Ox (oks), n. ; pl. Oxen (#). [AS. oxa; akin to D. os. G. ochs, ochse, OHG. ohso, Icel. oxi, Sw. & Dan. oxe, Goth. aúhsa, Skr. ukshan ox, bull; cf. Skr. uksh to sprinkle. rad.214. Cf. Humid, Aurochs.] (Zoöl.) The male of bovine quadrupeds, especially the domestic animal when castrated and grown to its full size, or nearly so. The word is also applied, as a general name, to any species of bovine animals, male and female.
"All sheep and oxen, yea, and the beasts of the field." Ps. viii. 7. The castrated male is called a steer until it attains its full growth, and then, an ox; but if castrated somewhat late in life, it is called a stag. The male, not castrated, is called a bull. These distinctions are well established in regard to domestic animals of this genus. When wild animals of this kind are spoken of, ox is often applied both to the male and the female. The name ox is never applied to the individual cow, or female, of the domestic kind. Oxen may comprehend both the male and the female. Grunting ox (Zoöl.), the yak. — Indian ox (Zoöl.), the zebu. — Javan ox (Zoöl.), the banteng. — Musk ox. (Zoöl.) See under Musk. — Ox bile. See Ox gall, below. — Ox gall, the fresh gall of the domestic ox; — used in the arts and in medicine. — Ox pith, ox marrow. [Obs.] Marston. — Ox ray (Zoöl.), a very large ray ( Dicerobatis Giornae) of Southern Europe. It has a hornlike organ projecting forward from each pectoral fin. It sometimes becomes twenty feet long and twenty-eight feet broad, and weighs over a ton. Called also sea devil. — To have the black ox tread on one’s foot, to be unfortunate; to know what sorrow is (because black oxen were sacrificed to Pluto). Leigh Hunt.

Oxacid
Ox•ac´id (oks•as"id), n. (Chem.) See Oxyacid.

Oxalan
Ox´a•lan, n. [From Alloxan, by transposition of letters.] (Chem.) A complex nitrogenous substance C₃N₃H₅O₃ obtained from alloxan (or when urea is fused with ethyl oxamate), as a stable white crystalline powder; — called also oxaluramide.

Oxalantin
Ox•a•lan´tin, n. [From Alloxantin, by transposition of letters.] (Chem.) A white crystalline nitrogenous substance (C₆H₄N₄O₅) obtained by the reduction of parabanic acid; — called also leucoturic acid.

Oxalate
Ox´a•late, n. [Cf. F. oxalate. See Oxalic.] (Chem.) A salt of oxalic acid.

Oxaldehyde
Ox•al´de•hyde, n. [ Oxalic + aldehyde.] (Chem.) Same as Glyoxal.

Oxalethyline
Ox•al•eth´yl•ine, n. [ Oxalic + ethyl + -ine.] A poisonous nitrogenous base (C₆H₁₀N₂) obtained indirectly from oxamide as a thick transparent oil which has a strong narcotic odor, and a physiological action resembling that of atropine. It is probably related to pyridine.

Oxalic
Ox•al´ic, a. [From Oxalis: cf. F. oxalique.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or contained in, sorrel, or oxalis; specifically, designating an acid found in, and characteristic of, oxalis, and also certain plant of the Buckwheat family. Oxalic acid (Chem.), a dibasic acid, existing combined in oxalis as an acid potassium oxalate, and in many plant tissues as the calcium oxalate. It is prepared on a large scale, by the action of fused caustic soda or potash on sawdust, as a white crystalline substance, which has a strong acid taste, and is poisonous in large doses. It is used in dyeing, calico printing, bleaching flax and straw, the preparation of formic acid, and in salts of lemon for removing ink stains, mold, etc.

Oxaline
Ox´a•line, n. [Gly oxal + - ine.] (Chem.) See Glyoxaline.

Oxalis
Ox´a•lis, n. [L., a kind of sorrel, Gr., fr. sharp, pungent, acid.] (Bot.) A genus of plants, mostly herbs, with acid-tasting trifoliolate or multifoliolate leaves; — called also wood sorrel.

Oxalite
Ox´a•lite, n. (Min.) A yellow mineral consisting of oxalate of iron.

Oxaluramide
Ox•a•lur•am´ide, n. [ Oxaluric + amide.] (Chem.) Same as Oxalan.

Oxalurate
Ox•a•lur´ate, n. (Chem.) A salt of oxaluric acid.

Oxaluric
Ox•a•lur´ic, a. [ Oxalyl + urea.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, a complex nitrogenous acid related to the ureids, and obtained from parabanic acid as a white silky crystalline substance.

Oxalyl
Ox´a•lyl, n. [ Oxalic + - yl.] (Chem.) (a) A hydrocarbon radical (C₂O₂) regarded as a residue of oxalic acid and occurring in derivatives of it. (b) An old name for carbonyl. (c) An old name for carboxyl.

Oxamate
Ox•am´ate, n. (Chem.) A salt of oxamic acid.

Oxamethane
Ox•a•meth´ane, n. [ Oxamic + ethyl.] (Chem.) Ethyl oxamate, obtained as a white scaly crystalline powder.

Oxamethylane
Ox•a•meth´yl•ane, n. [ Oxamic + methyl.] (Chem.) Methyl oxamate, obtained as a pearly white crystalline substance.

Oxamic
Ox•am´ic, a. [ Oxalic + a. ido] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid NH₂.C₂O₂.HO obtained as a fine crystalline powder, intermediate between oxalic acid and oxamide. Its ammonium salt is obtained by boiling oxamide with ammonia.

Oxamide
Ox•am´ide, n, [ Oxalic + amide.] (Chem.) A white crystalline neutral substance (C₂O₂(NH₂)₂) obtained by treating ethyl oxalate with ammonia. It is the acid amide of oxalic acid. Formerly called also oxalamide.

Oxamidine
Ox•am´i•dine, n. [ Oxygen + amido + -ine.] (Chem.) One of a series of bases containing the amido and the isonitroso groups united to the same carbon atom.

Oxanilamide
Ox•a•nil•am´ide, n. [ Oxanilic + amide.] (Chem.) A white crystalline nitrogenous substance, obtained indirectly by the action of cyanogen on aniline, and regarded as an anilide of oxamic acid; — called also phenyl oxamide.

Oxanilate
Ox•an´i•late, n. (Chem.) A salt of oxanilic acid.

Oxanilic
Ox•an•il´ic, a. [ Oxalic + aniline.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, oxalic acid and aniline; — used to designate an acid obtained in white crystalline scales by heating these substances together.

Oxanilide
Ox•an´i•lide, n. [ Oxalic + aniline + am ide.] (Chem.) A white crystalline substance, resembling oxanilamide, obtained by heating aniline oxalate, and regarded as a double anilide of oxalic acid; — called also diphenyl oxamide.

Oxbane
Ox´bane, n. (Bot.) A poisonous bulbous plant ( Buphane toxicaria) of the Cape of Good Hope.

Oxbird
Ox´bird, n. (Zoöl.) (a) The dunlin. (b) The sanderling. (c) An African weaver bird ( Textor alector).

Oxbiter
Ox´bit•er, n. (Zoöl.) The cow blackbird. [Local, U. S.]

Oxbow
Ox´bow, n. A frame of wood, bent into the shape of the letter U, and embracing an ox’s neck as a kind of collar, the upper ends passing through the bar of the yoke; also anything so shaped, as a bend in a river.

Oxeye
Ox´eye, n. [ Ox + eye.]
1. (Bot.) (a) The oxeye daisy. See under Daisy. (b) The corn camomile ( Anthemis arvensis). (c) A genus of composite plants ( Buphthalmum) with large yellow flowers.
2. (Zoöl.) (a) A titmouse, especially the great titmouse ( Parus major) and the blue titmouse ( P. cœruleus). [Prov. Eng.] (b) The dunlin. (c) A fish; the bogue, or box. Creeping oxeye (Bot.) a West Indian composite plant ( Wedelia carnosa). — Seaside oxeye (Bot.), a West Indian composite shrub ( Borrichia arborescens).

Oxeyed
Ox´•eyed, a. Having large, full eyes, like those of an ox. Burton.

Oxfly
Ox´fly, n. (Zoöl.) The gadfly of cattle.

Oxford
Ox´ford, a. Of or pertaining to the city or university of Oxford, England. Oxford movement. See Tractarianism. — Oxford School, a name given to those members of the Church of England who adopted the theology of the so-called Oxford "Tracts for the Times," issued the period 1833 — 1841. Shipley. — Oxford tie, a kind of shoe, laced on the instep, and usually covering the foot nearly to the ankle.

Oxgang
Ox´gang, n. [ Ox + gang, n., 1.] (O. Eng. Law) See Bovate.

Oxgoad
Ox´goad, n. A goad for driving oxen.

Oxhead
Ox´head, n. [Cf. Hogshead.] Literally, the head of an ox (emblem of cuckoldom); hence, a dolt; a blockhead.
"Dost make a mummer of me, oxhead?" Marston.

Oxheal
Ox´heal, n. (Bot.) Same as Bear’s-foot.

Oxheart
Ox´heart, n. A large heart- shaped cherry, either black, red, or white.

Oxhide
Ox´hide, n.
1. The skin of an ox, or leather made from it.
2. (O. Eng. Law) A measure of land. See 3d Hide.

Oxid
Ox´id, n. (Chem.) See Oxide.

Oxidability
Ox•i•da•bil´i•ty, n. [Cf. F. oxydabilite.] Capability of being converted into an oxide.

Oxidable
Ox´i•da•ble, a. [Cf. F. oxydable.] Capable of being converted into an oxide.

Oxidate
Ox´i•date, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Oxidated p. pr. & vb. n. Oxidating.] [Cf. f. oxyder. See Oxide.] (Chem.) To oxidize. [Obs.]

Oxidation
Ox•i•da´tion, n. [Cf. F. oxidation.] (Chem.) The act or process of oxidizing, or the state or result of being oxidized.

Oxidator
Ox´i•da•tor, n.
1. An oxidizer. [Obs.]
2. A contrivance for causing a current of air to impinge on the flame of the Argand lamp; — called also oxygenator.

Oxide
Ox´ide, n. [F. oxygène oxygen + ac ide acid: cf. F. oxyde. The French word was correctly spelt oxide, till about the year 1840, when, in ignorance or forgetfulness of the true history and composition of the word, the orthography was change to make it represent the υ of Gr. ’oxy•s, from which it was supposed to be directly derived.] (Chem.) A binary compound of oxygen with an atom or radical, or a compound which is regarded as binary; as iron oxide, ethyl oxide, nitrogen oxide, etc. In the chemical nomenclature adopted by Guyton de Morveau, Lavoisier,and their associates, the term oxides was made to include all compounds of oxygen which had no acid (F. acide) properties, as contrasted with the acids, all of which were at that time supposed to contain oxygen. The orthography oxyde, oxyd, etc., was afterwards introduced in ignorance or disregard of the true etymology, but these forms are now obsolete in English. The spelling oxid is not common.

Oxidizable
Ox´i•di•za•ble, a. Capable of being oxidized.

Oxidize
Ox´i•dize, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Oxidized p. pr. & vb. n. Oxidizing.] (Chem.) To combine with oxygen, or subject to the action of oxygen, or of an oxidizing agent. Specifically: (a) To combine with oxygen or with more oxygen; to add oxygen to; as to oxidize nitrous acid so as to form nitric acid. (b) To remove hydrogen from (anything), as by the action of oxygen; as to oxidize alcohol so as to form aldehyde. (c) To subject to the action of oxygen or of an oxidizing agent, so as to bring to a higher grade, as an -ous compound to an -ic compound; as to oxidize mercurous chloride to mercuric chloride. In certain cases to oxidize is identical with to acidify; for, in nearly all cases, the more oxygen a substance contains the more nearly does it approximate to acid qualities; thus, by oxidation many elements, as sulphur, nitrogen, carbon, chromium, manganese, etc., pass into compounds which are acid anhydrides, and thus practically in the acid state.

Oxidizement
Ox´i•dize•ment, n. Oxidation. [R.]

Oxidizer
Ox´i•di•zer, n. (Chem.) An agent employed in oxidation, or which facilitates or brings about combination with oxygen; as nitric acid, chlorine, bromine, etc., are strong oxidizers.

Oxidulated
Ox•id´u•la•ted, a. (Chem.) Existing in the state of a protoxide; — said of an oxide. [R.]

Oxime
Ox´ime, n. (Chem.) One of a series of isonitroso derivatives obtained by the action of hydroxylamine on aldehydes or ketones.

Oxindol
Ox•in´dol, n. [ Oxygen + indol.] (Chem.) A white crystalline nitrogenous substance (C₈H₇NO) of the indol group, obtained by the reduction of dioxindol. It is a so-called lactam compound.

Oxiodic
Ox•i•od´ic, a. [ Oxy- ( a) + iodic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, certain compounds of iodine and oxygen.

Oxlike
Ox´like, a. Characteristic of, or like, an ox.

Oxlip
Ox´lip, n. [AS. oxanslyppe. See Ox, and Cowslip.] (Bot.) The great cowslip ( Primula veris, var. elatior).

Oxonate
Ox´o•nate, n. (Chem.) A salt of oxonic acid.

Oxonian
Ox•o´ni•an, a. Of or relating to the city or the university of Oxford, England. Macaulay.

Oxonian
Ox•o´ni•an, n. A student or graduate of Oxford University, in England.

Oxonic
Ox•on´ic, a. [Prob. gly oxalic + carb onic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, a complex nitrogenous acid (C₄H₅N₃O₄) not known in the free state, but obtained, in combination with its salts, by a slow oxidation of uric acid, to which it is related.

Oxpecker
Ox´peck•er, n. (Zoöl.) An African bird of the genus Buphaga; the beefeater.

Oxshoe
Ox´shoe, n. A shoe for oxen, consisting of a flat piece of iron nailed to the hoof.

Oxter
Ox´ter, n. [AS. ohsta.] The armpit; also the arm. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

Oxtongue
Ox´tongue, n. (Bot.) A name given to several plants, from the shape and roughness of their leaves; as Anchusa officinalis, a kind of bugloss, and Helminthia echioides, both European herbs.

Oxy-
Ox´y- (Chem.) A prefix, also used adjectively, designating: (a) A compound containing oxygen. (b) A compound containing the hydroxyl group, more properly designated by hydroxy-. See Hydroxy-. Oxy acid. See Oxyacid (below).

Oxyacetic
Ox•y•a•ce´tic, a. [ Oxy- ( b) + acetic.] Hydroxyacetic; designating an acid called also glycolic acid.

Oxyacid
Ox•y•ac´id, n. [ Oxy- (a) + acid.] (Chem.) An acid containing oxygen, as chloric acid or sulphuric acid; — contrasted with the hydracids, which contain no oxygen, as hydrochloric acid. See Acid, and Hydroxy-.

Oxyammonia
Ox•y•am•mo´ni•a, n. [ Oxy- (b) + ammonia.] (Chem.) Same as Hydroxylamine.

Oxybenzene
Ox•y•ben´zene, n. [ Oxy- (b) + benzene.] (Chem.) Hydroxy benzene. Same as Phenol.

Oxybenzoic
Ox•y•ben•zo´ic, a. [ Oxy- (b) + benzoic.] (Chem.) Hydroxybenzoic; pertaining to, or designating, any one of several hydroxyl derivatives of benzonic acid, of which the commonest is salicylic acid.

Oxybromic
Ox•y•bro´mic, a. [ Oxy- (a) + bromic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, certain compounds of oxygen and bromine.

Oxybutyric
Ox•y•bu•tyr´ic, a. [ Oxy- (b) + butyric.] (Chem.) Hydroxybutyric; designating any one of a group of metameric acids (C₃H₆.OH.CO₂H).

Oxycalcium
Ox•y•cal´ci•um, a. [ Oxy- (a) + calcium.] Of or pertaining to oxygen and calcium; as the oxycalcium light. See Drummond light.

Oxycaproic
Ox•y•ca•pro´ic, a. (Chem.) See Leucic.

Oxychloric
Ox•y•chlo´ric, a. [ Oxy- (a) + chloric.] (Chem.) (a) Of, pertaining to, or designating in general, certain compounds containing oxygen and chlorine. (b) Formerly designating an acid now called perchloric acid. See Perchloric.

Oxychloride
Ox•y•chlo´ride, n. [ Oxy- (a) + chloride.] (Chem.) A ternary compound of oxygen and chlorine; as plumbic oxychloride.

Oxycrate
Ox´y•crate, n. [Gr. ; acid + to mix: cf. F. oxycrat.] (med.) A Mixture of water and vinegar. Wiseman.

Oxycymene
Ox•y•cy´mene, n. [ Oxy- (b) + cymene.] (Chem.) Hydroxy cymene. Same as Carvacrol.

Oxygen
Ox´y•gen, n. [F. oxygène, from Gr. sharp, acid + root of to be born. So called because originally supposed to be an essential part of every acid.]
1. (Chem.) A colorless, tasteless, odorless, gaseous element occurring in the free state in the atmosphere, of which it forms about 23 per cent by weight and about 21 per cent by volume, being slightly heavier than nitrogen. Symbol O. Atomic weight 15.96. It occurs combined in immense quantities, forming eight ninths by weight of water, and probably one half by weight of the entire solid crust of the globe, being an ingredient of silica, the silicates, sulphates, carbonates, nitrates, etc. Oxygen combines with all elements (except fluorine), forming oxides, bases, oxyacid anhydrides, etc., the process in general being called oxidation, of which combustion is only an intense modification. At ordinary temperatures with most substances it is moderately active, but at higher temperatures it is one of the most violent and powerful chemical agents known. It is indispensable in respiration, and in general is the most universally active and efficient element. It may be prepared in the pure state by heating potassium chlorate. This element (called dephlogisticated air by Priestley) was named oxygen by Lavoisier because he supposed it to be a constituent of all acids. This is not so in the case of a very few acids (as hydrochloric, hydrobromic, hydric sulphide, etc.), but these do contain elements analogous to oxygen in property and action. Moreover, the fact that most elements approach the nearer to acid qualities in proportion as they are combined with more oxygen, shows the great accuracy and breadth of Lavoisier’s conception of its nature.
2. Chlorine used in bleaching. [Manufacturing name]

Oxygenate
Ox´y•gen•ate, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Oxygenated p. pr. & vb. n. Oxygenating ] [Cf. F. oxygener.] (Chem.) To unite, or cause to combine, with oxygen; to treat with oxygen; to oxidize; as oxygenated water (hydrogen dioxide).

Oxygenation
Ox•y•gen•a´tion, n. [Cf. F. oxygenation.] (Chem.) The act or process of combining or of treating with oxygen; oxidation.

Oxygenator
Ox´y•gen•a•tor, n. An oxidizer.

Oxygenic
Ox•y•gen´ic, a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, containing, or resembling, oxygen; producing oxygen.

Oxygenium
Ox•y•ge´ni•um, n. [NL.] (Chem.) The technical name of oxygen. [R.]

Oxygenizable
Ox´y•gen•i´za•ble, a. (Chem.) Oxidizable.

Oxygenize
Ox´y•gen•ize, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Oxygenized p pr. & vb. n. Oxygenizing ] (Chem.) To oxidize.

Oxygenizement
Ox´y•gen•ize•ment, n. Oxidation.

Oxygenous
Ox•yg´e•nous, a. Oxygenic.

Oxygon
Ox´y•gon, n. [Gr. sharp + an angle: cf.F. oxygone.] (Geom.) A triangle having three acute angles. { Ox•yg´o•nal, Ox•y•go´ni•al } a. Having acute angles. Barlow. { Ox•Y•haem•a•cy´a•nin, Ox•y•haem•o•cy´a•nin } n. [ Oxy- (a) + haemacyanin, haemocyanin.] (Physiol. Chem.) See Haemacyanin. { Ox•y•haem•o•glo´bin, Ox•y•hem•o•glo´bin }, n. [ Oxy- (a) + haemoglobin, hemoglobin.] (Physiol. Chem.) See Hemoglobin.