Hyacine
Hy´a•cine, n. A hyacinth. [Obs.] Spenser.

Hyacinth
Hy´a•cinth, n. [L. hyacinthus a kind of flower, prob. the iris, gladiolus, or larkspur, also a kind of gem, perh. the sapphire; as a proper name, Hyacinthus, a beautiful Laconian youth, beloved by Apollo, fr. Gr., : cf. F. hyacinthe. Cf. Jacinth. The hyacinth was fabled to have sprung from the blood of Hyacinthus, who was accidentally slain by Apollo.]
1. (Bot.) (a) A bulbous plant of the genus Hyacinthus, bearing beautiful spikes of fragrant flowers. H. orientalis is a common variety. (b) A plant of the genus Camassia ( C. Farseri), called also Eastern camass; wild hyacinth. (c) The name also given to Scilla Peruviana, a Mediterranean plant, one variety of which produces white, and another blue, flowers; — called also from a mistake as to its origin, Hyacinth of Peru.
2. (Min.) A red variety of zircon, sometimes used as a gem. See Zircon. Hyacinth bean (Bot.), a climbing leguminous plant ( Dolichos Lablab), related to the true bean. It has dark purple flowers and fruit.

Hyacinthine
Hy•a•cin´thine, a. [L. hyacinthinus, Gr. .] Belonging to the hyacinth; resembling the hyacinth; in color like the hyacinth. Milton.
"His curling locks like hyacinthine flowers." Cowper.
"The hyacinthine boy, for whom Morn well might break and April bloom." Emerson. { Hy´a•des, Hy´ads } n. pl. [L. Hyades, Gr. .] (Astron.) A cluster of five stars in the face of the constellation Taurus, supposed by the ancients to indicate the coming of rainy weather when they rose with the sun.
"Thro’ scudding drifts the rainy Hyades Vext the dim sea." Tennyson.

Hyaena
Hy•ae´na, n. (Zoöl.) Same as Hyena.

Hyalite
Hy´a•lite, n. [Gr. "y•alos glass: cf. F. hyalite.] (Min.) A pellucid variety of opal in globules looking like colorless gum or resin; — called also Müller’s glass.

Hyalograph
Hy•al´o•graph, n. [Gr. "y•alos glass + graph.] An instrument for tracing designs on glass.

Hyalography
Hy•a•log´ra•phy, n. Art of writing or engraving on glass.

Hyaloid
Hy´a•loid, a. [Gr. glassy, transparent; "y•alos glass + appearance: cf. F. hyaloïde.] (Anat.) Resembling glass; vitriform; transparent; hyaline; as the hyaloid membrane, a very delicate membrane inclosing the vitreous humor of the eye.

Hyalonema
Hy•a•lo•ne´ma, n. [NL., fr. Gr. "y•alos glass + a thread.] (Zoöl.) A genus of hexactinelline sponges, having a long stem composed of very long, slender, transparent, siliceous fibres twisted together like the strands of a color. The stem of the Japanese species ( H. Sieboldii), called glass-rope, has long been in use as an ornament. See Glass-rope.

Hyalotype
Hy•al´o•type, n. [Gr. "y•alos glass + -type.] A photographic picture copied from the negative on glass; a photographic transparency. R. Hunt. { Hy•ber´na•cle, Hy´ber•nate, Hy•ber•na´tion } See Hibernacle, Hibernate, Hibernation.

Hybodont
Hyb´o•dont, a. [Gr. hump +,, a tooth.] (Paleon.) Of, pertaining to, or resembling, an extinct genus of sharks ( Hybodus), especially in the form of the teeth, which consist of a principal median cone with smaller lateral ones.

Hybodus
Hyb´o•dus, n. [NL. See Hybodont.] (Paleon.) An extinct genus of sharks having conical, compressed teeth.

Hybridism
Hy´brid•ism, n. The state or quality of being hybrid.

Hybridist
Hy´brid•ist, n. One who hybridizes.

Hybridity
Hy•brid´i•ty, n. Hybridism.

Hybridizable
Hy´brid•i•za•ble, a. Capable of forming a hybrid, or of being subjected to a hybridizing process; capable of producing a hybrid by union with another species or stock.
"Hybridizable genera are rarer than is generally supposed, even in gardens where they are so often operated upon, under circumstances most favorable to the production of hybrids." J. D. Hooker.

Hybridization
Hy•brid•i•za´tion, n. The act of hybridizing, or the state of being hybridized.

Hybridize
Hy´brid•i•ze, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Hybridized p. pr. & vb. n. Hybridizing ] To render hybrid; to produce by mixture of stocks.

Hybridize
Hy´brid•ize, v. i. (Biol.) To produce hybrid offspring; to interbreed; to cross.

Hybridizer
Hy´brid•i•zer, n. One who hybridizes.

Hybridous
Hy´brid•ous, a. Same as Hybrid.

Hydatid
Hy´da•tid, n. [Gr.,, a watery vesicle under the upper eyelid, fr. "y•dwr, "y•datos, water: cf. F. hydatide.] (Zoöl.) A membranous sac or bladder filled with a pellucid fluid, found in various parts of the bodies of animals, but unconnected with the tissues. It is usually formed by parasitic worms, esp. by larval tapeworms, as Echinococcus and Cœnurus. See these words in the Vocabulary. Hydatid of Morgagni (Anat.), one of the small pedunculated bodies found between the testicle and the head of the epididymis, and supposed to be a remnant of the Müllerian duct.

Hydatiform
Hy•dat´i•form, a. [ Hydatid + -form.] Resembling a hydatid.

Hydatoid
Hy´da•toid, a. [Gr. "y•dwr, "y•datos, water + -oid.] (Anat.) Resembling water; watery; aqueous; hyaloid.

Hydr-
Hy´dr- See under Hydro-.

Hydracid
Hy•drac´id, n. [ Hydr- + acid: cf. F. hydracide.] (Chem.) An acid containing hydrogen; — sometimes applied to distinguish acids like hydrochloric, hydrofluoric, and the like, which contain no oxygen, from the oxygen acids or oxacids. See Acid.

Hydractinian
Hy•drac•tin´i•an, n. [See Hydra, and Actinia.] (Zoöl.) Any species or marine hydroids, of the genus Hydractinia and allied genera. These hydroids form, by their rootstalks, a firm, chitinous coating on shells and stones, and esp. on spiral shells occupied by hermit crabs. See Illust. of Athecata.

Hydragogue
Hy´dra•gogue, a. [L. hydragogus conveying off water, Gr. ; "y•dwr water + to lead: cf. F. hydragogue.] (Med.) Causing a discharge of water; expelling serum effused into any part of the body, as in dropsy. — n. A hydragogue medicine, usually a cathartic or diuretic.

Hydramide
Hy•dram´ide, n. [ Hydr- + -amide.] (Chem.) One of a group of crystalline bodies produced by the action of ammonia on certain aldehydes.

Hydramine
Hy•dram´ine, n. [ Hydroxyl + amine.] (Chem.) One of a series of artificial, organic bases, usually produced as thick viscous liquids by the action of ammonia on ethylene oxide. They have the properties both of alcohol and amines.

Hydrangea
Hy•dran´ge•a, n. [NL., fr. Gr. "y•dwr water + vessel, capsule: cf. F. hydrangee.] (Bot.) A genus of shrubby plants bearing opposite leaves and large heads of showy flowers, white, or of various colors. H. hortensis, the common garden species, is a native of China or Japan.

Hydrant
Hy´drant, n. [Gr. to irrigate, fr. "y•dwr water. See Hydra.] A discharge pipe with a valve and spout at which water may be drawn from the mains of waterworks; a water plug.

Hydrargyrate
Hy•drar´gy•rate, a. Of or pertaining to mercury; containing, or impregnated with, mercury. [R.]

Hydrargyrism
Hy•drar´gy•rism, n. (Med.) A diseased condition produced by poisoning with hydrargyrum, or mercury; mercurialism.

Hydrargyrum
Hy•drar´gy•rum (-rum), n. [NL., fr. L. hydrargyrus, Gr. "ydra•rgyros; "y•dwr water + ’a•rgyros silver.] (Chem.) Quicksilver; mercury.

Hydrarthrosis
Hy•drar•thro´sis, n. [NL. See Hydro-, 1, and Arthrosis.] (Med.) An effusion of watery liquid into the cavity of a joint.

Hydra-tainted
Hy´dra-taint•ed, a. Dipped in the gall of the fabulous hydra; poisonous; deadly. Cowper.

Hydrate
Hy´drate, n. [Gr. "y•dwr water: cf. F. hydrate.] (Chem.) (a) A compound formed by the union of water with some other substance, generally forming a neutral body, as certain crystallized salts. (b) A substance which does not contain water as such, but has its constituents (hydrogen, oxygen, hydroxyl) so arranged that water may be eliminated; hence, a derivative of, or compound with, hydroxyl; hydroxide; as ethyl hydrate, or common alcohol; calcium hydrate, or slaked lime.

Hydrate
Hy´drate, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Hydrated p. pr. & vb. n. Hydrating ] To form into a hydrate; to combine with water.

Hydration
Hy•dra´tion, n. (Chem.) The act of becoming, or state of being, a hydrate. Water of hydration (Chem.), water chemically combined with some substance to form a hydrate; — distinguished from water of crystallization.

Hydraulic
Hy•drau´lic, a. [F. hydraulique, L. hydraulicus, fr. Gr.,, a water organ; "y•dwr water + flute, pipe. See Hydra.] Of or pertaining to hydraulics, or to fluids in motion; conveying, or acting by, water; as an hydraulic clock, crane, or dock. Hydraulic accumulator, an accumulator for hydraulic machinery of any kind. See Accumulator, 2. — Hydraulic brake, a cataract. See Cataract, 3. — Hydraulic cement, a cement or mortar made of hydraulic lime, which will harden under water. — Hydraulic elevator, a lift operated by the weight or pressure of water. — Hydraulic jack. See under Jack. — Hydraulic lime, quicklime obtained from hydraulic limestone, and used for cementing under water, etc. — Hydraulic limestone, a limestone which contains some clay, and which yields a quicklime that will set, or form a firm, strong mass, under water. — Hydraulic main (Gas Works), a horizontal pipe containing water at the bottom into which the ends of the pipes from the retorts dip, for passing the gas through water in order to remove ammonia. — Hydraulic mining, a system of mining in which the force of a jet of water is used to wash down a bank of gold-bearing gravel or earth. [Pacific Coast] — Hydraulic press, a hydrostatic press. See under Hydrostatic. — Hydraulic propeller, a device for propelling ships by means of a stream of water ejected under water rearward from the ship. — Hydraulic ram, a machine for raising water by means of the energy of the moving water of which a portion is to be raised. When the rush of water through the main pipe d shuts the valve at a, the momentum of the current thus suddenly checked forces part of it into the air chamber b, and up the pipe c, its return being prevented by a valve at the entrance to the air chamber, while the dropping of the valve a by its own weight allows another rush through the main pipe, and so on alternately. — Hydraulic valve. (Mach.) (a) A valve for regulating the distribution of water in the cylinders of hydraulic elevators, cranes, etc. (b) (Gas Works) An inverted cup with a partition dipping into water, for opening or closing communication between two gas mains, the open ends of which protrude about the water.

Hydraulicon
Hy•drau´li•con, n. [NL. See Hydraulic.] (Mus.) An ancient musical instrument played by the action of water; a water organ. [Written also hydraulis.]

Hydrazine
Hy´dra•zine, n. [ Hydr- + azo- + -ine.] (Chem.) Any one of a series of nitrogenous bases, resembling the amines and produced by the reduction of certain nitroso and diazo compounds; as methyl hydrazine, phenyl hydrazine, etc. They are derivatives of hydrazine proper, H₂N.NH₂, which is a doubled amido group, recently (1887) isolated as a stable, colorless gas with a peculiar, irritating odor. As a base it forms distinct salts. Called also diamide, amidogen, (or more properly diamidogen), etc.

Hydrencephsloid
Hy´dren•ceph´s•loid, a. [ Hydrencephalus + -oid.] (Med.) Same as Hydrocephaloid.

Hydriad
Hy´dri•ad, n. [Gr.,, of the water, fr. "y•dwr water.] (Myth.) A water nymph.

Hydric
Hy´dric, a. [From Hydrogen.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or containing, hydrogen; as hydric oxide. Hydric dioxide. (Chem.) See Hydrogen dioxide, under Hydrogen. — Hydric oxide (Chem.), water. — Hydric sulphate (Chem.), hydrogen sulphate or sulphuric acid.

Hydriform
Hy´dri•form, a. [ Hydra + -form.] (Zoöl.) Having the form or structure of a hydra.

Hydrina
Hy•dri´na, n. pl. [NL. See Hydra.] (Zoöl.) The group of hydroids to which the fresh-water hydras belong.

Hydriodide
Hy•dri´o•dide, n. (Chem.) A compound of hydriodic acid with a base; — distinguished from an iodide, in which only the iodine combines with the base. { Hy´dro-, Hy´dr-. }
1. A combining form from Gr.,, water (see Hydra).
2. (Chem.) A combining form of hydrogen, indicating hydrogen as an ingredient, as hydrochloric; or a reduction product obtained by hydrogen, as hydroquinone.

Hydro-aëroplane
Hy"dro-a"ër•o•plane. (Aëronautics) An aëroplane with a boatlike or other understructure that enables it to travel on, or to rise from the surface of, a body of water by its own motive power.

Hydrobarometer
Hy•dro•ba•rom´e•ter, n. [ Hydro-, 1 + barometer.] An instrument for determining the depth of the sea water by its pressure.

Hydrobilirubin
Hy•dro•bil•i•ru´bin, n. [ Hydro-, 2 + bilirubin.] (Physiol. Chem.) A body formed from bilirubin, identical with urobilin.

Hydrobiplane
Hy´dro•bi´plane, n. A hydro- aëroplane having two supporting planes.

Hydrobranchiata
Hy•dro•bran•chi•a´ta, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. "y•dwr water + gills.] (Zoöl.) An extensive artificial division of gastropod mollusks, including those that breathe by gills, as contrasted with the Pulmonifera. — Hy•dro•bran´chi•ate (#), a.

Hydrobromate
Hy•dro•bro´mate, n. (Chem.) Same as Hydrobromide.

Hydrobromide
Hy•dro•bro´mide, n. (Chem.) A compound of hydrobromic acid with a base; — distinguished from a bromide, in which only the bromine unites with the base.

Hydrocarbon
Hy•dro•car´bon, n. [ Hydro-, 2 + carbon.] (Chem.) A compound containing only hydrogen and carbon, as methane, benzene, etc.; also by extension, any of their derivatives. Hydrocarbon burner, furnace, stove, a burner, furnace, or stove with which liquid fuel, as petroleum, is used.

Hydrocarbonaceous
Hy•dro•car•bo•na´ceous, a. Of the nature, or containing, hydrocarbons.

Hydrocarbonate
Hy•dro•car´bon•ate, n. (a) (Old Chem.) A hydrocarbon. [Obs.] (b) (Chem.) A hydrous carbonate, as malachite.

Hydrocarbostyril
Hy•dro•car•bo•sty´ril, n. [ Hydro-, 2 + carbostyril.] (Chem.) A white, crystalline, nitrogenous hydrocarbon, C₉H₉NO, obtained from certain derivatives of cinnamic acid and closely related to quinoline and carbostyril.

Hydrocarburet
Hy•dro•car´bu•ret, n. [ Hydro-, 2 + carburet.] (Chem.) Carbureted hydrogen; also a hydrocarbon. [Obs.]

Hydrocaulus
Hy•dro•cau´lus, n. ; pl. Hydrocauli (#). [NL., fr. Gr. "y•dwr water + a stalk.] (Zoöl.) The hollow stem of a hydroid, either simple or branched. See Illust. of Gymnoblastea and Hydroidea.

Hydrocephalic
Hy•dro•ce•phal´ic, a. Relating to, or connected with, hydrocephalus, or dropsy of the brain.

Hydrocephaloid
Hy•dro•ceph´a•loid, a. [ Hydrocephalus + -oid.] (Med.) Resembling hydrocephalus. Hydrocephaloid affection (Med.), the group of symptoms which follow exhausting diarrhea in young children, resembling those of acute hydrocephalus, or tubercular meningitis.

Hydrocephalous
Hy•dro•ceph´a•lous, a. Having hydrocephalus. "Hydrocephalous offspring." G. Eliot.

Hydrocephalus
Hy•dro•ceph´a•lus, n. [NL., fr. Gr. hydrocephalus; "y•dwr water + head.] (Med.) An accumulation of liquid within the cavity of the cranium, especially within the ventricles of the brain; dropsy of the brain. It is due usually to tubercular meningitis. When it occurs in infancy, it often enlarges the head enormously.

Hydrochlorate
Hy•dro•chlo´rate, n. (Chem.) Same as Hydrochloride.

Hydrochloride
Hy•dro•chlo´ride, n. (Chem.) A compound of hydrochloric acid with a base; — distinguished from a chloride, where only chlorine unites with the base.

Hydrocorallia
Hy•dro•co•ral´li•a, n. pl. [NL. See Hydra, and Coral.] (Zoöl.) A division of Hydroidea, including those genera that secrete a stony coral, as Millepora and Stylaster. Two forms of zooids in life project from small pores in the coral and resemble those of other hydroids. See Millepora.

Hydrocyanide
Hy•dro•cy´a•nide, n. (Chem.) A compound of hydrocyanic acid with a base; — distinguished from a cyanide, in which only the cyanogen so combines. { Hy•dro•dy•nam´ic, Hy•dro•dy•nam´ic•al, } a. [ Hydro-, 1 + dynamic, - ical: cf. F. hydrodynamique.] Pertaining to, or derived from, the dynamical action of water of a liquid; of or pertaining to water power. Hydrodynamic friction, friction produced by the viscosity of a liquid in motion.

Hydrodynamics
Hy•dro•dy•nam´ics, n. [ Hydro-, 1 + dynamics: cf. F. hydrodynamique.] That branch of the science of mechanics which relates to fluids, or, as usually limited, which treats of the laws of motion and action of nonelastic fluids, whether as investigated mathematically, or by observation and experiment; the principles of dynamics, as applied to water and other fluids. The word is sometimes used as a general term, including both hydrostatics and hydraulics, together with pneumatics and acoustics. See Hydraulics.

Hydro-electric
Hy•dro-e•lec´tric, a. [ Hydro-, 1 + electric.] Pertaining to, employed in, or produced by, the evolution of electricity by means of a battery in which water or steam is used. Hydro-electric machine (Physics), an apparatus invented by Sir William Armstrong of England for generating electricity by the escape of high-pressure steam from a series of jets connected with a strong boiler, in which the steam is produced.

Hydro-extractor
Hy•dro-ex•tract´or, n. [ Hydro-, 1 + extractor.] An apparatus for drying anything, as yarn, cloth, sugar, etc., by centrifugal force; a centrifugal.

Hydroferricyanic
Hy•dro•fer•ri•cy•an´ic, n. [ Hydro-, 2 + ferricyanic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or containing, or obtained from, hydrogen, ferric iron, and cyanogen; as hydroferricyanic acid. See Ferricyanic.

Hydrofluoric
Hy•dro•flu•or´ic, a. [ Hydro-, 2 + fluoric.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or containing, hydrogen and fluorine; fluohydric; as hydrofluoric acid. Hydrofluoric acid (Chem.), a colorless, mobile, volatile liquid, HF, very corrosive in its action, and having a strong, pungent, suffocating odor. It is produced by the action of sulphuric acid on fluorite, and is usually collected as a solution in water. It attacks all silicates, as glass or porcelain, is the agent employed in etching glass, and is preserved only in vessels of platinum, lead, caoutchouc, or gutta-percha.

Hydrofluosilicate
Hy•dro•flu•o•sil´i•cate, n. (Chem.) A salt of hydrofluosilic acid; a silicofluoride. See Silicofluoride.

Hydrogen
Hy´dro•gen, n. [ Hydro-, 1 + -gen: cf. F. hydrogène. So called because water is generated by its combustion. See Hydra.] (Chem.) A gaseous element, colorless, tasteless, and odorless, the lightest known substance, being fourteen and a half times lighter than air (hence its use in filling balloons), and over eleven thousand times lighter than water. It is very abundant, being an ingredient of water and of many other substances, especially those of animal or vegetable origin. It may by produced in many ways, but is chiefly obtained by the action of acids (as sulphuric) on metals, as zinc, iron, etc. It is very inflammable, and is an ingredient of coal gas and water gas. It is standard of chemical equivalents or combining weights, and also of valence, being the typical monad. Symbol H. Atomic weight 1. Although a gas hydrogen is chemically similar to the metals in its nature, having the properties of a weak base. It is, in all acids, the base which is replaced by metals and basic radicals to form salts. Like all other gases, it is condensed by great cold and pressure to a liquid which freezes and solidifies by its own evaporation. It is absorbed in large quantities by certain metals (esp. palladium), forming alloy-like compounds; hence, in view of quasi-metallic nature, it is sometimes called hydrogenium. It is the typical reducing agent, as opposed to oxidizers, as oxygen, chlorine, etc. Bicarbureted hydrogen, an old name for ethylene. — Carbureted hydrogen gas. See under Carbureted. — Hydrogen dioxide, a thick, colorless liquid, H₂O₂, resembling water, but having a bitter, sour taste, produced by the action of acids on barium peroxide. It decomposes into water and oxygen, and is manufactured in large quantities for an oxidizing and bleaching agent. Called also oxygenated water. — Hydrogen oxide, a chemical name for water, HO. — Hydrogen sulphide, a colorless inflammable gas H₂S, having the characteristic odor of bad eggs, and found in many mineral springs. It is produced by the action of acids on metallic sulphides, and is an important chemical reagent. Called also sulphureted hydrogen.

Hydrogenide
Hy´dro•gen•ide, n. (Chem.) A binary compound containing hydrogen; a hydride. [R.] See Hydride.

Hydrognosy
Hy•drog´no•sy, n. [ Hydro-, 1 + Gr. knowledge.] A treatise upon, or a history and description of, the water of the earth.

Hydrogode
Hy´drog•ode, n. [ Hydrogen + Gr. way. path.] (Elec.) The negative pole or cathode. [R.]

Hydrographer
Hy•drog´ra•pher, n. One skilled in the hydrography; one who surveys, or draws maps or charts of, the sea, lakes, or other waters, with the adjacent shores; one who describes the sea or other waters. Boyle. { Hy•dro•graph´ic, Hy•dro•graph´ic•al } a. Of or relating to hydrography.

Hydrography
Hy•drog´ra•phy, n. [ Hydro-, 1 + -graphy: cf. F. hydrographie.]
1. The art of measuring and describing the sea, lakes, rivers, and other waters, with their phenomena.
2. That branch of surveying which embraces the determination of the contour of the bottom of a harbor or other sheet of water, the depth of soundings, the position of channels and shoals, with the construction of charts exhibiting these particulars.

Hydroguret
Hy•drog´u•ret, n. [From Hydrogen.] (Chem.) A hydride. [Obs.]

Hydroidea
Hy•droi´de•a, n. pl. [NL. See Hydra, and -oid.] (Zoöl.) An extensive order of Hydrozoa or Acalephae. [Written also Hydroida.] This order includes the hydras and the free-swimming hydromedusae, together with a great variety of marine attached hydroids, many of which grow up into large, elegantly branched forms, consisting of a vast number of zooids (hydranths, gonophores, etc.), united by hollow stems. All the zooids of a colony are produced from one primary zooid, by successive buddings. The Siphonophora have also been included in this order by some writers. See Gymnoblastea, Hydromedusa, Gonosome, Gonotheca.

Hydrological
Hy•dro•log´ic•al, a. Of or pertaining to hydrology.

Hydrologist
Hy•drol´o•gist, n. One skilled in hydrology.

Hydrology
Hy•drol´o•gy, n. [ Hydro-, 1 + -logy: cf. F. hydrologie.] The science of water, its properties, phenomena, and distribution over the earth’s surface.

Hydrolysis
Hy•drol´y•sis, n. [ Hydro-, 1 + -lysis.] (Chem.) A chemical process involving the addition of the elements of water.

Hydrolytic
Hy•dro•lyt´ic, a. [ Hydro-, 1 + Gr. to loose.] (Chem.) Tending to remove or separate water; eliminating water.
"Hydrolytic agents, such as sulphuric acid or caustic alkali." Encyc. Brit.Hydrolytic ferment (Physiol. Chem.), a ferment, enzyme, or chemical ferment, which acts only in the presence of water, and which causes the substance acted upon to take up a molecule of water. Thus, diastase of malt, ptyalin of saliva, and boiling dilute sulphuric acid all convert starch by hydration into dextrin and sugar. Nearly all of the digestive ferments are hydrolytic in their action.

Hydromagnesite
Hy•dro•mag´ne•site (hi•dro•mag"ne•sit), n. [ Hydro-, 1 + magnesite.] (Min.) A hydrous carbonate of magnesia occurring in white, earthy, amorphous masses.

Hydromancy
Hy´dro•man•cy, n. [ Hydro-, 1 + -mancy: cf. F. hydromancie.] Divination by means of water, — practiced by the ancients.

Hydromantic
Hy•dro•man´tic, a. [Cf. F. hydromantique.] Of or pertaining to divination by water.

Hydromechanics
Hy•dro•me•chan´ics, n. [ Hydro-, 1 + mechanics.] That branch of physics which treats of the mechanics of liquids, or of their laws of equilibrium and of motion.

Hydromedusa
Hy•dro•me•du´sa, n. ; pl. Hydromedusae (#). [NL. See Hydra, and Medusa.] (Zoöl.) Any medusa or jellyfish which is produced by budding from a hydroid. They are called also Craspedota, and naked-eyed medusae. Such medusae are the reproductive zooids or gonophores, either male or female, of the hydroid from which they arise, whether they become free or remain attached to the hydroid colony. They in turn produce the eggs from which the hydroids are developed. The name is also applied to other similar medusae which are not known to bud from a hydroid colony, and even to some which are known to develop directly from the eggs, but which in structure agree essentially with those produced from hydroids. See Hydroidea, and Gymnoblastea.

Hydromellonic
Hy•dro•mel•lon´ic, a. See Cyamellone.

Hydrometallurgy
Hy•dro•met´al•lur•gy, n. [ Hydro-, 1 + metallurgy.] The art or process of assaying or reducing ores by means of liquid reagents.

Hydrometeor
Hy•dro•me´te•or, n. [ Hydro-, 1 + meteor.] A meteor or atmospheric phenomenon dependent upon the vapor of water; — in the pl. , a general term for the whole aqueous phenomena of the atmosphere, as rain, snow, hail, etc. Nichol.

Hydrometeorological
Hy•dro•me•te•or•o•log´ic•al, a. Of or pertaining to hydrometeorology, or to rain, clouds, storms, etc.

Hydrometeorology
Hy•dro•me•te•or•ol´o•gy, n. [ Hydro-, 1 + meteorology.] That branch of meteorology which relates to, or treats of, water in the atmosphere, or its phenomena, as rain, clouds, snow, hail, storms, etc.

Hydrometer
Hy•drom´e•ter, n. [ Hydro-, 1 + -meter: cf. F. hydromètre.]
1. (Physics) An instrument for determining the specific gravities of liquids, and thence the strength spirituous liquors, saline solutions, etc. It is usually made of glass with a graduated stem, and indicates the specific gravity of a liquid by the depth to which it sinks in it, the zero of the scale marking the depth to which it sinks in pure water. Extra weights are sometimes used to adapt the scale to liquids of different densities.
2. An instrument, variously constructed, used for measuring the velocity or discharge of water, as in rivers, from reservoirs, etc., and called by various specific names according to its construction or use, as tachometer, rheometer, hydrometer, pendulum, etc.; a current gauge. { Hy•dro•met´ric, Hy•dro•met´ric•al } a. [Cf. F. hydromètrique.]
1. Of or pertaining to an hydrometer, or to the determination of the specific gravity of fluids.
2. Of or pertaining to measurement of the velocity, discharge, etc., of running water.
3. Made by means of an hydrometer; as hydrometric observations. Hydrometric pendulum, a species of hydrometer consisting of a hollow ball of ivory or metal suspended by a treated from the center of a graduated quadrant, and held in a stream to measure the velocity of the water by the inclination given to the thread; a kind of current gauge.

Hydrometrograph
Hy•dro•met´ro•graph, n. [ Hydro-, 1 + Gr. measure + -graph.] An instrument for determining and recording the quantity of water discharged from a pipe, orifice, etc., in a given time.

Hydrometry
Hy•drom´e•try, n. [Cf. F. hydromètrique.]
1. The art of determining the specific gravity of liquids, and thence the strength of spirituous liquors, saline solutions, etc.
2. The art or operation of measuring the velocity or discharge of running water, as in rivers, etc.

Hydromica
Hy•dro•mi´ca, n. [ Hydro-, 1 + mica.] (Min.) A variety of potash mica containing water. It is less elastic than ordinary muscovite. Hydromica schist (Min.), a mica schist characterized by the presence of hydromica. It often has a silky luster and almost soapy feel.

Hydronephrosis
Hy•dro•ne•phro´sis, n. [NL., Gr. "y•dwr water + a kidney.] (Med.) An accumulation of urine in the pelvis of the kidney, occasioned by obstruction in the urinary passages.

Hydropath
Hy´dro•path, n. [Cf. F. hydropathe.] A hydropathist. { Hy•dro•path´ic, Hy•dro•path´ic•al } a. Of or pertaining to hydropathy.

Hydropathist
Hy•drop´a•thist, n. One who practices hydropathy; a water-cure doctor.

Hydropathy
Hy•drop´a•thy, n. [ Hydro-, 1 + Gr.,, to suffer.] The water cure; a mode of treating diseases by the copious and frequent use of pure water, both internally and externally.

Hydroperitoneum
Hy•dro•per•i•to•ne´um, n. [NL. See Hydro-, and Peritoneum.] (Med.) Same as Ascites.

Hydrophanous
Hy•droph´a•nous, a. (Min.) Made transparent by immersion in water.

Hydrophid
Hy´dro•phid, n. [ Hydro-, 1 + Gr. a small serpent.] (Zoöl.) Any sea snake of the genus Hydrophys and allied genera. These snakes are venomous, live upon fishes, and have a flattened tail for swimming.

Hydrophlorone
Hy•dro•phlo´rone, n. [ Hydro-, 2 + phlorone.] (Chem.) A white, crystalline benzene derivative, C₈H₁₀O₂, obtained by the reduction of phlorone.

Hydrophobia
Hy•dro•pho´bi•a, n. [L., fr. Gr. ; "y•dwr water + fear: cf. F. hydrophobie.] (Med.) (a) An abnormal dread of water, said to be a symptom of canine madness; hence: (b) The disease caused by a bite form, or inoculation with the saliva of, a rabid creature, of which the chief symptoms are, a sense of dryness and construction in the throat, causing difficulty in deglutition, and a marked heightening of reflex excitability, producing convulsions whenever the patient attempts to swallow, or is disturbed in any way, as by the sight or sound of water; rabies; canine madness. [Written also hydrophoby.]

Hydrophobic
Hy•dro•phob´ic, a. [L. hydrophobicus, Gr. : cf. F. hydrophobique.] Of or pertaining to hydrophobia; producing or caused by rabies; as hydrophobic symptoms; the hydrophobic poison.

Hydrophoby
Hy´dro•pho•by, n. See Hydrophobia.

Hydrophore
Hy´dro•phore, n. [Gr. "y•dwr water + to bear.] An instrument used for the purpose of obtaining specimens of water from any desired depth, as in a river, a lake, or the ocean.

Hydrophyllium
Hy•dro•phyl´li•um, n. ; pl. L. Hydrophyllia (#), E. Hydrophylliums (#). [NL., fr. Gr. "y•dwr water + a leaf.] (Zoöl.) One of the flat, leaflike, protective zooids, covering other zooids of certain Siphonophora.

Hydrophyte
Hy´dro•phyte, n. [Gr. + plant: cf. F. hydrophyte.] An aquatic plant; an alga.

Hydrophytology
Hy•droph•y•tol´o•gy, n. [ Hydro- + phyte + -logy.] The branch of botany which treats of water plants. { Hy•drop´ic, Hy•drop´ic•al } a. [L. hydropicus, Gr. : cf. F. hydropique. See Dropsy.] Dropsical, or resembling dropsy.
"Every lust is a kind of hydropic distemper, and the more we drink the more we shall thirst." Tillotson.

Hydropiper
Hy´dro•pi•per, n. [NL., fr. Gr. "y•dwr water + L. piper a pepper.] (Bot.) A species ( Polygonum Hydropiper) of knotweed with acrid foliage; water pepper; smartweed.

Hydroplane
Hy´dro•plane, n. [Pref. hydro-, 1 + plane.]
1. A plane, or any of a number of planes, projecting from the hull of a submarine boat, which by being elevated or depressed cause the boat, when going ahead, to sink or rise, after the manner of an aëroplane.
2. A projecting plane or fin on a gliding boat to lift the moving boat on top of the water; also a gliding boat.

Hydroplane
Hy´dro•plane, v. i. Of a boat, to plane (see Plane, below).

Hydropneumatic gun carriage
Hy•dro•pneu•mat"ic gun carriage. (Ordnance) A disappearing gun carriage in which the recoil is checked by cylinders containing liquid and air, the air when compressed furnishing the power for restoring the gun to the firing position. It is used with some English and European heavy guns.

Hydropsy
Hy´drop•sy, n. Same as Dropsy.

Hydroquinone
Hy•dro•qui´none, n. [ Hydro-, 2 + quinone.] (Chem.) A white crystalline substance, C₆H₄(OH)₂, obtained by the reduction of quinone. It is a diacid phenol, resembling, and metameric with, pyrocatechin and resorcin. Called also dihydroxy benzene.

Hydrorhiza
Hy•dro•rhi´za, n. ; pl. L. Hydrorhizae (#), E. Hydrorhizas (#). [NL., fr. E. hydra + Gr. a root.] (Zoöl.) The rootstock or decumbent stem by which a hydroid is attached to other objects. See Illust. under Hydroidea.

Hydroscope
Hy´dro•scope, n. [ Hydro-, 1 + -scope.]
1. An instrument designed to mark the presence of water, especially in air. Weale.
2. A kind of water clock, used anciently for measuring time, the water tricking from an orifice at the end of a graduated tube. { Hy´dro•some, Hy•dro•so´ma }, n. [NL. hydrosoma. See Hydra, and -some body.] (Zoöl.) All the zooids of a hydroid colony collectively, including the nutritive and reproductive zooids, and often other kinds.

Hydrosphere
Hy´dro•sphere, n. [Pref. hydro-, 1 + sphere.]
1. (Meteor.) The aqueous vapor of the entire atmosphere.
2. (Phys. Geog.) The aqueous envelope of the earth, including the ocean, all lakes, streams, and underground waters, and the aqueous vapor in the atmosphere.

Hydrostat
Hy´dro•stat, n. A contrivance or apparatus to prevent the explosion of steam boilers. { Hy•dro•stat´ic, Hy•dro•stat´ic•al } a. [ Hydro-, 1 + Gr. causing to stand: cf. F. hydrostatique. See Static.] Of or relating to hydrostatics; pertaining to, or in accordance with, the principles of the equilibrium of fluids.
"The first discovery made in hydrostatics since the time of Archimedes is due to Stevinus." Hallam. Hydrostatic balance, a balance for weighing substances in water, for the purpose of ascertaining their specific gravities. — Hydrostatic bed, a water bed. — Hydrostatic bellows, an apparatus consisting of a water-tight bellowslike case with a long, upright tube, into which water may be poured to illustrate the hydrostatic paradox. — Hydrostatic paradox, the proposition in hydrostatics that any quantity of water, however small, may be made to counterbalance any weight, however great; or the law of the equality of pressure of fluids in all directions. — Hydrostatic press, a machine in which great force, with slow motion, is communicated to a large plunger by means of water forced into the cylinder in which it moves, by a forcing pump of small diameter, to which the power is applied, the principle involved being the same as in the hydrostatic bellows. Also called hydraulic press, and Bramah press. In the illustration, a is a pump with a small plunger b, which forces the water into the cylinder c, thus driving upward the large plunder d, which performs the reduced work, such as compressing cotton bales, etc.

Hydrostat
Hy´dro•stat, n. A device, usually electrical, for indicating or regulating the height of water in a reservoir or receptacle.

Hydrostatically
Hy•dro•stat´ic•al•ly, adv. According to hydrostatics, or to hydrostatic principles. Bentley.

Hydrostatician
Hy•dro•sta•ti´cian, n. One who is versed or skilled in hydrostatics. [R.]

Hydrostatics
Hy•dro•stat´ics, n. [Cf. F. hydrostatique.] (Physics) The branch of science which relates to the pressure and equilibrium of nonelastic fluids, as water, mercury, etc.; the principles of statics applied to water and other liquids.

Hydrosulphate
Hy•dro•sul´phate, n. (Chem.) Same as Hydrosulphurent.

Hydrosulphite
Hy•dro•sul´phite, n. (Chem.) A saline compound of hydrosulphurous acid and a base. [R.]

Hydrosulphuret
Hy•dro•sul´phu•ret, n. (Chem.) A hydrosulphide. [Archaic]

Hydrosulphureted
Hy•dro•sul´phu•ret•ed, a. (Chem.) Combined with hydrogen sulphide.

Hydrosulphuric
Hy•dro•sul•phu´ric, a. [ Hydro-, 2 + sulphuric.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, hydrogen and sulphur; as hydrosulphuric acid, a designation applied to the solution of hydrogen sulphide in water.

Hydrosulphurous
Hy•dro•sul´phur•ous, a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained by the reduction of sulphurous acid. See Hyposulphurous acid, under Hyposulphurous.

Hydrotelluric
Hy•dro•tel•lu´ric, a. [ Hydro-, 2 + telluric.] (Chem.) Formed by hydrogen and tellurium; as hydrotelluric acid, or hydrogen telluride.

Hydrotheca
Hy•dro•the´ca, n. ; pl. L. Hydrothecae (#), E. Hydrothecas (#). [NL., fr. E. hydra + Gr. a box.] (Zoöl.) One of the calicles which, in some Hydroidea (Thecaphora), protect the hydrants. See Illust. of Hydroidea, and Campanularian.

Hydrotherapy
Hy•dro•ther´a•py, n. [ Hydro-, 1 + therapy.] (Med.) See Hydropathy.

Hydrothorax
Hy•dro•tho´rax, n. [ Hydro-, 1 + thorax.] (Med.) An accumulation of serous fluid in the cavity of the chest.

Hydrotic
Hy•drot´ic, a. [Gr. "y•dwr water: cf. Gr. moisture, F. hydrotique.] Causing a discharge of water or phlegm. — n. (Med.) A hydrotic medicine.

Hydrotical
Hy•drot´ic•al, a. Hydrotic.

Hydrotrope
Hy´dro•trope, n. [ Hydro-, 1 + Gr. to turn, direct.] A device for raising water by the direct action of steam; a pulsometer.

Hydrotropic
Hy•dro•trop´ic, a. [See Hydrotrope.] (Bot.) Turning or bending towards moisture, as roots.

Hydrous
Hy´drous, a. [Gr. "y•dwr water.]
1. Containing water; watery.
2. (Chem.) Containing water of hydration or crystallization.

Hydroxanthane
Hy•dro•xan´thane, n. (Chem.) A persulphocyanate. [Obs.]

Hydroxanthic
Hy•dro•xan´thic, a. [ Hydro-, 2 + xanthic.] (Chem.) Persulphocyanic.

Hydroxide
Hy•drox´ide, n. [ Hydro-, 2 + oxide.] (Chem.) A hydrate; a substance containing hydrogen and oxygen, made by combining water with an oxide, and yielding water by elimination. The hydroxides are regarded as compounds of hydroxyl, united usually with basic element or radical; as calcium hydroxide ethyl hydroxide.

Hydroxy-
Hy•drox´y- (Chem.) A combining form, also used adjectively, indicating hydroxyl as an ingredient. Hydroxy acid (Chem.), an organic acid, having (besides the hydroxyl group of the carboxyl radical) an alcoholic hydroxyl group, and thus having the qualities of an alcohol in addition to its acid properties; as lactic and tartaric acids are hydroxy acids.

Hydroxyl
Hy•drox´yl, n. [ Hydro-, 2 + oxygen + -yl.] (Chem.) A compound radical, or unsaturated group, HO, consisting of one atom of hydrogen and one of oxygen. It is a characteristic part of the hydrates, the alcohols, the oxygen acids, etc.

Hydroxylamine
Hy•drox•yl•am´ine, n. [ Hydroxyl + amine.] (Chem.) A nitrogenous, organic base, NH₂.OH, resembling ammonia, and produced by a modified reduction of nitric acid. It is usually obtained as a volatile, unstable solution in water. It acts as a strong reducing agent.

Hydrozoa
Hy•dro•zo´a, n. pl. [NL., fr. E. hydra + Gr. an animal.] (Zoöl.) The Acalephae; one of the classes of cœlenterates, including the Hydroidea, Discophora, and Siphonophora.

Hydrozoal
Hy•dro•zo´al, a. (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the Hydrozoa.

Hydrozoön
Hy•dro•zo"ön, n. ; pl. L. Hydrozoa (#), E. Hydrozoöns (#). [NL.] (Zoöl.) One of the Hydrozoa.

Hydruret
Hy´dru•ret, n. [ Hydro-, 2] (Chem.) A binary compound of hydrogen; a hydride. [Obs.]

Hydrus
Hy´drus, n. [L., a water serpent; also a certain constellation, Gr. "y•dros.] (Astron.) A constellation of the southern hemisphere, near the south pole.

Hye, n. & v. See Hie. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hyemate
Hy´e•mate, v. i. [L. hiemare, hiematum. See Hyemal.] To pass the winter. [Obs. & R.]

Hyen
Hy´en, n. [F. hyène.] A hyena. [Obs.] Shak.

Hyena
Hy•e´na, n. ; pl. Hyenas (#). [L. hyaena, Gr., orig., a sow, but usually, a Libyan wild beast, prob., the hyena, fr. hog: cf. F. hyène. See Sow female hog.] (Zoöl.) Any carnivorous mammal of the family Hyaenidae, of which three living species are known. They are large and strong, but cowardly. They feed chiefly on carrion, and are nocturnal in their habits. [Written also hyaena.] The striped hyena ( Hyaena striata) inhabits Southern Asia and a large part of Africa. The brown hyena ( H. brunnea), and the spotted hyena ( Crocuta maculata), are found in Southern Africa. The extinct cave hyena ( H. spelaea) inhabited England and France. Cave hyena. See under Cave. — Hyena dog (Zoöl.), a South African canine animal ( Lycaon venaticus), which hunts in packs, chiefly at night. It is smaller than the common wolf, with very large, erect ears, and a bushy tail. Its color is reddish or yellowish brown, blotched with black and white. Called also hunting dog.

Hyetograph
Hy´e•to•graph, n. [Gr. rain + -graph.] A chart or graphic representation of the average distribution of rain over the surface of the earth.

Hyetographic
Hy•e•to•graph´ic, a. Of or pertaining to to hyetography.

Hyetography
Hy•e•tog´ra•phy, n. The branch of physical science which treats of the geographical distribution of rain.

Hyetology
Hy•e•tol´o•gy, n. [Gr. + rain -logy.] The science which treats of the precipitation of rain, snow, etc. — Hy•e•to•log´ic•al, a.

Hygeia
Hy•ge´ia, n. [L. Hygea, Hygia, fr. Gr.,, health,, Hygeia, fr. sound, healthy.] (Classic Myth.) The goddess of health, daughter of Esculapius.

Hygeian
Hy•ge´ian, a. Relating to Hygeia, the goddess of health; of or pertaining to health, or its preservation.

Hygeist
Hy´ge•ist, n. One skilled in hygiena; a hygienist.

Hygieist
Hy´gie•ist, n. A hygienist.

Hygiene
Hy´gi•ene, n. [F. hygiène. See Hygeia.] That department of sanitary science which treats of the preservation of health, esp. of households and communities; a system of principles or rules designated for the promotion of health.

Hygienics
Hy•gi•en´ics, n. The science of health; hygiene.

Hygienism
Hy´gi•en•ism, n. Hygiene.

Hygienist
Hy´gi•en•ist, n. One versed in hygiene.

Hygiology
Hy•gi•ol´o•gy, n. [Gr. health + -logy.] A treatise on, or the science of, the preservation of health. [R.]

Hygrine
Hy´grine, n. [From Gr. moist.] (Chem.) An alkaloid associated with cocaine in coca leaves ( Erythroxylon coca), and extracted as a thick, yellow oil, having a pungent taste and odor.

Hygrodeik
Hy´gro•deik, n. [Gr. wet, moist, and to show.] (Physics) A form of hygrometer having wet and dry bulb thermometers, with an adjustable index showing directly the percentage of moisture in the air, etc.

Hygrograph
Hy´gro•graph, n. [Gr. wet + -graph.] (Physics) An instrument for recording automatically the variations of the humidity of the atmosphere.

Hygrology
Hy•grol´o•gy, n. [Gr. wet + -logy: cf. F. hygrologie.] (Med.) The science which treats of the fluids of the body.

Hygrometer
Hy•grom´e•ter, n. [Gr. wet, moist + -meter: cf. F. hygromètre.] (Physics) An instrument for measuring the degree of moisture of the atmosphere. Daniell’s hygrometer, a form of hygrometer consisting of a bent glass tube terminating in two bulbs, the one covered with muslin, the other of black glass, and containing ether and a thermometer. Ether being poured on the muslin, the black ball, cooled by the evaporation of the ether within, is soon covered with dew; at this moment, the inclosed thermometer gives the dew-point, and this, compared with the reading of one in the air, determines the humidity. { Hy•gro•met´ric, Hy•gro•met´ric•al } a. [Cf. F. hygrometrique.]
1. Of or pertaining to hygrometry; made with, or according to, the hygrometer; as hygrometric observations.
2. Readily absorbing and retaining moisture; as hygrometric substances, like potash.

Hygrometry
Hy•grom´e•try, n. [Cf. F. hygrometrie.] (Physics) That branch of physics which relates to the determination of the humidity of bodies, particularly of the atmosphere, with the theory and use of the instruments constructed for this purpose.

Hygrophanous
Hy•groph´a•nous, a. [Gr. wet + to show.] Having such a structure as to be diaphanous when moist, and opaque when dry.

Hygrophthalmic
Hy•groph•thal´mic, a. [Gr. wet + E. ophthalmic.] (Anat.) Serving to moisten the eye; — sometimes applied to the lachrymal ducts.

Hygroplasm
Hy´gro•plasm, n. [Gr. wet + form, mold.] (Biol.) The fluid portion of the cell protoplasm, in opposition to stereoplasm, the solid or insoluble portion. The latter is supposed to be partly nutritive and partly composed of idioplasm.

Hygroscope
Hy´gro•scope, n. [Gr. wet + -scope: cf. F. hygroscope.] (Physics) An instrument which shows whether there is more or less moisture in the atmosphere, without indicating its amount.

Hygroscopic
Hy•gro•scop´ic, a. [Cf. F. hygroscopique.]
1. Of or pertaining to, or indicated by, the hygroscope; not readily manifest to the senses, but capable of detection by the hygroscope; as glass is often covered with a film of hygroscopic moisture.
2. Having the property of readily inbibing moisture from the atmosphere, or of the becoming coated with a thin film of moisture, as glass, etc.

Hygroscopicity
Hy•gro•sco•pic´i•ty, n. (Bot.) The property possessed by vegetable tissues of absorbing or discharging moisture according to circumstances.

Hygrostatics
Hy•gro•stat´ics, n. [Gr. wet + . See Statics.] The science or art of comparing or measuring degrees of moisture. Evelyn.

Hylarchical
Hy•lar´chi•cal, a. [Gr. wood, matter + : cf. F. hylarchique. See Archical.] Presiding over matter. [Obs.] Hallywell.

Hylicist
Hy´li•cist, n. [Gr. adj., material, fr. wood, matter.] A philosopher who treats chiefly of matter; one who adopts or teaches hylism.

Hylism
Hy´lism, n. [Gr. wood, matter.] (Metaph.) A theory which regards matter as the original principle of evil.

Hylobate
Hy´lo•bate, n. [Gr. one that walks or inhabits the woods: a wood + to go.] (Zoöl.) Any species of the genus Hylobates; a gibbon, or long-armed ape. See Gibbon.

Hyloism
Hy´lo•ism, n. Same as Hylotheism.

Hylopathist
Hy•lop´a•thist, n. One who believes in hylopathism.

Hylophagous
Hy•loph´a•gous, a. [Gr. wood + to eat.] (Zoöl.) Eating green shoots, as certain insects do.

Hylotheism
Hy´lo•the•ism, n. [Gr. wood, matter + God.] The doctrine of belief that matter is God, or that there is no God except matter and the universe; pantheism. See Materialism.

Hylozoic
Hy•lo•zo´ic, a. Of or pertaining to hylozoism.

Hylozoism
Hy•lo•zo´ism, n. [Gr. wood, matter + life, fr. to live: cf. F. hylozoïsme.] The doctrine that matter possesses a species of life and sensation, or that matter and life are inseparable. [R.] Cudworth.

Hylozoist
Hy•lo•zo´ist, n. A believer in hylozoism. A. Tucker.

Hymar
Hy•mar´, n. (Zoöl.) The wild ass of Persia.

Hymen
Hy´men, n. [Gr. skin, membrane.] (Anat.) A fold of muscous membrane often found at the orifice of the vagina; the vaginal membrane.

Hymen
Hy´men, n. [L., fr. Gr. .]
1. (Class Myth.) A fabulous deity; according to some, the son of Apollo and Urania, according to others, of Bacchus and Venus. He was the god of marriage, and presided over nuptial solemnities.
"Till Hymen brought his love-delighted hour, There dwelt no joy in Eden’s rosy bower." Campbell.
2. Marriage; union as if by marriage.
"Hymen of element and race." Emerson. { Hy•me•ne´al, Hy•me•ne´an } a. [L. hymeneius, a. , also Hymenaeus, n. , Hymen, Gr. the wedding song, also Hymen: cf. F. hymeneal, hymeneen.] Of or pertaining to marriage; as hymeneal rites. Pope. { Hy•me•ne´al, Hy•me•ne´an } n. A marriage song. Milton.

Hymenium
Hy•me´ni•um, n. ; pl. L. Hymenia (#), E. Hymeniums (#). [NL., fr. Gr. a membrane.] (Bot.) The spore-bearing surface of certain fungi, as that on the gills of a mushroom.

Hymenogeny
Hy•me•nog´e•ny, n. [Gr. a membrane + root of to be born.] The production of artificial membranes by contact of two fluids, as albumin and fat, by which the globules of the latter are surrounded by a thin film of the former.

Hymenomycetes
Hy•me•no•my•ce´tes, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. a membrane +,, a mushroom.] (Bot.) One of the great divisions of fungi, containing those species in which the hymenium is completely exposed. M. J. Berkley.

Hymenophore
Hy•men´o•phore, n. [Gr. a membrane + to bear.] (Bot.) That part of a fungus which is covered with the hymenium.

Hymenopter
Hy•me•nop´ter, n. [Cf. F. hymenoptère.] (Zoöl.) One of the Hymenoptera.

Hymenoptera
Hy•me•nop´te•ra, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. membrane-winged; skin, membrane + wing.] (Zoöl.) An extensive order of insects, including the bees, ants, ichneumons, sawflies, etc. They have four membranous wings, with few reticulations, and usually with a thickened, dark spot on the front edge of the anterior wings. In most of the species, the tongue, or lingua, is converted into an organ for sucking honey, or other liquid food, and the mandibles are adapted for biting or cutting. In one large division (Aculeata), including the bees, wasps, and ants, the females and workers usually have a sting, which is only a modified ovipositor. { Hy•me•nop´ter•al, Hy•me•nop´ter•ous } a. (Zoöl.) Like, or characteristic of, the Hymenoptera; pertaining to the Hymenoptera.

Hymenopteran
Hy•me•nop´ter•an, n. (Zoöl.) One of the Hymenoptera.

Hymn (him), n. [OE. hympne, ympne, F. hymne, OF. also ymne, L. hymnus, Gr. ; perh. akin to web, to weave, and so to E. weave.] An ode or song of praise or adoration; especially, a religious ode, a sacred lyric; a song of praise or thanksgiving intended to be used in religious service; as the Homeric hymns; Watts’ hymns.
"Admonishing one another in psalms and hymns." Col. iii. 16.
"Where angels first should practice hymns, and string Their tuneful harps." Dryden. Hymn book, a book containing a collection of hymns, as for use in churches; a hymnal.

Hymn, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Hymned p. pr. & vb. n. Hymning ] [Cf. L. hymnire, Gr. .] To praise in song; to worship or extol by singing hymns; to sing.
"To hymn the bright of the Lord." Keble.
"Their praise is hymned by loftier harps than mine." Byron.

Hymn, v. i. To sing in praise or adoration. Milton.

Hymnal
Hym´nal, n. A collection of hymns; a hymn book.

Hymnic
Hym´nic, a. [Cf. F. hymnique.] Relating to hymns, or sacred lyrics. Donne.

Hymning
Hymn´ing, a. Praising with hymns; singing. "The hymning choir." G. West.

Hymning
Hymn´ing, n. The singing of hymns. Milton.

Hymnist
Hym´nist, n. A writer of hymns.

Hymnody
Hym´no•dy, n. [Gr. ; a hymn + a song, a singing.] Hymns, considered collectively; hymnology.

Hymnographer
Hym•nog´ra•pher, n.
1. One who writes on the subject of hymns.
2. A writer or composed of hymns.

Hymnography
Hym•nog´ra•phy, n. [Gr. hymn + graphy.] The art or act of composing hymns.

Hymnologist
Hym•nol´o•gist, n. A composer or compiler of hymns; one versed in hymnology. Busby.

Hymnology
Hym•nol´o•gy, n. [Gr. hymn + -logy: cf. F. hymnologie.]
1. The hymns or sacred lyrics composed by authors of a particular country or period; as the hymnology of the eighteenth century; also the collective body of hymns used by any particular church or religious body; as the Anglican hymnology.
2. A knowledge of hymns; a treatise on hymns.

Hympne
Hymp´ne, n. A hymn. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Hyndreste
Hynd´reste, a. See Hinderest. [Obs.]

Hyoglossus
Hy•o•glos´sus, n. [NL., fr. hyo- hyo- + Gr. glw^ssa tongue.] (Anat.) A flat muscle on either side of the tongue, connecting it with the hyoid bone.

Hyoid
Hy´oid, a. [Gr. fr. the letter Υ + form: cf. F. hyoïde.]
1. Having the form of an arch, or of the Greek letter upsilon [Υ].
2. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the bony or cartilaginous arch which supports the tongue. Sometimes applied to the tongue itself. Hyoid arch (Anat.), the arch of cartilaginous or bony segments, which connects the base of the tongue with either side of the skull. — Hyoid bone (Anat.), the bone in the base of the tongue, the middle part of the hyoid arch.

Hyoid
Hy´oid, n. The hyoid bone. { Hy•oid´e•al, Hy•oid´e•an } a. Same as Hyoid, a.

Hyomental
Hy•o•men´tal, a. [ Hyo- + mental of the chin.] (Anat.) Between the hyoid bone and the lower jaw, pertaining to them; suprahyoid; submaxillary; as the hyomental region of the front of the neck.

Hyopastron
Hy•o•pas´tron, n. [ Hyo- + plastron.] (Zoöl.) The second lateral plate in the plastron of turtles; — called also hyosternum.

Hyoscine
Hy•os´cine, n. [See Hyoscyamus.] (Chem.) An alkaloid found with hyoscyamine (with which it is also isomeric) in henbane, and extracted as a white, amorphous, semisolid substance.

Hyosternal
Hy•o•ster´nal, a. [ Hyo- + ternal.] (Anat.) (a) Between the hyoid bone and the sternum, or pertaining to them; infrahyoid; as the hyosternal region of the neck. (b) Pertaining to the hyosternum of turtles.

Hyosternum
Hy•o•ster´num, n. [ Hyo- + sternum.] (Anat.) See Hyoplastron.

Hyp, n. An abbreviation of hypochonaria; — usually in plural. [Colloq.]
"Heaven send thou hast not got the hyps." Swift.

Hyp, v. t. To make melancholy. [Colloq.] W. Irving. { Hy•pae´thral, Hy•pe´thral }, a. [L. hypaethrus in the open air, uncovered, Gr. ; under + ether, the clear sky.] (Arch.) Exposed to the air; wanting a roof; — applied to a building or part of a building. Gwilt.

Hypallage
Hy•pal´la•ge, n. [L., fr. Gr., prop., interchange, exchange, fr, to interchange; under + to change.] (Gram.) A figure consisting of a transference of attributes from their proper subjects to others. Thus Virgil says, "dare classibus austros," to give the winds to the fleets, instead of dare classibus austris, to give the fleets to the winds.
"The hypallage, of which Virgil is fonder than any other writer, is much the gravest fault in language." Landor.

Hypallelomorph
Hyp•al•le´lo•morph, n. See Allelomorph.

Hypapophysis
Hy•pa•poph´y•sis, n. ; pl. Hypapophyles (#). [NL. See Hypo-, and Apophysis.] (Anat.) A process, or other element, of a vertebra developed from the ventral side of the centrum, as haemal spines, and chevron bones. — Hy•pa•po•phys´i•al (#), a.

Hypaspist
Hy•pas´pist, n. [Gr. .] (Gr. Antiq.) A shield-bearer or armor-bearer. Mitford.

Hypaxial
Hy•pax´i•al, a. [ Hypo- + axial.] (Anat.) Beneath the axis of the skeleton; subvertebral; hyposkeletal.

hype v. t.
1. to publicize [e.g. a product or a future event] insistently, in a manner exaggerating the importance of; to promote flamboyantly. [wns=1] [WordNet 1.5]
2. To stimulate or excite (a person); — usually used with up, and often in the passive form; as she was all hyped up over her upcoming wedding. [PJC]

hype n. Intense publicity for a future event, performed in a showy or excessively dramatic manner suggesting an importance not justified by the event; as the hype surrounding the superbowl is usually ludicrous. [PJC]

Hyper-
Hy´per- [Gr. "ype•r over, above; akin to L. super, E. over. See Over, and cf. Super- .]
1. A prefix signifying over, above; as hyperphysical, hyperthyrion; also above measure, abnormally great, excessive; as hyperaemia, hyperbola, hypercritical, hypersecretion.
2. (Chem.) A prefix equivalent to super- or per-; as hyperoxide, or peroxide. [Obs.] See Per-.

Hyperaesthesia
Hy•per•aes•the´si•a, n. [NL., fr. Gr. "ype•r over + sense, perception.] (Med. & Physiol.) A state of exalted or morbidly increased sensibility of the body, or of a part of it. — Hy•per•aes•thet´ic (#), a.

Hyperapophysis
Hy•per•a•poph´y•sis, n. ; pl. Hyperapophyses (#). [NL. See Hyper-, and Apophysis.] (Anat.) A lateral and backward-projecting process on the dorsal side of a vertebra. - - Hy•per•ap•o•phys´i•al (#), a.

Hyperbatic
Hy•per•bat´ic, a. Of or pertaining to an hyperbaton; transposed; inverted.

Hyperbaton
Hy•per´ba•ton, n. [L., fr. Gr., fr. transposed, fr. to step over; "ype•r over + to step.] (Gram.) A figurative construction, changing or inverting the natural order of words or clauses; as "echoed the hills" for "the hills echoed."
"With a violent hyperbaton to transpose the text." Milton.

Hyperbola
Hy•per´bo•la, n. [Gr., prop., an overshooting, excess, i. e., of the angle which the cutting plane makes with the base. See Hyperbole.] (Geom.) A curve formed by a section of a cone, when the cutting plane makes a greater angle with the base than the side of the cone makes. It is a plane curve such that the difference of the distances from any point of it to two fixed points, called foci, is equal to a given distance. See Focus. If the cutting plane be produced so as to cut the opposite cone, another curve will be formed, which is also an hyperbola. Both curves are regarded as branches of the same hyperbola. See Illust. of Conic section, and Focus.

Hyperboliform
Hy•per•bol´i•form, a. [ Hyperbola + -form.] Having the form, or nearly the form, of an hyperbola.

Hyperbolism
Hy•per´bo•lism, n. [Cf. F. hyperbolisme.] The use of hyperbole. Jefferson.

Hyperbolist
Hy•per´bo•list, n. One who uses hyperboles.

Hyperbolize
Hy•per´bo•lize, v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Hyperbolized p. pr. & vb. n. Hyperbolizing ] [Cf. F. hyperboliser.] To speak or write with exaggeration. Bp. Montagu.

Hyperbolize
Hy•per´bo•lize, v. t. To state or represent hyperbolically. Fotherby.

Hyperboloid
Hy•per´bo•loid, n. [ Hyperbola + -oid: cf. F. hyperboloïde.] (Geom.) A surface of the second order, which is cut by certain planes in hyperbolas; also the solid, bounded in part by such a surface. Hyperboloid of revolution, an hyperboloid described by an hyperbola revolving about one of its axes. The surface has two separate sheets when the axis of revolution is the transverse axis, but only one when the axis of revolution is the conjugate axis of the hyperbola.

Hyperboloid
Hy•per´bo•loid, a. (Geom.) Having some property that belongs to an hyperboloid or hyperbola.

Hyperborean
Hy•per•bo´re•an, a. [L. hyperboreus, Gr. ; "ype•r over, beyond + . See Boreas.]
1. (Greek Myth.) Of or pertaining to the region beyond the North wind, or to its inhabitants.
2. Northern; belonging to, or inhabiting, a region in very far north; most northern; hence, very cold; fright, as a hyperborean coast or atmosphere.
"The hyperborean or frozen sea." C. Butler (1633).

Hyperborean
Hy•per•bo´re•an, n.
1. (Greek Myth.) One of the people who lived beyond the North wind, in a land of perpetual sunshine.
2. An inhabitant of the most northern regions.

Hypercarbureted
Hy•per•car´bu•ret•ed, a. (Chem.) Having an excessive proportion of carbonic acid; — said of bicarbonates or acid carbonates. [Written also hypercarburetted.]

Hypercatalectic
Hy•per•cat•a•lec´tic, a. [L. hypercatalecticus, hypercatalectus, Gr. : cf. F. hypercatalectique. See Hyper-, and Catalectic.] (Pros.) Having a syllable or two beyond measure; as a hypercatalectic verse.

Hypercritic
Hy•per•crit´ic, n. [Pref. hyper- + critic: cf. F. hypercritique.] One who is critical beyond measure or reason; a carping critic; a captious censor. "Hypercritics in English poetry." Dryden.

Hypercritic
Hy•per•crit´ic, a. Hypercritical.

Hypercritical
Hy•per•crit´ic•al, a.
1. Over critical; unreasonably or unjustly critical; carping; captious. "Hypercritical readers." Swift.
2. Excessively nice or exact. Evelyn.

Hypercritically
Hy•per•crit´ic•al•ly, adv. In a hypercritical manner.

Hypercriticise
Hy•per•crit´i•cise, v. t. To criticise with unjust severity; to criticise captiously.

Hypercriticism
Hy•per•crit´i•cism, n. Excessive criticism, or unjust severity or rigor of criticism; zoilism.

Hyperdicrotic
Hy•per•di•crot´ic, a. (Physiol.) Excessive dicrotic; as a hyperdicrotic pulse.

Hyperdicrotism
Hy•per•di´cro•tism, n. (Physiol.) A hyperdicrotic condition.

Hyperdicrotous
Hy•per•di´cro•tous, a. (Physiol.) Hyperdicrotic.

Hyperdulia
Hy•per•du•li´a, n. [Pref. hyper- + dulia: cf. F. hyperdulie.] (R. C. Ch.) Veneration or worship given to the Virgin Mary as the most exalted of mere creatures; higher veneration than dulia. Addis & Arnold.

Hyperduly
Hy´per•du•ly, n. Hyperdulia. [Obs.]

Hyperesthesia
Hy•per•es•the´si•a, n. Same as Hyperaesthesia.

Hyperinosis
Hy•per•i•no´sis, n. [NL., fr. Gr. "ype•r over +,, strength, fiber.] (Med.) A condition of the blood, characterized by an abnormally large amount of fibrin, as in many inflammatory diseases.

Hyperion
Hy•pe´ri•on, n. [L., fr. Gr. .] (Class Myth.) The god of the sun; in the later mythology identified with Apollo, and distinguished for his beauty.
"So excellent a king; that was to this, Hyperion to a satyr." Shak.

Hyperkinesis
Hy•per•ki•ne´sis, n. [NL., fr. Gr. "ype•r over + motion.] (Med.) Abnormally increased muscular movement; spasm.

Hyperkinetic
Hy•per•ki•net´ic, a. Of or pertaining to hyperkinesis.

Hypermetamorphosis
Hy•per•met•a•mor´pho•sis, n. [ Hyper- + metamorphosis.] (Zoöl.) A kind of metamorphosis, in certain insects, in which the larva itself undergoes remarkable changes of form and structure during its growth.

Hypermeter
Hy•per´me•ter, n. [Gr. beyond all measure; "ype•r over, beyond + measure: cf. F. hypermètre.]
1. (Pros.) A verse which has a redundant syllable or foot; a hypercatalectic verse.
2. Hence, anything exceeding the ordinary standard.
"When a man rises beyond six foot, he is an hypermeter." Addison.

Hypermetrical
Hy•per•met´ric•al, a. Having a redundant syllable; exceeding the common measure. Hypermetrical verse (Gr. & Lat. Pros.), a verse which contains a syllable more than the ordinary measure. { Hy•per•me•tro´pi•a, Hy•per•met´ro•py } n. [NL. hypermetropia, fr. Gr. excessive +,, the eye. See Hypermeter.] A condition of the eye in which, through shortness of the eyeball or fault of the refractive media, the rays of light come to a focus behind the retina; farsightedness; — called also hyperopia. Cf. Emmetropia. In hypermetropia, vision for distant objects, although not better absolutely, is better than that for near objects, and hence, the individual is said to be farsighted. It is corrected by the use of convex glasses. — Hy•per•me•trop´ic (#), a.

Hyperoartia
Hy•per•o•ar´ti•a, n. pl. [NL.] (Zoöl.) An order of marsipobranchs including the lampreys. The suckerlike moth contains numerous teeth; the nasal opening is in the middle of the head above, but it does not connect with the mouth. See Cyclostoma, and Lamprey.

Hyperorganic
Hy•per•or•gan´ic (-ôr•gan"ik), a. [Pref. hyper- + organic.] Higher than, or beyond the sphere of, the organic. Sir W. Hamilton.

Hyperorthodoxy
Hy•per•or´tho•dox•y, n. Orthodoxy pushed to excess.

Hyperotreta
Hy•per•o•tre´ta (hi•per•o•tre"ta), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. "yperw•,n the palate + trhto•s perforated.] (Zoöl.) An order of marsipobranchs, including the Myxine or hagfish and the genus Bdellostoma. They have barbels around the mouth, one tooth on the palate, and a communication between the nasal aperture and the throat. See Hagfish. [Written also Hyperotreti.]

Hyperoxymuriate
Hy•per•ox•y•mu´ri•ate, n. (Chem.) A perchlorate. [Obs.]

Hyperoxymuriatic
Hy•per•ox•y•mu•ri•at´ic, a. (Chem.) Perchloric; as hyperoxymuriatic acid. [Obs.]

Hyperphysical
Hy•per•phys´ic•al, a. Above or transcending physical laws; supernatural.
"Those who do not fly to some hyperphysical hypothesis." Sir W. Hamilton.

Hyperplasia
Hy•per•pla´si•a, n. [NL., fr. Gr. "ype•r over + conformation, fr. to mold.] (Med. & Biol.) An increase in, or excessive growth of, the normal elements of any part. Hyperplasia relates to the formation of new elements, hypertrophy being an increase in bulk of preexisting normal elements. Dunglison.

Hyperplastic
Hy•per•plas´tic, a.
1. Of or pertaining to hyperplasia.
2. (Biol.) Tending to excess of formative action.

Hyperpnœa
Hy•perp•nœ"a, n. [NL., fr. Gr. "ype•r over +,, breath.] (Physiol.) Abnormal breathing, due to slightly deficient arterialization of the blood; — in distinction from eupnœa. See Eupnœa, and Dispnœa.

Hypersensibility
Hy•per•sen•si•bil´i•ty, n. See Hyperaesthesia.

Hypersthene
Hy´per•sthene (hi"per•sthen), n. [Gr. "ype•r over + sqe•nos strength: cf. F. hyperstène.] (Min.) An orthorhombic mineral of the pyroxene group, of a grayish or greenish black color, often with a peculiar bronzelike luster (schiller) on the cleavage surface.

Hypersthenic
Hy•per•sthen´ic, a. (Min.) Composed of, or containing, hypersthene.

Hyperthetical
Hy•per•thet´ic•al, a. [Gr. ; "ype•r over + tiqe•nai to place.] Exaggerated; excessive; hyperbolical. [Obs.]
"Hyperthetical or superlative … expression." Chapman.

Hyperthyrion
Hy•per•thyr´i•on, n. [NL., fr. Gr. ; "ype•r over + door.] (Arch.) That part of the architrave which is over a door or window. { Hy•per•troph´ic, Hy•per•troph´ic•al } a. [Cf. F. hypertrophique.] (Med. & Biol.) Of or pertaining to hypertrophy; affected with, or tending to, hypertrophy.

Hypertrophied
Hy•per´tro•phied, a. (Med. & Biol.) Excessively developed; characterized by hypertrophy.

Hypertrophy
Hy•per´tro•phy, n. [Gr. "ype•r over, beyond + nourishment, fr. to nourish: cf. F. hypertrophie.] (Med. & Biol.) A condition of overgrowth or excessive development of an organ or part; — the opposite of atrophy.

Hyphae
Hy´phae, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. "yfh• a web.] (Bot.) The long, branching filaments of which the mycelium (and the greater part of the plant) of a fungus is formed. They are also found enveloping the gonidia of lichens, making up a large part of their structure.

Hyphen
Hy´phen, n. [L., fr. Gr., fr. under one, into one, together, fr. under +, neut. of one. See Hypo-.] (Print.) A mark or short dash, thus [-], placed at the end of a line which terminates with a syllable of a word, the remainder of which is carried to the next line; or between the parts of many a compound word; as in fine- leaved, clear-headed. It is also sometimes used to separate the syllables of words.

Hyphen
Hy´phen, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Hyphened p. pr. & vb. n. Hyphening.] To connect with, or separate by, a hyphen, as two words or the parts of a word.

Hyphomycetes
Hy•pho•my•ce´tes, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. a web +,, a mushroom.] (Bot.) One of the great division of fungi, containing those species which have naked spores borne on free or only fasciculate threads. M. J. Berkley.

Hypidiomorphic
Hy•pid•i•o•mor´phic, a. [Pref. hypo- + idiomorphic.] (Crystallog.) Partly idiomorphic; — said of rock a portion only of whose constituents have a distinct crystalline form. — Hy•pid•i•o•mor´phic•al•ly (#), adv.

Hypinosis
Hyp•i•no´sis, n. [NL., fr. Gr. under +, strength, fiber.] (Med.) A diminution in the normal amount of fibrin present in the blood.

Hypnagogic
Hyp•na•gog´ic, a. [Gr. sleep + a carrying away.] Leading to sleep; — applied to the illusions of one who is half asleep.

Hypnobate
Hyp´no•bate, n. [F., fr. Gr. sleep + to go.] A somnambulist. [R.]

Hypnocyst
Hyp´no•cyst, n. [Gr. sleep + E. cyst.] (Biol.) A cyst in which some unicellular organisms temporarily inclose themselves, from which they emerge unchanged, after a period of drought or deficiency of food. In some instances, a process of spore formation seems to occur within such cysts.

Hypnogenic
Hyp•no•gen´ic, a. [Gr. sleep + root of to be born.] (Physiol.) Relating to the production of hypnotic sleep; as the so-called hypnogenic pressure points, pressure upon which is said to cause an attack of hypnotic sleep. De Watteville.

Hypnologist
Hyp•nol´o•gist, n. One who is versed in hypnology.

Hypnology
Hyp•nol´o•gy, n. [Gr. sleep + -logy.] A treatise on sleep; the doctrine of sleep.

Hypnoscope
Hyp´no•scope, n. [Gr. + - scope.] (Physiol.) An instrument for ascertaining the susceptibility of a person to hypnotic influences.

Hypnosis
Hyp•no´sis, n. [NL., fr. Gr. sleep.] (Med.) Supervention of sleep.

Hypnosis
Hyp•no´sis, n. The condition of being hypnotized.

Hypnotic
Hyp•not´ic, a. [Gr. inclined to sleep, putting to sleep, fr. to lull to sleep, fr. sleep; akin to L. somnus, and E. somnolent: cf. F. hypnotique.]
1. Having the quality of producing sleep; tending to produce sleep; soporific.
2. Of or pertaining to hypnotism; in a state of hypnotism; liable to hypnotism; as a hypnotic condition.

Hypnotic
Hyp•not´ic, n.
1. Any agent that produces, or tends to produce, sleep; an opiate; a soporific; a narcotic.
2. A person who exhibits the phenomena of, or is subject to, hypnotism.

Hypnotism
Hyp´no•tism, n. [Gr. sleep: cf. F. hypnotisme.] A form of sleep or somnambulism brought on by artificial means, in which there is an unusual suspension of some powers, and an unusual activity of others. It is induced by an action upon the nerves, through the medium of the senses, as in persons of very feeble organization, by gazing steadly at a very bright object held before the eyes, or by pressure upon certain points of the surface of the body.

Hypnotization
Hyp•no•ti•za´tion, n. The act or process of producing hypnotism.

Hypnotize
Hyp´no•tize, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Hypnotized p. pr. & vb. n. Hypnotizing ] To induce hypnotism in; to place in a state of hypnotism.

Hypnum
Hyp´num, n. [NL., fr. Gr. moss.] (Bot.) The largest genus of true mosses; feather moss.

Hypo
Hy´po, n. Hypochondria. [Colloq.]

Hypo
Hy´po, n. [Abbrev. from hyposulphite.] (Photog.) Sodium hyposulphite, or thiosulphate, a solution of which is used as a bath to wash out the unchanged silver salts in a picture. [Colloq.]

Hypo-
Hy´po- [Gr. under, beneath; akin to L. sub. See Sub-.]
1. A prefix signifying a less quantity, or a low state or degree, of that denoted by the word with which it is joined, or position under or beneath.
2. (Chem.) A prefix denoting that the element to the name of which it is prefixed enters with a low valence, or in a low state of oxidization, usually the lowest, into the compounds indicated; as hyposulphurous acid.

Hypoarion
Hy•po•a´ri•on, n. ; pl. Hypoaria (#). [NL., fr. Gr. "ypo• beneath + a little egg.] (Anat.) An oval lobe beneath each of the optic lobes in many fishes; one of the inferior lobes. Owen.

Hypoblast
Hy´po•blast, n. [Pref. hypo- + -blast.] (Biol.) The inner or lower layer of the blastoderm; — called also endoderm, entoderm, and sometimes hypoderm. See Illust. of Blastoderm, Delamination, and Ectoderm.

Hypobole
Hy•pob´o•le, n. [Gr. a throwing under, a suggesting; under + to throw.] (Rhet.) A figure in which several things are mentioned that seem to make against the argument, or in favor of the opposite side, each of them being refuted in order.

Hypobranchial
Hy•po•bran´chi•al, a. [Pref. hypo- + branchial.] (Anat.) Pertaining to the segment between the basibranchial and the ceratobranchial in a branchial arch. — n. A hypobranchial bone or cartilage. { Hy´po•carp, Hy•po•car´pi•um } n. [NL. hypocarpium, fr. Gr. "ypo• beneath + fruit.] (Bot.) A fleshy enlargement of the receptacle, or for the stem, below the proper fruit, as in the cashew. See Illust. of Cashew.

Hypocaust
Hyp´o•caust, n. [L. hypocaustum, Gr. ; under + to burn: cf. F. hypocauste.] (Anc. Arch.) A furnace, esp. one connected with a series of small chambers and flues of tiles or other masonry through which the heat of a fire was distributed to rooms above. This contrivance, first used in bath, was afterwards adopted in private houses.

Hypochlorite
Hy•po•chlo´rite, n. (Chem.) A salt of hypochlorous acid; as a calcium hypochloride.

Hypochlorous
Hy•po•chlo´rous, a. [Pref. hypo- + chlorous.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, chlorine having a valence lower than in chlorous compounds. Hypochlorous acid (Chem.), an acid derived from chlorine, not known in a pure state, but forming various salts, called hypochlorites.

Hypochondres
Hy•po•chon´dres, n. pl. [F. hypocondres, formerly spely hypochondres.] The hypochondriac regions. See Hypochondrium.

Hypochondriac
Hy•po•chon´dri•ac, a. [Gr. affocated in the hypochondrium: cf. F. hypocondriaque, formerly spelt hypochondriaque.]
1. Of or pertaining to hypochondria, or the hypochondriac regions.
2. Affected, characterized, or produced, by hypochondriasis. Hypochondriac region (Anat.), a region on either side of the abdomen beneath the cartilages of the false ribs, beside the epigastric, and above the lumbar, region.

Hypochondriac
Hy•po•chon´dri•ac, n. A person affected with hypochondriasis.
"He had become an incurable hypochondriac." Macaulay.

Hypochondriacal
Hy•po•chon´dri•a•cal, a. Same as Hypochondriac, 2. — Hy•po•chon´dri•a•cal•ly, adv.

Hypochondriasis
Hy•po•chon´dri•a•sis, n. [NL. So named because supposed to have its seat in the hypochondriac regions. See Hypochondriac, Hypochondrium, and cf. Hyp, 1st Hypo.] (Med.) A mental disorder in which melancholy and gloomy views torment the affected person, particularly concerning his own health.

Hypochondrium
Hy•po•chon´dri•um, n. ; pl. L. Hypochondria (#), E. Hypochondriums (#). [L., fr. Gr., from under the cartilage of the breastbone; under + cartilage.] (Anat.) Either of the hypochondriac regions.

Hypochondry
Hy•po•chon´dry, n. Hypochondriasis.

Hypocist
Hyp´o•cist, n. [Gr. a plant growing on the roots of the Cistus.] An astringent inspissated juice obtained from the fruit of a plant ( Cytinus hypocistis), growing from the roots of the Cistus, a small European shrub.

Hypocleidium
Hy•po•clei´di•um, n. ; pl. L. Hypocleida (#), E. Hypocleidiums (#). [NL., fr. Gr. under + a little key.] (Anat.) A median process on the furculum, or merrythought, of many birds, where it is connected with the sternum.

Hypocoristic
Hyp•o•co•ris´tic, a. [Gr. ; under + to caress.] Endearing; diminutive; as the hypocoristic form of a name.
"The hypocoristic or pet form of William." Dr. Murray.

Hypocrateriform
Hyp•o•cra•ter´i•form, a. [Pref. hypo- + krath•r cup + -form.] (Bot.) hypocraterimorphous; salver-shaped. Wood.

Hypocraterimorphous
Hyp•o•cra•ter•i•mor´phous, a. [Pref. hypo- + Gr. krath•r bowl + morfh• form.] (Bot.) Salver-shaped; having a slender tube, expanding suddenly above into a bowl-shaped or spreading border, as in the blossom of the phlox and the lilac.

Hypocrisy
Hy•poc´ri•sy (hi•pok"ri•sy), n. ; pl. Hypocrisies (- siz). [OE. hypocrisie, ypocrisie, OF. hypocrisie, ypocrisie, F. hypocrisie, L. hypocrisis, fr. Gr. "ypo•krisis the playing a part on the stage, simulation, outward show, fr. "ypokr•nesqai to answer on the stage, to play a part; "ypo• under + kri•nein to decide; in the middle voice, to dispute, contend. See Hypo-, and Critic.] The act or practice of a hypocrite; a feigning to be what one is not, or to feel what one does not feel; a dissimulation, or a concealment of one’s real character, disposition, or motives; especially, the assuming of false appearance of virtue or religion; a simulation of goodness.
"Hypocrisy is the necessary burden of villainy." Rambler.
"Hypocrisy is the homage vice pays to virtue." La Rochefoucauld (Trans. ).

Hypocritic
Hyp•o•crit´ic, a. See Hypocritical. Swift.

Hypocrystalline
Hyp•o•crys´tal•line, a. [Pref. hypo- + crystalline.] (Crystallog.) Partly crystalline; — said of rock which consists of crystals imbedded in a glassy ground mass.

Hypocycloid
Hy•po•cy´cloid, n. [Pref. hypo- + cycloid: cf. F. hypocycloïde.] (Geom.) A curve traced by a point in the circumference of a circle which rolls on the concave side in the fixed circle. Cf. Epicycloid, and Trochoid.

Hypoderm
Hyp´o•derm, n. [Pref. hypo- + -derm.] (Biol.) Same as Hypoblast.

Hypodermic
Hyp•o•der´mic, a. [See Hypoderma.] Of or pertaining to the parts under the skin. Hypodermic medication, the application of remedies under the epidermis, usually by means of a small syringe, called the hypodermic syringe. — Hyp•o•der´mic•al•ly (#), adv.

Hypogastric
Hyp•o•gas´tric, a. [Cf. F. hypogastrique. See Hypogastrium.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the hypogastrium or the hypogastric region. Hypogastric region. (a) The lower part of the abdomen. (b) An arbitrary division of the abdomen below the umbilical and between the two iliac regions.

Hypogean
Hyp•o•ge´an, a. [Pref. hypo- + Gr. earth.] (Bot.) Hypogeous. [Written also hypogaean.]

Hypogene
Hyp´o•gene, a. [Pref. hypo- + the root of Gr. to be born: cf. F. hypogène.] (Geol.) Formed or crystallized at depths beneath the earth’s surface; — said of granite, gneiss, and other rocks, whose crystallization is believed of have taken place beneath a great thickness of overlying rocks. Opposed to epigene.

Hypogeous
Hyp•o•ge´ous, a. [See Hypogean.] (Bot.) Growing under ground; remaining under ground; ripening its fruit under ground. [Written also hypogaeous.]

Hypoglossal
Hyp•o•glos´sal, a. [Pref. hypo- + Gr. the tongue.] (Anat.) Under the tongue; — applied esp., in the higher vertebrates, to the twelfth or last pair of cranial nerves, which are distributed to the base of the tongue. — n. One of the hypoglossal nerves.

Hypognatous
Hy•pog´na•tous, a. [Pref. hypo- + Gr. the jaw.] (Zoöl.) Having the maxilla, or lower jaw, longer than the upper, as in the skimmer.

Hypogyn
Hyp´o•gyn, n. (Bot.) An hypogynous plant.

Hypogynous
Hy•pog´y•nous, a. [Pref. hypo- + Gr. woman, female: cf. F. hypogyne.] (Bot.) Inserted below the pistil or pistils; — said of sepals, petals, and stamens; having the sepals, petals, and stamens inserted below the pistil; — said of a flower or a plant. Gray.

Hypohyal
Hy•po•hy´al, a. [Pref. hypo- + Greek letter .] (Anat.) Pertaining to one or more small elements in the hyoidean arch of fishes, between the caratohyal and urohyal. — n. One of the hypohyal bones or cartilages.

Hyponastic
Hy•po•nas´tic, a. [Pref. hypo- + Gr. pressed close.] (Bot.) Exhibiting a downward convexity caused by unequal growth. Cf. Epinastic.

Hyponitrite
Hy•po•ni´trite, n. (Chem.) A salt of hyponitrous acid.

Hyponitrous
Hy•po•ni´trous, a. [Pref. hypo- + nitrous.] (Chem.) Containing or derived from nitrogen having a lower valence than in nitrous compounds. Hyponitrous acid (Chem.), an unstable nitrogen acid, NOH, whose salts are produced by reduction of the nitrates, although the acid itself is not isolated in the free state except as a solution in water; — called also nitrosylic acid.

Hypopharynx
Hy•po•phar´ynx, n. [NL. See Hypo-, and Pharynx.] (Zoöl.) An appendage or fold on the lower side of the pharynx, in certain insects.

Hypophosphite
Hy•po•phos´phite, n. (Chem.) A salt of hypophosphorous acid.

Hypophosphoric
Hy•po•phos•phor´ic, a. [Pref. hypo- + phosphoric.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, or containing, phosphorus in a lower state of oxidation than in phosphoric compounds; as hypophosphoric acid. Hypophosphoric acid (Chem.), an acid, P₂H₄O₆, produced by the slow oxidation of moist phosphorus, and isolated only as a solution in water. It is regarded as a condensation product of one molecule of phosphoric acid with one of phosphorous acid, by partial dehydration.

Hypophosphorous
Hy•po•phos´phor•ous, a. [Pref. hypo- + phosphorous.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or containing, phosphorus in a lower state of oxidation than in phosphoric compounds; as hypophosphorous acid. Hypophosphorous acid (Chem.), an acid, H₃PO₂, whose salts are produced by the action of barium hygrate on phosphorus. It may be obtained from its water solution, by exaporation and freezing, as a white crystalline substance. It is a powerful reducing agent.

Hypophyllous
Hy•poph´yl•lous, a. [Pref. hypo- + Gr. leaf.] (Bot.) Being or growing on the under side of a leaf, as the fruit dots of ferns.

Hypophysial
Hy•po•phys´i•al, a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the hypophysis; pituitary.

Hypophysis
Hy•poph´y•sis, n. [NL., fr. Gr. under + nature, origin.]
1. (Anat.) See Pituitary body, under Pituitary.
2. (Med.) Cataract.

Hypoptilum
Hy•pop´ti•lum, n. ; pl. L. Hypoptila (#), E. Hypoptilums (#). [NL., fr. Gr. "ypo• beneath + down.] (Zoöl.) An accessory plume arising from the posterior side of the stem of the contour feathers of many birds; — called also aftershaft. See Illust. of Feather.

Hyposkeletal
Hy•po•skel´e•tal, a. [Pref. hypo- + skeletal.] (Anat.) Beneath the endoskeleton; hypaxial; as the hyposkeletal muscles; — opposed to episkeletal.

Hypospadias
Hy•po•spa´di•as, n. [NL., fr. Gr. "ypo• beneath + spa•n to draw, tear.] (Med.) A deformity of the penis, in which the urethra opens upon its under surface.

Hypostasis
Hy•pos´ta•sis, n. ; pl. Hypostases (#). [L., fr. Gr. subsistence, substance, fr. to stand under; under + to stand, middle voice of to cause to stand. See Hypo-, and Stand.]
1. That which forms the basis of anything; underlying principle; a concept or mental entity conceived or treated as an existing being or thing.
2. (Theol.) Substance; subsistence; essence; person; personality; — used by the early theologians to denote any one of the three subdivisions of the Godhead, the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. The Council of Alexandria (a. d. 362) defined hypostasis as synonymous with person. Schaff- Herzog.
3. Principle; an element; — used by the alchemists in speaking of salt, sulphur, and mercury, which they considered as the three principles of all material bodies.
4. (Med.) That which is deposited at the bottom of a fluid; sediment.

Hypostatically
Hy•po•stat´ic•al•ly, adv. In a hypostatic manner.

Hypostatize
Hy•pos´ta•tize, v. t.
1. To make into, or regarded as a separate and distinct substance.
"Looked upon both species and genera as hypostatized universals." Pop. Sci. Monthly.
2. To attribute actual or personal existence to. Sir W. Hamilton.

Hyposternum
Hy•po•ster´num, n. ; pl. L. Hyposterna (#), E. Hyposternums (#). [Pref. hypo- + sternum.] (Anat.) See Hypoplastron. { Hy´po•stome, Hy•pos´to•ma } n. [NL. hypostoma, fr. Gr. "ypo• beneath + mouth.] (Zoöl.) The lower lip of trilobites, crustaceans, etc.

Hypostyle
Hy´po•style, a. [Gr. resting on pillars; under + a pillar.] (Arch.) Resting upon columns; constructed by means of columns; — especially applied to the great hall at Karnak.

Hyposulphate
Hy•po•sul´phate, n. (Chem.) A salt of hyposulphuric acid.

Hyposulphite
Hy•po•sul´phite, n. (Chem.) (a) A salt of what was formerly called hyposulphurous acid; a thiosulphate. [Obs.] (b) A salt of hyposulphurous acid proper.

Hyposulphuric
Hy•po•sul•phur´ic, a. [Pref. hypo- + sulphuric.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or containing, sulphur in a lower state of oxidation than in the sulphuric compounds; as hyposulphuric acid. Hyposulphuric acid, an acid, H₂S₂O₆, obtained by the action of manganese dioxide on sulphur dioxide, and known only in a watery solution and in its salts; — called also dithionic acid. See Dithionic.

Hypotarsus
Hy•po•tar´sus, n. ; pl. Hypotarsi (#). [NL. See Hypo-, and Tarsus.] (Anat.) A process on the posterior side of the tarsometatarsus of many birds; the calcaneal process. — Hy•po•tar´sal (#), a. { Hy•pot´e•nuse, Hy•poth´e•nuse }, n. [L. hypotenusa, Gr., prob., subtending (sc. ), fr. to stretch under, subtend; under + to stretch. See Subtend.] (Geom.) The side of a right-angled triangle that is opposite to the right angle.

Hypothenar
Hy•poth´e•nar, n. (Anat.) The hypothenar eminence.

Hypothenusal
Hy•poth•e•nu´sal, a. Of or pertaining to hypothenuse. [R.]

Hypothenuse
Hy•poth´e•nuse, n. Same as Hypotenuse.

Hypotrachelium
Hy•po•tra•che´li•um, n. [L., fr. Gr. ; under + neck.] (Arch.) Same as Gorgerin.

Hypotrochoid
Hy•po•tro´choid, n. [Pref. hypo- + trochoid.] (Geom.) A curve, traced by a point in the radius, or radius produced, of a circle which rolls upon the concave side of a fixed circle. See Hypocycloid, Epicycloid, and Trochoid.

Hypoxanthin
Hy•po•xan´thin, n. [Pref. hypo- + xanthin.] (Physiol. Chem.) A crystalline, nitrogenous substance, closely related to xanthin and uric acid, widely distributed through the animal body, but especially in muscle tissue; — called also sarcin, sarkin.

Hypozoic
Hy•po•zo´ic, a. [Pref. hypo- + Gr. an animal.] (Geol.) Anterior in age to the lowest rocks which contain organic remains. Lyell.

Hyppish
Hyp´pish, a. [From Hyp.] Affected with hypochondria; hypped. [Written also hyppish.]

Hypsometer
Hyp•som´e•ter, n. [Gr. height + -meter.] (Physics) An instrument for measuring heights by observation of barometric pressure; esp., one for determining heights by ascertaining the boiling point of water. It consists of a vessel for water, with a lamp for heating it, and an inclosed thermometer for showing the temperature of ebullition. { Hyp•so•met´ric, Hyp•so•met´ric•al } a. Of or pertaining to hypsometry.

Hypsometry
Hyp•som´e•try, n. That branch of the science of geodesy which has to do with the measurement of heights, either absolutely with reference to the sea level, or relatively.

Hypural
Hy•pu´ral, a. [Pref. hypo- + Gr. tail.] (Anat.) Under the tail; — applied to the bones which support the caudal fin rays in most fishes.

Hyracoid
Hy´ra•coid, a. (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the Hyracoidea. — n. One of the Hyracoidea.

Hyracoidea
Hyr•a•coi´de•a, n. pl. [NL. See Hyrax, and oid.] (Zoöl.) An order of small hoofed mammals, comprising the single living genus Hyrax.

Hyrst, n. A wood. See Hurst.

Hyssop
Hys´sop, n. [OE. hysope, ysope, OF. ysope, F. hysope, hyssope, L. hysopum, hyssopum, hyssopus, Gr.,, an aromatic plant, fr. Heb. esov.] A plant ( Hyssopus officinalis). The leaves have an aromatic smell, and a warm, pungent taste. The hyssop of Scripture is supposed to be a species of caper ( Capparis spinosa), but probably the name was used for several different plants.

Hysteranthous
Hys•ter•an´thous, a. [Gr. after + flower.] (Bot.) Having the leaves expand after the flowers have opened. Henslow.

Hysteresis
Hys•te•re´sis, n. [NL., fr. Gr. to be behind, to lag.] (Physics) A lagging or retardation of the effect, when the forces acting upon a body are changed, as if from velocity or internal friction; a temporary resistance to change from a condition previously induced, observed in magnetism, thermoelectricity, etc., on reversal of polarity.

Hysteretic
Hys•ter•et´ic, a. (Elec.) Of or pert. to hysteresis. — Hysteretic constant, the hysteretic loss in ergs per cubic centimeter per cycle. I.

Hysteria
Hys•te´ri•a, n. [NL.: cf. F. hysterie. See Hysteric.] (Med.) A nervous affection, occurring almost exclusively in women, in which the emotional and reflex excitability is exaggerated, and the will power correspondingly diminished, so that the patient loses control over the emotions, becomes the victim of imaginary sensations, and often falls into paroxism or fits. The chief symptoms are convulsive, tossing movements of the limbs and head, uncontrollable crying and laughing, and a choking sensation as if a ball were lodged in the throat. The affection presents the most varied symptoms, often simulating those of the gravest diseases, but generally curable by mental treatment alone. { Hys•ter´ic, Hys•ter´ic•al } a. [L. hystericus, Gr., fr. "yste•ra the womb; perh. akin to latter, later, and E. utter, out.] Of or pertaining to hysteria; affected, or troubled, with hysterics; convulsive, fitful.
"With no hysteric weakness or feverish excitement, they preserved their peace and patience." Bancroft.

Hysteroepilepsy
Hys•ter•o•ep´i•lep•sy, n. [ Hysteria + epilepsy.] (Med.) A disease resembling hysteria in its nature, and characterized by the occurrence of epileptiform convulsions, which can often be controlled or excited by pressure on the ovaries, and upon other definite points in the body. — Hys•ter•o•ep•i•lep´tic (#), a.

Hysterogenic
Hys•ter•o•gen´ic, a. [ Hysteria + root of Gr. to be born.] (Physiol.) Producing hysteria; as the hysterogenicpressure points on the surface of the body, pressure upon which is said both to produce and arrest an attack of hysteria. De Watteville.

Hysterology
Hys•ter•ol´o•gy, n. [Gr. ; the latter + discourse: cf. F. hysterologie.] (Rhet.) A figure by which the ordinary course of thought is inverted in expression, and the last put first; — called also hysteron proteron.

Hysteron proteron
Hys"te•ron prot"e•ron [NL., fr. Gr. the latter, following + before, others, sooner.] (Rhet.) (a) A figure in which the natural order of sense is reversed; hysterology; as valet atque vivit, "he is well and lives." (b) An inversion of logical order, in which the conclusion is put before the premises, or the thing proved before the evidence.

Hysterophyte
Hys•ter´o•phyte, n. [Gr. following + plant.] (Bot.) A plant, like the fungus, which lives on dead or living organic matter. — Hys•ter•oph´y•tal (#), a.

Hysterotomy
Hys•ter•ot´o•my, n. [Gr. "yste•ra womb + to cut: cf. F. hysterotomie.] (Med.) The Caesarean section. See under Caesarean.

Hystrix
Hys´trix, n. [Gr. porcupine.] (Zoöl.) A genus of rodents, including the porcupine.

Hythe, n. A small haven. See Hithe. [Obs.]