Graal (gral), n. See Grail, a dish.

Grabber
Grab´ber, n. One who seizes or grabs.

Grabble
Grab´ble, v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Grabbled p. pr. & vb. n. Grabbling .] [Freq. of grab; cf. D. grabbelen.]
1. To grope; to feel with the hands.
"He puts his hands into his pockets, and keeps a grabbling and fumbling." Selden.
2. To lie prostrate on the belly; to sprawl on the ground; to grovel. Ainsworth.

Graceful
Grace´ful, a. Displaying grace or beauty in form or action; elegant; easy; agreeable in appearance; as a graceful walk, deportment, speaker, air, act, speech.
"High o’er the rest in arms the graceful Turnus rode." Dryden. — Grace´ful•ly, adv. Grace´ful•ness, n.

Graceless
Grace´less, a.
1. Wanting in grace or excellence; departed from, or deprived of, divine grace; hence, depraved; corrupt. "In a graceless age." Milton.
2. Unfortunate. Cf. Grace, n. , 4. [Obs.] Chaucer. — Grace´less•ly, adv. — Grace´less-ness, n. { Grac´ile, Grac´il•lent } a. [L. gracilis, gracilentus.] Slender; thin. [Obs.] Bailey.

Gracious
Gra´cious (gra"shus), a. [F. gracieux, L. gratiosus. See Grace.]
1. Abounding in grace or mercy; manifesting love, or bestowing mercy; characterized by grace; beneficent; merciful; disposed to show kindness or favor; condescending; as his most gracious majesty.
"A god ready to pardon, gracious and merciful." Neh. ix. 17.
"So hallowed and so gracious in the time." Shak.
2. Abounding in beauty, loveliness, or amiability; graceful; excellent.
"Since the birth of Cain, the first male child, … There was not such a gracious creature born." Shak.
3. Produced by divine grace; influenced or controlled by the divine influence; as gracious affections.
Syn. — Favorable; kind; benevolent; friendly; beneficent; benignant; merciful.

Graciousness
Gra´cious•ness, n. Quality of being gracious.

Grackle
Grac´kle, n. [Cf. L. graculus jackdaw.] (Zoöl.) (a) One of several American blackbirds, of the family Icteridae; as the rusty grackle ( Scolecophagus Carolinus); the boat-tailed grackle (see Boat-tail); the purple grackle ( Quiscalus quiscula, or Q. versicolor). See Crow blackbird, under Crow. (b) An Asiatic bird of the genus Gracula. See Myna.

Gradational
Gra•da´tion•al, a. By regular steps or gradations; of or pertaining to gradation.

Gradatory
Grad´a•to•ry, a. [See Grade.]
1. Proceeding step by step, or by gradations; gradual.
"Could we have seen [Macbeth’s] crimes darkening on their progress … could this gradatory apostasy have been shown us." A. Seward.
2. (Zoöl.) Suitable for walking; — said of the limbs of an animal when adapted for walking on land.

Gradatory
Grad´a•to•ry, n. [Cf. LL. gradatarium.] (Arch.) A series of steps from a cloister into a church.

Grade, n. [F. grade, L. gradus step, pace, grade, from gradi to step, go. Cf. Congress, Degree, Gradus.]
1. A step or degree in any series, rank, quality, order; relative position or standing; as grade. of military rank; crimes of every grade; grade. of flour.
"They also appointed and removed, at their own pleasure, teachers of every grade." Buckle.
2. In a railroad or highway: (a) The rate of ascent or descent; gradient; deviation from a level surface to an inclined plane; — usually stated as so many feet per mile, or as one foot rise or fall in so many of horizontal distance; as a heavy grade; a grade of twenty feet per mile, or of 1 in 264. (b) A graded ascending, descending, or level portion of a road; a gradient.
3. (Stock Breeding) The result of crossing a native stock with some better breed. If the crossbreed have more than three fourths of the better blood, it is called high grade. At grade, on the same level; — said of the crossing of a railroad with another railroad or a highway, when they are on the same level at the point of crossing. — Down grade, a descent, as on a graded railroad. — Up grade, an ascent, as on a graded railroad. — Equating for grades. See under Equate. — Grade crossing, a crossing at grade.

Grade, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Graded; p. pr. & vb. n. Grading.]
1. To arrange in order, steps, or degrees, according to size, quality, rank, etc.
2. To reduce to a level, or to an evenly progressive ascent, as the line of a canal or road.
3. (Stock Breeding) To cross with some better breed; to improve the blood of.

Gradient
Gra´di•ent, a. [L. gradiens, p. pr. of gradi to step, to go. See Grade.]
1. Moving by steps; walking; as gradient automata. Wilkins.
2. Rising or descending by regular degrees of inclination; as the gradient line of a railroad.
3. Adapted for walking, as the feet of certain birds.

Gradient
Gra´di•ent, n.
1. The rate of regular or graded ascent or descent in a road; grade.
2. A part of a road which slopes upward or downward; a portion of a way not level; a grade.
3. The rate of increase or decrease of a variable magnitude, or the curve which represents it; as a thermometric gradient. Gradient post, a post or stake indicating by its height or by marks on it the grade of a railroad, highway, or embankment, etc., at that spot. { Gra´din, Gra•dine´,} n. [F. gradin, dim. of grade. See Grade.] (Arch.) Any member like a step, as the raised back of an altar or the like; a set raised over another. "The gradines of the amphitheeater." Layard.

Grading
Grad´ing, n. The act or method of arranging in or by grade, or of bringing, as the surface of land or a road, to the desired level or grade.

Gradino
Gra•di´no, n. ; pl. Gradinos (#). [It.] (Arch.) A step or raised shelf, as above a sideboard or altar. Cf. Superaltar, and Gradin.

Gradually
Grad´u•al•ly, adv.
1. In a gradual manner.
2. In degree. [Obs.]
"Human reason doth not only gradually, but specifically, differ from the fantastic reason of brutes." Grew.

Gradualness
Grad´u•al•ness, n. The quality or state of being gradual; regular progression or gradation; slowness.
"The gradualness of this movement." M. Arnold.
"The gradualness of growth is a characteristic which strikes the simplest observer." H. Drummond.

Graduate
Grad´u•ate, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Graduated p. pr. & vb. n. Graduating .] [Cf. F. graduer. See Graduate, n. , Grade.]
1. To mark with degrees; to divide into regular steps, grades, or intervals, as the scale of a thermometer, a scheme of punishment or rewards, etc.
2. To admit or elevate to a certain grade or degree; esp., in a college or university, to admit, at the close of the course, to an honorable standing defined by a diploma; as he was graduated at Yale College.
3. To prepare gradually; to arrange, temper, or modify by degrees or to a certain degree; to determine the degrees of; as to graduate the heat of an oven.
"Dyers advance and graduate their colors with salts." Browne.
4. (Chem.) To bring to a certain degree of consistency, by evaporation, as a fluid. Graduating engine, a dividing engine. See Dividing engine, under Dividing.

Graduate
Grad´u•ate, v. i.
1. To pass by degrees; to change gradually; to shade off; as sandstone which graduates into gneiss; carnelian sometimes graduates into quartz.
2. (Zoöl.) To taper, as the tail of certain birds.
3. To take a degree in a college or university; to become a graduate; to receive a diploma.
"He graduated at Oxford." Latham.
"He was brought to their bar and asked where he had graduated." Macaulay.

Graduate
Grad´u•ate, n. [LL. graduatus, p. p. of graduare to admit to a degree, fr. L. gradus grade. See Grade, n. ]
1. One who has received an academical or professional degree; one who has completed the prescribed course of study in any school or institution of learning.
2. A graduated cup, tube, or flask; a measuring glass used by apothecaries and chemists. See under Graduated.

Graduate
Grad´u•ate, a. [See Graduate, n. & v.] Arranged by successive steps or degrees; graduated.
"Beginning with the genus, passing through all the graduate and subordinate stages." Tatham.

Graduateship
Grad´u•ate•ship, n. State of being a graduate. Milton.

Graduation
Grad´u•a´tion, n. [LL. graduatio promotion to a degree: cf. F. graduation division into degrees.]
1. The act of graduating, or the state of being graduated; as graduation of a scale; graduation at a college; graduation in color; graduation by evaporation; the graduation of a bird’s tail, etc.
2. The marks on an instrument or vessel to indicate degrees or quantity; a scale.
3. The exposure of a liquid in large surfaces to the air, so as to hasten its evaporation.

Graduator
Grad´u•a´tor, n.
1. One who determines or indicates graduation; as a graduator of instruments.
2. An instrument for dividing any line, right or curve, into small, regular intervals.
3. An apparatus for diffusing a solution, as brine or vinegar, over a large surface, for exposure to the air.

Gradus
Gra´dus, n. [From L. gradus ad Parnassum a step to Parnassus.] A dictionary of prosody, designed as an aid in writing Greek or Latin poetry.
"He set to work … without gradus or other help." T. Hughes.

Graf, n. [G. Cf. -grave.] A German title of nobility, equivalent to earl in English, or count in French. See Earl.

Graffer
Graf´fer, n. [See Greffier.] (Law.) a notary or scrivener. Bouvier.

Graffiti
Graf•fi´ti, n. pl. [It., pl. of graffito scratched] Inscriptions, figure drawings, etc., found on the walls of ancient sepulchers or ruins, as in the Catacombs, or at Pompeii.

Graffito
Graf•fi´to, n. [It., fr. graffio a scratching.] (Art) Production of decorative designs by scratching them through a surface of layer plaster, glazing, etc., revealing a different-colored ground; also pottery or ware so decorated; — chiefly used attributively.

Graft, n. [OE. graff, F. greffe, originally the same word as OF. grafe pencil, L. graphium, Gr.,, fr. to write; prob. akin to E. carve. So named from the resemblance of a scion or shoot to a pointed pencil. Cf. Graphic, Grammar.] (a) A small shoot or scion of a tree inserted in another tree, the stock of which is to support and nourish it. The two unite and become one tree, but the graft determines the kind of fruit. (b) A branch or portion of a tree growing from such a shoot. (c) (Surg.) A portion of living tissue used in the operation of autoplasty.

Graft, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Grafted; p. pr. & vb. n. Grafting.] [F. greffer. See Graft, n. ]
1. To insert (a graft) in a branch or stem of another tree; to propagate by insertion in another stock; also to insert a graft upon. [Formerly written graff.]
2. (Surg.) To implant a portion of (living flesh or akin) in a lesion so as to form an organic union.
3. To join (one thing) to another as if by grafting, so as to bring about a close union.
"And graft my love immortal on thy fame !" Pope.
4. (Naut.) To cover, as a ring bolt, block strap, splicing, etc., with a weaving of small cord or rope- yarns.

Graft, v. i. To insert scions from one tree, or kind of tree, etc., into another; to practice grafting.

Graft, n. [Prob. orig. so called because illegitimate or improper profit was looked upon as a graft, or sort of excrescence, on a legitimate business undertaking, in distinction from its natural proper development.]
1. Acquisition of money, position, etc., by dishonest or unjust means, as by actual theft or by taking advantage of a public office or any position of trust or employment to obtain fees, perquisites, profits on contracts, legislation, pay for work not done or service not performed, etc.; illegal or unfair practice for profit or personal advantage; also anything thus gained. [Colloq.]
2. A "soft thing" or "easy thing;" a "snap." [Slang]

Graftage
Graft´age, n. (Hort.) The science of grafting, including the various methods of practice and details of operation.

Grafter
Graft´er, n.
1. One who inserts scions on other stocks, or propagates fruit by ingrafting.
2. An instrument by which grafting is facilitated.
3. The original tree from which a scion has been taken for grafting upon another tree. Shak.

Grafting
Graft´ing n. 1. (Hort.) The act, art, or process of inserting grafts.
2. (Naut.) The act or method of weaving a cover for a ring, rope end, etc.
3. (Surg.) The transplanting of a portion of flesh or skin to a denuded surface; autoplasty.
4. (Carp.) A scarfing or endwise attachment of one timber to another. Cleft grafting (Hort.) a method of grafting in which the scion is placed in a cleft or slit in the stock or stump made by sawing off a branch, usually in such a manaer that its bark evenly joins that of the stock. — Crown, or Rind, grafting, a method of grafting which the alburnum and inner bark are separated, and between them is inserted the lower end of the scion cut slantwise. — Saddle grafting, a mode of grafting in which a deep cleft is made in the end of the scion by two sloping cuts, and the end of the stock is made wedge-shaped to fit the cleft in the scion, which is placed upon it saddlewise. — Side grafting, a mode of grafting in which the scion, cut quite across very obliquely, so as to give it the form of a slender wedge, is thrust down inside of the bark of the stock or stem into which it is inserted, the cut side of the scion being next the wood of the stock. — Skin grafting. (Surg.) See Autoplasty. — Splice grafting (Hort.), a method of grafting by cutting the ends of the scion and stock completely across and obliquely, in such a manner that the sections are of the same shape, then lapping the ends so that the one cut surface exactly fits the other, and securing them by tying or otherwise. — Whip grafting, tongue grafting, the same as splice grafting, except that a cleft or slit is made in the end of both scion and stock, in the direction of the grain and in the middle of the sloping surface, forming a kind of tongue, so that when put together, the tongue of each is inserted in the slit of the other. — Grafting scissors, a surgeon’s scissors, used in rhinoplastic operations, etc. — Grafting tool. (a) Any tool used in grafting. (b) A very strong curved spade used in digging canals. — Grafting wax, a composition of rosin, beeswax tallow, etc., used in binding up the wounds of newly grafted trees.

Grahamite
Gra´ham•ite, n. [See Graham bread.] One who follows the dietetic system of Graham. [U. S.]

Graille (gr&mac;l), n. [Cf. F. grêle a sort of file.] A halfround single-cut file or fioat, having one curved face and one straight face, — used by comb makers. Knight.

Grain, v. & n. See Groan. [Obs.]

Grain (gr&mac;n), n. [F. grain, L. granum, grain, seed, small kernel, small particle. See Corn, and cf. Garner, n. , Garnet, Gram the chick-pea, Granule, Kernel.]
1. A single small hard seed; a kernel, especially of those plants, like wheat, whose seeds are used for food.
2. The fruit of certain grasses which furnish the chief food of man, as corn, wheat, rye, oats, etc., or the plants themselves; — used collectively.
"Storehouses crammed with grain. " Shak.
3. Any small, hard particle, as of sand, sugar, salt, etc.; hence, any minute portion or particle; as a grain of gunpowder, of pollen, of starch, of sense, of wit, etc.
"I … with a grain of manhood well resolved." Milton.
4. The unit of the English system of weights; — so called because considered equal to the average of grains taken from the middle of the ears of wheat. 7,000 grains constitute the pound avoirdupois, and 5,760 grains the pound troy. A grain is equal to .0648 gram. See Gram.
5. A reddish dye made from the coccus insect, or kermes; hence, a red color of any tint or hue, as crimson, scarlet, etc.; sometimes used by the poets as equivalent to Tyrian purple.
"All in a robe of darkest grain. " Milton.
"Doing as the dyers do, who, having first dipped their silks in colors of less value, then give’ them the last tincture of crimson in grain. " Quoted by Coleridge, preface to Aids to Reflection.
6. The composite particles of any substance; that arrangement of the particles of any body which determines its comparative roughness or hardness; texture; as marble, sugar, sandstone, etc., of fine grain.
"Hard box, and linden of a softer grain." Dryden.
7. The direction, arrangement, or appearance of the fibers in wood, or of the strata in stone, slate, etc.
"Knots, by the conflux of meeting sap, Infect the sound pine and divert his grain Tortive and errant from his course of growth." Shak.
8. The fiber which forms the substance of wood or of any fibrous material.
9. The hair side of a piece of leather, or the marking on that side. Knight.
10. pl. The remains of grain, etc., after brewing or distillation; hence, any residuum. Also called draff.
11. (Bot.) A rounded prominence on the back of a sepal, as in the common dock. See Grained, a. , 4.
12. Temper; natural disposition; inclination. [Obs.]
"Brothers … not united in grain. " Hayward.
13. A sort of spice, the grain of paradise. [Obs.]
"He cheweth grain and licorice, To smellen sweet." Chaucer. Against the grain, against or across the direction of the fibers; hence, against one’s wishes or tastes; unwillingly; unpleasantly; reluctantly; with difficulty. Swift. Saintsbury. — A grain of allowance, a slight indulgence or latitude a small allowance. — Grain binder, an attachment to a harvester for binding the grain into sheaves. — Grain colors, dyes made from the coccus or kermes insect. — Grain leather. (a) Dressed horse hides. (b) Goat, seal, and other skins blacked on the grain side for women’s shoes, etc. — Grain moth (Zoöl.), one of several small moths, of the family Tineidae (as Tinea granella and Butalis cerealella), whose larvae devour grain in storehouses. — Grain side (Leather), the side of a skin or hide from which the hair has been removed; — opposed to flesh side. — Grains of paradise, the seeds of a species of amomum. — grain tin, crystalline tin ore metallic tin smelted with charcoal. — Grain weevil (Zoöl.), a small red weevil ( Sitophilus granarius), which destroys stored wheat and other grain, by eating out the interior. — Grain worm (Zoöl.), the larva of the grain moth. See grain moth, above. — In grain, of a fast color; deeply seated; fixed; innate; genuine. "Anguish in grain." Herbert. — To dye in grain, to dye of a fast color by means of the coccus or kermes grain [see Grain, n. , 5]; hence, to dye firmly; also to dye in the wool, or in the raw material. See under Dye.
"The red roses flush up in her cheeks … Likce crimson dyed in grain. " Spenser. — To go against the grain of (a person), to be repugnant to; to vex, irritate, mortify, or trouble.

Grain, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Grained (grand); p. pr. & vb. n. Graining.]
1. To paint in imitation of the grain of wood, marble, etc.
2. To form (powder, sugar, etc.) into grains.
3. To take the hair off (skins); to soften and raise the grain of (leather, etc.).

Grain, v. i. [F. grainer, grener. See Grain, n. ]
1. To yield fruit. [Obs.] Gower.
2. To form grains, or to assume a granular form, as the result of crystallization; to granulate.

Grain (gran), n. [See Groin a part of the body.]
1. A branch of a tree; a stalk or stem of a plant. [Obs.] G. Douglas.
2. A tine, prong, or fork. Specifically: (a) One the branches of a valley or of a river. (b) pl. An iron fish spear or harpoon, having four or more barbed points.
3. A blade of a sword, knife, etc.
4. (Founding) A thin piece of metal, used in a mold to steady a core.

Grainer
Grain´er (gran"er), n.
1. An infusion of pigeon’s dung used by tanners to neutralize the effects of lime and give flexibility to skins; — called also grain. and bate.
2. A knife for taking the hair off skins.
3. One who paints in imitation of the grain of wood, marble, etc.; also the brush or tool used in graining.

Grainfield
Grain´field (-feld•), n. A field where grain is grown.

Graining
Grain´ing, n.
1. Indentation; roughening; milling, as on edges of coins. Locke.
2. A process in dressing leather, by which the skin is softened and the grain raised.
3. Painting or staining, in imitation of the grain of wood, stone, etc.
4. (Soap Making) The process of separating soap from spent lye, as with salt.

Graining
Grain´ing, n. (Zoöl.) A small European fresh-water fish ( Leuciscus vulgaris); - - called also dobule, and dace.

Grains (granz), n. pl.
1. See 5th Grain, n. , 2 (b).
2. Pigeon’s dung used in tanning. See Grainer. n. , 1.

Graip (grap), n. [Perh. akin to grope, gripe.] A dungfork. [Scot.] Burns.

Graith (grath), v. t. [Obs.] See Greith. Chaucer.

Graith, n. Furniture; apparatus or accouterments for work, traveling, war, etc. [Scot.] Jamieson.

Grakle
Gra´kle (grak"’l), n. (Zoöl.) See Grackle.

Grallic
Gral´lic, a. (Zoöl.) Pertaining to the Grallae.

Gralline
Gral´line (lin), a. (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the Grallae.

Gralloch
Gral´loch, n. Offal of a deer. — v. t. To remove the offal from (a deer).

Gram, a. [AS. gram; akin to E. grim. rad.35.] Angry. [Obs.] Havelok, the Dane.

Gram, n. [Pg. gr?o grain. See Grain.] (Bot.) The East Indian name of the chick- pea ( Cicer arietinum) and its seeds; also other similar seeds there used for food.

Gram, Gramme, n. [F. gramme, from Gr. ? that which is written, a letter, a small weight, fr. ? to write. See Graphic.] The unit of weight in the metric system. It was intended to be exactly, and is very nearly, equivalent to the weight in a vacuum of one cubic centimeter of pure water at its maximum density. It is equal to 15.432 grains. See Grain, n. , 4. Gram degree, or Gramme degree (Physics), a unit of heat, being the amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of one gram of pure water one degree centigrade. — Gram equivalent (Electrolysis), that quantity of the metal which will replace one gram of hydrogen.

Gramarye
Gram´a•rye, n. [OE. gramer, grameri, gramori, grammar, magic, OF. gramaire, F. grammaire. See Grammar.] Necromancy; magic. Sir W. Scott.

Gramineal
Gra•min´e•al, a. Gramineous.

Gramineous
Gra•min´e•ous, a. [L. gramineus, fr. gramen, graminis, grass.] (Bot.) Like, Or pertaining to, grass. See Grass, n. , 2.

Graminivorous
Gram´i•niv´o•rous, a. [L. gramen, graminis, grass + vorare to eat greedily.] Feeding or subsisting on grass, and the like food; — said of horses, cattle, and other animals.

Grammalogue
Gram´ma•logue (gram"ma•log), n. [Gr. gra•mma letter + lo•gos word. Cf. Logogram.] (Phonography) Literally, a letter word; a word represented by a logogram; as it, represented by |, that is, t. Pitman.

Grammarian
Gram•ma´ri•an, n. [Cf. F. grammairien.]
1. One versed in grammar, or the construction of languages; a philologist. "The term was used by the classic ancients as a term of honorable distinction for all who were considered learned in any art or faculty whatever." Brande & C.
2. One who writes on, or teaches, grammar.

Grammarianism
Gram•ma´ri•an•ism, n. The principles, practices, or peculiarities of grammarians. [R.]

Grammarless
Gram´mar•less, a. Without grammar.

Grammates
Gram´mates, n. pl. [From Gr. letters, written rules.] Rudiments; first principles, as of grammar. [Obs.] Ford.

Grammatic
Gram•mat´ic, a. Grammatical.

Grammatical
Gram•mat´ic•al, a. [L. grammaticus, grammaticalis; Gr. skilled in grammar, knowing one’s letters, from a letter: cf. F. grammatical. See Grammar.]
1. Of or pertaining to grammar; of the nature of grammar; as a grammatical rule.
2. According to the rules of grammar; grammatically correct; as the sentence is not grammatical; the construction is not grammatical. —Gram•mat´ic•al•ly, adv. — Gram•mat´ic•al•ness, n.

Grammatication
Gram•mat´i•ca´tion, n. A principle of grammar; a grammatical rule. [Obs.] Dalgarno.

Grammaticism
Gram•mat´i•cism, n. A point or principle of grammar. Abp. Leighton.

Grammaticize
Gram•mat´i•cize, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Grammaticized p. pr. & vb. n. Grammaticizing ] To render grammatical. Fuller.

Gramme machine
Gramme" ma•chine" (Elec.) A kind of dynamo-electric machine; — so named from its French inventor, M. Gramme. Knight.

Gramophone
Gram´o•phone, n. [Gr. a thing drawn or written (fr. write) + -phone, as in telephone.] An instrument for recording, preserving, and reproducing sounds, the record being a tracing of a phonautograph etched in some solid material. Reproduction is accomplished by means of a system attached to an elastic diaphragm. {Gran"ger railroads, or Granger roads }. (Finance) Certain railroads whose traffic largely consists in carrying the produce of farmers or grangers; — specifically applied to the Chicago & Alton; Chicago, Burlington & Quincey; Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific; Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul; and Chicago & Northwestern, railroads. [U. S.].

Grampus
Gram´pus, n. ; pl. Grampuses (#). [Probably corrupted from It. gran pesce great fish, or Sp. gran pez, or Pg. gran peixe, all fr. L. grandis piscis. See Grand, and Fish. the animal.]
1. (Zoöl.) A toothed delphinoid cetacean, of the genus Grampus, esp. G. griseus of Europe and America, which is valued for its oil. It grows to be fifteen to twenty feet long; its color is gray with white streaks. Called also cowfish. The California grampus is G. Stearnsii.
2. A kind of tongs used in a bloomery. [U.S.] { Gra•nade´, Gra•na´do } n. See Grenade.

Granatite
Gran´a•tite, n. See Staurolite.

Grandchild
Grand´child´, n. A son’s or daughter’s child; a child in the second degree of descent.

Granddaughter
Grand´daugh´ter, n. The daughter of one’s son or daughter.

Grand-ducal
Grand´-du´cal, a. Of or pertaining to a grand duke. H. James.

Grandee
Gran•dee´, n. [Sp. grande. See Grand.] A man of elevated rank or station; a nobleman. In Spain, a nobleman of the first rank, who may be covered in the king’s presence.

Grandeur
Gran´deur, n. [F., fr. grand. See Grand.] The state or quality of being grand; vastness; greatness; splendor; magnificence; stateliness; sublimity; dignity; elevation of thought or expression; nobility of action.
"Nor doth this grandeur and majestic show Of luxury … allure mine eye." Milton.
Syn. — Sublimity; majesty; stateliness; augustness; loftiness. See Sublimity.

Grandevous
Gran•de´vous, a. [L. grandaevus; grandig grand+ aevum lifetime, age.] Of great age; aged; longlived. [R.] Bailey.

Grandfather
Grand´fa´ther, n. A father’s or mother’s father; an ancestor in the next degree above the father or mother in lineal ascent. Grandfather longlegs. (Zoöl.) See Daddy longlegs.

Grandific
Gran•dif´ic, a. [L. grandificus; grandis grand + facere to make.] Making great. [R.] Bailey.

Grandiloquence
Gran•dil´o•quence, n. The use of lofty words or phrases; bombast; — usually in a bad sense.
"The sin of grandiloquence or tall talking." Thackeray.

Grandiloquent
Gran•dil´o•quent, a. [L. grandis grand + logui to speak.] Speaking in a lofty style; pompous; bombastic.

Grandiloquous
Gran•dil´o•quous, a. [L. grandiloquus; grandis grand + loqui to apeak.] Grandiloquent.

Grandinous
Gran´di•nous, a. [L. grandinosus, fr. qrando, grandinis, hail.] Consisting of hail; abounding in hail. [R.] Bailey.

Grandiose
Gran´di•ose´, a. [F. grandiose, It. grandioso. See Grand.]
1. Impressive or elevating in effect; imposing; splendid; striking; — in a good sense.
"The tone of the parts was to be perpetually kept down in order not to impair the grandiose effect of the whole." M. Arnold.
"The grandiose red tulips which grow wild." C. Kingsley.
2. Characterized by affectation of grandeur or splendor; flaunting; turgid; bombastic; — in a bad sense; as a grandiose style.

Grandity
Grand´i•ty, n. [L. granditas: cf. OF. granite. See Grand.] Grandness. [Obs.] Camden.

Grandmother
Grand´moth´er, n. The mother of one’s father or mother.

Grandmotherly
Grand´moth´er•ly, a. Like a grandmother in age or manner; kind; indulgent.

Grandnephew
Grand´neph´ew, n. The grandson of one’s brother or sister.

Grandness
Grand´ness, n. Grandeur. Wollaston.

Grandniece
Grand´niece´, n. The granddaughter of one’s brother or sister. { Grand´pa´, Grand´pa•pa´ } n. A grandfather.

Grandsire
Grand´sire´, n. [OF. grantsire. See Grand, and Sire.] Specifically, a grandfather; more generally, any ancestor.

Granduncle
Grand´un´cle, n. [Cf. F. grand- oncle.] A father’s or mother’s uncle.

Grane, v. & n. See Groan. [Obs.]

Granger stocksshares. Stocks or shares of the granger railroads.

Grangerism
Gran´ger•ism, n. [So called from the Rev. James Granger, whose "Biographical History of England" (1769) was a favorite book for illustration in this manner.] The practice of illustrating a particular book by engravings collected from other books.

Grangerite
Gran´ger•ite, n. One who collects illustrations from various books for the decoration of one book.

Grangerize
Gran´ger•ize, v. t. & i. To collect (illustrations from books) for decoration of other books. G. A. Sala.

Graniferous
Gra•nif´er•ous, a. [L. qranifer; granum grain + ferre to bear: cf. F. granifère.] Bearing grain, or seeds like grain. Humble.

Graniform
Gran´i•form, a. [L. granum grain + -form; cf. F. graniforme.] Formed like of corn.

Granilla
Gra•nil´la, n. [Sp., small seed.] Small grains or dust of cochineal or the coccus insect.

Granite
Gran´ite, n. [It. granito granite, adj., grainy, p. p. of granire to make grainy, fr. L. granum grain; cf. F. granit. See Grain.] (Geol.) A crystalline, granular rock, consisting of quartz, feldspar, and mica, and usually of a whitish, grayish, or flesh-red color. It differs from gneiss in not having the mica in planes, and therefore in being destitute of a schistose structure. Varieties containing hornblende are common. See also the Note under Mica. Gneissoid granite, granite in which the mica has traces of a regular arrangement. — Graphic granite, granite consisting of quartz and feldspar without mica, and having the quartz crystals so arranged in the transverse section like oriental characters. — Porphyritic granite, granite containing feldspar in distinct crystals. — Hornblende granite, or Syenitic granite, granite containing hornblende as well as mica, or, according to some authorities hornblende replacing the mica. — Granite ware. (a) A kind of stoneware. (b) A Kind of ironware, coated with an enamel resembling granite.

Granitic
Gra•nit´ic, a. [Cf. F. granitique.]
1. Like granite in composition, color, etc.; having the nature of granite; as granitic texture.
2. Consisting of granite; as granitic mountains.

Granitical
Gra•nit´ic•al, a. Granitic.

Granitification
Gra•nit•i•fi•ca´tion, n. [ Granite + L. -ficare (in comp.) to make. See - fy.] The act or the process of forming into granite. Humble.

Granitoid
Gran´i•toid, a. [ Granite + -oid: cf. F. granitoïde.] Resembling granite in granular appearance; as granitoid gneiss; a granitoid pavement.

Granivorous
Gra•niv´o•rous, a. [L. granum grain + vorare to devour: cf. F. granivore.] Eating grain; feeding or subsisting on seeds; as granivorous birds. Gay.

Grannam
Gran´nam, n. A grandam. [Colloq.]

Granny
Gran´ny, n. A grandmother; a grandam; familiarly, an old woman. Granny’s bend, or Granny’s knot (Naut.), a kind of insecure knot or hitch; a reef knot crossed the wrong way.

Granolithic
Gran•o•lith´ic, n. [L. granum a grain (or E. granite) + -lith + -ic.] A kind of hard artificial stone, used for pavements.

Grant, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Granted; p. pr. & vb. n. Granting.] [OE. graunten, granten, OF. graanter, craanter, creanter, to promise, yield, LL. creantare to promise, assure, for (assumed LL.) credentare to make believe, fr. L. credens, p. pr. of credere to believe. See Creed, Credit.]
1. To give over; to make conveyance of; to give the possession or title of; to convey; — usually in answer to petition.
"Grant me the place of this threshing floor." 1 Chrcn. xxi. 22.
2. To bestow or confer, with or without compensation, particularly in answer to prayer or request; to give.
"Wherefore did God grant me my request." Milton.
3. To admit as true what is not yet satisfactorily proved; to yield belief to; to allow; to yield; to concede.
"Grant that the Fates have firmed by their decree." Dryden.
Syn.— To give; confer; bestow; convey; transfer; admit; allow; concede. See Give.

Grant, v. i. To assent; to consent. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Grant, n. [OE. grant, graunt, OF. graant, creant, promise, assurance. See Grant, v. t.]
1. The act of granting; a bestowing or conferring; concession; allowance; permission.
2. The yielding or admission of something in dispute.
3. The thing or property granted; a gift; a boon.
4. (Law) A transfer of property by deed or writing; especially, au appropriation or conveyance made by the government; as a grant of land or of money; also the deed or writing by which the transfer is made. Formerly, in English law, the term was specifically applied to transfrrs of incorporeal hereditaments, expectant estates, and letters patent from government and such is its present application in some of the United States. But now, in England the usual mode of transferring realty is by grant; and so, in some of the United States, the term grant is applied to conveyances of every kind of real property. Bouvier. Burrill.

Grantee
Gran•tee´, n. (Law) The person to whom a grant or conveyance is made.
"His grace will not survive the poor grantee he despises." Burke.

Granter
Grant´er, n. One who grants.

Grantor
Grant´or, n. (Law) The person by whom a grant or conveyance is made.

Granular
Gran´u•lar, a. [Cf. F. granulaire. See Granule.] Consisting of, or resembling, grains; as a granular substance. Granular limestone, crystalline limestone, or marble, having a granular structure.

Granulary
Gran´u•la•ry, a. Granular.

Granulate
Gran´u•late, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Granulated p. pr. & vb. n. Granulating ] [See Granule.]
1. To form into grains or small masses; as to granulate powder, sugar, or metal.
2. To raise in granules or small asperities; to make rough on the surface.

Granulate
Gran´u•late, v. i. To collect or be formed into grains; as cane juice granulates into sugar. { Gran´u•late, Gran´u•la•ted } a.
1. Consisting of, or resembling, grains; crystallized in grains; granular; as granulated sugar.
2. Having numerous small elevations, as shagreen. Granulated steel, a variety of steel made by a particular process beginning with the granulation of pig iron.

Granulation
Gran•u•la´tion, n. [Cf. F. granulation.]
1. The act or process of forming or crystallizing into grains; as the granulation of powder and sugar.
2. The state of being granulated.
3. (Med.) (a) One of the small, red, grainlike prominences which form on a raw surface (that of wounds or ulcers), and are the efficient agents in the process of healing. (b) The act or process of the formation of such prominences.

Granule
Gran´ule, n. [L. granulum, dim. of granum grain: cf. F. granule. See Grain a kernel.] A little grain a small particle; a pellet.

Granuliform
Gra•nu´li•form, a. [ Granule + -form.] (Min.) Having a granular structure; granular; as granuliform limestone.

Granulite
Gran´u•lite, n. [From Granule.] (Geol.) A whitish, granular rock, consisting of feldspar and quartz intimately mixed; — sometimes called whitestone, and leptynite.

Grape, n. [OF. grape, crape, bunch or cluster of grapes, F. grappe, akin to F. grappin grapnel, hook; fr. OHG. chrapfo hook, G. krapfen, akin to E. cramp. The sense seems to have come from the idea of clutching. Cf. Agraffe, Cramp, Grapnel, Grapple.]
1. (Bot.) A well-known edible berry growing in pendent clusters or bunches on the grapevine. The berries are smooth-skinned, have a juicy pulp, and are cultivated in great quantities for table use and for making wine and raisins.
2. (Bot.) The plant which bears this fruit; the grapevine.
3. (Man.) A mangy tumor on the leg of a horse.
4. (Mil.) Grapeshot. Grape borer. (Zoöl.) See Vine borer. — Grape curculio (Zoöl.), a minute black weevil ( Craponius inaequalis) which in the larval state eats the interior of grapes. — Grape flower, or Grape hyacinth (Bot.), a liliaceous plant ( Muscari racemosum) with small blue globular flowers in a dense raceme. — Grape fungus (Bot.), a fungus ( Oidium Tuckeri) on grapevines; vine mildew. — Grape hopper (Zoöl.), a small yellow and red hemipterous insect, often very injurious to the leaves of the grapevine. — Grape moth (Zoöl.), a small moth ( Eudemis botrana), which in the larval state eats the interior of grapes, and often binds them together with silk. — Grape of a cannon, the cascabel or knob at the breech. — Grape sugar. See Glucose. — Grape worm (Zoöl.), the larva of the grape moth. — Sour grapes, things which persons affect to despise because they can not possess them; — in allusion to AEsop’s fable of the fox and the grapes.

Grapeless
Grape´less, a. Wanting grapes or the flavor of grapes.

Grapery
Grap´er•y, n. A building or inclosure used for the cultivation of grapes.

Grapeshot
Grape´shot, n. (Mil.) A cluster, usually nine in number, of small iron balls, put together by means of cast-iron circular plates at top and bottom, with two rings, and a central connecting rod, in order to be used as a charge for a cannon. Formerly grapeshot were inclosed in canvas bags.

Grapestone
Grape´stone, n. A seed of the grape.

Grapevine
Grape´vine, n. (Bot.) A vine or climbing shrub, of the genus Vitis, having small green flowers and lobed leaves, and bearing the fruit called grapes. The common grapevine of the Old World is Vitis vinifera, and is a native of Central Asia. Another variety is that yielding small seedless grapes commonly called Zante currants. The northern Fox grape of the United States is the V. Labrusca, from which, by cultivation, has come the Isabella variety. The southern Fox grape, or Muscadine, is the V. vulpina. The Frost grape is V. cordifolia, which has very fragrant flowers, and ripens after the early frosts.

Graph, n. [See -graph.] (Math.)
1. A curve or surface, the locus of a point whose coördinates are the variables in the equation of the locus.
2. A diagram symbolizing a system of interrelations by spots, all distinguishable from one another and some connected by lines of the same kind.

Graphics
Graph´ics, n. The art or the science of drawing; esp. of drawing according to mathematical rules, as in perspective, projection, and the like.

Graphiscope
Graph´i•scope, n. See Graphoscope.

Grapholite
Graph´o•lite, n. [Gr. gra•fein to write + -lite: cf. F. grapholithe.] Any species of slate suitable to be written on.

Graphology
Gra•phol´o•gy (gra•fol"o•jy), n. [Gr. gra•fein to write + - logy: cf. F. graphologie.] The art of judging of a person’s character, disposition, and aptitude from his handwriting.

Graphology
Gra•phol´o•gy. (Math.) The system or notation used in dealing with graphs.

Graphophone
Graph´o•phone, n. [Gr. to write + -phone, as in telephone.] A kind of photograph.

Graphoscope
Graph´o•scope, n. [Gr. gra•fein to write + -scope.] An optical instrument for magnifying engravings, photographs, etc., usually having one large lens and two smaller ones.

Graphoscope
Graph´o•scope, n. [Gr. gra•fein to write + -scope.] An optical device for showing (or photographing) an image when projected upon the atmosphere as a screen.

Graphotype
Graph´o•type, n. [Gr. gra•fein to write + -type.] (Engraving) A process for producing a design upon a surface in relief so that it can be printed from. Prepared chalk or oxide of zinc is pressed upon a smooth plate by a hydraulic press, and the design is drawn upon this in a peculiar ink which hardens the surface wherever it is applied. The surface is then carefully rubbed or brushed, leaving the lines in relief.

Grapnel
Grap´nel, n. [OE. grapenel, dim. fr. F. grappin the grapple of a ship; of German origin. See Grape.] (Naut.) A small anchor, with four or five flukes or claws, used to hold boats or small vessels; hence, any instrument designed to grapple or hold; a grappling iron; a grab; — written also grapline, and crapnel.

Grapplement
Grapple•ment, n. A grappling; close fight or embrace. [Obs.] Spenser.

Grappling
Grap´pling, n.
1. A laying fast ho1d of; also that by which anything is seized and held, a grapnel.
2. A grapple; a struggle. A match for yards in fight, in grappling for the bear. Dryden. Grappling iron, a hooked iron used for grappling and holding fast a vessel or other object. — Grappling tongs, broad-mouthed tongs for gathering oysters.

Grapsoid
Grap´soid, a. [NL. Grapsus + - oid.] (Zoöl.) Pertaining to the genus Grapsus or the family Grapsidae. — n. A grapsoid crab.

Graptolitic
Grap´to•lit•ic, a. Of or pertaining to graptolites; containing graptolites; as a graptolitic slate.

Grapy
Grap´y, a. Composed of, or resembling, grapes.
"The grapy clusters." Addison.

Grasp, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Grasper p. pr. & vb. n. Qraspine.] [OE. graspen; prob. akin to LG. grupsen, or to E. grope. Cf. Grab, Grope.]
1. To seize and hold by clasping or embracing with the fingers or arms; to catch to take possession of.
"Thy hand is made to grasp a palmer’s staff." Shak.
2. To lay hold of with the mind; to become thoroughly acquainted or conversant with; to comprehend.

Grasp, v. i. To effect a grasp; to make the motion of grasping; to clutch; to struggle; to strive.
"As one that grasped And tugged for life and was by strength subdued." Shak. To grasp at, to catch at; to try to seize; as Alexander grasped at universal empire,

Grasp, n.
1. A gripe or seizure of the hand; a seizure by embrace, or infolding in the arms. "The grasps of love." Shak.
2. Reach of the arms; hence, the power of seizing and holding; as it was beyond his grasp.
3. Forcible possession; hold.
"The whole space that’s in the tyrant’s grasp." Shak.
4. Wide-reaching power of intellect to comprehend subjects and hold them under survey.
"The foremost minds of the next … era were not, in power of grasp, equal to their predecessors." Z. Taylor.
5. The handle of a sword or of an oar.

Graspable
Grasp´a•ble, a. Capable of being grasped.

Grasper
Grasp´er, n. One who grasps or seizes; one who catches or holds.

Grasping
Grasp´ing, a.
1. Seizing; embracing; catching.
2. Avaricious; greedy of gain; covetous; close; miserly; as he is a grasping man. — Grasp´ing•ly, adv. — Grasp´ing•ness, n.

Graspless
Grasp´less, a. Without a grasp; relaxed.
"From my graspless hand Drop friendship’s precious pearls." Coleridge.

Grass, n. [OE. gras, gres, gers, as graes, gaers; akin to OFries. gres, gers, OS., D., G., Icel., & Goth. gras, Dan. graes, Sw. gräs, and prob. to E. green, grow. Cf. Graze.]
1. Popularly: Herbage; the plants which constitute the food of cattle and other beasts; pasture.
2. (Bot.) An endogenous plant having simple leaves, a stem generally jointed and tubular, the husks or glumes in pairs, and the seed single. This definition includes wheat, rye, oats, barley, etc., and excludes clover and some other plants which are commonly called by the name of grass. The grasses form a numerous family of plants.
3. The season of fresh grass; spring. [Colloq.]
"Two years old next grass." Latham.
4. Metaphorically used for what is transitory.
"Surely the people is grass." Is. xl. 7. The following list includes most of the grasses of the United States of special interest, except cereals. Many of these terms will be found with definitions in the Vocabulary. See Illustrations in Appendix. Barnyard grass, for hay. South. Panicum Grus- galli. Bent, pasture and hay. Agrostis, several species. Bermuda grass, pasture. South. Cynodon Dactylon. Black bent. Same as Switch grass (below). Blue bent, hay. North and West. Andropogon provincialis. Blue grass, pasture. Poa compressa. Blue joint, hay. Northwest. Aqropyrum glaucum. Buffalo grass, grazing. Rocky Mts., etc. (a) Buchloë dectyloides. (b) Same as Grama grass (below). Bunch grass, grazing. Far West. Eriocoma, Festuca, Stips, etc. Chess, or Cheat, a weed. Bromus secalinus, etc. Couch grass. Same as Quick grass (below). Crab grass, (a) Hay, in South. A weed, in North. Panicum sanguinale. (b) Pasture and hay. South. Eleusine Indica. Darnel (a) Bearded, a noxious weed. Lolium temulentum. (b) Common. Same as Rye grass (below). Drop seed, fair for forage and hay. Muhlenbergia, several species. English grass. Same as Redtop (below). Fowl meadow grass. (a) Pasture and hay. Poa serotina. (b) Hay, on moist land. Gryceria nervata. Gama grass, cut fodder. South. Tripsacum dactyloides. Grama grass, grazing. West and Pacific slope. Bouteloua oligostachya, etc. Great bunch grass, pasture and hay. Far West. Festuca scabrella. Guinea grass, hay. South. Panicum jumentorum. Herd’s grass, in New England Timothy, in Pennsylvania and South Redtop. Indian grass. Same as Wood grass (below). Italian rye grass, forage and hay. Lolium Italicum. Johnson grass, grazing and hay. South and Southwest. Sorghum Halepense. Kentucky blue grass, pasture. Poa pratensis. Lyme grass, coarse hay. South. Elymus, several species. Manna grass, pasture and hay. Glyceria, several species. Meadow fescue, pasture and hay. Festuca elatior. Meadow foxtail, pasture, hay, lawn. North. Alopecurus pratensis. Meadow grass, pasture, hay, lawn. Poa, several species. Mesquite, or Muskit grass. Same as Grama grass (above). Nimble Will, a kind of drop seed. Muhlenbergia diffsa. Orchard grass, pasture and hay. Dactylis glomerata. Porcupine grass, troublesome to sheep. Northwest. Stipa spartea. Quaking grass, ornamental. Briza media and maxima. Quitch, or Quick, grass, etc., a weed. Agropyrum repens. Ray grass. Same as Rye grass (below). Redtop, pasture and hay. Agrostis vulgaris. Red-topped buffalo grass, forage. Northwest. Poa tenuifolia. Reed canary grass, of slight value. Phalaris arundinacea. Reed meadow grass, hay. North. Glyceria aquatica. Ribbon grass, a striped leaved form of Reed canary grass. Rye grass, pasture, hay. Lolium perenne, var. Seneca grass, fragrant basket work, etc. North. Hierochloa borealis. Sesame grass. Same as Gama grass (above). Sheep’s fescue, sheep pasture, native in Northern Europe and Asia. Festuca ovina. Small reed grass, meadow pasture and hay. North. Deyeuxia Canadensis. Spear grass, Same as Meadow grass (above). Squirrel-tail grass, troublesome to animals. Seacoast and Northwest. Hordeum jubatum. Switch grass, hay, cut young. Panicum virgatum. Timothy, cut young, the best of hay. North. Phleum pratense. Velvet grass, hay on poor soil. South. Holcus lanatus. Vernal grass, pasture, hay, lawn. Anthoxanthum odoratum. Wire grass, valuable in pastures. Poa compressa. Wood grass, Indian grass, hay. Chrysopogon nutans. Many plants are popularly called grasses which are not true grasses botanically considered, such as black grass, goose grass, star grass, etc. Black grass, a kind of small rush ( Juncus Gerardi), growing in salt marshes, used for making salt hay. — Grass of the Andes, an oat grass, the Arrhenatherum avenaceum of Europe.— Grass of Parnassus, a plant of the genus Parnassia growing in wet ground. The European species is P. palustris; in the United States there are several species. — Grass bass (Zoöl.), the calico bass. — Grass bird, the dunlin. — Grass cloth, a cloth woven from the tough fibers of the grass-cloth plant. — Grass-cloth plant, a perennial herb of the Nettle family ( Bœhmeria nivea or Urtica nivea), which grows in Sumatra, China, and Assam, whose inner bark has fine and strong fibers suited for textile purposes. — Grass finch. (Zoöl.) (a) A common American sparrow ( Poöcaetes gramineus); — called also vesper sparrow and bay-winged bunting. (b) Any Australian finch, of the genus Poëphila, of which several species are known. — Grass lamb, a lamb suckled by a dam running on pasture land and giving rich milk.— Grass land, land kept in grass and not tilled. — Grass moth (Zoöl.), one of many small moths of the genus Crambus, found in grass. — Grass oil, a fragrant essential volatile oil, obtained in India from grasses of the genus Andropogon, etc.; — used in perfumery under the name of citronella, ginger grass oil, lemon grass oil, essence of verbena etc. — Grass owl (Zoöl.), a South African owl ( Strix Capensis). — Grass parrakeet (Zoöl.), any of several species of Australian parrots, of the genus Euphemia; — also applied to the zebra parrakeet. — Grass plover (Zoöl.), the upland or field plover. — Grass poly (Bot.), a species of willowwort ( Lythrum Hyssopifolia). Johnson. — Crass quit (Zoöl.), one of several tropical American finches of the genus Euetheia. The males have most of the head and chest black and often marked with yellow. — Grass snake. (Zoöl.) (a) The common English, or ringed, snake ( Tropidonotus natrix). (b) The common green snake of the Northern United States. See Green snake, under Green. — Grass snipe (Zoöl.), the pectoral sandpiper ( Tringa maculata); — called also jacksnipe in America. — Grass spider (Zoöl.), a common spider ( Agelena naevia), which spins flat webs on grass, conspicuous when covered with dew. — Grass sponge (Zoöl.), an inferior kind of commercial sponge from Florida and the Bahamas. — Grass table. (Arch.) See Earth table, under Earth. — Grass vetch (Bot.), a vetch ( Lathyrus Nissolia), with narrow grasslike leaves. — Grass widow. [Cf. Prov. R. an unmarried mother, G. strohwittwe a mock widow, Sw. gräsenka a grass widow.] (a) An unmarried woman who is a mother. [Obs.] (b) A woman separated from her husband by abandonment or prolonged absence; a woman living apart from her husband. [Slang.] — Grass wrack (Bot.) eelgrass. — To bring to grass (Mining.), to raise, as ore, to the surface of the ground. — To put to grass, To put out to grass, to put out to graze a season, as cattle.

Grass, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Grassed p. pr. & vb. n. Grassing.]
1. To cover with grass or with turf.
2. To expose, as flax, on the grass for bleaching, etc.
3. To bring to the grass or ground; to land; as to grass a fish. [Colloq.]

Grass, v. i. To produce grass. [R.] Tusser.

Grass tree
Grass" tree" (Bot.) (a) An Australian plant of the genus Xanthorrhœa, having a thick trunk crowned with a dense tuft of pendulous, grasslike leaves, from the center of which arises a long stem, bearing at its summit a dense flower spike looking somewhat like a large cat-tail. These plants are often called "blackboys" from the large trunks denuded and blackened by fire. They yield two kinds of fragrant resin, called Botany-bay gum, and Gum Acaroides. (b) A similar Australian plant ( Kingia australis).

Grassation
Gras•sa´tion, n. [L. grassatio, from grassari to go about.] A wandering about with evil intentions; a rioting. [Obs. & R.] Feltham.

Grass-green
Grass´-green, a.
1. Green with grass.
2. Of the color of grass; clear and vivid green.

Grass-grown
Grass´-grown, a. Overgrown with grass; as a grass-grown road.

Grasshopper
Grass´hop•per, n.
1. (Zoöl.) Any jumping, orthopterous insect, of the families Acrididae and Locustidae. The species and genera are very numerous. The former family includes the Western grasshopper or locust ( Caloptenus spretus), noted for the great extent of its ravages in the region beyond the Mississippi. In the Eastern United States the red-legged ( Caloptenus femurrubrum and C. atlanis) are closely related species, but their ravages are less important. They are closely related to the migratory locusts of the Old World. See Locust. The meadow or green grasshoppers belong to the Locustidae. They have long antennae, large ovipositors, and stridulating organs at the base of the wings in the male. The European great green grasshopper ( Locusta viridissima) belongs to this family. The common American green species mostly belong to Xiphidium, Orchelimum, and Conocephalus.
2. In ordinary square or upright pianos of London make, the escapement lever or jack, so made that it can be taken out and replaced with the key; — called also the hopper. Grove. Grasshopper engine, a steam engine having a working beam with its fulcrum at one end, the steam cylinder at the other end, and the connecting rod at an intermediate point. — Grasshopper lobster (Zoöl.) a young lobster. [Local, U. S.] — Grasshopper warbler (Zoöl.), cricket bird.

Grassless
Grass´less, a. Destitute of grass.

Grassplot
Grass´plot, n. A plot or space covered with grass; a lawn. "Here on this grassplot." Shak.

Grassy
Grass´y a.
1. Covered with grass; abounding with grass; as a grassy lawn. Spenser.
2. Resembling grass; green.

Grate, a. [L. gratus agreeable, grateful: cf. It. & Sp. grato. See Grace, and cf. Agree.] Serving to gratify; agreeable. [Obs.] Sir T. Herbert.

Grate, n. [LL. grata, fr. L. crates hurdle; or It. grata, of the same origin. Sae Crate, Hurdle.]
1. A structure or frame containing parallel or crosed bars, with interstices; a kind of latticework, such as is used ia the windows of prisons and cloisters. "A secret grate of iron bars." Shak.
2. A frame or bed, or kind of basket, of iron bars, for holding fuel while burning. Grate surface (Steam, Boiler) the area of the surface of the grate upon which the fuel lies in the furnace.

Grate, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Grated; p. pr. &. vb. n. Grating.] To furnish with grates; to protect with a grating or crossbars; as to grate a window.

Grate, v. t. [OF grater to scrape, scratch, F. gratter, LL. gratare, cratare; of German origin; cf. OHG. chrazzon G. kratzen, D. krassen, Sw. Kratta, and perh. E. scratch. ]
1. To rub roughly or harshly, as one body against another, causing a harsh sound; as to grate the teeth; to produce (a harsh sound) by rubbing.
"On their hinges grate Harsh thunder." Milton.
2. To reduce to small particles by rubbing with anything rough or indented; as to grate a nutmeg.
3. To fret; to irritate; to offend.
"News, my good lord Rome … grates me." Shak.

Grate, v. i.
1. To make a harsh sound by friction.
"I had rather hear a brazen canstick turned, Or a dry wheel grate on the exletree." Shak.
2. To produce the effect of rubbing with a hard rough material; to cause wearing, tearing, or bruising. Hence; To produce exasperation, soreness, or grief; to offend by oppression or importunity.
"This grated harder upon the hearts of men." South. ! p. 647 this page badly done — in need of careful proofing !>

Grated
Grat´ed, a. [From 2d Grate.] Furnished with a grate or grating; as grated windows.

Graticulation
Gra•tic´u•la´tion, n. [F. graticulation, craticulation, fr. graticuler, craticuler, to square, fr. graticule, craticule, graticule, L. craticula, dim. of crates wickerwork. See 2d Grate.] The division of a design or draught into squares, in order the more easily to reproduce it in larger or smaller dimensions.

Gratified
Grat´i•fied, a. Pleased; indulged according to desire.
Syn. — Glad; pleased. See Glad.

Gratify
Grat´i•fy, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Gratified (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Gratifying (#).] [F. gratifier, L. gratificari; gratus pleasing + -ficare (in comp.) to make. See - fy.]
1. To please; to give pleasure to; to satisfy; to soothe; to indulge; as to gratify the taste, the appetite, the senses, the desires, the mind, etc.
"For who would die to gratify a foe?" Dryden.
2. To requite; to recompense. [Obs.]
"It remains … To gratify his noble service." Shak.
Syn. — To indulge; humor please; delight; requite; recompense. — To Gratify, Indulge, Humor. Gratify, is the generic term, and has reference simply to the pleasure communicated. To indulge a person implies that we concede something to his wishes or his weaknesses which he could not claim, and which had better, perhaps, be spared. To humor is to adapt ourselves to the varying moods, and, perhaps, caprices, of others. We gratify a child by showing him the sights of a large city; we indulge him in some extra expense on such an occasion; we humor him when he is tired and exacting.

Gratinate
Grat´i•nate, v. t. [F. gratiner, v.i., to form a crust.] (Cookery) To cook, as macaroni, in a savory juice or sauce until juice is absorbed and a crisp surface forms.

Grating
Grat´ing, n. [See 2d Grate.]
1. A partition, covering, or frame of parallel or cross bars; a latticework resembling a window grate; as the grating of a prison or convent.
2. (Optics) A system of close equidistant and parallel lines lines or bars, especially lines ruled on a polished surface, used for producing spectra by diffraction; — called also diffraction grating.
3. pl. (Naut.) The strong wooden lattice used to cover a hatch, admitting light and air; also a movable Lattice used for the flooring of boats. [1913 Webster]

Grating
Grat´ing, a. [See Grate to rub harshy.] That grates; making a harsh sound; harsh. — Grat´ing•ly, adv.

Grating
Grat´ing, n. A harsh sound caused by attrition.

Grating
Grat´ing, n. (Optics) A system of close equidistant parallel lines or bars, esp. lines ruled on a polished surface, used for producing spectra by diffraction. Gratings have been made with over 40,000 such lines to the inch, but those with a somewhat smaller number give the best definition. { Grease cockcup }. (Mach.) A cock or cup containing grease, to serve as a lubricator.

Gratiolin
Gra•ti´o•lin, n. (Chem.) One of the essential principles of the hedge hyssop ( Gratiola officinalis).

Gratis
Gra´tis, adv. [L., contr. fr. gratiis out of favor or kindness, without recompense, for nothing, fr. gratia favor. See Grace.] For nothing; without fee or recompense; freely; gratuitously.

Gratulate
Grat´u•late, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Grqatulated p. pr. & vb. n. Gratulating ] [L. gratulatus, p. p. of gratulari to congratulate, fr. gratus pleasing, agreeable. See Grate, a. ] To salute with declaration of joy; to congratulate. [R.] Shak.

Gratulate
Grat´u•late, a. Worthy of gratulation. [Obs.]
"There’s more behind that is more gratulate." Shak.

Gratulation
Grat´u•la´tion, n. [L. gratulatio.] The act of gratulating or felicitating; congratulation.
"I shall turn my wishes into gratulations. " South.

Gratulatory
Grat´u•la•to•ry, a. [L. gratulatorius.] Expressing gratulation or joy; congratulatory.
"The usual groundwork of such gratulatory odes." Bp. Horsley.

Graunt, v. & n. [Obs.] See Grant. Chaucer.

Gravamen
Gra•va´men, n. ; pl. L. Gravamina (#), E. Gravamens (#). [L., fr. gravare to load, burden, fr. gravis heavy, weighty. See Grave, a. ] (Law) The grievance complained of; the substantial cause of the action; also in general, the ground or essence of a complaint. Bouvier.

Gravedigger
Grave´dig•ger, n.
1. A digger of graves.
2. (Zoöl.) See Burying beetle, under Bury, v. t.

Graveling
Grav´el•ing, or Grav´el•ling, n.
1. The act of covering with gravel.
2. A layer or coating of gravel (on a path, etc.).

Graveling
Grav´el•ing, or Grav´el•ling, n. (Zoöl.) A salmon one or two years old, before it has gone to sea.

Gravelliness
Grav´el•li•ness, n. State of being gravelly.

Gravelly
Grav´el•ly, a. Abounding with gravel; consisting of gravel; as a gravelly soil.

Gravel-stone
Grav´el-stone´, n. A pebble, or small fragment of stone; a calculus.

Gravely
Grave´ly, adv. In a grave manner.

Graven
Grav´en, p. p. of Grave, v. t. Carved. Graven image, an idol; an object of worship carved from wood, stone, etc. "Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image." Ex. xx. 4.

Gravenstein
Gra´ven•stein´, n. [So called because it came from Gravenstein, a place in Schleswig. Downing.] A kind of fall apple, marked with streaks of deep red and orange, and of excellent flavor and quality.

Graveolence
Gra•ve´o•lence, n. [L. graveolentia: cf. F. graveolence. See Graveolent.] A strong and offensive smell; rancidity. [R.] Bailey.

Graver, n.
1. One who graves; an engraver or a sculptor; one whose occupation is te cut letters or figures in stone or other hard material.
2. An ergraving or cutting tool; a burin.

Gravery
Grav´er•y, n. The act, process, or art, of graving or carving; engraving.
"Either of picture or gravery and embossing." Holland.

Graves, n. pl. The sediment of melted tallow. Same as Greaves.

Graveyard
Grave´yard´, n. A yard or inclosure for the interment of the dead; a cemetery.

Gravic
Grav´ic, a. Pertaining to, or causing, gravitation; as gravic forces; gravic attraction. [R.]

Gravid
Grav´id, a. [L. gravidus, fr. gravis heavy, loaded. See Grave, a. ] Being with child; heavy with young; pregnant; fruitful; as a gravid uterus; gravid piety. " His gravid associate." Sir T. Herbert.

Gravidity
Gra•vid´i•ty, n. [L. graviditas. ] The state of being gravidated; pregnancy. [R.]

Gravigrade
Grav´i•grade, a. [L. gravis heavy + gradus step.] (Zoöl.) Slow-paced. — n. One of the pachyderms.

Gravimeter
Gra•vim´e•ter, n. [L. gravis heavy + -meter: cf. F. gravimètre.] (Physics) An instrument for ascertaining the specific gravity of bodies.

Gravimetric
Grav´i•met´ric, a. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to measurement by weight; measured by weight. — Grav´i•met´ric•al•ly (#), adv. Gravimetric analysis (Chem.), analysis in which the amounts of the constituents are determined by weight; — in distinction from volumetric analysis.

Graving
Grav´ing, n. [From Grave to clean.] The act of cleaning a ship’s bottom. Graving dock. (Naut.) See under Dock.

Graving
Grav´ing, n. [From Grave to dig.]
1. The act or art of carving figures in hard substances, esp. by incision or in intaglio.
2. That which is graved or carved. [R.]
"Skillful to … grave any manner of graving." 2 Chron. ii. 14.
3. Impression, as upon the mind or heart.
"New gravings upon their souls." Eikon Basilike

Gravitative
Gravi•ta•tive, a. Causing to gravitate; tending to a center. Coleridge.

Gravity
Grav´i•ty, n. ; pl. Gravities (#). [L. gravitas, fr. gravis heavy; cf. F. gravite. See Grave, a. , Grief.]
1. The state of having weight; beaviness; as the gravity of lead.
2. Sobriety of character or demeanor. "Men of gravity and learning." Shak. ! p. 648 needs proofing ##proof - especially italicized words (also in etymologies) are not properly marked !>
3. Importance, significance, dignity, etc; hence, seriousness; enormity; as the gravity of an offense.
"They derive an importance from … the gravity of the place where they were uttered." Burke.
4. (Physics) The tendency of a mass of matter toward a center of attraction; esp., the tendency of a body toward the center of the earth; terrestrial gravitation.
5. (Mus.) Lowness of tone; — opposed to acuteness. Center of gravity See under Center. — Gravity battery, See Battery, n. , 4. — Specific gravity, the ratio of the weight of a body to the weight of an equal volume of some other body taken as the standard or unit. This standard is usually water for solids and liquids, and air for gases. Thus, 19, the specific gravity of gold, expresses the fact that, bulk for bulk, gold is nineteen times as heavy as water.

Grayback
Gray´back, n. (Zoöl.) (a) The California gray whale. (b) The redbreasted sandpiper or knot. (c) The dowitcher. (d) The body louse.

Graybeard
Gray´beard, n. An old man. Shak.

Grayfly
Gray´fly, n. (Zoöl.) The trumpet fly. Milton.

Grayhound
Gray´hound (-hound•), n. (Zoöl.) See Greyhound.

Graylag
Gray´lag, n. (Zoöl.) The common wild gray goose ( Anser anser) of Europe, believed to be the wild form of the domestic goose. See Illust. of Goose.

Graystone
Gray´stone, n. (Geol.) A grayish or greenish compact rock, composed of feldspar and augite, and allied to basalt.

Graywacke
Gray´wacke, n. [G. grauwacke; grau gray + wacke wacke. See Gray, and Wacke, and cf. Grauwacke.] (Geol.) A conglomerate or grit rock, consisting of rounded pebbles and sand firmly united together. This term, derived from the grauwacke of German miners, was formerly applied in geology to different grits and slates of the Silurian series; but it is now seldom used.

Grazer
Graz´er, n. One that grazes; a creature which feeds on growing grass or herbage.
"The cackling goose, Close grazer, finds wherewith to ease her want." J. Philips.

Grazier
Gra´zier, n. One who pastures cattle, and rears them for market.
"The inhabitants be rather … graziers than plowmen." Stow.

Grazing
Graz´ing, n.
1. The act of one who, or that which, grazes.
2. A pasture; growing grass.

Grazioso
Gra´zi•o´so, adv. [It., adj. See Gracious.] ( Mus. ) Gracefully; smoothly; elegantly.

Greasily
Greas´i•ly, adv.
1. In a greasy manner.
2. In a gross or indelicate manner. [Obs.]
"You talk greasily; your lips grow foul." Shak.

Greasiness
Greas´i•ness, n. The quality or state of being greasy, oiliness; unctuousness; grossness.

Greasy
Greas´y, a. [ Compar. Greasier ; superl. Greasiest.]
1. Composed of, or characterized by, grease; oily; unctuous; as a greasy dish.
2. Smeared or defiled with grease.
"With greasy aprons, rules, and hammers." Shak.
3. Like grease or oil; smooth; seemingly unctuous to the touch, as is mineral soapstone.
4. Fat of body; bulky. [R.] Shak.
5. Gross; indelicate; indecent. [Obs.] Marston.
6. (Far.) Affected with the disease called grease; as the heels of a horse. See Grease, n. , 2.

Great White Way. Broadway, in New York City, in the neighborhood chiefly occupied by theaters, as from about 30th Street about 50th Street; — so called from its brilliant illumination at night.

Great-bellied
Great´-bel•lied, a. Having a great belly; bigbellied; pregnant; teeming. Shak.

Greatcoat
Great´coat´, n. An overcoat.

Greaten
Great´en, v. t. To make great; to aggrandize; to cause to increase in size; to expand. [R.]
"A minister’s [business] is to greaten and exalt [his king]." Ken.

Greaten
Great´en, v. i. To become large; to dilate. [R.]
"My blue eyes greatening in the looking- glass." Mrs. Browning.

Great-grandchild
Great´-grand´child, n. The child of one’s grandson or granddaughter.

Great-granddaughter
Great´-grand´daugh•ter, n. [See Great, 10.] A daughter of one’s grandson or granddaughter.

Great-grandson
Great´-grand´son, n. [See Great, 10.] A son of one’s grandson or granddaughter.

Great-heartedness
Great´-heart•ed•ness, n. The quality of being greathearted; high-mindedness; magnanimity.

Greatly
Great´ly, adv.
1. In a great degree; much.
"I will greatly multiply thy sorrow." Gen. iii. 16.
2. Nobly; illustriously; magnanimously.
"By a high fate thou greatly didst expire." Dryden.

Greatness
Great´ness, n. [AS. greátnes.]
1. The state, condition, or quality of being great; as greatness of size, greatness of mind, power, etc.
2. Pride; haughtiness. [Obs.]
"It is not of pride or greatness that he cometh not aboard your ships." Bacon.

Greave, n. A grove. [Obs.] Spenser.

Greave, n. [OF. grees; cf. Sp. grevas.] Armor for the leg below the knee; — usually in the plural.

Greave, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Greaved (grevd); p. pr. & vb. n. Greaving.] [From Greaves.] ( Naut. ) To clean (a ship’s bottom); to grave.

Grecian
Gre´cian´, a. [Cf. Greek.] Of or pertaining to Greece; Greek. Grecian bend, among women, an affected carriage of the body, the upper part being inclined forward. [Collog.] — Grecian fire. See Greek fire, under Greek.

Grecian
Gre´cian, n.
1. A native or naturalized inhabitant of Greece; a Greek.
2. A jew who spoke Greek; a Hellenist. Acts vi. 1. The Greek word rendered Grecian in the Authorized Version of the New Testament is translated Grecian Jew in the Revised Version.
6. One well versed in the Greek language, literature, or history. De Quincey.

Grecism
Gre´cism, n. [Cf. F. grecisme.] An idiom of the Greek language; a Hellenism. Addison. ! p. 649 most of page has no marks in etymology or in "as" sections (italics not marked) !>

Grecize
Gre´cize, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Grecized p. pr. & vb. n. Grecizing.] [Cf. F. greciser.]
1. To render Grecian; also to cause (a word or phrase in another language) to take a Greek form; as the name is Grecized. T. Warton.
2. To translate into Greek.

Grecize
Gre´cize, Gre´cian•ize, v. i. To conform to the Greek custom, especially in speech.

Greco-Roman
Gre´co-Ro´man, a. Having characteristics that are partly Greek and partly Roman; as Greco- Roman architecture.

Grecque (grek), n. [F.] An ornament supposed to be of Greek origin, esp. a fret or meander.

Gree, n. [F. gre. See Grateful, and cf. Agree.]
1. Good will; favor; pleasure; satisfaction; — used esp. in such phrases as: to take in gree; to accept in gree; that is, to take favorably. [Obs.] Chaucer.
"Accept in gree, my lord, the words I spoke." Fairfax.
2. Rank; degree; position. [Obs. or Scot.] Chaucer.
"He is a shepherd great in gree." Spenser.
3. The prize; the honor of the day; as to bear the gree, i. e., to carry off the prize. [Obs. or Scot.] Chaucer.

Gree, v. i. [From Agree.] To agree. [Obs.] Fuller.

Gree, n. ; pl. Grees (grez); obs. plurals Greece (gres) Grice (gris or gres), Grise, Grize (griz or grez), etc. [OF. gre, F. grade. See Grade.] A step.

Greediness
Greed´i•ness, n. [AS graedignes.] The quality of being greedy; vehement and selfish desire.
"Fox in stealth, wolf in greediness. " Shak.
Syn. — Ravenousness; voracity; eagerness; avidity.

Greedy
Greed´y (-y), a. [ Compar. Greedier (-i•er); superl. Greediest.] [OE. gredi, AS. graedig, gredig; akin to D. gretig, OS. gradag, OHG. gratag, Dan. graadig, OSw. gradig, grådig, Icel. graðugr, Goth. gredags greedy, greden to be hungry; cf. Skr. grdh to be greedy. Cf. Greed.]
1. Having a keen appetite for food or drink; ravenous; voracious; very hungry; — followed by of; as a lion that is greedy of his prey.
2. Having a keen desire for anything; vehemently desirous; eager to obtain; avaricious; as greedy of gain.

Greegree
Gree´gree•, Gri´gri, n. An African talisman or charm. A greegree man, an African magician or fetich priest.

Greek, a. [AS. grec, L. Graecus, Gr. ?: cf. F. grec. Cf. Grecian.] Of or pertaining to Greece or the Greeks; Grecian. Greek calends. See under Calends. — Greek Church ( Eccl. Hist.), the Eastern Church; that part of Christendom which separated from the Roman or Western Church in the ninth century. It comprises the great bulk of the Christian population of Russia (of which this is the established church), Greece, Moldavia, and Wallachia. The Greek Church is governed by patriarchs and is called also the Byzantine Church. — Greek cross. See Illust. (10) Of Cross. — Greek Empire. See Byzantine Empire. — Greek fire, a combustible composition which burns under water, the constituents of which are supposed to be asphalt, with niter and sulphur. Ure. — Greek rose, the flower campion.

Greek, n.
1. A native, or one of the people, of Greece; a Grecian; also the language of Greece.
2. A swindler; a knave; a cheat. [Slang]
"Without a confederate the … game of baccarat does not … offer many chances for the Greek. " Sat. Rev.
3. Something unintelligible; as it was all Greek to me. [Colloq.]

Greek calendar.
1. Any of various calendars used by the ancient Greek states. The Attic calendar divided the year into twelve months of 29 and 30 days, as follows: 1. Hecatombaeon (July-Aug.). 2. Metageitnion (Aug.-Sept.). 3. Boëdromion (Sept.-Oct.). 4. Pyanepsion (Oct.-Nov.). 5. Maemacterion (Nov.-Dec.). 6. Poseideon (Dec.-Jan.). 7. Gamelion (Jan.-Feb.). 8. Anthesterion (Feb.-Mar.). 9. Elaphebolion (Mar.-Apr.). 10. Munychion (Apr.-May). 11. Thargelion (May-June). 12. Scirophorion (June-July). A fixed relation to the seasons was maintained by introducing an intercalary month, "the second Poseideon," at first in an inexact way, afterward in years 3, 5, 8, 11, 13, 16, 19 of the Metonic cycle. Dates were reckoned in Olympiads.
2. The Julian calendar, used in the Greek Church.

Greek calendskalends. A time that will never come, as the Greeks had no calends.

Greekess
Greek´ess, n. A female Greek. [R.]

Greekish
Greek´ish, a. [Cf. AS. Grecisc.] Peculiar to Greece.

Greekling
Greek´ling, n. A little Greek, or one of small esteem or pretensions. B. Jonson.

Green, a. [ Compar. Greener ; superl. Greenest.] [OE. grene, AS. gr?ne; akin to D. groen, OS. gr?ni, OHG. gruoni, G. gr?n, Dan. & Sw. gr?n, Icel. gr?nn; fr. the root of E. grow. See Grow.]
1. Having the color of grass when fresh and growing; resembling that color of the solar spectrum which is between the yellow and the blue; verdant; emerald.
2. Having a sickly color; wan.
"To look so green and pale." Shak.
3. Full of life and vigor; fresh and vigorous; new; recent; as a green manhood; a green wound.
"As valid against such an old and beneficent government as against … the greenest usurpation." Burke.
4. Not ripe; immature; not fully grown or ripened; as green fruit, corn, vegetables, etc.
5. Not roasted; half raw. [R.]
"We say the meat is green when half roasted." L. Watts.
6. Immature in age or experience; young; raw; not trained; awkward; as green in years or judgment.
"I might be angry with the officious zeal which supposes that its green conceptions can instruct my gray hairs." Sir W. Scott.
7. Not seasoned; not dry; containing its natural juices; as green wood, timber, etc. Shak. Green brier (Bot.), a thorny climbing shrub ( Emilaz rotundifolia) having a yellowish green stem and thick leaves, with small clusters of flowers, common in the United States; — called also cat brier. — Green con (Zoöl.), the pollock. — Green crab (Zoöl.), an edible, shore crab ( Carcinus menas) of Europe and America; — in New England locally named joe-rocker. — Green crop, a crop used for food while in a growing or unripe state, as distingushed from a grain crop, root crop, etc. — Green diallage. (Min.) (a) Diallage, a variety of pyroxene. (b) Smaragdite. — Green dragon (Bot.), a North American herbaceous plant ( Arisaema Dracontium), resembling the Indian turnip; — called also dragon root. — Green earth (Min.), a variety of glauconite, found in cavities in amygdaloid and other eruptive rock, and used as a pigment by artists; — called also mountain green. — Green ebony. (a) A south American tree ( Jacaranda ovalifolia), having a greenish wood, used for rulers, turned and inlaid work, and in dyeing. (b) The West Indian green ebony. See Ebony. — Green fire ( Pyrotech. ), a composition which burns with a green flame. It consists of sulphur and potassium chlorate, with some salt of barium (usually the nitrate), to which the color of the flame is due. — Green fly (Zoöl.), any green species of plant lice or aphids, esp. those that infest greenhouse plants. — Green gage, (Bot.) See Greengage, in the Vocabulary. — Green gland (Zoöl.), one of a pair of large green glands in Crustacea, supposed to serve as kidneys. They have their outlets at the bases of the larger antennae. — Green hand, a novice. [Colloq.] — Green heart (Bot.), the wood of a lauraceous tree found in the West Indies and in South America, used for shipbuilding or turnery. The green heart of Jamaica and Guiana is the Nectandra Rodiœi, that of Martinique is the Colubrina ferruginosa. — Green iron ore ( Min. ) dufrenite. — Green laver (Bot.), an edible seaweed ( Ulva latissima); — called also green sloke. — Green lead ore ( Min. ), pyromorphite. — Green linnet (Zoöl.), the greenfinch. — Green looper (Zoöl.), the cankerworm. — Green marble ( Min. ), serpentine. — Green mineral, a carbonate of copper, used as a pigment. See Greengill. — Green monkey (Zoöl.) a West African long-tailed monkey ( Cercopithecus callitrichus), very commonly tamed, and trained to perform tricks. It was introduced into the West Indies early in the last century, and has become very abundant there. — Green salt of Magnus ( Old Chem. ), a dark green crystalline salt, consisting of ammonia united with certain chlorides of platinum. — Green sand ( Founding) molding sand used for a mold while slightly damp, and not dried before the cast is made. — Green sea ( Naut. ), a wave that breaks in a solid mass on a vessel’s deck. — Green sickness (Med.), chlorosis. — Green snake (Zoöl.), one of two harmless American snakes ( Cyclophis vernalis, and C. aestivus). They are bright green in color. — Green turtle (Zoöl.), an edible marine turtle. See Turtle. — Green vitriol. (a) (Chem.) Sulphate of iron; a light green crystalline substance, very extensively used in the preparation of inks, dyes, mordants, etc. (b) ( Min. ) Same as copperas, melanterite and sulphate of iron. — Green ware, articles of pottery molded and shaped, but not yet baked. — Green woodpecker (Zoöl.), a common European woodpecker ( Picus viridis); — called also yaffle.

Green (gren), n.
1. The color of growing plants; the color of the solar spectrum intermediate between the yellow and the blue.
2. A grassy plain or plat; a piece of ground covered with verdant herbage; as the village green.
"O’er the smooth enameled green." Milton.
3. Fresh leaves or branches of trees or other plants; wreaths; — usually in the plural.
"In that soft season when descending showers Call forth the greens, and wake the rising flowers." Pope.
4. pl. Leaves and stems of young plants, as spinach, beets, etc., which in their green state are boiled for food.
5. Any substance or pigment of a green color. Alkali green (Chem.), an alkali salt of a sulphonic acid derivative of a complex aniline dye, resembling emerald green; — called also Helvetia green. — Berlin green. (Chem.) See under Berlin. — Brilliant green (Chem.), a complex aniline dye, resembling emerald green in composition. — Brunswick green, an oxychloride of copper. — Chrome green. See under Chrome. — Emerald green. (Chem.) (a) A complex basic derivative of aniline produced as a metallic, green crystalline substance, and used for dyeing silk, wool, and mordanted vegetable fiber a brilliant green; — called also aldehyde green, acid green, malachite green, Victoria green, solid green, etc. It is usually found as a double chloride, with zinc chloride, or as an oxalate. (b) See Paris green (below). — Gaignet’s green (Chem.) a green pigment employed by the French artist, Adrian Gusgnet, and consisting essentially of a basic hydrate of chromium. — Methyl green (Chem.), an artificial rosaniline dyestuff, obtained as a green substance having a brilliant yellow luster; — called also light-green. — Mineral green. See under Mineral. - - Mountain green. See Green earth, under Green, a. — Paris green (Chem.), a poisonous green powder, consisting of a mixture of several double salts of the acetate and arsenite of copper. It has found very extensive use as a pigment for wall paper, artificial flowers, etc., but particularly as an exterminator of insects, as the potato bug; — called also Schweinfurth green, imperial green, Vienna green, emerald qreen, and mitis green. — Scheele’s green (Chem.), a green pigment, consisting essentially of a hydrous arsenite of copper; — called also Swedish green. It may enter into various pigments called parrot green, pickel green, Brunswick green, nereid green, or emerald green.

Green, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Greened (great): p. pr. & vb. n. Greening.] To make green.
"Great spring before Greened all the year." Thomson.

Green, v. i. To become or grow green. Tennyson.
"By greening slope and singing flood." Whittier.

Greenback
Green´back´, n. One of the legal tender notes of the United States; — first issued in 1862, and having the devices on the back printed with green ink, to prevent alterations and counterfeits.

Greenbacker
Green´back´er, n. One of those who supported greenback or paper money, and opposed the resumption of specie payments. [Colloq. U. S.]

Greenbone
Green´bone, n. [So named because the bones are green when boiled.] (Zoöl.) (a) Any garfish ( Belone or Tylosurus). (b) The European eelpout.

Green-broom
Green´-broom, n. (Bot.) A plant of the genus Genista ( G. tinctoria); dyer’s weed; — called also greenweed.

Greencloth
Green´cloth (-kloth•; 115), n. A board or court of justice formerly held in the counting house of the British sovereign’s household, composed of the lord steward and his officers, and having cognizance of matters of justice in the household, with power to correct offenders and keep the peace within the verge of the palace, which extends two hundred yards beyond the gates.

Greenery
Green´er•y, n. Green plants; verdure.
"A pretty little one-storied abode, so rural, so smothered in greenery." J. Ingelow.

Green-eyed
Green´-eyed, a.
1. Having green eyes.
2. Seeing everything through a medium which discolors or distorts. "Green-eyed jealousy." Shak.

Greenfinch
Green´finch, n. (Zoöl.)
1. A European finch ( Ligurinus chloris); — called also green bird, green linnet, green grosbeak, green olf, greeny, and peasweep.
2. The Texas sparrow ( Embernagra rufivirgata), in which the general color is olive green, with four rufous stripes on the head.

Greenfish
Green´fish, n. (Zoöl.) See Bluefish, and Pollock.

Greengrocer
Green´gro•cer, n. A retailer of vegetables or fruits in their fresh or green state.

Greenhead
Green´head, n. (Zoöl.) (a) The mallard. (b) The striped bass. See Bass. { Green´head, Green´hood } n. A state of greenness; verdancy. Chaucer.

Greenhouse
Green´house, n. A house in which tender plants are cultivated and sheltered from the weather.

Greening
Green´ing, n. A greenish apple, of several varieties, among which the Rhode Island greening is the best known for its fine-grained acid flesh and its excellent keeping quality.

Greenish
Green´ish, a. Somewhat green; having a tinge of green; as a greenish yellow. — Green´ish•ness, n.

Greenlander
Green´land•er, n. A native of Greenland.

Green-leek
Green´-leek, n. (Zoöl.) An Australian parrakeet ( Polytelis Barrabandi); — called also the scarlet-breasted parrot.

Greenlet
Green´let, n.
1. (Zoöl.) One of numerous species of small American singing birds, of the genus Vireo, as the solitary, or blue- headed ( Vireo solitarius); the brotherly-love ( V. Philadelphicus); the warbling greenlet ( V. gilvus); the yellow-throated greenlet ( V. flavifrons) and others. See Vireo.
2. (Zoöl,) Any species of Cyclorhis, a genus of tropical American birds allied to the tits.

Greenness
Green´ness, n. [AS. grennes. See Green.]
1. The quality of being green; viridity; verdancy; as the greenness of grass, or of a meadow.
2. Freshness; vigor; newness.
3. Immaturity; unripeness; as the greenness of fruit; inexperience; as the greenness of youth.

Greenroom
Green´room (gren"room•), n. The retiring room of actors and actresses in a theater.

Greensand
Green´sand (-snd•), n. (Geol.) A variety of sandstone, usually imperfectly consolidated, consisting largely of glauconite, a silicate of iron and potash of a green color, mixed with sand and a trace of phosphate of lime. Greensand is often called marl, because it is a useful fertilizer. The greensand beds of the American Cretaceous belong mostly to the Upper Cretaceous.

Greenshank
Green´shank, n. (Zoöl.) A European sandpiper or snipe ( Totanus canescens); — called also greater plover.

Green-stall
Green´-stall, n. A stall at which greens and fresh vegetables are exposed for sale.

Greenstone
Green´stone (gren"ston•), n. [So called from a tinge of green in the color.] (Geol.) A name formerly applied rather loosely to certain dark-colored igneous rocks, including diorite, diabase, etc.

Greensward
Green´sward (-sward’) n. Turf green with grass.

Greenth (grenth), n. [Cf. Growth.] The state or quality of being green; verdure. [R.]
"The greenth of summer." G. Eliot.

Greenweed
Green´weed, n. (Bot.) See Greenbroom.

Greet, a. Great. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Greet, v. i. [OE. greten, AS. graetan, gretan; akin to Icel. grata, Sw. gråta, Dan. graede, Goth. grectan; cf. Skr. hrad to sound, roar. rad.50.] To weep; to cry; to lament. [Obs. or Scot.] [Written also greit.] Spenser.

Greet, n. Mourning. [Obs.] Spenser.

Greet, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Greeted; p. pr. & vb. n. Greeting.] [OE. greten, AS. gretan to address, approach; akin to OS. grotian, LG. gröten, D. groeten, OHG. gruozzen, G. grüssen. rad.50.]
1. To address with salutations or expressions of kind wishes; to salute; to hail; to welcome; to accost with friendship; to pay respects or compliments to, either personally or through the intervention of another, or by writing or token.
"My lord, the mayor of London comes to greet you." Shak.
2. To come upon, or meet, as with something that makes the heart glad.
"In vain the spring my senses greets." Addison.
3. To accost; to address. Pope. ! p. 650 Needs proof-reading … the etymologies and other italics are not marked !>

Greet, v. i. To meet and give salutations.
"There greet in silence, as the dead are wont, And sleep in peace." Shak.

Greet, n. Greeting. [Obs.] F. Beaumont.

Greeter
Greet´er, n. One who greets or salutes another.

Greeter
Greet´er, n. One who weeps or mourns. [Obs.]

Greeting
Greet´ing, n. Expression of kindness or joy; salutation at meeting; a compliment from one absent.
"Write to him … gentle adieus and greetings. " Shak.
Syn. — Salutation; salute; compliment.

Greeve, n. See Grieve, an overseer.

Gregarian
Gre•ga´ri•an, a. Gregarious; belonging to the herd or common sort; common. [Obs.] "The gregarian soldiers." Howell.

Gregarinae
Greg•a•ri´nae, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gregarina the typical genus, fr. L. gregarius. See Gregarious.] (Zoöl.) An order of Protozoa, allied to the Rhizopoda, and parasitic in other animals, as in the earthworm, lobster, etc. When adult, they have a small, wormlike body inclosing a nucleus, but without external organs; in one of the young stages, they are amœbiform; — called also Gregarinida, and Gregarinaria.

Gregarinida
Greg•a•rin´i•da Gregarinae.

Gregarious
Gre•ga´ri•ous, a. [L. gregarius, fr. grex, gregis, herd; cf. Gr. to assemble, Skr. jar to approach. Cf. Congregate, Egregious.] Habitually living or moving in flocks or herds; tending to flock or herd together; not habitually solitary or living alone. Burke.
"No birds of prey are gregarious." Ray. — Gre•ga´ri•ous•ly, adv. — Gre•ga´ri•ous•ness, n.

Gregorian
Gre•go´ri•an, a. [NL. Gregorianus, fr. Gregorius Gregory, Gr. : cf. F. gregorien.] Pertaining to, or originated by, some person named Gregory, especially one of the popes of that name. Gregorian calendar, the calendar as reformed by Pope Gregory XIII. in 1582, including the method of adjusting the leap years so as to harmonize the civil year with the solar, and also the regulation of the time of Easter and the movable feasts by means of epochs. See Gregorian year (below). — Gregorian chant (Mus.), plain song, or canto fermo, a kind of unisonous music, according to the eight celebrated church modes, as arranged and prescribed by Pope Gregory I. (called "the Great") in the 6th century. — Gregorian modes, the musical scales ordained by Pope Gregory the Great, and named after the ancient Greek scales, as Dorian, Lydian, etc. — Gregorian telescope (Opt.), a form of reflecting telescope, named from Prof. James Gregory, of Edinburgh, who perfected it in 1663. A small concave mirror in the axis of this telescope, having its focus coincident with that of the large reflector, transmits the light received from the latter back through a hole in its center to the eyepiece placed behind it. — Gregorian year, the year as now reckoned according to the Gregorian calendar. Thus, every year, of the current reckoning, which is divisible by 4, except those divisible by 100 and not by 400, has 366 days; all other years have 365 days. See Bissextile, and Note under Style, n. , 7.

Greisen
Grei´sen, n. (Min.) A crystalline rock consisting of quarts and mica, common in the tin regions of Cornwall and Saxony.

Greit, v. i. See Greet, to weep.

Grenade
Gre•nade´, n. [F. grenade a pomegranate, a grenade, or Sp. granada; orig., filled with seeds. So called from the resemblance of its shape to a pomegranate. See Carnet, Grain a kernel, and cf. Pomegranate.] (Min.) A hollow ball or shell of iron filled with powder of other explosive, ignited by means of a fuse, and thrown from the hand among enemies. Hand grenade. (a) A small grenade of iron or glass, usually about two and a half inches in diameter, to be thrown from the hand into the head of a sap, trenches, covered way, or upon besiegers mounting a breach. (b) A portable fire extinguisher consisting of a glass bottle containing water and gas. It is thrown into the flames. Called also fire grenade. — Rampart grenades, grenades of various sizes, which, when used, are rolled over the pararapet in a trough.

Grenadine
Gren•a•dine´, n. [F.]
1. A thin gauzelike fabric of silk or wool, for women’s wear.
2. A trade name for a dyestuff, consisting essentially of impure fuchsine.

Grenado
Gre•na´do, n. Same as Grenade.

Gres, n. Grass. [Obs.] Chaucer. { Gres•so´ri•al, Gres•so´ri•ous } a. [L. gressus, p. p. of gradi to step, go.] (Zool.) Adapted for walking; anisodactylous; as the feet of certain birds and insects. See Illust. under Aves.

Gretto
Gret´to, obs. imp. of Greet, to salute.

Grew (gru), imp. of Grow.

Greylag
Grey´lag, n. (Zoöl.) See Graylag.

Gribble
Grib´ble, n. [Cf. Prov. E. grib to bite.] (Zoöl.) A small marine isopod crustacean ( Limnoria lignorum or L. terebrans), which burrows into and rapidly destroys submerged timber, such as the piles of wharves, both in Europe and America.

Grice, n. [OE. gris, grise; of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. gr?ss, Sw. gris, Dan. grus, also Gr., Skr. ghrshvi, boar. Cf. Grise, Griskin.] A little pig. [Written also grise.] [Scot.]

Grice, n. See Gree, a step. [Obs.] B. Jonson.

Griddle
Grid´dle, n. [OE. gredil, gredl, gridel, of Celtic origin; cf. W. greidell, Ir. greideal, greideil, griddle, gridiron, greadaim I burn, scorch. Cf. Gridiron.]
1. An iron plate or pan used for cooking cakes.
2. A sieve with a wire bottom, used by miners.

Gride (grid), v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Grided; p. pr. & vb. n. Griding.] [For gird, properly, to strike with a rod. See Yard a measure, and cf. Grid to strike, sneer.] To cut with a grating sound; to cut; to penetrate or pierce harshly; as the griding sword. Milton.
"That through his thigh the mortal steel did gride." Spenser.

Gride, n. A harsh scraping or cutting; a grating.
"The gride of hatchets fiercely thrown. On wigwam log, and tree, and stone." Whittier.

Gridelin
Grid´e•lin (grid"e•lin), n. [F. gris de lin gray of flax, flax gray.] A color mixed of white, and red, or a gray violet. [Written also gredaline, grizelin.] Dryden.

Gridiron
Grid´i•ron, n. [OE. gredire, gredirne, from the same source as E. griddle, but the ending was confused with E. iron. See Griddle.]
1. A grated iron utensil for broiling flesh and fish over coals.
2. (Naut.) An openwork frame on which vessels are placed for examination, cleaning, and repairs. Gridiron pendulum. See under Pendulum. — Gridiron valve (Steam Engine), a slide valve with several parallel perforations corresponding to openings in the seat on which the valve moves.

Griefless
Grief´less, a. Without grief. Huloet.

Griego
Grie´go, n. See Greggoe.

Grievance
Griev´ance, n. [OF. grevance. See Grieve, v. t.]
1. A cause of uneasiness and complaint; a wrong done and suffered; that which gives ground for remonstrance or resistance, as arising from injustice, tyranny, etc.; injury.
2. Grieving; grief; affliction.
"The … grievance of a mind unreasonably yoked." Milton.
Syn. — Burden; oppression; hardship; trouble.

Grieve (grev), Greeve, n. [AS. gerefa. Cf. Reeve an officer.] A manager of a farm, or overseer of any work a reeve a manorial bailiff. [Scot.]
" Their children were horsewhipped by the grieve." Sir W. Scott.

Grieve (grev), v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Grieved p. pr. & vb. n. Grieving.] [OE. greven, OF. grever, fr. L. gravare to burden, oppress, fr. gravis heavy. See Grief.]
1. To occasion grief to; to wound the sensibilities of; to make sorrowful; to cause to suffer; to afflict; to hurt; to try.
"Grieve not the Holy Spirit of God." Eph. iv. 30.
"The maidens grieved themselves at my concern." Cowper.
2. To sorrow over; as to grieve one’s fate. [R.]

Grieve, v. i. To feel grief; to be in pain of mind on account of an evil; to sorrow; to mourn; — often followed by a. , for, or over.
"Do not you grieve at this." Shak.

Griever
Griev´er, n. One who, or that which, grieves.

Grieving
Griev´ing, a. Sad; sorrowful; causing grief. — n. The act of causing grief; the state of being grieved. — Griev´ing•ly, adv. Shak.

Grievous
Griev´ous, a. [OF. grevous, grevos, LL. gravosus. See Grief.]
1. Causing grief or sorrow; painful; afflictive; hard to bear; offensive; harmful.
"The famine was grievous in the land." Gen. xii. 10.
"The thing was very grievous in Abraham’s sight." Gen. xxi. 11.
2. Characterized by great atrocity; heinous; aggravated; flagitious; as a grievous sin. Gen. xviii. 20.
3. Full of, or expressing, grief; showing great sorrow or affliction; as a grievous cry. — Griev´ous•ly, adv. — Griev´ous•ness, n.

Griffe, n. [F.] The offspring of a mulatto woman and a negro; also a mulatto. [Local, U. S.]

Griffe, n. A person of mixed negro and American Indian blood.

Griffin
Grif´fin, n. An Anglo-Indian name for a person just arrived from Europe. H. Kingsley. { Grif´fin, Grif´fon } n. [OE. griffin, griffon, griffoun, F. griffon, fr. L. gryphus, equiv to gryps, Gr. ; — so called because of the hooked beak, and akin to grypo•s curved, hook-nosed.]
1. (Myth.) A fabulous monster, half lion and half eagle. It is often represented in Grecian and Roman works of art.
2. (Her.) A representation of this creature as an heraldic charge.
3. (Zoöl.) A species of large vulture ( Gyps fulvus) found in the mountainous parts of Southern Europe, North Africa, and Asia Minor; — called also gripe, and grype. It is supposed to be the "eagle" of the Bible. The bearded griffin is the lammergeir. [Written also gryphon.]
4. An English early apple.

Griffon
Grif´fon (grif"fon), n. [F.] One of a European breed of rough-coated dogs, somewhat taller than the setter and of a grizzly liver color. They are used in hunt game birds. The Brussels griffon is a very small, wiry- coated, short-nosed pet dog of Belgian origin.

Grig (grig), n. [Cf. Sw. kräk little creature, reptile; or D. kriek cricket, E. cricket.]
1. (Zoöl.) (a) A cricket or grasshopper. [Prov. Eng.] (b) Any small eel. (c) The broad-nosed eel. See Glut. [Prov. Eng.]
2. Heath. [Prov. Eng.] Audrey. As merry as a grig [etymology uncertain], a saying supposed by some to be a corruption of "As merry as a Greek; " by others, to be an allusion to the cricket.

Grill, n. [F. gril. See Grill, v. t.]
1. A gridiron.
"[They] make grills of [wood] to broil their meat." Cotton.
2. That which is broiled on a gridiron, as meat, fish, etc.

Grill, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Grilled p. pr. & vb. n. Grilling.] [F. griller, fr. gril gridiron, OF. graïl, L. craticulum for craticula fine hurdlework, a small gridiron, dim. of crates hurdle. See Grate, n. ]
1. To broil on a grill or gridiron. [1913 Webster]
"Boiling of men in caldrons, grilling them on gridirons." Marvell.
2. To torment, as if by broiling. Dickens.

Grill, n.
1. A figure of crossed bars with interstices, such as those sometimes impressed upon postage stamps.
2. A grillroom.

Grill, v. t. To stamp or mark with a grill.

Grill, v. i. To undergo the process of being grilled, or broiled; to broil.
"He had grilled in the heat, sweated in the rains." Kipling.

Grillade
Gril•lade´, n. [F. See Grill, v. t.] The act of grilling; also that which is grilled.

Grille, a. [F. See Grill, v. t.] A lattice or grating.
"The grille which formed part of the gate." L. Oliphant.

Grilly
Gril´ly, v. t. [See Grill, v. t.] To broil; to grill; hence, To harass. [Obs.] Hudibras.

Grim, a. [ Compar. Grimmer (-mer); superl. Grimmest .] [AS. grim; akin to G. grimm, equiv. to G. & D. grimmig, Dan. grim, grum, Sw. grym, Icel. grimmr, G. gram grief, as adj., hostile; cf. Gr., a crushing sound, to neigh.] Of forbidding or fear-inspiring aspect; fierce; stern; surly; cruel; frightful; horrible.
"Whose grim aspect sets every joint a- shaking." Shak.
"The ridges of grim war." Milton.
Syn.— Fierce; ferocious; furious; horrid; horrible; frightful; ghastly; grisly; hideous; stern; sullen; sour.

Grimaced
Gri•maced´, a. Distorted; crabbed.

Grimalkin
Gri•mal´kin, n. [For graymalkin; gray + malkin.] An old cat, esp. a she-cat. J. Philips.

Grime, n. [Cf. Dan. grim, griim, lampblack, soot, grime, Icel. grima mask, sort of hood, OD. grijmsel, grimsel, soot, smut, and E. grimace.] Foul matter; dirt, rubbed in; sullying blackness, deeply ingrained.

Grime, v. t. To sully or soil deeply; to dirt. Shak.

Grimily
Grim´i•ly, adv. In a grimy manner.

Griminess
Grim´i•ness n. The state of being grimy.

Grimly
Grim´ly, a. Grim; hideous; stern. [R.]
"In glided Margaret’s grimly ghost, And stood at William’s feet." D. Mallet.

Grimly
Grim´ly, adv. In a grim manner; fiercely. Shak.

Grimme, n. [Cf. F. grimme.] (Zoöl.) A West African antelope ( Cephalophus rufilotus) of a deep bay color, with a broad dorsal stripe of black; — called also conquetoon.

Grimness
Grim´ness, n. [AS. grimnes.] Fierceness of look; sternness; crabbedness; forbiddingness.

Grimsir
Grim´sir, n. A stern man. [Obs.] Burton.

Grimy
Grim´y, a. [ Compar. Grimier superl. Grimiest.] Full of grime; begrimed; dirty; foul.

Grind, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Ground p. pr. & vb. n. Grinding.] [AS. grindan; perh. akin to L. frendere to gnash, grind. Cf. Grist.]
1. To reduce to powder by friction, as in a mill, or with the teeth; to crush into small fragments; to produce as by the action of millstones.
"Take the millstones, and grind meal." Is. xivii. 2.
2. To wear down, polish, or sharpen, by friction; to make smooth, sharp, or pointed; to whet, as a knife or drill; to rub against one another, as teeth, etc.
3. To oppress by severe exactions; to harass.
"To grind the subject or defraud the prince." Dryden.
4. To study hard for examination. [College Slang]

Grind, v. i.
1. To perform the operation of grinding something; to turn the millstones.
"Send thee Into the common prison, there to grind." Milton.
2. To become ground or pulverized by friction; as this corn grinds well.
3. To become polished or sharpened by friction; as glass grinds smooth; steel grinds to a sharp edge.
4. To move with much difficulty or friction; to grate.
5. To perform hard and distasteful service; to drudge; to study hard, as for an examination. Farrar.

Grind, n.
1. The act of reducing to powder, or of sharpening, by friction.
2. Any severe continuous work or occupation; esp., hard and uninteresting study. [Colloq.] T. Hughes.
3. A hard student; a dig. [College Slang]

Grinded
Grind´ed, obs. p. p. of Grind. Ground. Sir W. Scott.

Grinder
Grind´er, n.
1. One who, or that which, grinds.
2. One of the double teeth, used to grind or masticate the food; a molar.
3. (Zoöl.) The restless flycatcher ( Seisura inquieta) of Australia; — called also restless thrush and volatile thrush. It makes a noise like a scissors grinder, to which the name alludes. Grinder’s asthma, phthisis, or rot (Med.), a lung disease produced by the mechanical irritation of the particles of steel and stone given off in the operation of grinding.

Grindery
Grind´er•y, n. Leather workers’ materials. [Eng.] Grindery warehouse, a shop where leather workers’ materials and tools are kept on sale. [Eng.]

Grinding
Grind´ing, a. & n. from Grind. Grinding frame, an English name for a cotton spinning machine. — Grinding mill. (a) A mill for grinding grain. (b) A lapidary’s lathe.

Grindingly
Grind´ing•ly, adv. In a grinding manner. [Colloq.]

Grindle
Grin´dle, n. (Zoöl.) The bowfin; — called also Johnny Grindle. [Local, U. S.]

Grindle stone
Grin"dle stone" A grindstone. [Obs.]

Grindlet
Grind´let, n. A small drain.

Grindstone
Grind´stone, n. A flat, circular stone, revolving on an axle, for grinding or sharpening tools, or shaping or smoothing objects. Tohold, pat, or bringone’s nose to the grindstone, to oppress one; to keep one in a condition of servitude.
"They might be ashamed, for lack of courage, to suffer the Lacedaemonians to hold their noses to the grindstone." Sir T. North.

Gringo
Grin´go, n. [Amer. Sp., fr. Sp. gringo gibberish; cf. griego Greek, F. grigou wretch.] Among Spanish Americans, a foreigner, esp. an Englishman or American; — often used as a term of reproach.

Grinner
Grin´ner, n. One who grins. Addison.

Grinningly
Grin´ning•ly, adv. In a grinning manner.

Grint, 3d pers. sing. pres. of Grind, contr. from grindeth. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Grip, n. [L. gryps, gryphus. See Griffin, Grype.] (Zoöl.) The griffin. [Obs.]

Grip, n. [Cf. AS. grip furrow, hitch, D. greb.] A small ditch or furrow. Ray.