Jealous
Jeal´ous, a. [OE. jalous, gelus, OF. jalous, F. jaloux, LL. zelosus zealous, fr. zelus emulation, zeal, jealousy, Gr. zh^los. See Zeal, and cf. Zealous.]
1. Zealous; solicitous; vigilant; anxiously watchful.
"I have been very jealous for the Lord God of hosts." Kings xix. 10.
"How nicely jealous is every one of us of his own repute!" Dr. H. More.
2. Apprehensive; anxious; suspiciously watchful.
"’This doing wrong creates such doubts as these,
Renders us jealous and disturbs our peace." Waller.
"The people are so jealous of the clergy’s ambition." Swift.
3. Exacting exclusive devotion; intolerant of rivalry.
"Thou shalt worship no other God; for the Lord, whose name is Jealous, is a jealous God." Ex. xxxiv. 14.
4. Disposed to suspect rivalry in matters of interest and affection; apprehensive regarding the motives of possible rivals, or the fidelity of friends; distrustful; having morbid fear of rivalry in love or preference given to another; painfully suspicious of the faithfulness of husband, wife, or lover.
"If the spirit of jealousy come upon him, and he be jealous of his wife." Num. v. 14.
"To both these sisters have I sworn my love:
Each jealous of the other, as the stung
Are of the adder." Shak.
"It is one of the best bonds, both of chastity and obedience, in the wife, if she think her husband wise; which she will never do if she find him jealous." Bacon.
Syn. — Suspicious; anxious; envious. Jealous, Suspicious. Suspicious is the wider term. We suspect a person when we distrust his honesty and imagine he has some bad design. We are jealous when we suspect him of aiming to deprive us of what we dearly prize. Iago began by awakening the suspicions of Othello, and converted them at last into jealousy. "Suspicion may be excited by some kind of accusation, not supported by evidence sufficient for conviction, but sufficient to trouble the repose of confidence." "Jealousy is a painful apprehension of rivalship in cases that are peculiarly interesting to us." Cogan.
Jealousness
Jeal´ous•ness, n. State or quality of being jealous.
Jealousy
Jeal´ous•y, n. ; pl. Jealousies (#). [ F. jalousie. See Jealous, and cf. Jalousie.] The quality of being jealous; earnest concern or solicitude; painful apprehension of rivalship in cases nearly affecting one’s happiness; painful suspicion of the faithfulness of husband, wife, or lover.
"I was jealous for jealousy. " Zech. viii. 2.
"Jealousy is the … apprehension of superiority." Shenstone.
"Whoever had qualities to alarm our jealousy, had excellence to deserve our fondness." Rambler.
Jeames, n. [Corrup. of James.] A footman; a flunky. [Slang, Eng.] Thackeray.
Jean, n. [Prob. named from Genoa. See Jane.] A twilled cotton cloth. Satin jean, a kind of jean woven smooth and glossy, after the manner of satin.
Jeat, n. (Min.) See Jet. [Obs.]
Jedding ax
Jed"ding ax, n. A stone mason’s tool, having a flat face and a pointed part. Knight.
Jeel, n. [Hind. jhil.] A morass; a shallow lake. [Written also jhil.] [India] Whitworth.
Jeer, n. [Cf. Gear.] (Naut.) (a) A gear; a tackle. (b) pl. An assemblage or combination of tackles, for hoisting or lowering the lower yards of a ship. Jeer capstan (Naut.), an extra capstan usually placed between the foremast and mainmast.
Jeer, v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Jeered p. pr. & vb. n. Jeering.] [Perh. a corrup. of cheer to salute with cheers, taken in an ironical sense; or more prob. fr. D. gek scheren to jeer, lit., to shear the fool; gek a fool (see 1st Geck) + scheren to shear. See Shear, v. ] To utter sarcastic or scoffing reflections; to speak with mockery or derision; to use taunting language; to scoff; as to jeer at a speaker.
"But when he saw her toy and gibe and jeer." Spenser.
Syn. — To sneer; scoff; flout; gibe; mock.
Jeering
Jeer´ing, a. Mocking; scoffing. — n. A mocking utterance. — Jeer´ing•ly, adv.
Jehovist
Je•ho´vist, n.
1. One who maintains that the vowel points of the word Jehovah, in Hebrew, are the proper vowels of that word; — opposed to adonist.
2. The writer of the passages of the Old Testament, especially those of the Pentateuch, in which the Supreme Being is styled Jehovah. See Elohist.
"The characteristic manner of the Jehovist differs from that of his predecessor [the Elohist]. He is fuller and freer in his descriptions; more reflective in his assignment of motives and causes; more artificial in mode of narration." S. Davidson.
Jehovistic
Je•ho•vis´tic, a. Relating to, or containing, Jehovah, as a name of God; — said of certain parts of the Old Testament, especially of the Pentateuch, in which Jehovah appears as the name of the Deity. See Elohistic.
Jejunity
Je•ju´ni•ty, n. The quality of being jejune; jejuneness.
Jellied
Jel´lied, a. Brought to the state or consistence of jelly.
Jellify
Jel´li•fy, v. t. & i. [ imp. & p. p. Jellified p. pr. & vb. n. Jellifying ] To make, or to become, gelatinous; to jelly. — Jel•li•fi•ca´tion (#), n. { Je•quir´i•ty, n. , or Je•quir"i•ty bean• }. [Prob. fr. a native name.] (Bot.) The seed of the wild licorice ( Abrus precatorius) used by the people of India for beads in rosaries and necklaces, as a standard weight, etc.; — called also jumble bead.
Jelly
Jel´ly, n. ; pl. Jellies (#). [ Formerly gelly, gely, F. gelee jelly, frost, fr. geler to freeze. L. gelare; akin to gelu frost. See Gelid.]
1. Anything brought to a gelatinous condition; a viscous, translucent substance in a condition between liquid and solid; a stiffened solution of gelatin, gum, or the like.
2. The juice of fruits or meats boiled with sugar to an elastic consistence; as currant jelly; calf’s- foot jelly. Jelly bag, a bag through which the material for jelly is strained. — Jelly mold, a mold for forming jelly in ornamental shapes. — Jelly plant (Bot.), Australian name of an edible seaweed ( Eucheuma speciosum), from which an excellent jelly is made. J. Smith. — Jelly powder, an explosive, composed of nitroglycerin and collodion cotton; — so called from its resemblance to calf’s-foot jelly.
Jelly
Jel´ly, v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Jellied p. pr. & vb. n. Jellying.] To become jelly; to come to the state or consistency of jelly.
Jellyfish
Jel´ly•fish, n. (Zoöl.) Any one of the acalephs, esp. one of the larger species, having a jellylike appearance. See Medusa.
Jemminess
Jem´mi•ness, n. Spruceness. [Slang, Eng.] Pegge (1814).
Jemmy
Jem´my, a. [Cf. Gim, and Gimp, a. ] Spruce. [Slang, Eng.] Smart.
Jemmy
Jem´my, n.
1. A short crowbar. See Jimmy.
2. A baked sheep’s head. [Slang, Eng.] Dickens.
Jenneting
Jen´net•ing, n. [Prob. fr. a dim. of Jean John, so named as becoming ripe about St. John’s day, June 24. F. Jean is fr. L. Johannes. See Zany.] A variety of early apple. See Juneating. [Written also geniting.]
Jenny
Jen´ny, n. [A corruption of gin an engine; influenced by Jenny, the proper name. See Gin an engine, and cf. Ginny-carriage.] A machine for spinning a number of threads at once, — used in factories.
Jentling
Jent´ling, n. (Zoöl.) A fish of the genus Leuciscus; the blue chub of the Danube.
Jeopard
Jeop´ard, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Jeoparded; p. pr. & vb. n. Jeoparding.] [From Jeopardy.] To put in jeopardy; to expose to loss or injury; to imperil; to hazard. Sir T. North.
"A people that jeoparded their lives unto the death." Judg. v. 18.
Syn. — To hazard; risk; imperil; endanger; expose.
Jeopardize
Jeop´ard•ize, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Jeopardized p. pr. & vb. n. Jeopardizing ] To expose to loss or injury; to risk; to jeopard.
"That he should jeopardize his willful head
Only for spite at me." H. Taylor.
Jeopardy
Jeop´ard•y, n. [OE. jupartie, juperti, jeuparti, OF. jeu parti an even game, a game in which the chances are even; OF. jeu, ju, F. jeu (L. jocus jest) + F. partier to divide, L. partire to divide. See Joke, and Part.] Exposure to death, loss, or injury; hazard; danger.
"There came down a storm of wind on the lake; and they were filled with water, and were in jeopardy." Luke viii. 23.
"Look to thyself, thou art in jeopardy." Shak.
Syn. — Danger; peril; hazard; risk. See Danger.
Jereed
Jer•eed´, n. [Ar. jerid. Cf. Djereed.] A blunt javelin used by the people of the Levant, especially in mock fights. [Written also jerreed, jerid.] Byron. { Jer•e•mi´ad, Jer•e•mi´ade }, n. [From Jeremiah, the prophet: cf. F. jeremiade.] A tale of sorrow, disappointment, or complaint; a doleful story; a dolorous tirade; — generally used satirically.
"He has prolonged his complaint into an endless jeremiad." Lamb.
Jerk (jerk), v. t. [Corrupted from Peruv. charqui dried beef.] To cut into long slices or strips and dry in the sun; as to jerk beef. See Charqui.
Jerk, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Jerked (jerkt); p. pr. & vb. n. Jerking.] [Akin to yerk, and perh. also to yard a measure.]
1. To beat; to strike. [Obs.] Florio.
2. To give a quick and suddenly arrested thrust, push, pull, or twist, to; to yerk; as to jerk one with the elbow; to jerk a coat off.
3. To throw with a quick and suddenly arrested motion of the hand; as to jerk a stone.
Jerkin
Jer´kin, n. [Dim. of D. jurk a frock.] A jacket or short coat; a close waistcoat. Shak.
Jerking
Jerk´ing, n. The act of pulling, pushing, or throwing, with a jerk. — Jerk´ing•ly, adv.
Jermoonal
Jer•moon´al, n. (Zoöl.) The Himalayan snow partridge.
Jerquing
Jer´quing, n. The searching of a ship for unentered goods. [Eng.] [Written also jerguer.]
Jerquing
Jer´quing, n. The searching of a ship for unentered goods. [Eng.]
Jerry
Jer´ry, a. Flimsy; jerry- built. — Jer´ry•ism (#), n. [Both Builder’s Cant]
Jerusalem
Je•ru´sa•lem (je•ru"sa•lem), n. [Gr. ’Ieroysalh•m, fr. Heb. Yerushalaim.] The chief city of Palestine, intimately associated with the glory of the Jewish nation, and the life and death of Jesus Christ. Jerusalem artichoke [Perh. a corrupt. of It. girasole i.e., sunflower, or turnsole. See Gyre, Solar.] (Bot.) (a) An American plant, a perennial species of sunflower ( Helianthus tuberosus), whose tubers are sometimes used as food. (b) One of the tubers themselves. — Jerusalem cherry (Bot.), the popular name of either of two species of Solanum ( S. Pseudo- capsicum and S. capsicastrum), cultivated as ornamental house plants. They bear bright red berries of about the size of cherries. — Jerusalem oak (Bot.), an aromatic goosefoot ( Chenopodium Botrys), common about houses and along roadsides. — Jerusalem sage (Bot.), a perennial herb of the Mint family ( Phlomis tuberosa). — Jerusalem thorn (Bot.), a spiny, leguminous tree ( Parkinsonia aculeata), widely dispersed in warm countries, and used for hedges. — The New Jerusalem, Heaven; the Celestial City.
Jess, n. ; pl. Jesses (#). [OF. gies, giez, prop. pl. of giet, get, jet, F. jet, a throwing, jess. See Jet a shooting forth.] ( falconry) A short strap of leather or silk secured round the leg of a hawk, to which the leash or line, wrapped round the falconer’s hand, was attached when used. See Illust. of Falcon.
"Like a hawk, which feeling freed
From bells and jesses which did let her flight." Spenser.
Jessant
Jes´sant, a. (Her.) Springing up or emerging; — said of a plant or animal.
Jest, n. [OE. jeste, geste, deed, action, story, tale, OF. geste, LL. gesta, orig., exploits, neut. pl. from L. gestus, p. p. of gerere to bear, carry, accomplish, perform; perh. orig., to make to come, bring, and perh. akin to E. come. Cf. Gest a deed, Register, n. ]
1. A deed; an action; a gest. [Obs.]
"The jests or actions of princes." Sir T. Elyot.
2. A mask; a pageant; an interlude. [Obs.] Nares.
"He promised us, in honor of our guest,
To grace our banquet with some pompous jest." Kyd.
3. Something done or said in order to amuse; a joke; a witticism; a jocose or sportive remark or phrase. See Synonyms under Jest, v. i.
"I must be sad … smile at no man’s jests." Shak.
"The Right Honorable gentleman is indebted to his memory for his jests, and to his imagination for his facts." Sheridan.
4. The object of laughter or sport; a laughingstock.
"Then let me be your jest; I deserve it." Shak. In jest, for mere sport or diversion; not in truth and reality; not in earnest.
"And given in earnest what I begged in jest." Shak. — Jest book, a book containing a collection of jests, jokes, and amusing anecdotes; a Joe Miller.
Jest, v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Jested; p. pr. & vb. n. Jesting.]
1. To take part in a merrymaking; — especially, to act in a mask or interlude. [Obs.] Shak.
2. To make merriment by words or actions; to joke; to make light of anything.
"He jests at scars that never felt a wound." Shak.
Syn. — To joke; sport; rally. — To Jest, Joke. One jests in order to make others laugh; one jokes to please himself. A jest is usually at the expense of another, and is often ill-natured; a joke is a sportive sally designed to promote good humor without wounding the feelings of its object. "Jests are, therefore, seldom harmless; jokes frequently allowable. The most serious subject may be degraded by being turned into a jest." Crabb.
Jester
Jest´er, n. [Cf. Gestour.]
1. A buffoon; a merry-andrew; a court fool.
"This … was Yorick’s skull, the king’s jester." Shak.
"Dressed in the motley garb that jesters wear." Longfellow.
2. A person addicted to jesting, or to indulgence in light and amusing talk.
"He ambled up and down
With shallow jesters." Shak.
Jesting
Jest´ing, n. The act or practice of making jests; joking; pleasantry. Eph. v. 4.
Jesuit
Jes´u•it, n. [F. Jesuite, Sp. Jesuita: cf. It. Gesuita.]
1. (R. C. Ch.) One of a religious order founded by Ignatius Loyola, and approved in 1540, under the title of The Society of Jesus. The order consists of Scholastics, the Professed, the Spiritual Coadjutors, and the Temporal Coadjutors or Lay Brothers. The Jesuit novice after two years becomes a Scholastic, and takes his first vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience simply. Some years after, at the close of a second novitiate, he takes his second vows and is ranked among the Coadjutors or Professed. The Professed are bound by a fourth vow, from which only the pope can dispense, requiring them to go wherever the pope may send them for missionary duty. The Coadjutors teach in the schools, and are employed in general missionary labors. The Society is governed by a General who holds office for life. He has associated with him "Assistants" (five at the present time), representing different provinces. The Society was first established in the United States in 1807. The Jesuits have displayed in their enterprises a high degree of zeal, learning, and skill, but, by their enemies, have been generally reputed to use art and intrigue in promoting or accomplishing their purposes, whence the words Jesuit, Jesuitical, and the like, have acquired an opprobrious sense.
2. Fig.: A crafty person; an intriguer. Jesuits’ bark, Peruvian bark, or the bark of certain species of Cinchona; — so called because its medicinal properties were first made known in Europe by Jesuit missionaries to South America. — Jesuits’ drops. See Friar’s balsam, under Friar. — Jesuits’ nut, the European water chestnut. — Jesuits’ powder, powdered cinchona bark. — Jesuits’ tea, a Chilian leguminous shrub, used as a tea and medicinally.
Jesuited
Jes´u•it•ed, a. Conforming to the principles of the Jesuits. Milton.
Jesuitry
Jes´u•it•ry, n. Jesuitism; subtle argument. [R.] Carlyle.
Jesus
Je´sus (je"zus), n. [L. Jesus, Gr., from Heb. Yeshua’; Yah Jehovah + hoshia’ to help.] The Savior; the name of the Son of God as announced by the angel to his parents; the personal name of Our Lord, in distinction from Christ, his official appellation. Luke i. 31.
"Thou shalt call his name Jesus; for he shall save his people from their sins." Matt. i. 21. The form Jesu is often used, esp. in the vocative.
"Jesu, do thou my soul receive." Keble. The Society of Jesus. See Jesuit.
Jet, n. Same as 2d Get. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Jet, n. [F. jet, OF. get, giet, L. jactus a throwing, a throw, fr. jacere to throw. Cf. Abject, Ejaculate, Gist, Jess, Jut.]
1. A shooting forth; a spouting; a spurt; a sudden rush or gush, as of water from a pipe, or of flame from an orifice; also that which issues in a jet.
2. Drift; scope; range, as of an argument. [Obs.]
3. The sprue of a type, which is broken from it when the type is cold. Knight. Jet propeller (Naut.), a device for propelling vessels by means of a forcible jet of water ejected from the vessel, as by a centrifugal pump. — Jet pump, a device in which a small jet of steam, air, water, or other fluid, in rapid motion, lifts or otherwise moves, by its impulse, a larger quantity of the fluid with which it mingles.
Jet, v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Jetted p. pr. & vb. n. Jetting.] [F. jeter, L. jactare, freq. fr. jacere to throw. See 3d Jet, and cf. Jut.]
1. To strut; to walk with a lofty or haughty gait; to be insolent; to obtrude. [Obs.]
" he jets under his advanced plumes!" Shak.
"To jet upon a prince’s right." Shak.
2. To jerk; to jolt; to be shaken. [Obs.] Wiseman.
3. To shoot forward or out; to project; to jut out.
Jet, v. t. To spout; to emit in a stream or jet.
"A dozen angry models jetted steam." Tennyson.
Jet d’eau
Jet• d’eau", pl. Jets d’eau . [F., a throw of water. See Jet a shooting forth.] A stream of water spouting from a fountain or pipe (especially from one arranged to throw water upward), in a public place or in a garden, for ornament.
Jeterus
Jet´e•rus, n. (Bot.) A yellowness of the parts of plants which are normally green; yellows. { Jet´sam, Jet´son } n. [F. jeter to throw: cf. OF. getaison a throwing. Cf. Flotsam, Jettison.]
1. (Mar. Law) Goods which sink when cast into the sea, and remain under water; — distinguished from flotsam, goods which float, and ligan, goods which are sunk attached to a buoy.
2. Jettison. See Jettison, 1.
Jetteau
Jet´teau (jet"to), n. See Jet d’eau. [R.] Addison.
Jettee
Jet´tee (-te), n. See Jetty, n. Burke.
Jetter
Jet´ter (-ter), n. One who struts; one who bears himself jauntily; a fop. [Obs.] Palsgrave.
Jettiness
Jet´ti•ness (-ti•nes). n. The state of being jetty; blackness. Pennant.
Jettison
Jet´ti•son n. [See Jetsam.]
1. (Mar. Law) The throwing overboard of goods from necessity, in order to lighten a vessel in danger of wreck.
2. See Jetsam, 1.
Jetton
Jet´ton, n. [F. jeton.] A metal counter used in playing cards.
Jetty
Jet´ty, a. Made of jet, or like jet in color.
"The people … are of a jetty." Sir T. Browne.
Jetty
Jet´ty, n. ; pl. Jetties (#). [F. jetee a pier, a jetty, a causeway. See Jet a shooting forth, and cf. Jutty.]
1. (Arch.) A part of a building that jets or projects beyond the rest, and overhangs the wall below.
2. A wharf or pier extending from the shore.
3. (Hydraul. Engin.) A structure of wood or stone extended into the sea to influence the current or tide, or to protect a harbor; a mole; as the Eads system of jetties at the mouth of the Mississippi River. Jetty head (Naut.), a projecting part at the end of a wharf; the front of a wharf whose side forms one of the cheeks of a dock.
Jeu d’esprit
Jeu" d’es•prit" [F., play of mind.] A witticism.
Jew, n. [OF. Juis, pl., F. Juif, L. Judaeus, Gr., fr. the country of the Jews, Judea, fr. Heb. Yhdah Judah, son of Jacob. Cf. Judaic.] Originally, one belonging to the tribe or kingdom of Judah; after the return from the Babylonish captivity, any member of the new state; a Hebrew; an Israelite. Jew’s frankincense, gum styrax, or benzoin. — Jew’s mallow (Bot.), an annual herb ( Corchorus olitorius) cultivated in Syria and Egypt as a pot herb, and in India for its fiber. — Jew’s pitch, asphaltum; bitumen. — The Wandering Jew, an imaginary personage, who, for his cruelty to the Savior during his passion, is doomed to wander on the earth till Christ’s second coming.
Jewel
Jew´el (ju"el or ju"el), n. [OE. juel, jowel, OF. jouel, juel, joiel, F. joyau, dim. of OF. joie joy, jewel, F. joie joy. See Joy.]
1. An ornament of dress usually made of a precious metal, and having enamel or precious stones as a part of its design.
"Plate of rare device, and jewels
Of rich and exquisite form." Shak.
2. A precious stone; a gem. Shak.
3. An object regarded with special affection; a precious thing. "Our prince ( jewel of children)." Shak.
4. A bearing for a pivot a pivot in a watch, formed of a crystal or precious stone, as a ruby. Jewel block (Naut.), block at the extremity of a yard, through which the halyard of a studding sail is rove.
Jewel
Jew´el, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Jeweled, or Jewelled; p. pr. & vb. n. Jeweling, or Jewelling.] To dress, adorn, deck, or supply with jewels, as a dress, a sword hilt, or a watch; to bespangle, as with jewels.
"The long gray tufts … are jeweled thick with dew." M. Arnold.
Jeweler
Jew´el•er, n. [Cf. F. joaillier.] One who makes, or deals in, jewels, precious stones, and similar ornaments. [Written also jeweller.] Jeweler’s gold. See under Gold.
Jewellery
Jew´el•ler•y, n. See Jewelry. Burke.
Jewess
Jew´ess, n. , fem. of Jew. A Hebrew woman.
Jewise
Jew•ise´, n. Same as Juise. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Jewish calendar
Jew"ish cal"en•dar. A lunisolar calendar in use among Hebraic peoples, reckoning from the year 3761 b. c., the date traditionally given for the Creation. It received its present fixed form from Hillel II. about 360 a. d. The present names of the months, which are Babylonian-Assyrian in origin, replaced older ones, Abib, Bul, etc., at the time of the Babylonian Exile. Nineteen years constitute a lunar cycle, of which the 3d, 6th, 8th, 11th, 14th, 17th, and 19th years are leap years. The year 5663 [1902-3 a. d.] was the first year of the 299th lunar cycle. The common year is said to be defective, regular, or perfect (or abundant) according as it has 353, 354, or 355 days. The leap year has an intercalary month, and a total of 383 (defective), 384 (regular), or 385 (perfect, or abundant) days. The calendar is complicated by various rules providing for the harmonious arrangement of festivals, etc., so that no simple perpetual calendar can be constructed. The following table gives the months in order, with the number of days assigned to each. Only three months vary in length. They are: Heshvan, which has 30 days in perfect years; Kislev, which has 30 days in regular and perfect years; and Adar, which has 30 days in leap years. The ecclesiastical year commences with Nisan and the civil year with Tishri. The date of the first of Tishri, or the Jewish New Year, is also given for the Jewish years 5661-5696 (1900- 1935 a. d.). From these tables it is possible to transform any Jewish date into Christian, or vice versa, for the years 1900-1935 a. d. Months of the Jewish Year.