•tous, a. (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the Phylactolaema. { Phy•lac•to•le´ma, Phy•lac•to•le´ma•ta } n. pl. [NL.] (Zoöl.) Same as Phylactolaema.

Phyle
Phy´le, n. ; pl. Phylae (#). [NL., fr. Gr. a body of men united by ties of blood or habitation.] A local division of the people in ancient Athens; a clan; a tribe.

Phyllite
Phyl´lite, n. [See Phylo-.] (Min.) (a) A mineral related to ottrelite. (b) Clay slate; argillaceous schist.

Phyllobranchia
Phyl•lo•bran´chi•a, n. ; pl. Phyllobranciae (#). [NL. See Phyllo-, and Branchia.] (Zoöl.) A crustacean gill composed of lamellae.

Phyllocyanin
Phyl•lo•cy´a•nin, n. [ Phyllo- + cyanin.] (Chem.) A blue coloring matter extracted from chlorophyll. [Written also phyllocyanine.]

Phyllocyst
Phyl´lo•cyst, n. [ Phyllo- + cyst.] (Zoöl.) The cavity of a hydrophyllium.

Phyllode
Phyl´lode, n. (Bot.) Same as Phyllodium.

Phyllodium
Phyl•lo´di•um, n. ; pl. Phyllodia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. leaflike; leaf + form.] (Bot.) A petiole dilated into the form of a blade, and usually with vertical edges, as in the Australian acacias.

Phyllody
Phyl´lo•dy, n. [See Phyllodium.] (Bot.) A retrograde metamorphosis of the floral organs to the condition of leaves.

Phyllomania
Phyl•lo•ma´ni•a, n. [ Phyllo- + mania.] (Bot.) An abnormal or excessive production of leaves.

Phyllome
Phyl´lome, n. [Gr. foliage, fr. a leaf.] (Bot.) A foliar part of a plant; any organ homologous with a leaf, or produced by metamorphosis of a leaf.

Phyllomorphosis
Phyl•lo•mor•pho´sis, n. [NL. See Phyllo-, Morphosis.] (Bot.) The succession and variation of leaves during different seasons. R. Brown.

Phyllophagous
Phyl•loph´a•gous, a. (Zoöl.) Substituting on leaves; leaf- eating.

Phyllophorous
Phyl•loph´o•rous, a. [ Phyllo- + Gr. to bear.] (Bot.) Leaf-bearing; producing leaves.

Phyllopod
Phyl´lo•pod, n. (Zoöl.) One of the Phyllopoda. [Also used adjectively.]

Phyllopoda
Phyl•lop´o•da, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. a leaf + -poda.] (Zoöl.) An order of Entomostraca including a large number of species, most of which live in fresh water. They have flattened or leaflike legs, often very numerous, which they use in swimming. Called also Branchiopoda. In some, the body is covered with a bivalve shell ( Holostraca); in others, as Apus, by a shield-shaped carapace ( Monostraca); in others, like Artemia, there is no carapace, and the body is regularly segmented. Sometimes the group is made to include also the Cladocera.

Phyllopodous
Phyl•lop´o•dous, a. (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the Phyllopoda.

Phyllorhine
Phyl´lo•rhine, a. [ Phyllo- + Gr.,, the nose.] (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to Phyllorhina and other related genera of bats that have a leaflike membrane around the nostrils.

Phyllosoma
Phyl•lo•so´ma, n. [NL. See Phyllo-, and -some body.] (Zoöl.) The larva of the spiny lobsters ( Palinurus and allied genera). Its body is remarkably thin, flat, and transparent; the legs are very long. Called also glass-crab, and glass- shrimp.

Phyllostomid
Phyl•los´to•mid, n. A phyllostome.

Phyllotactic
Phyl•lo•tac´tic, a. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to phyllotaxy. { Phyl´lo•tax•y, Phyl´lo•tax•is } n. [ Phyllo- + Gr. ta•xis order.] (Bot.) The order or arrangement of leaves on the stem; the science of the relative position of leaves.

Phyllous
Phyl´lous, a. (Bot.) Homologous with a leaf; as the sepals, petals, stamens, and pistils are phyllous organs.

Phylloxanthin
Phyl•lo•xan´thin, n. [ Phyllo- + Gr. yellow.] (Bot.) A yellow coloring matter extracted from chlorophyll.

Phylloxera
Phyl•lox•e´ra, n. [NL., fr. Gr. leaf + dry.]
1. (Zoöl.) A small hemipterous insect ( Phylloxera vastatrix) allied to the aphids. It attacks the roots and leaves of the grapevine, doing great damage, especially in Europe. It exists in several forms, some of which are winged, other wingless. One form produces galls on the leaves and twigs, another affects the roots, causing galls or swellings, and often killing the vine.
2. The diseased condition of a vine caused by the insect just described. { Phy•lo•gen´e•sis, Phy•log´e•ny } n. [Gr. tribe + E. genesis, or root of Gr. to be born.] The history of genealogical development; the race history of an animal or vegetable type; the historic exolution of the phylon or tribe, in distinction from ontogeny, or the development of the individual organism, and from biogenesis, or life development generally.

Phylogenetic
Phy•lo•ge•net´ic, a. Relating to phylogenesis, or the race history of a type of organism. — Phy•lo•ge•net´ic•al•ly (#), adv.

Phylon
Phy´lon, n. ; pl. Phyla (#). [NL., fr. Gr. race, tribe.] (Biol.) A tribe.

Phylum
Phy´lum, n. ; pl. Phyla (#). [NL. See Phylon.] (Zoöl.) One of the larger divisions of the animal kingdom; a branch; a grand division.

Phylum
Phy´lum, n. (Biol.) A series of animals or plants genetically connected.

Phyma
Phy´ma, n. ; pl. Phymata (#). [NL., fr. Gr., fr. to produce.] (Med.) A tubercle on any external part of the body.

Physa
Phy´sa, n. [NL., fr. Gr. a bellows.] (Zoöl.) A genus of fresh-water Pulmonifera, having reversed spiral shells. See Pond snail, under Pond.

Physaliae
Phy•sa´li•ae, n. pl. [NL.] (Zoöl.) An order of Siphonophora which includes Physalia.

Physemaria
Phys•e•ma´ri•a, n. pl. [NL., from Gr. a blowing.] (Zoöl.) A group of simple marine organisms, usually classed as the lowest of the sponges. They have inflated hollow bodies.

Physeter
Phy•se´ter, n. [L., fr. Gr., fr. to blow: cf. F. physetère.]
1. (Zoöl.) The genus that includes the sperm whale.
2. A filtering machine operated by air pressure.

Physianthropy
Phys•i•an´thro•py, n. [Gr. fy•sis nature + man.] The philosophy of human life, or the doctrine of the constitution and diseases of man, and their remedies.

Physic
Phys´ic, n. [OE. phisike, fisike, OF. phisique, F. physique knowledge of nature, physics, L. physica, physice, fr. Gr., fr. fysiko•s natural, from fy•sis nature, fr. to produce, grow, akin to E. be. See Be, and cf. Physics, Physique.]
1. The art of healing diseases; the science of medicine; the theory or practice of medicine. "A doctor of physik." Chaucer.
2. A specific internal application for the cure or relief of sickness; a remedy for disease; a medicine.
3. Specifically, a medicine that purges; a cathartic.
4. A physician. [R.] Shak. Physic nut (Bot.), a small tropical American euphorbiaceous tree ( Jatropha Curcas), and its seeds, which are well flavored, but contain a drastic oil which renders them dangerous if eaten in large quantities.

Physic
Phys´ic, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Physiced p. pr. & vb. n. Physicking ]
1. To treat with physic or medicine; to administer medicine to, esp. a cathartic; to operate on as a cathartic; to purge.
2. To work on as a remedy; to heal; to cure.
"The labor we delight in physics pain." Shak.
"A mind diseased no remedy can physic." Byron.

Physician
Phy•si´cian, n. [OE. fisician, fisicien, OF. physucien, a physician, in F., a natural philosopher, an experimentalist in physics. See Physic.]
1. A person skilled in physic, or the art of healing; one duty authorized to prescribe remedies for, and treat, diseases; a doctor of medicine.
2. Hence, figuratively, one who ministers to moral diseases; as a physician of the soul.

Physicism
Phys´i•cism, n. The tendency of the mind toward, or its preoccupation with, physical phenomena; materialism in philosophy and religion.
"Anthropomorphism grows into theology, while physicism (if I may so call it) develops into science." Huxley.

Physicist
Phys´i•cist, n. One versed in physics.
2. (Biol.) A believer in the theory that the fundamental phenomena of life are to be explained upon purely chemical and physical principles; — opposed to vitalist.

Physicking
Phys´ick•ing, p. pr. & vb. n. fr. Physic, v. t.

Physicochemical
Phys•i•co•chem´ic•al, a. [ Physico- + chemical.] Involving the principles of both physics and chemistry; dependent on, or produced by, the joint action of physical and chemical agencies. Huxley.

Physicologic
Phys•i•co•log´ic, n. [ Physico- + logic.] Logic illustrated by physics.

Physicological
Phys•i•co•log´ic•al, a. Of or pertaining to physicologic. Swift.

Physicology
Phys•i•col´o•gy, n. [ Physico- + -logy.] Physics. [R.] — Phys•i•col´o•gist (#), n. [R.]

Physico-mathematics
Phys•i•co-math•e•mat´ics, n. [ Physico- + mathematics.] Mixed mathematics.

Physico-philosophy
Phys•i•co-phi•los´o•phy, n. [ Physico- + philosophy.] The philosophy of nature.

Physico-theology
Phys•i•co-the•ol´o•gy, n. [ Physico- + theology.] Theology or divinity illustrated or enforced by physics or natural philosophy.

Physics
Phys´ics, n. [See Physic.] The science of nature, or of natural objects; that branch of science which treats of the laws and properties of matter, and the forces acting upon it; especially, that department of natural science which treats of the causes (as gravitation, heat, light, magnetism, electricity, etc.) that modify the general properties of bodies; natural philosophy. Chemistry, though a branch of general physics, is commonly treated as a science by itself, and the application of physical principles which it involves constitute a branch called chemical physics, which treats more especially of those physical properties of matter which are used by chemists in defining and distinguishing substances.

Physiogeny
Phys•i•og´e•ny, n. [Gr. fy•sis nature + root of to be born.] (Biol.) The germ history of the functions, or the history of the development of vital activities, in the individual, being one of the branches of ontogeny. See Morphogeny. Haeckel.

Physiognomist
Phys•i•og•nom´ist, n. Same as Physiognomy, 1.

Physiognomist
Phys•i•og´no•mist, n. [Cf. F. physiognomiste.]
1. One skilled in physiognomy. Dryden.
2. One who tells fortunes by physiognomy. Holland.

Physiognomize
Phys•i•og´no•mize, v. t. To observe and study the physiognomy of. [R.] Southey.

Physiognommonic
Phys•i•og•no•mmon´ic, a. Physiognomic.

Physiognomy
Phys•i•og´no•my, n. ; pl. Physiognomies (#). [OE. fisonomie, phisonomie, fisnamie, OF. phisonomie, F. physiognomie, physiognomonie, from Gr. ; fy•sis nature + one who knows or examines, a judge, fr.,, to know. See Physic, and Know, and cf. Phiz.]
1. The art and science of discovering the predominant temper, and other characteristic qualities of the mind, by the outward appearance, especially by the features of the face.
2. The face or countenance, with respect to the temper of the mind; particular configuration, cast, or expression of countenance, as denoting character.
3. The art telling fortunes by inspection of the features. [Obs.] Bale.
4. The general appearance or aspect of a thing, without reference to its scientific characteristics; as the physiognomy of a plant, or of a meteor.

Physiography
Phys•i•og´ra•phy, n. [Gr. fy•sis nature + -graphy: cf. F. physiographie.] The science which treats of the earth’s exterior physical features, climate, life, etc., and of the physical movements or changes on the earth’s surface, as the currents of the atmosphere and ocean, the secular variations in heat, moisture, magnetism, etc.; physical geography.

Physiography
Phys•i•og´ra•phy, n. The descriptive part of a natural science as distinguished from the explanatory or theoretic part; as mineral physiography.

Physiolatry
Phys•i•ol´a•try, n. [Gr. fy•sis nature + service.] The worship of the powers or agencies of nature; materialism in religion; nature worship. "The physiolatry of the Vedas." M. Williams.

Physiologer
Phys•i•ol´o•ger, n. A physiologist.

Physiologic
Phys•i•o•log´ic, a. [L. physiologicus, Gr. : cf. F. physiologique.] Physiological.

Physiological
Phys•i•o•log´ic•al, a. Of or pertaining to physiology; relating to the science of the functions of living organism; as physiological botany or chemistry.

Physiologically
Phys•i•o•log´ic•al•ly, adv. In a physiological manner.

Physiologist
Phys•i•ol´o•gist, n. [Cf. F. physiologiste.] One who is versed in the science of physiology; a student of the properties and functions of animal and vegetable organs and tissues.

Physiologize
Phys•i•ol´o•gize, v. i. To speculate in physiology; to make physiological investigations. Cudworth.

Physiology
Phys•i•ol´o•gy, n. ; pl. Physiologies (#). [L. physiologia, Gr. ; fy•sis nature + discourse: cf. F. physiologie.]
1. The science which treats of the phenomena of living organisms; the study of the processes incidental to, and characteristic of, life. It is divided into animal and vegetable physiology, dealing with animal and vegetable life respectively. When applied especially to a study of the functions of the organs and tissues in man, it is called human physiology.
2. A treatise on physiology. Mental physiology, the science of the functions and phenomena of the mind, as distinguished from a philosophical explanation of the same.

Physiophyly
Phys•i•oph´y•ly, n. [Gr. fy•sis nature + a clan.] (Biol.) The tribal history of the functions, or the history of the paleontological development of vital activities, — being a branch of phylogeny. See Morphophyly. Haeckel.

Physoclist
Phys´o•clist, n. (Zoöl.) One of the Physoclisti.

Physoclisti
Phys•o•clis´ti, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. a bellows + to close.] (Zoöl.) An order of teleost in which the air bladder has no opening.

Physograde
Phys´o•grade, n. [Gr. a bellows + L. gradi to walk, go.] (Zoöl.) Any siphonophore which has an air sac for a float, as the Physalia.

Physophorae
Phy•soph´o•rae, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. a bellows + to bear.] (Zoöl.) An order of Siphonophora, furnished with an air sac, or float, and a series of nectocalyces. See Illust. under Nectocalyx.

Physopoda
Phy•sop´o•da, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. a bellows + -poda.] (Zoöl.) Same as Thysanoptera.

Physostomi
Phy•sos´to•mi, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. a bellows + mouth.] (Zoöl.) An order of fishes in which the air bladder is provided with a duct, and the ventral fins, when present, are abdominal. It includes the salmons, herrings, carps, catfishes, and others.

Physostomous
Phy•sos´to•mous, a. (Zoöl.) (a) Having a duct to the air bladder. (b) Pertaining to the Physostomi.

Phytelephas
Phy•tel´e•phas, n. [NL., fr. Gr. a plant + the elephant; also ivory.] (Bot.) A genus of South American palm trees, the seeds of which furnish the substance called vegetable ivory.

Phytivorous
Phy•tiv´o•rous, a. [ Phyto- + L. vorare to eat greedily.] Feeding on plants or herbage; phytophagous; as phytivorous animals. Ray.

Phyto-
Phy´to- [See Physic.] A combining form from Gr. fyto•n a plant; as phytochemistry, phytography.

Phytochemistry
Phy´to•chem´is•try, n. [ Phyto- + chemistry.] Chemistry in its relation to vegetable bodies; vegetable chemistry. R. Hunt.

Phytochimy
Phy•toch´i•my, n. [F. phytochimie; Gr. a plant + F. chimie chemistry.] Phytochemistry. [Obsoles.] { Phy•to•gen´e•sis, Phy•tog´e•ny } n. [ Phyto- + genesis, or root of Gr. to be born.] The doctrine of the generation of plants.

Phytogeographical
Phy•to•ge´o•graph´ic•al, a. Of or pertaining to phytogeography.

Phytogeography
Phy•to•ge•og´ra•phy, n. [ Phyto- + geography.] The geographical distribution of plants.

Phytoglyphic
Phy•to•glyph´ic, a. Relating to phytoglyphy.

Phytoglyphy
Phy•tog´ly•phy, n. [ Phyto- + Gr. to engrave.] See Nature printing, under Nature.

Phytography
Phy•tog´ra•phy, n. [ Phyto- + -graphy: cf. F. phytographie.] The science of describing plants in a systematic manner; also a description of plants.

Phytoid
Phy´toid, a. [ Phyto- + - oid.] Resembling a plant; plantlike.

Phytolacca
Phy•to•lac´ca, n. [NL., fr. Gr. plant + It. lacca lac.] (Bot.) A genus of herbaceous plants, some of them having berries which abound in intensely red juice; poke, or pokeweed.

Phytolite
Phy´to•lite, n. [ Phyto- + -lite: cf. F. phytolithe.] An old name for a fossil plant.

Phytolithologist
Phy•to•li•thol´o•gist, n. One versed in phytolithology; a paleobotanist.

Phytolithology
Phy•to•li•thol´o•gy, n. [ Phyto- + lithology.] The branch of science which treats of fossil plants; — usually called paleobotany, sometimes paleophytology.