Caaba
Ca•a´ba (ka•a"ba), n. [Ar. ka’bah, lit., a square building, fr. ka’b cube.] The small and nearly cubical stone building, toward which all Mohammedans must pray. [Written also kaaba.] The Caaba is situated in Mecca, a city of Arabia, and contains a famous black stone said to have been brought from heaven. Before the time of Mohammed, the Caaba was an idolatrous temple, but it has since been the chief sanctuary and object of pilgrimage of the Mohammedan world.

Caas (käs), n. sing. & pl. Case. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Caatinga
Caa•tin´ga, n. [Tupi caa- tinga white forest.] (Phytogeography) A forest composed of stunted trees and thorny bushes, found in areas of small rainfall in Brazil.

Cab (kab), n. [Abbrev. fr. cabriolet.]
1. A kind of close carriage with two or four wheels, usually a public vehicle. "A cab came clattering up." Thackeray. A cab may have two seats at right angles to the driver’s seat, and a door behind; or one seat parallel to the driver’s, with the entrance from the side or front. Hansom cab. See Hansom.
2. The covered part of a locomotive, in which the engineer has his station. Knight.

Cab (kab), n. [Heb. qab, fr. qabab to hollow.] A Hebrew dry measure, containing a little over two (2.37) pints. W. H. Ward. 2 Kings vi. 25.

Cabal
Ca•bal´ (ka•bal"), n. [F. cabale cabal, cabala, LL. cabala cabala, fr. Heb. qabbaleh reception, tradition, mysterious doctrine, fr. qabal to take or receive, in Piël qibbel to adopt (a doctrine).]
1. Tradition; occult doctrine. See Cabala [Obs.] Hakewill.
2. A secret. [Obs.] "The measuring of the temple, a cabal found out but lately." B. Jonson.
3. A number of persons united in some close design, usually to promote their private views and interests in church or state by intrigue; a secret association composed of a few designing persons; a junto. It so happend, by a whimsical coincidence, that in 1671 the cabinet consisted of five persons, the initial letters of whose names made up the word cabal; Clifford, Arlington, Buckingham, Ashley, and Lauderdale. Macaulay.
4. The secret artifices or machinations of a few persons united in a close design; intrigue.
"By cursed cabals of women." - Dryden.
Syn. — Junto; intrigue; plot; combination; conspiracy. — Cabal, Combination, Faction. An association for some purpose considered to be bad is the idea common to these terms. A combination is an organized union of individuals for mutual support, in urging their demands or resisting the claims of others, and may be good or bad according to circumstances; as a combiniation of workmen or of employers to effect or to prevent a change in prices. A cabal is a secret association of a few individuals who seek by cunning practices to obtain office and power. A faction is a larger body than a cabal, employed for selfish purposes in agitating the community and working up an excitement with a view to change the existing order of things. "Selfishness, insubordination, and laxity of morals give rise to combinations, which belong particularly to the lower orders of society. Restless, jealous, ambitious, and little minds are ever forming cabals. Factions belong especially to free governments, and are raised by busy and turbulent spirits for selfish purposes". Crabb.

Cabal
Ca•bal´, v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Caballed (-bald"); p. pr. & vb. n. Caballing]. [Cf. F. cabaler.] To unite in a small party to promote private views and interests by intrigue; to intrigue; to plot.
"Caballing still against it with the great." - Dryden.

Cabalist
Cab´a•list (-list), n. [Cf. F. cabaliste.] One versed in the cabala, or the mysteries of Jewish traditions. "Studious cabalists." Swift. { Cab•a•lis´tic (kab•a•lis"tik), Cab•a•lis´tic•al (-ti•k al) } a. Of or pertaining to the cabala; containing or conveying an occult meaning; mystic.
"The Heptarchus is a cabalistic exposition of the first chapter of Genesis". Hallam.

Cabalistically
Cab•a•lis´tic•al•ly, adv. In a cabalistic manner.

Cabalize
Cab´a•lize, v. i. [Cf. F. cabaliser.] To use cabalistic language. [R] Dr. H. More.

Caballer
Ca•bal´ler (ka•bal"ler), n. One who cabals.
"A close caballer and tongue-valiant lord." - Dryden.

Caballeria
Ca•bal•le•ri´a, n. [Sp. See Caballero.] An ancient Spanish land tenure similar to the English knight’s fee; hence, in Spain and countries settled by the Spanish, a land measure of varying size. In Cuba it is about 33 acres; in Porto Rico, about 194 acres; in the Southwestern United States, about 108 acres.

Cabas
Ca•bas´ (ka•bä"), n. [F.] A flat basket or frail for figs, etc.; hence, a lady’s flat workbasket, reticule, or hand bag; — often written caba. C. Bronte.

Cabassou
Ca•bas´sou (ka•bas"soo), n. (Zoöl.) A species of armadillo of the genus Xenurus ( X. unicinctus and X. hispidus); the tatouay. [Written also kabassou.]

Cabbage
Cab´bage (kab"baj), n. [OE. cabage, fr. F. cabus headed (of cabbages), chou cabus headed cabbage, cabbage head; cf. It. capuccio a little head, cappuccio cowl, hood, cabbage, fr. capo head, L. caput, or fr. It. cappa cape. See Chief, Cape.] (Bot.)
1. An esculent vegetable of many varieties, derived from the wild Brassica oleracea of Europe. The common cabbage has a compact head of leaves. The cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, etc., are sometimes classed as cabbages.
2. The terminal bud of certain palm trees, used, like, cabbage, for food. See Cabbage tree, below.
3. The cabbage palmetto. See below. Cabbage aphis (Zoöl.), a green plant-louse ( Aphis brassicae) which lives upon the leaves of the cabbage. — Cabbage beetle (Zoöl.), a small, striped flea- beetle ( Phyllotreta vittata) which lives, in the larval state, on the roots, and when adult, on the leaves, of cabbage and other cruciferous plants. — Cabbage butterfly (Zoöl.), a white butterfly ( Pieris rapae of both Europe and America, and the allied P. oleracea, a native American species) which, in the larval state, devours the leaves of the cabbage and the turnip. See Cabbage worm, below. — Cabbage fly (Zoöl.), a small two-winged fly ( Anthomyia brassicae), which feeds, in the larval or maggot state, on the roots of the cabbage, often doing much damage to the crop. — Cabbage head, the compact head formed by the leaves of a cabbage; — contemptuously or humorously, and colloquially, a very stupid and silly person; a numskull. — Cabbage palmetto, a species of palm tree ( Sabal Palmetto) found along the coast from North Carolina to Florida. — Cabbage rose (Bot.), a species of rose ( Rosa centifolia) having large and heavy blossoms. — Cabbage tree, Cabbage palm, a name given to palms having a terminal bud called a cabbage, as the Sabal Palmetto of the United States, and the Euterpe oleracea and Oreodoxa oleracea of the West Indies. — Cabbage worm (Zoöl.), the larva of several species of moths and butterflies, which attacks cabbages. The most common is usually the larva of a white butterfly. See Cabbage butterfly, above. The cabbage cutworms, which eat off the stalks of young plants during the night, are the larvae of several species of moths, of the genus Agrotis. See Cutworm. — Sea cabbage. (Bot.) (a) Sea kale (b). The original Plant ( Brassica oleracea), from which the cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, etc., have been derived by cultivation. — Thousand-headed cabbage. See Brussels sprouts.

Cabbage
Cab´bage, v. i. To form a head like that the cabbage; as to make lettuce cabbage. Johnson.

Cabbage
Cab´bage, v. i. [ imp. & p. p Cabbaged (-bajd); p. pr. & vb. n. Cabbaging (-ba•jing).] [F. cabasser, fr. OF. cabas theft; cf. F. cabas basket, and OF. cabuser to cheat.] To purloin or embezzle, as the pieces of cloth remaining after cutting out a garment; to pilfer.
"Your tailor … cabbages whole yards of cloth." - Arbuthnot.

Cabbage
Cab´bage, n. Cloth or clippings cabbaged or purloined by one who cuts out garments.

Cabbler
Cab´bler (kab"bler), n. One who works at cabbling.

Cabbling
Cab´bling (-bling), n. (Metal.) The process of breaking up the flat masses into which wrought iron is first hammered, in order that the pieces may be reheated and wrought into bar iron. { Ca•be"ça (ka•ba"sa), Ca•besse´ (ka•bes"), } n. [Pg. cabeça, F. cabesse.] The finest kind of silk received from India.

Caber
Ca´ber (ka"ber), n. [Gael] A pole or beam used in Scottish games for tossing as a trial of strength.

Caber
Ca´ber, n. [Gael. cabar.] A pole or beam, esp. one used in Gaelic games for tossing as a trial of strength.

Cabezon
Cab•e•zon´ (kab•a•zon" or kä•ba•thon"), n. [Sp., properly, big head. Cf. Cavesson.] (Zoöl.) A California fish ( Hemilepidotus spinosus), allied to the sculpin.

Cabinet
Cab´i•net (kab"i•net), n. [F., dim. of cabine or cabane. See Cabin, n. ]
1. A hut; a cottage; a small house. [Obs.]
"Hearken a while from thy green cabinet, The rural song of careful Colinet." - Spenser.
2. A small room, or retired apartment; a closet.
3. A private room in which consultations are held.
"Philip passed some hours every day in his father’s cabinet." - Prescott.
4. The advisory council of the chief executive officer of a nation; a cabinet council. In England, the cabinet or cabinet council consists of those privy councilors who actually transact the immediate business of the government. Mozley & W. — In the United States, the cabinet is composed of the heads of the executive departments of the government, namely, the Secretary of State, of the Treasury, of War, of the Navy, of the Interior, and of Agiculture, the Postmaster-general, and the Attorney-general.
5. (a) A set of drawers or a cupboard intended to contain articles of value. Hence: (b) A decorative piece of furniture, whether open like an etagère or closed with doors. See etagère.
6. Any building or room set apart for the safe keeping and exhibition of works of art, etc.; also the collection itself. Cabinet council. (a) Same as Cabinet, n. , 4 (of which body it was formerly the full title). (b) A meeting of the cabinet. — Cabinet councilor, a member of a cabinet council. — Cabinet photograph, a photograph of a size smaller than an imperial, though larger than a carte de visite. — Cabinet picture, a small and generally highly finished picture, suitable for a small room and for close inspection.

Cabinet
Cab´i•net, a. Suitable for a cabinet; small.
"He [Varnhagen von Ense] is a walking cabinet edition of Goethe." - For. Quar. Rev.

Cabinet
Cab´i•net, v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Cabineted; p. pr. & vb. n. Cabineting.] To inclose [R.] Hewyt.

Cabinetmaking
Cab´i•net•mak•ing, n. The art or occupation of making the finer articles of household furniture.

Cabinetwork
Cab´i•net•work (-wûrk•), n. The art or occupation of working upon wooden furniture requiring nice workmanship; also such furniture.

Cabirean
Cab•i•re´an (kab•i•re"an), n. One of the Cabiri.

Cabiri
Ca•bi´ri (ka•bi"ri), n. pl. [ NL., fr. Gr. Ka•beiroi.] (Myth.) Certain deities originally worshiped with mystical rites by the Pelasgians in Lemnos and Samothrace and afterwards throughout Greece; — also called sons of Hephaestus (or Vulcan), as being masters of the art of working metals. [Written also Cabeiri.] Liddell & Scott.

Cabirian
Ca•bir´i•an (ka•bir"i• an), a. Same as Cabiric.

Cable
Ca´ble (ka"b’l), n. [F. câble, LL. capulum, caplum, a rope, fr. L. capere to take; cf. D., Dan., & G. kabel, from the French. See Capable.]
1. A large, strong rope or chain, of considerable length, used to retain a vessel at anchor, and for other purposes. It is made of hemp, of steel wire, or of iron links.
2. A rope of steel wire, or copper wire, usually covered with some protecting or insulating substance; as the cable of a suspension bridge; a telegraphic cable.
3. (Arch) A molding, shaft of a column, or any other member of convex, rounded section, made to resemble the spiral twist of a rope; — called also cable molding. Bower cable, the cable belonging to the bower anchor. — Cable road, a railway on which the cars are moved by a continuously running endless rope operated by a stationary motor. — Cable’s length, the length of a ship’s cable. Cables in the merchant service vary in length from 100 to 140 fathoms or more; but as a maritime measure, a cable’s length is either 120 fathoms (720 feet), or about 100 fathoms (600 feet, an approximation to one tenth of a nautical mile). — Cable tier. (a) That part of a vessel where the cables are stowed. (b) A coil of a cable. — Sheet cable, the cable belonging to the sheet anchor. — Stream cable, a hawser or rope, smaller than the bower cables, to moor a ship in a place sheltered from wind and heavy seas. — Submarine cable. See Telegraph. — To pay out the cable, To veer out the cable, to slacken it, that it may run out of the ship; to let more cable run out of the hawse hole. — To serve the cable, to bind it round with ropes, canvas etc., to prevent its being, worn or galled in the hawse, et. — To slip the cable, to let go the end on board and let it all run out and go overboard, as when there is not time to weigh anchor. Hence, in sailor’s use, to die.

Cable
Ca´ble (ka"b’l), v. t.
1. To fasten with a cable.
2. (Arch.) To ornament with cabling. See Cabling.

Cable
Ca´ble, v. t. & i. [ imp. & p. p. Cabled (-b’ld); p. pr. & vb. n. Cabling (-blong).] To telegraph by a submarine cable [Recent]

Cablegram
Ca´ble•gram (ka"b’l•gram•), n. [ Cable, n. + Gr. gra•mma a writing, a letter.] A message sent by a submarine telegraphic cable. [A recent hybrid, sometimes found in the newspapers.]

Cablelaid
Ca´ble•laid (-lad•), a.
1. (Naut.) Composed of three three- stranded ropes, or hawsers, twisted together to form a cable.
2. Twisted after the manner of a cable; as a cable-laid gold chain. Simmonds.

Cablet
Ca´blet, n. [Dim. of cable; cf. F. câblot.] A little cable less than ten inches in circumference.

Cabling
Ca´bling, n. (Arch.) The decoration of a fluted shaft of a column or of a pilaster with reeds, or rounded moldings, which seem to be laid in the hollows of the fluting. These are limited in length to about one third of the height of the shaft.

Cabman
Cab´man, n. ; pl. Cabmen . The driver of a cab.

Cabob
Ca•bob´, n. [Hindi kabab]
1. A small piece of mutton or other meat roasted on a skewer; — so called in Turkey and Persia.
2. A leg of mutton roasted, stuffed with white herrings and sweet herbs. Wright.

Cabob
Ca•bob´, v. t. To roast, as a cabob. Sir. T. Herbert.

Caboched
Ca•boched´, a. [F. caboche head. Cf. 1st Cabbage.] (Her.) Showing the full face, but nothing of the neck; — said of the head of a beast in armorial bearing. [Written also caboshed.]

Caboodle
Ca•boo´dle (ka•boo"d’l), n. The whole collection; the entire quantity or number; — usually in the phrase the whole caboodle. [Slang, U.S.] Bartlett.

Caboose
Ca•boose´ (ka•boos"), n. [Cf. D. kabuis, kombuis, Dan. kabys, Sw. kabysa, G. kabuse a little room or hut. The First part of the word seems to be allied to W. cab cabin, booth. Cf. Cabin.] [Written also camboose.]
1. (Naut.) A house on deck, where the cooking is done; — commonly called the galley.
2. (Railroad) A car used on freight or construction trains for brakemen, workmen, etc.; a tool car. [U. S.]

Cabree
Ca•bree´ (ka•br&aslc;"), n. [French Canadian.] (Zoöl.) The pronghorn antelope. [Also written cabrit, cabret.]

Cabrerite
Ca•brer´ite, n. (Min.) An apple-green mineral, a hydrous arseniate of nickel, cobalt, and magnesia; — so named from the Sierra Cabrera, Spain.

Cabrilla
Ca•bril´la, n. [Sp., prawn.] (Zoöl) A name applied to various species of edible fishes of the genus Serranus, and related genera, inhabiting the Meditarranean, the coast of California, etc. In California, some of them are also called rock bass and kelp salmon.

Cabriole
Cab´ri•ole, n. [F. See Cabriolet, and cf. Capriole.] (Man.) A curvet; a leap. See Capriole.
"The cabrioles which his charger exhibited." - Sir W. Scott.

Cacajão
Ca•ca•jão", n. [Pg.] (Zoöl) A South American short-tailed monkey ( Pithecia melanocephala or Brachyurus melanocephala). [Written also cacajo.]

Cacao
Ca•ca´o, n. [Sp., fr. Mex. kakahuatl. Cf. Cocoa, Chocolate] (Bot.) A small evergreen tree ( Theobroma Cacao) of South America and the West Indies. Its fruit contains an edible pulp, inclosing seeds about the size of an almond, from which cocoa, chocolate, and broma are prepared.

Cachalot
Cach´a•lot, n. [F. cachalot.] (Zoöl.) The sperm whale ( Physeter macrocephalus). It has in the top of its head a large cavity, containing an oily fluid, which, after death, concretes into a whitish crystalline substance called spermaceti. See Sperm whale.

Cachepot
Cache•pot´ (kash•po"), n. [F., fr. cacher to hide + pot a pot.] An ornamental casing for a flowerpot, of porcelain, metal, paper, etc.

Cachet
Cach´et, n. [F. fr. cacher to hide.] A seal, as of a letter. Lettre de cachet [F.], a sealed letter, especially a letter or missive emanating from the sovereign; — much used in France before the Revolution as an arbitrary order of imprisonment. { Ca•chex´i•a, Ca•chex´y }, n. [L. cachexia, Gr. kachexi•a; kako•s bad + "e•xis condition.] A condition of ill health and impairment of nutrition due to impoverishment of the blood, esp. when caused by a specific morbid process (as cancer or tubercle).

Cachinnation
Cach•in•na´tion (kak•in•na"shun), n. [L. cachinnatio, fr. cachinnare to laugh aloud, cf. Gr. kacha•zein.] Loud or immoderate laughter; — often a symptom of hysterical or maniacal affections.
"Hideous grimaces … attended this unusual cachinnation." - Sir W. Scott.

Cachinnatory
Ca•chin´na•to•ry, a. Consisting of, or accompanied by, immoderate laughter.
"Cachinnatory buzzes of approval." - Carlyle.

Cachiri
Ca•chi´ri, n. A fermented liquor made in Cayenne from the grated root of the manioc, and resembling perry. Dunglison.

Cacholong
Cach´o•long, n. [F. cacholong, said to be from Cach, the name of a river in Bucharia + cholon, a Calmuck word for stone; or fr. a Calmuck word meaning "beautiful stone"] (Min.) An opaque or milk-white chalcedony, a variety of quartz; also a similar variety of opal.

Cachou
Ca•chou´, n. [F. See Cashoo.] A silvered aromatic pill, used to correct the odor of the breath.

Cachucha
Ca•chu´cha, n. [Sp.] An Andalusian dance in three-four time, resembling the bolero. [Sometimes in English spelled cachuca .]
"The orchestra plays the cachucha." - Longfellow.

Cachunde
Ca•chun´de, n. [Sp.] (Med.) A pastil or troche, composed of various aromatic and other ingredients, highly celebrated in India as an antidote, and as a stomachic and antispasmodic.

Cacique
Ca•cique´, n. [Sp.] See Cazique.

Cack (kak), v. i. [OE. cakken, fr. L. cacare; akin to Gr. kakka^n, and to OIr. cacc dung; cf. AS. cac.] To ease the body by stool; to go to stool. Pope.

Cackerel
Cack´er•el, n. [OF. caquerel cagarel ( Cotgr.), from the root of E. cack.] (Zoöl.) The mendole; a small worthless Mediterranean fish considered poisonous by the ancients. See Mendole.

Cackler
Cac´kler, n.
1. A fowl that cackles.
2. One who prattles, or tells tales; a tattler.

Cackling
Cac´kling, n. The broken noise of a goose or a hen. { Cac•o•chym´i•a, Cac´o•chym•y } n. [NL. cacochymia, fr. Gr. ; kako•s bad + juice: cf. F. cacochymie.] (Med.) A vitiated state of the humors, or fluids, of the body, especially of the blood. Dunglison. { Cac•o•chym´ic, Cac•o•chym´ic•al } a. Having the fluids of the body vitiated, especially the blood. Wiseman.

Cacochymia
Cac•o•chym´i•a, n. [NL., Gr. ; bad + juice.] (Med.) A vitiated state of the humors, or fluids, of the body, esp. of the blood. — Cac•o•chym´ic (#), Cac•o•chym´ic•al (#), a.

Cacodemon
Cac•o•de´mon, n. [Gr. ; kako•s bad + demon: cf. F. cacodemon.]
1. An evil spirit; a devil or demon. Shak.
2. (Med.) The nightmare. Dunaglison.

Cacodoxical
Cac•o•dox´ic•al, a. Heretical.

Cacodoxy
Cac´o•dox•y, n. [Gr. perverted opinion; kako•s bad + opinion.] Erroneous doctrine; heresy; heterodoxy. [R.]
"Heterodoxy, or what Luther calls cacodoxy." - R. Turnbull.

Cacodyl
Cac´o•dyl, n. [Gr. ill-smelling (kako•s bad + to smell) + -yl.] (Chem.) Alkarsin; a colorless, poisonous, arsenical liquid, As₂(CH₃)₄, spontaneously inflammable and possessing an intensely disagreeable odor. It is the type of a series of compounds analogous to the nitrogen compounds called hydrazines. [Written also cacodyle, and kakodyl.]

Cacodylic
Cac•o•dyl´ic, a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or derived from, cacodyl. Cacodylic acid, a white, crystalline, deliquescent substance, (CH₃)₂AsO.OH, obtained by the oxidation of cacodyl, and having the properties of an exceedingly stable acid; — also called alkargen.

Cacoëthes
Cac•o•ë"thes, n. [L., fr. Gr. of ill habits, an ill habit; kako•s bad + habit]
1. A bad custom or habit; an insatiable desire; as cacoëthes scribendi, "The itch for writing". Addison.
2. (Med.) A bad quality or disposition in a disease; an incurable ulcer.

Cacogastric
Cac•o•gas´tric, a. [Gr. kako•s bad + stomach.] Troubled with bad digestion. [R.] Carlyle.

Cacographic
Cac•o•graph•ic, a. Pertaining to, or characterized by, cacography; badly written or spelled.

Cacography
Ca•cog•ra•phy, n. [Gr. kako•s bad + -graphy; cf. F. cacographie.] Incorrect or bad writing or spelling. Walpole.

Cacolet
Ca•co•let´, n. [F.] A chair, litter, or other contrivance fitted to the back or pack saddle of a mule for carrying travelers in mountainous districts, or for the transportation of the sick and wounded of an army.

Cacology
Ca•col´o•gy, n. [Gr. kako•s bad + -logy: cf. F. cacologie.] Bad speaking; bad choice or use of words. Buchanan. { Ca•co•mix´le, Ca•co•mix´tle, Ca´co•mix•l }, n. [Mexican name.] A North American carnivore ( Bassaris astuta), about the size of a cat, related to the raccoons. It inhabits Mexico, Texas and California.

Cacoon
Ca•coon´, n. One of the seeds or large beans of a tropical vine ( Entada scandens) used for making purses, scent bottles, etc. { Cac•o•phon´ic, Cac•o•phon´ic•al, Ca•coph´o•nous, Cac•o•pho´ni•ous }, a. Harsh-sounding.

Cacophony
Ca•coph´o•ny, n. ; pl. Cacophonies (#). [Gr. ; kako•s bad + sound: cf. F. Cacophonie.]
1. (Rhet.) An uncouth or disagreable sound of words, owing to the concurrence of harsh letters or syllables. "Cacophonies of all kinds." Pope.
2. (Mus.) A combination of discordant sounds.
3. (Med.) An unhealthy state of the voice.

Cacostomia
Cac•o•sto´mi•a, n. [NL., fr. Gr. bad + mouth.] (Med.) Diseased or gangrenous condition of the mouth. { Ca•dav´er•ine, n. Also - in }. [From Cadaver.] (Chem.) A sirupy, nontoxic ptomaine, C₅H₁₄N₂ (chemically pentamethylene diamine), formed in putrefaction of flesh, etc.

Cactaceous
Cac•ta´ceous, a. (Bot.) Belonging to, or like, the family of plants of which the prickly pear is a common example.

Cactus
Cac´tus, n. ; pl. E. Cactuses (#), Cacti (- ti). [L., a kind of cactus, Gr. .] (Bot.) Any plant of the order Cactacae, as the prickly pear and the night-blooming cereus. See Cereus. They usually have leafless stems and branches, often beset with clustered thorns, and are mostly natives of the warmer parts of America. Cactus wren (Zoöl.), an American wren of the genus Campylorhynchus, of several species.

Cacuminate
Ca•cu´mi•nate, v. i. [L. cacuminatus, p. p. of cacuminare to point, fr. cacumen point.] To make sharp or pointed. [Obs.]

Cad, n. [Abbrev. fr. cadet.]
1. A person who stands at the door of an omnibus to open and shut it, and to receive fares; an idle hanger-on about innyards. [Eng.] Dickens.
2. A lowbred, presuming person; a mean, vulgar fellow. [Cant] Thackeray.

Cadastral
Ca•das´tral, a. [F.] Of or pertaining to landed property. Cadastral survey, orCadastral map, a survey, map, or plan on a large scale (Usually &frac1x2500; of the linear measure of the ground, or twenty-five inches to the mile or about an inch to the acre) so as to represent the relative positions and dimensions of objects and estates exactly; — distinguished from a topographical map, which exaggerates the dimensions of houses and the breadth of roads and streams, for the sake of distinctness. Brande & C. { Ca•das´tre, Ca•das´ter }, n. [f. cadastre.] (Law.) An official statement of the quantity and value of real estate for the purpose of apportioning the taxes payable on such property.

Cadaver
Ca•da´ver, n. [L., fr cadere to fall.] A dead human body; a corpse.

Cadaveric
Ca•dav´er•ic, a. Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a corpse, or the changes produced by death; cadaverous; as cadaveric rigidity. Dunglison. Cadaveric alkaloid, an alkaloid generated by the processes of decomposition in dead animal bodies, and thought by some to be the cause of the poisonous effects produced by the bodies. See Ptomaine.

Cadbait
Cad´bait, n. [Prov. E. codbait, cadbote fly.] (Zoöl.) See Caddice. { Cad´dice, Cad´dis }, n. [Prov. E. caddy, cadew; cf. G. köder bait.] (Zoöl.) The larva of a caddice fly. These larvae generally live in cylindrical cases, open at each end, and covered externally with pieces of broken shells, gravel, bits of wood, etc. They are a favorite bait with anglers. Called also caddice worm, or caddis worm. Caddice fly (Zoöl.), a species of trichopterous insect, whose larva is the caddice.

Caddish
Cad´dish, a. Like a cad; lowbred and presuming.

Caddow
Cad´dow, n. [OE. cadawe, prob. fr. ca chough + daw jackdaw; cf. Gael. cadhag, cathag. Cf. Chough, Daw, n. ] (Zoöl.) A jackdaw. [Prov. Eng.]

Cadence
Ca´dence, n. [OE. cadence, cadens, LL. cadentia a falling, fr. L. cadere to fall; cf. F. cadence, It. cadenza. See Chance.]
1. The act or state of declining or sinking. [Obs.]
"Now was the sun in western cadence low." - Milton.
2. A fall of the voice in reading or speaking, especially at the end of a sentence.
3. A rhythmical modulation of the voice or of any sound; as music of bells in cadence sweet.
"Blustering winds, which all night long Had roused the sea, now with hoarse cadence lull Seafaring men o’erwatched." - Milton.
"The accents … were in passion’s tenderest cadence." - Sir W. Scott.
4. Rhythmical flow of language, in prose or verse.
"Golden cadence of poesy." - Shak.
"If in any composition much attention was paid to the flow of the rhythm, it was said (at least in the 14th and 15th centuries) to be "prosed in faire cadence."" - Dr. Guest.
5. (Her.) See Cadency.
6. (Man.) Harmony and proportion in motions, as of a well-managed horse.
7. (Mil.) A uniform time and place in marching.
8. (Mus.) (a) The close or fall of a strain; the point of rest, commonly reached by the immediate succession of the tonic to the dominant chord. (b) A cadenza, or closing embellishment; a pause before the end of a strain, which the performer may fill with a flight of fancy. Imperfect cadence. (Mus.) See under Imperfect.

Cadence
Ca´dence, v. t. To regulate by musical measure.
"These parting numbers, cadenced by my grief." - Philips.

Cadency
Ca´den•cy, n. Descent of related families; distinction between the members of a family according to their ages. Marks of cadency (Her.), bearings indicating the position of the bearer as older or younger son, or as a descendant of an older or younger son. See Difference (Her.).

Cadent
Ca´dent, a. [L. cadens, -entis, p. pr. of cadere to fall.] Falling. [R.] "Cadent tears." Shak.

Cadenza
Ca•den´za, n. [It.] (Mus.) A parenthetic flourish or flight of ornament in the course of a piece, commonly just before the final cadence.

Cader
Ca´der, n. See Cadre.

Cadetship
Ca•det´ship, n. The position, rank, or commission of a cadet; as to get a cadetship. { Ca•dew´, Cade´worm• } n. A caddice. See Caddice.

Cadi
Ca´di, n. [Turk. See Alcalde.] An inferior magistrate or judge among the Mohammedans, usually the judge of a town or village. { Cad´ie, Cad´die } n. A Scotch errand boy, porter, or messenger. [Written also cady.]
"Every Scotchman, from the peer to the cadie." - Macaulay.

Cadillac
Ca•dil´lac, n. [Prob. from Cadillac, a French town.] A large pear, shaped like a flattened top, used chiefly for cooking. Johnson.

Cadis
Cad´is, n. [F.] A kind of coarse serge.

Cadmean
Cad•me´an (kad•m>emac/"an), a. [L. Cadmeus, Gr. Kadmei^os, from Ka•dmos (L. Cadmus), which name perhaps means lit. a man from the East; cf. Heb. qedem east.] Of or pertaining to Cadmus, a fabulous prince of Thebes, who was said to have introduced into Greece the sixteen simple letters of the alphabet — α, β, γ, δ, ε, ι, κ, λ, μ, ν, ο, π, ρ, σ, τ, υ. These are called Cadmean letters. Cadmean victory, a victory that damages the victors as much as the vanquished; probably referring to the battle in which the soldiers who sprang from the dragon’s teeth sown by Cadmus slew each other.

Cadmia
Cad´mi•a, n. [L. cadmia calamine, Gr. . Cf. Calamine.] (Min.) An oxide of zinc which collects on the sides of furnaces where zinc is sublimed. Formerly applied to the mineral calamine.

Cadmium
Cad´mi•um, n. [NL. See Cadmia.] (Chem.) A comparatively rare element related to zinc, and occurring in some zinc ores. It is a white metal, both ductile and malleable. Symbol Cd. Atomic weight 111.8. It was discovered by Stromeyer in 1817, who named it from its association with zinc or zinc ore. Cadmium yellow, a compound of cadmium and sulphur, of an intense yellow color, used as a pigment.

Caducary
Ca•du´ca•ry, a. [See Caducous.] (Law) Relating to escheat, forfeiture, or confiscation.

Caduceus
Ca•du´ce•us, n. [L. caduceum, caduceus; akin to Gr. a herald’s wand, fr. herald.] (Myth.) The official staff or wand of Hermes or Mercury, the messenger of the gods. It was originally said to be a herald’s staff of olive wood, but was afterwards fabled to have two serpents coiled about it, and two wings at the top.

Caducibranchiate
Ca•du•ci•bran´chi•ate, a. [L. caducus falling (fr. cadere to fall) + E. branchiate.] (Zoöl.) With temporary gills: — applied to those Amphibia in which the gills do not remain in adult life.

Caducity
Ca•du´ci•ty, n. [LL. caducitas: cf. F. caducite. See Caducous.] Tendency to fall; the feebleness of old age; senility. [R.]
"[A] jumble of youth and caducity." - Chesterfield.

Caecias
Cae´ci•as, n. [L. caecias, Gr. .] A wind from the northeast. Milton.

Caecilian
Cae•cil´i•an ( 106), n. [L. caecus blind. So named from the supposed blindness of the species, the eyes being very minute.] (Zoöl.) A limbless amphibian belonging to the order Caeciliae or Ophimorpha. See Ophiomorpha. [Written also cœcilian.]

Caelatura
Cae•la•tu´ra, n. [L., fr. caelare to engrave in relief.] Art of producing metal decorative work other than statuary, as reliefs, intaglios, engraving, chasing, etc.

Caen stone
Ca"en stone", A cream-colored limestone for building, found near Caen, France.

Caenozoic
Cae•no•zo´ic, a. (Geol.) See Cenozoic.

Caesious
Cae´si•ous, a. [L. caesius bluish gray.] (Nat. Hist.) Of the color of lavender; pale blue with a slight mixture of gray. Lindley.

Caesium
Cae´si•um, n. [NL., from L. caesius bluish gray.] (Chem.) A rare alkaline metal found in mineral water; — so called from the two characteristic blue lines in its spectrum. It was the first element discovered by spectrum analysis, and is the most strongly basic and electro-positive substance known. Symbol Cs. Atomic weight 132.6.

Caespitose
Caes´pi•tose, a. Same as Cespitose.

Cafe
Ca•fe´, n. [F. See Coffee.] A coffeehouse; a restaurant; also a room in a hotel or restaurant where coffee and liquors are served. { Caf´e•net, Caf´e•neh } n. [Turk. qahveh khaneh coffeehouse.] A humble inn or house of rest for travelers, where coffee is sold. [Turkey]

Caffeic
Caf•fe´ic, a. [See Coffee.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or obtained from, coffee. Caffeic acid, an acid obtained from coffee tannin, as a yellow crystalline substance, C₉H₈O₄.

Caffila
Caf´fi•la, n. [Ar.] See Cafila.

Cag, n. See Keg. [Obs.]

Cageling
Cage´ling (kaj"ling), n. [ Cage + -ling] A bird confined in a cage; esp. a young bird. [Poetic] Tennyson.

Cagit
Ca´git (ka"jit), n. (Zoöl) A kind of parrot, of a beautiful green color, found in the Philippine Islands.

Cagmag
Cag´mag (kag"mag), n. A tough old goose; hence, coarse, bad food of any kind. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.

Cagot
Ca•got´ (ka•go"), n. [F.] One of a race inhabiting the valleys of the Pyrenees, who until 1793 were political and social outcasts (Christian Pariahs). They are supposed to be a remnant of the Visigoths.

Cahenslyism
Ca•hens´ly•ism, n. (R. C. Ch.) A plan proposed to the Pope in 1891 by P. P. Cahensly, a member of the German parliament, to divide the foreign-born population of the United States, for ecclesiastical purposes, according to European nationalities, and to appoint bishops and priests of like race and speaking the same language as the majority of the members of a diocese or congregation. This plan was successfully opposed by the American party in the Church.

Cahier
Ca•hier´ (ka•ya" or ka•her), n. [F., fr. OF. cayer, fr. LL. quaternum. See Quire of paper. The sheets of manuscript were folded into parts.]
1. A number of sheets of paper put loosely together; esp. one of the successive portions of a work printed in numbers.
2. A memorial of a body; a report of legislative proceedings, etc.

Cahoot
Ca•hoot´, n. [Perhaps fr. f. cohorte a company or band.] Partnership; as to go in cahoot with a person. [Slang, southwestern U. S.] Bartlett.

Caimacam
Cai•ma•cam´, n. [Turk.] The governor of a sanjak or district in Turkey.

Caiman
Cai´man, n. (Zoöl.) See Cayman.

Caird, n. [Ir. ceard a tinker.] A traveling tinker; also a tramp or sturdy beggar. [Prov. Eng.]

Cairn, n. [Gael. carn, gen. cairn, a heap: cf. Ir. & W. carn.]
1. A rounded or conical heap of stones erected by early inhabitants of the British Isles, apparently as a sepulchral monument.
"Now here let us place the gray stone of her cairn." - Campbell.
2. A pile of stones heaped up as a landmark, or to arrest attention, as in surveying, or in leaving traces of an exploring party, etc. C. Kingsley. Kane.

Cairngormstone
Cairn•gorm´stone [Gael. carn a cairn + gorm azure.] (Min.) A yellow or smoky brown variety of rock crystal, or crystallized quartz, found esp, in the mountain of Cairngorm, in Scotland.

Caisson
Cais´son, n. [F., fr. caisse, case, chest. See 1st Case.]
1. (Mil.) (a) A chest to hold ammunition. (b) A four-wheeled carriage for conveying ammunition, consisting of two parts, a body and a limber. In light field batteries there is one caisson to each piece, having two ammunition boxes on the body, and one on the limber. Farrow. (c) A chest filled with explosive materials, to be laid in the way of an enemy and exploded on his approach.
2. (a) A water-tight box, of timber or iron within which work is carried on in building foundations or structures below the water level. (b) A hollow floating box, usually of iron, which serves to close the entrances of docks and basins. (c) A structure, usually with an air chamber, placed beneath a vessel to lift or float it.
3. (Arch.) A sunk panel of ceilings or soffits. Pneumatic caisson (Engin.), a caisson, closed at the top but open at the bottom, and resting upon the ground under water. The pressure of air forced into the caisson keeps the water out. Men and materials are admitted to the interior through an air lock. See Lock.

Caitiff
Cai´tiff, a. [OE. caitif, cheitif, captive, miserable, OF. caitif, chaitif, captive, mean, wretched, F. chetif, fr. L. captivus captive, fr. capere to take, akin to E. heave. See Heave, and cf. Captive.]
1. Captive; wretched; unfortunate. [Obs.] Chaucer.
2. Base; wicked and mean; cowardly; despicable.
"Arnold had sped his caitiff flight." - W. Irving.

Caitiff
Cai´tiff, n. A captive; a prisoner. [Obs.]
"Avarice doth tyrannize over her caitiff and slave." - Holland.
2. A wretched or unfortunate man. [Obs.] Chaucer.
3. A mean, despicable person; one whose character meanness and wickedness meet. The deep-felt conviction of men that slavery breaks down the moral character … speaks out with … distinctness in the change of meaning which caitiff has undergone signifying as it now does, one of a base, abject disposition, while there was a time when it had nothing of this in it. Trench.

Cajeput
Caj´e•put, n. See Cajuput.

Cajoler
Ca•jol´er, n. A flatterer; a wheedler.

Cajolery
Ca•jol´er•y, n. ; pl. Cajoleries . A wheedling to delude; words used in cajoling; flattery. "Infamous cajoleries." Evelyn.

Cajun
Ca´jun, n. [A corruption of Acadian.] (Ethnol.) In Louisiana, a person reputed to be Acadian French descent.

Cajuputene
Caj´u•put•ene, n. (Chem.) A colorless or greenish oil extracted from cajuput.

Cake (kak), n. [OE. cake, kaak; akin to Dan. kage, Sw. & Icel. kaka, D. koek, G. kuchen, OHG. chuocho.]
1. A small mass of dough baked; especially, a thin loaf from unleavened dough; as an oatmeal cake; johnny cake.
2. A sweetened composition of flour and other ingredients, leavened or unleavened, baked in a loaf or mass of any size or shape.
3. A thin wafer-shaped mass of fried batter; a griddlecake or pancake; as buckwheat cakes.
4. A mass of matter concreted, congealed, or molded into a solid mass of any form, esp. into a form rather flat than high; as a cake of soap; an ague cake.
"Cakes of rusting ice come rolling down the flood." - Dryden.
Cake urchin (Zoöl), any species of flat sea urchins belonging to the Clypeastroidea. — Oil cake the refuse of flax seed, cotton seed, or other vegetable substance from which oil has been expressed, compacted into a solid mass, and used as food for cattle, for manure, or for other purposes. — To have one’s cake dough, to fail or be disappointed in what one has undertaken or expected. Shak.

Cake, v. i. To form into a cake, or mass.

Cake, v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Caked p. pr. & vb. n. Caking.] To concrete or consolidate into a hard mass, as dough in an oven; to coagulate.
"Clotted blood that caked within." - Addison.

Cake, v. i. To cackle as a goose. [Prov. Eng.]

Caking coal
Cak"ing coal See Coal.

Calabar
Cal´a•bar, n. A district on the west coast of Africa. Calabar bean, The of a climbing legumious plant ( Physostigma venenosum), a native of tropical Africa. It is highly poisonous. It is used to produce contraction of the pupil of the eye; also in tetanus, neuralgia, and rheumatic diseases; — called also ordeal bean, being used by the negroes in trials for witchcraft.

Calabarine
Cal´a•bar•ine, n. (Chem.) An alkaloid resembling physostigmine and occurring with it in the calabar bean.

Calabash
Cal´a•bash (kal"a•bash), n. [Sp. calabaza, or Pg. calabaça, cabaça (cf. F. Calebasse), lit., a dry gourd, fr. Ar. qar’, fem., a kind of gourd + aibas dry.]
1. The common gourd (plant or fruit).
2. The fruit of the calabash tree.
3. A water dipper, bottle, bascket, or other utensil, made from the dry shell of a calabash or gourd. Calabash tree. (Bot.), a tree of tropical America ( Crescentia cujete), producing a large gourdlike fruit, containing a purgative pulp. Its hard shell, after the removal of the pulp, is used for cups, bottles, etc. The African calabash tree is the baobab.

Calaboose
Cal•a•boose´, n. [A corruption of Sp. calabozo dungeon.] A prison; a jail. [Local, U. S.]

Calabozo
Ca•la•bo´zo, n. [Sp.] A jail. See Calaboose.

Caladium
Ca•la´di•um, n. [NL.] A genus of aroideous plants, of which some species are cultivated for their immense leaves (which are often curiously blotched with white and red), and others (in Polynesia) for food.

Calaite
Cal´a•ite (kal•a•it), n. [L. callaïs, Gr. ka•lai:s, ka•llai:s; cf. F. calaïte.] A mineral. See Turquoise.

Calamander wood
Cal"a•man•der wood (kal"a•man•der wood•). A valuable furniture wood from India and Ceylon, of a hazel-brown color, with black stripes, very hard in texture. It is a species of ebony, and is obtained from the Diospyros quaesita. Called also Coromandel wood. { Cal´a•mar (kal"a•mär), Cal´a•ma•ry, (-ma•ryr)} n. [LL. calamarium inkstand, fr. L. calamus a reed pen: cf. F. calmar, calemar, pen case, calamar.] (Zoöl.) A cephalopod, belonging to the genus Loligo and related genera. There are many species. They have a sack of inklike fluid which they discharge from the siphon tube, when pursued or alarmed, in order to confuse their enemies. Their shell is a thin horny plate, within the flesh of the back, shaped very much like a quill pen. In America they are called squids. See Squid.

Calambour
Cal´am•bour (kal"am•boor), n. [See Calambac.] A species of agalloch, or aloes wood, of a dusky or mottled color, of a light, friable texture, and less fragrant than calambac; — used by cabinetmakers.

Calamine
Cal´a•mine (kal"a•min or - min), n. [F. calamine, LL. calamina, fr. L. Cadmia. See Cadmia.] (min.) A mineral, the hydrous silicate of zinc. The name was formerly applied to both the carbonate and silicate of zinc each of which is valuabic as an ore; but it is now usually restricted to the latter, the former being called smithsonite.

Calamistrate
Cal•a•mis´trate (-mis"trat), v. i. [L. calamistratus, curled with the curling iron, fr. calamistrum curling iron, fr. calamus a reed.] To curl or friz, as the hair. [Obs.] Cotgrave.

Calamistration
Cal•a•mis•tra´tion (kal•a•mis•tra"shun), n. The act or process of curling the hair. [Obs.] Burton.

Calamistrum
Cal•a•mis´trum, n. [L., a curling iron.] (Zoöl.) A comblike structure on the metatarsus of the hind legs of certain spiders ( Ciniflonidae), used to curl certain fibers in the construction of their webs.

Calamite
Cal´a•mite, n. [L. calamus a reed: cf. F. calamite.] (Paleon.) A fossil plant of the coal formation, having the general form of plants of the modern Equiseta (the Horsetail or Scouring Rush family) but sometimes attaining the height of trees, and having the stem more or less woody within. See Acrogen, and Asterophyllite.

Calamity
Ca•lam´i•ty n. ; pl. Calamities (#). [L. calamitas, akin to in- columis unharmed: cf. F. calamite]
1. Any great misfortune or cause of misery; — generally applied to events or disasters which produce extensive evil, either to communities or individuals. The word calamity was first derived from calamus when the corn could not get out of the stalk. Bacon.
"Strokes of calamity that scathe and scorch the soul." - W. Irving.
2. A state or time of distress or misfortune; misery.
"The deliberations of calamity are rarely wise." - Burke.
"Where’er I came I brought calamity." - Tennyson.
Syn. — Disaster; distress; affliction; adversity; misfortune; unhappiness; infelicity; mishap; mischance; misery; evil; extremity; exigency; downfall. — Calamity, Disaster, Misfortune, Mishap, Mischance. Of these words, calamity is the strongest. It supposes a somewhat continuous state, produced not usually by the direct agency of man, but by natural causes, such as fire, flood, tempest, disease, etc, Disaster denotes literally ill-starred, and is some unforeseen and distressing event which comes suddenly upon us, as if from hostile planet. Misfortune is often due to no specific cause; it is simply the bad fortune of an individual; a link in the chain of events; an evil independent of his own conduct, and not to be charged as a fault. Mischance and mishap are misfortunes of a trivial nature, occurring usually to individuals. "A calamity is either public or private, but more frequently the former; a disaster is rather particular than private; it affects things rather than persons; journey, expedition, and military movements are often attended with disasters; misfortunes are usually personal; they immediately affect the interests of the individual." Crabb.

Calash
Ca•lash´, n. [F. calèche; of Slavonic origin; cf. Bohem. kolesa, Russ. koliaska calash, koleso, kolo, wheel.]
1. A light carriage with low wheels, having a top or hood that can be raised or lowered, seats for inside, a separate seat for the driver, and often a movable front, so that it can be used as either an open or a close carriage.
"The baroness in a calash capable of holding herself, her two children, and her servants." - W. Irving.
2. In Canada, a two-wheeled, one-seated vehicle, with a calash top, and the driver’s seat elevated in front.
3. A hood or top of a carriage which can be thrown back at pleasure.
4. A hood, formerly worn by ladies, which could be drawn forward or thrown back like the top of a carriage.

Calaveras skull
Ca•la•ve"ras skull A human skull reported, by Prof. J. D. Whitney, as found in 1886 in a Tertiary auriferous gravel deposit, lying below a bed of black lava, in Calaveras County, California. It is regarded as very doubtful whether the skull really belonged to the deposit in which it was found. If it did, it indicates an unprecedented antiquity for human beings of an advanced type.

Calaverite
Ca•la•ve´rite, n. (Min.) A bronze-yellow massive mineral with metallic luster; a telluride of gold; — first found in Calaveras County California.

Calcaneal
Cal•ca´ne•al, a. (Anal.) Pertaining to the calcaneum; as calcaneal arteries.

Calcaneum
Cal•ca´ne•um n. ; pl. E. -neums, L. -nea. [L. the heel, fr. calx, calcis, the heel.] (Anal.) One of the bones of the tarsus which in man, forms the great bone of the heel; — called also fibulare.

Calcar
Cal´car, n. [L. calcaria lime kiln, fr. calx, calcis, lime. See Calx.] (Glass manuf.) A kind of oven, or reverberatory furnace, used for the calcination of sand and potash, and converting them into frit. Ure.

Calcar
Cal´car, n. ; L. pl. Calcaria (#). [L., a spur, as worn on the heel, also the spur of a cock, fr. calx, calcis, the heel.]
1. (Bot.) A hollow tube or spur at the base of a petal or corolla.
2. (Zoöl.) A slender bony process from the ankle joint of bats, which helps to support the posterior part of the web, in flight.
3. (Anat.) (a) A spur, or spurlike prominence. (b) A curved ridge in the floor of the leteral ventricle of the brain; the calcar avis, hippocampus minor, or ergot. { Cal´ca•rate, Cal´ca•ra•ted } a. [LL. calcaratus, fr. L. calcar. See 2d Calcar.]
1. (Bot.) Having a spur, as the flower of the toadflax and larkspur; spurred. Gray.
2. (Zoöl.) Armed with a spur.

Calcareo-argillaceous
Cal•ca´re•o-ar•gil•la´ceous, a. consisting of, or containing, calcareous and argillaceous earths.

Calcareo-bituminous
Cal•ca´re•o-bi•tu´mi•nous, a. Consisting of, or containing, lime and bitumen. Lyell.

Calcareo-siliceous
Cal•ca´re•o-si•li´ceous, a. Consisting of, or containing calcareous and siliceous earths.

Calcareous
Cal•ca´re•ous, a. [L. calcarius pertaining to lime. See Calx.] Partaking of the nature of calcite or calcium carbonate; consisting of, or containing, calcium carbonate or carbonate of lime. Calcareous spar. See as Calcite.

Calcariferous
Cal•ca•rif´er•ous, a. [L. calcarius of lime + ferous.] Lime-yielding; calciferous

Calcarine
Cal´ca•rine, a. (Anat.) Pertaining to, or situated near, the calcar of the brain.

Calcavella
Cal•ca•vel´la, n. A sweet wine from Portugal; — so called from the district of Carcavelhos. [Written also Calcavellos or Carcavelhos.]

Calceated
Cal´ce•a•ted, a. [L. calceatus, p. p. of pelceare to ahoe, fr. catceus shoe, fr. calx, calcic, heel.] Fitted with, or wearing, shoes. Johnson.

Calced, a. [See Calceated.] Wearing shoes; calceated; — in distintion from discalced or barefooted; as the calced Carmelites.

calceolaria
cal•ce•o•la´ri•a (kal•se•o•la"ri•a), n. [NL., fr. L. calceolarius shoemaker, fr. calceolus, a dim. of calceus shoe.] (Bot.) A genus of showy herbaceous or shrubby plants, brought from South America; slipperwort. It has a yellow or purple flower, often spotted or striped, the shape of which suggests its name.

Calceolate
Cal´ce•o•late, a. [See Calceolaria.] Slipper-ahaped. See Calceiform.

Calciferous
Cal•cif´er•ous, a. [L. calx, calcis, lime + -ferous.] Bearing, producing, or containing calcite, or carbonate of lime. Calciferous epoch (Geol.), an epoch in the American lower Silurian system, immediately succeeding the Cambrian period. The name alludes to the peculiar mixture of calcareous and siliceous characteristics in many of the beds. See the Diagram under Geology.

Calcification
Cal•ci•fi•ca´tion (kal•si•fi•ka"shun), n. (Physiol.) The process of change into a stony or calcareous substance by the deposition of lime salt; — normally, as in the formation of bone and of teeth; abnormally, as in calcareous degeneration of tissue.

Calcified
Cal´ci•fied (kal"si•fid), a. Consisting of, or containing, calcareous matter or lime salts; calcareous.

Calciform
Cal´ci•form (kal"si•fôrm), a. [L. calx, calcis, lime + - form.] In the form of chalk or lime.

Calcify
Cal´ci•fy (kal"si•fi), v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Calcified (- fid); p. pr. & vb. n. Calcifying.] [L. calx, calcis, lime + -fy.] To make stony or calcareous by the deposit or secretion of salts of lime.

Calcify
Cal´ci•fy, v. i. To become changed into a stony or calcareous condition, in which lime is a principal ingredient, as in the formation of teeth.

Calcigenous
Cal•cig´e•nous, a. [L. calx, calcis, lime + -genouse.] (Chem.) Tending to form, or to become, a calx or earthlike substance on being oxidized or burnt; as magnesium, calcium. etc.

Calcigerous
Cal•cig´er•ous, a. [L. calx, calcis, lime + -gerouse.] Holding lime or other earthy salts; as the calcigerous cells of the teeth.

Calcimine
Cal´ci•mine, n. [L. calx, calcis, lime.] A white or colored wash for the ceiling or other plastering of a room, consisting of a mixture of clear glue, Paris white or zinc white, and water. [Also spelt kalsomine.]

Calcimine
Cal´ci•mine, v. t. [ imp. &p. p. Calcimined p. pr. & vb. n. Calcimining.] To wash or cover with calcimine; as to calcimine walls.

Calcinable
Cal•cin´a•ble, a. That may be calcined; as a calcinable fossil.

Calcinate
Cal´ci•nate, v. i. To calcine. [R.]

Calcination
Cal•ci•na´tion (kal•si•na"shun), n. [F. calcination.]
1. (Chem.) The act or process of disintegrating a substance, or rendering it friable by the action of heat, esp. by the expulsion of some volatile matter, as when carbonic and acid is expelled from carbonate of calcium in the burning of limestone in order to make lime.
2. The act or process of reducing a metal to an oxide or metallic calx; oxidation.

Calcinatory
Cal•cin´a•to•ry, n. A vessel used in calcination.

Calcine
Cal•cine´, v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Calciden p. pr. & vb. n. Calcining.] [F. calciner, fr. L. calx, calcis, lime. See Calx.]
1. To reduce to a powder, or to a friable state, by the action of heat; to expel volatile matter from by means of heat, as carbonic acid from limestone, and thus (usually) to produce disintegration; as to, calcine bones.
2. To oxidize, as a metal by the action of heat; to reduce to a metallic calx.

Calcine
Cal•cine´, v. i. To be converted into a powder or friable substance, or into a calx, by the action of heat. "Calcining without fusion" Newton.

Calciner
Cal•cin´er, n. One who, or that which, calcines.

Calcispongiae
Cal•ci•spon´gi•ae, n. pl. [NL., fr. L. calx, calcis, lime + spongia a sponge.] (Zoöl.) An order of marine sponges, containing calcareous spicules. See Porifera.

Calcitrant
Cal´ci•trant, a. [L. calcitrans, p. pr. of calcitrare to kick, fr. calx, calcis, heel.] Kicking. Hence: Stubborn; refractory.

Calcitrate
Cal´ci•trate, v. i. & i. [L. calcitratus, p. p. of calcitrare. See Calcitrant.] To kick.

Calcium
Cal´ci•um (kal"si•um), n. [NL., from L. calx, calcis, lime; cf F. calcium. See Calx.] (Chem.) An elementary substance; a metal which combined with oxygen forms lime. It is of a pale yellow color, tenacious, and malleable. It is a member of the alkaline earth group of elements. Atomic weight 40. Symbol Ca. Calcium is widely and abundantly disseminated, as in its compounds calcium carbonate or limestone, calcium sulphate or gypsum, calcium fluoride or fluor spar, calcium phosphate or apatite. Calcium light, an intense light produced by the incandescence of a stick or ball of lime in the flame of a combination of oxygen and hydrogen gases, or of oxygen and coal gas; — called also Drummond light.

Calcographer
Cal•cog´ra•pher, n. One who practices calcography. { Cal•co•graph´ic, Cal•co•graph´ic•al } a. Relating to, or in the style of, calcography.

Calcography
Cal•cog´ra•phy, n. [L. calx, calcis, lime, chalk + -graphy.] The art of drawing with chalk.

Calc-sinter
Calc´-sin•ter, n. [G. kalk (L. calx, calcis) lime + E. sinter.] See under Calcite.

Calculary
Cal´cu•la•ry, a. [L. calculus a pebble, a calculus; cf calcularius pertaining to calculation.] (Med.) Of or pertaining to calculi.

Calculary
Cal´cu•la•ry, n. A congeries of little stony knots found in the pulp of the pear and other fruits.

Calculate
Cal´cu•late, v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Calculater p. pr. & vb. n. Calculating ] [L, calculatus, p. p. of calculate, fr. calculus a pebble, a stone used in reckoning; hence, a reckoning, fr. calx, calcis, a stone used in gaming, limestone. See Calx.]
1. To ascertain or determine by mathematical processes, usually by the ordinary rules of arithmetic; to reckon up; to estimate; to compute.
"A calencar exacity calculated than any othe." - North.
2. To ascertain or predict by mathematical or astrological computations the time, circumstances, or other conditions of; to forecast or compute the character or consequences of; as to calculate or cast one’s nativity.
"A cunning man did calculate my birth." - Shak.
3. To adjust for purpose; to adapt by forethought or calculation; to fit or prepare by the adaptation of means to an end; as to calculate a system of laws for the government and protection of a free people.
"[Religion] is … calculated for our benefit." - Abp. Tillotson.
4. To plan; to expect; to think. [Local, U. S.]
Syn. — To compute; reckon; count; estimate; rate. — To Calculate, Compute. Reckon, Count. These words indicate the means by which we arrive at a given result in regard to quantity. We calculate with a view to obtain a certain point of knowledge; as to calculate an eclipse. We compute by combining given numbers, in order to learn the grand result. We reckon and count in carrying out the details of a computation. These words are also used in a secondary and figurative sense. "Calculate is rather a conjection from what is, as to what may be; computation is a rational estimate of what has been, from what is; reckoning is a conclusive conviction, a pleasing assurance that a thing will happen; counting indicates an expectation. We calculate on a gain; we compute any loss sustained, or the amount of any mischief done; we reckon on a promised pleasure; we count the hours and minutes until the time of enjoyment arrives" Crabb.

Calculate
Cal´cu•late, v. i. To make a calculation; to forecast consequences; to estimate; to compute.
"The strong passions, whether good or bad, never calculate." - F. W. Robertson.

Calculated
Cal´cu•la•ted, p. p. & a.
1. Worked out by calculation; as calculated tables for computing interest; ascertained or conjectured as a result of calculation; as the calculated place of a planet; the calculated velocity of a cannon ball.
2. Adapted by calculation, contrivance. or forethought to accomplish a purpose; as to use arts calculated to deceive the people.
3. Likely to produce a certain effect, whether intended or not; fitted; adapted; suited.
"The only danger that attends multiplicity of publication is, that some of them may be calculated to injure rather than benefit society." - Goldsmith.
"The minister, on the other hand, had never gone through an experience calculated to lead him beyond the scope of generally received laws". Hawthorne.

Calculating
Cal´cu•la•ting, a.
1. Of or pertaining to mathematical calculations; performing or able to perform mathematical calculations.
2. Given to contrivance or forethought; forecasting; scheming; as a cool calculating disposition. Calculating machine, a machine for the mechanical performance of mathematical operations, for the most part invented by Charles Babbage and G. and E. Scheutz. It computes logarithmic and other mathematical tables of a high degree of intricacy, imprinting the results on a leaden plate, from which a stereotype plate is then directly made.

Calculating
Cal´cu•la•ting, n. The act or process of making mathematical computations or of estimating results.

Calculation
Cal•cu•la´tion (-la"shun), n. [OE. calculation, fr. L. calculatio; cf. OF. calcucation.]
1. The act or process, or the result, of calculating; computation; reckoning, estimate. "The calculation of eclipses." Nichol.
"The mountain is not so his calculation makes it." - Boyle.
2. An expectation based on circumstances.
"The lazy gossips of the port, Abhorrent of a calculation crost, Began to chafe as at a personal wrong." - Tennyson.

Calculative
Cal´cu•la•tive, a. Of or pertaining to calculation; involving calculation.
"Long habits of calculative dealings." - Burke.

Calculator
Cal´cu•la•tor, n. [L.: cf. F. calculateur.] One who computes or reckons: one who estimates or considers the force and effect of causes, with a view to form a correct estimate of the effects.
"Ambition is no exact calculator." - Burke.

Calculatory
Cal´cu•la•to•ry, a. [L. calculatorius.] Belonging to calculation. Sherwood.

Calcule
Cal´cule, n. [F. calcul, fr. L. calculus. See Calculus.] Reckoning; computation. [Obs.] Howell.

Calcule
Cal´cule, v. i. To calculate [Obs.] Chaucer.

Calculi
Cal´cu•li, n. pl. See Calculus.

Calculus
Cal´cu•lus, n. ; pl. Calculi (#). [L, calculus. See Calculate, and Calcule.]
1. (Med.) Any solid concretion, formed in any part of the body, but most frequent in the organs that act as reservoirs, and in the passages connected with them; as biliary calculi; urinary calculi, etc.
2. (Math.) A method of computation; any process of reasoning by the use of symbols; any branch of mathematics that may involve calculation. Barycentric calculus, a method of treating geometry by defining a point as the center of gravity of certain other points to which coëfficients or weights are ascribed. — Calculus of functions, that branch of mathematics which treats of the forms of functions that shall satisfy given conditions. — Calculus of operations, that branch of mathematical logic that treats of all operations that satisfy given conditions. — Calculus of probabilities, the science that treats of the computation of the probabilities of events, or the application of numbers to chance. — Calculus of variations, a branch of mathematics in which the laws of dependence which bind the variable quantities together are themselves subject to change. — Differential calculus, a method of investigating mathematical questions by using the ratio of certain indefinitely small quantities called differentials. The problems are primarily of this form: to find how the change in some variable quantity alters at each instant the value of a quantity dependent upon it. — Exponential calculus, that part of algebra which treats of exponents. — Imaginary calculus, a method of investigating the relations of real or imaginary quantities by the use of the imaginary symbols and quantities of algebra. — Integral calculus, a method which in the reverse of the differential, the primary object of which is to learn from the known ratio of the indefinitely small changes of two or more magnitudes, the relation of the magnitudes themselves, or, in other words, from having the differential of an algebraic expression to find the expression itself.

Caledonian
Cal•e•do´ni•an, a. Of or pertaining to Caledonia or Scotland; Scottish; Scotch. — n. A native or inhabitant of Caledonia or Scotland.

Caledonite
Ca•led´o•nite, n. (Min.) A hydrous sulphate of copper and lead, found in some parts of Caledonia or Scotland.

Calefacient
Cal•e•fa´cient, a. [L. calefaciens p. pr. of calefacere to make warm; calere to be warm + facere to make.] Making warm; heating. [R.]

Calefacient
Cal•e•fa´cient, n. A substance that excites warmth in the parts to which it is applied, as mustard.

Calefaction
Cal•e•fac´tion, n. [L. calefactio: cf. F. calefaction.]
1. The act of warming or heating; the production of heat in a body by the action of fire, or by communication of heat from other bodies.
2. The state of being heated.

Calefactive
Cal•e•fac´tive, a. See Calefactory. [R.]

Calefactory
Cal•e•fac´to•ry, a. [L. calefactorius.] Making hot; producing or communicating heat.

Calefactory
Cal•e•fac´to•ry, n.
1. (Eccl.) An apartment in a monastery, warmed and used as a sitting room.
2. A hollow sphere of metal, filled with hot water, or a chafing dish, placed on the altar in cold weather for the priest to warm his hands with.

Calefy
Cal´e•fy, v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Calefied p. pr. & vb. n. Calefying.] [L. calere to be warm + -fy] To make warm or hot.

Calefy
Cal´e•fy, v. i. To grow hot or warm. Sir T. Browne.

Calembour
Cal´em•bour, n. [F.] A pun.

Calendar
Cal´en•dar, n. [OE. kalender, calender, fr. L. kalendarium an interest or account book (cf. F. calendrier, OF. calendier) fr. L. calendue, kalendae, calends. See Calends.]
1. An orderly arrangement of the division of time, adapted to the purposes of civil life, as years, months, weeks, and days; also a register of the year with its divisions; an almanac.
2. (Eccl.) A tabular statement of the dates of feasts, offices, saints’ days, etc., esp. of those which are liable to change yearly according to the varying date of Easter.
3. An orderly list or enumeration of persons, things, or events; a schedule; as a calendar of state papers; a calendar of bills presented in a legislative assembly; a calendar of causes arranged for trial in court; a calendar of a college or an academy. Shepherds of people had need know the calendars of tempests of state. Bacon. Calendar clock, one that shows the days of the week and month. — Calendar month. See under Month. — French Republican calendar. See under Vendemiaire. — Gregorian calendar, Julian calendar, Perpetual calendar. See under Gregorian, Julian, and Perpetual.

Calendar
Cal´en•dar, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Calendared p. pr. & vb. n. Calendaring.] To enter or write in a calendar; to register. Waterhouse.

Calendary
Cal´en•da•ry, a. Calendarial. [Obs.]

Calender
Cal´en•der, n. [F. calandre, LL. calendra, corrupted fr. L. cylindrus a cylinder, Gr. . See Cylinider.]
1. A machine, used for the purpose of giving cloth, paper, etc., a smooth, even, and glossy or glazed surface, by cold or hot pressure, or for watering them and giving them a wavy appearance. It consists of two or more cylinders revolving nearly in contact, with the necessary apparatus for moving and regulating.
2. One who pursues the business of calendering.
"My good friend the calender." - Cawper.

Calender
Cal´en•der, v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Calendered p. pr. & vb. n. Calendering.] [Cf. F. calandrer. See Calender, n. ] To press between rollers for the purpose of making smooth and glossy, or wavy, as woolen and silk stuffs, linens, paper, etc. Ure.

Calender
Cal´en•der, n. [Per. qalender.] One of a sect or order of fantastically dressed or painted dervishes.

Calendographer
Cal•en•dog´ra•pher, n. [ Calendar + -graph + er.] One who makes calendars. [R.]

Calendrer
Cal´en•drer, n. A person who calenders cloth; a calender. { Ca•len´dric, Ca•len´dric•al } a. , Of or pertaining to a calendar.

Calends
Cal´ends, n. pl. [OE. kalendes month, calends, AS. calend month, fr. L. calendae; akin to calare to call, proclaim, Gr. . CF. Claim.] The first day of each month in the ancient Roman calendar. [Written also kalends.] The Greek calends, a time that will never come, as the Greeks had no calends.

Calendulin
Ca•len´du•lin, n. (Chem.) A gummy or mucilaginous tasteless substance obtained from the marigold or calendula, and analogous to bassorin.

Calenture
Cal´en•ture, n. [F. calenture, fr. Sp. calenture heat, fever, fr. calentar to heat, fr. p. pr. of L. calere to be warm.] (Med.) A name formerly given to various fevers occuring in tropics; esp. to a form of furious delirium accompanied by fever, among sailors, which sometimes led the affected person to imagine the sea to be a green field, and to throw himself into it.

Calenture
Cal´en•ture, v. i. To see as in the delirium of one affected with calenture. [Poetic]
"Hath fed on pageants floating through the air Or calentures in depths of limpid flood." - Wordsworth.

Calescence
Ca•les´cence, n. [L. calescens, p. pr. of calescere, incho. of calere to be warm.] Growing warmth; increasing heat.

Calf, n. ; pl. Calves (#). [OE. calf, kelf, AS. cealf; akin to D. kalf, G. kalb, Icel. kalfr, Sw. kalf, Dan. kalv, Goth. kalbo; cf. Skr. garbha fetus, young, Gr., Skr grabh to seize, conceive, Ir. colpa, colpach, a calf. rad.222.]
1. The young of the cow, or of the Bovine family of quadrupeds. also the young of some other mammals, as of the elephant, rhinoceros, hippopotamus, and whale.
2. Leather made of the skin of the calf; especially, a fine, light-colored leather used in bookbinding; as to bind books in calf.
3. An awkward or silly boy or young man; any silly person; a dolt. [Colloq.]
"Some silly, doting, brainless calf." - Drayton.
4. A small island near a larger; as the Calf of Man.
5. A small mass of ice set free from the submerged part of a glacier or berg, and rising to the surface. Kane.
6. [Cf. Icel. kalfi.] The fleshy hinder part of the leg below the knee. Calf’s-foot jelly, jelly made from the feet of calves. The gelatinous matter of the feet is extracted by boiling, and is flavored with sugar, essences, etc.

Calfskin
Calf´skin, n. The hide or skin of a calf; or leather made of the skin.

Cali
Ca´li, n. (Hindoo Myth.) The tenth avatar or incarnation of the god Vishnu. [Written also Kali.] { Cal´i•ber, Cal´ibre }, n. [F. calibre, perh. fr. L. qualibra of what pound, of what weight; hence, of what size, applied first to a ball or bullet; cf. also Ar. qalib model, mold. Cf. Calipers, Calivere.]
1. (Gunnery) The diameter of the bore, as a cannon or other firearm, or of any tube; or the weight or size of the projectile which a firearm will carry; as an 8 inch gun, a 12-pounder, a 44 caliber.
"The caliber of empty tubes." - Reid.
"A battery composed of three guns of small caliber." - Prescott.
The caliber of firearms is expressed in various ways. Cannon are often designated by the weight of a solid spherical shot that will fit the bore; as a 12-pounder; pieces of ordnance that project shell or hollow shot are designated by the diameter of their bore; as a 12 inch mortar or a 14 inch shell gun; small arms are designated by hundredths of an inch expressed decimally; as a rifle of .44 inch caliber.
2. The diameter of round or cylindrical body, as of a bullet or column.
3. Fig.: Capacity or compass of mind. Burke. Caliber compasses. See Calipers. — Caliber rule, a gunner’s calipers, an instrument having two scales arranged to determine a ball’s weight from its diameter, and conversely. — A ship’s caliber, the weight of her armament.

Calibration
Cal•ibra´•tion, n. The process of estimating the caliber a tube, as of a thermometer tube, in order to graduate it to a scale of degrees; also more generally, the determination of the true value of the spaces in any graduated instrument.

Calice
Cal´ice, n. [See Calice.] See Chalice.

Calicoback
Cal´i•co•back, n. (Zoöl.) (a) The calico bass. (b) An hemipterous insect ( Murgantia histrionica) which injures the cabbage and other garden plants; — called also calico bug and harlequin cabbage bug. { Ca•lic´u•lar, a. Ca•lic´u•late } a. Relating to, or resembling, a cup; also improperly used for calycular, calyculate.

Calid
Cal´id, a. [L. calidus, fr. calere to be hot.] Hot; burning; ardent. [Obs.] Bailey.

Calidity
Ca•lid´i•ty, n. Heat. [Obs.]

Caliduct
Cal´i•duct, n. [See Caloriduct.] A pipe or duct used to convey hot air or steam.
"Subterranean caliducts have been introduced." - Evelyn.
{ Ca´lif, n. , Cal´i•fate } n. , etc. Same as Caliph, Caliphate, etc.

Californian
Cal•i•for´ni•an, a. Of or pertaining to California. — n. A native or inhabitant of California.

Caligation
Cal•i•ga´tion (-ga"shun), n. [L. caligatio, fr. caligare to emit vapor, to be dark, from caligo mist, darkness.] Dimness; cloudiness. [R.] Sir T. Browne.

Caliginosity
Ca•lig•i•nos´ity, n. [L. caliginosus dark. See Caligation.] Darkness. [R.] G. Eliot.

Caligo
Ca•li´go, n. [L., darkness.] (Med.) Dimness or obscurity of sight, dependent upon a speck on the cornea; also the speck itself.

Caligraphic
Cal•i•graph´ic, a. See Calligraphic.

Calipash
Cal•i•pash´, n. [F. carapace, Sp. carapacho. Cf Calarash, Carapace.] A part of a turtle which is next to the upper shell. It contains a fatty and gelatinous substance of a dull greenish tinge, much esteemed as a delicacy in preparations of turtle.

Caliphate
Cal´i•phate, n. [Cf. F. califat.] The office, dignity, or government of a caliph or of the caliphs.

Calippic
Ca•lip´pic, a. Of or pertaining to Calippus, an Athenian astronomer. Calippic period, a period of seventy-six years, proposed by Calippus, as an improvement on the Metonic cycle, since the 6940 days of the Metonic cycle exceeded 19 years by about a quarter of a day, and exceeded 235 lunations by something more.

Calisaya bark
Cal•i•sa"ya bark A valuable kind of Peruvian bark obtained from the Cinchona Calisaya, and other closely related species.

Calistheneum
Cal•is•the´ne•um, n. [NL.] A gymnasium; esp. one for light physical exercise by women and children.

Calisthenic
Cal•is•then´ic, a. [Gr. kalo•s beautiful + sqe•nos strength.] Of or pertaining to calisthenics.

Calisthenics
Cal•is•then´ics, n. The science, art, or practice of healthful exercise of the body and limbs, to promote strength and gracefulness; light gymnastics.

Caliver
Cal´i•ver, n. [Corrupted fr. caliber.] An early form of hand gun, a variety of the arquebus; originally a gun having a regular size of bore. [Obs.] Shak.

Calix
Ca´lix (ka"liks), n. [L.] A cup. See Calyx.

Calker
Calk´er, n.
1. One who calks.
2. A calk on a shoe. See Calk, n. , 1.

Call (kal), v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Called (kald); p. pr. & vb. n. Calling] [OE. callen, AS. ceallian; akin to Icel. & Sw. kalla, Dan. kalde, D. kallen to talk, prate, OHG. kallon to call; cf. Gr. ghry•ein to speak, sing, Skr. gar to praise. Cf. Garrulous.]
1. To command or request to come or be present; to summon; as to call a servant.
"Call hither Clifford; bid him come amain" - Shak.
2. To summon to the discharge of a particular duty; to designate for an office, or employment, especially of a religious character; — often used of a divine summons; as to be called to the ministry; sometimes, to invite; as to call a minister to be the pastor of a church.
"Paul … called to be an apostle" - Rom. i. 1.
"The Holy Ghost said, Separate me Barnabas and Saul for the work whereunto I have called them." - Acts xiii. 2.
3. To invite or command to meet; to convoke; — often with together; as the President called Congress together; to appoint and summon; as to call a meeting of the Board of Aldermen.
"Now call we our high court of Parliament." - Shak.
4. To give name to; to name; to address, or speak of, by a specifed name.
"If you would but call me Rosalind." - Shak.
"And God called the light Day, and the darkness he called Night." - Gen. i. 5.
5. To regard or characterize as of a certain kind; to denominate; to designate.
"What God hath cleansed, that call not thou common." - Acts x. 15.
6. To state, or estimate, approximately or loosely; to characterize without strict regard to fact; as they call the distance ten miles; he called it a full day’s work.
"[The] army is called seven hundred thousand men." - Brougham.
7. To show or disclose the class, character, or nationality of. [Obs.]
"This speech calls him Spaniard. Beau. & Fl."
8. To utter in a loud or distinct voice; — often with off; as to call, or call off, the items of an account; to call the roll of a military company.
"No parish clerk who calls the psalm so clear." - Gay.
9. To invoke; to appeal to.
"I call God for a witness. 2 Cor. i. 23 [Rev. Ver. ]"
10. To rouse from sleep; to awaken.
"If thou canst awake by four o’ the clock. I prithee call me. Sleep hath seized me wholly." - Shak.
To call a bond, to give notice that the amount of the bond will be paid. — To call a party (Law), to cry aloud his name in open court, and command him to come in and perform some duty requiring his presence at the time on pain of what may befall him. — To call back, to revoke or retract; to recall; to summon back. — To call down, to pray for, as blessing or curses. — To call forth, to bring or summon to action; as to call forth all the faculties of the mind. — To call in, (a) To collect; as to call in debts or money; ar to withdraw from cirulation; as to call in uncurrent coin. (b) To summon to one’s side; to invite to come together; as to call in neighbors. — To call (any one) names, to apply contemptuous names (to any one). — To call off, to summon away; to divert; as to call off the attention; to call off workmen from their employment. — To call out. (a) To summon to fight; to challenge. (b) To summon into service; as to call out the militia. — To call over, to recite separate particulars in order, as a roll of names. — To call to account, to demand explanation of. — To call to mind, to recollect; to revive in memory. — To call to order, to request to come to order; as: (a) A public meeting, when opening it for business. (b) A person, when he is transgressing the rules of debate. — To call to the bar, to admit to practice in courts of law. — To call up. (a) To bring into view or recollection; as to call up the image of deceased friend. (b) To bring into action or discussion; to demand the consideration of; as to call up a bill before a legislative body.
Syn. — To name; denominate; invite; bid; summon; convoke; assemble; collect; exhort; warn; proclaim; invoke; appeal to; designate. — To Call, Convoke, Summon. Call is the generic term; as to call a public meeting. To convoke is to require the assembling of some organized body of men by an act of authority; as the king convoked Parliament. To summon is to require attendance by an act more or less stringent anthority; as to summon a witness.

Call, v. i.
1. To speak in loud voice; to cry out; to address by name; — sometimes with to.
"You must call to the nurse." - Shak.
"The angel of God called to Hagar." - Gen. xxi. 17.
2. To make a demand, requirement, or request.
"They called for rooms, and he showed them one." - Bunyan.
3. To make a brief visit; also to stop at some place designated, as for orders.
"He ordered her to call at the house once a week." - Temple.
To call for (a) To demand; to require; as a crime calls for punishment; a survey, grant, or deed calls for the metes and bounds, or the quantity of land, etc., which it describes. (b) To give an order for; to request. "Whenever the coach stopped, the sailor called for more ale." Marryat. — To call on, To call upon, (a) To make a short visit to; as call on a friend. (b) To appeal to; to invite; to request earnestly; as to call upon a person to make a speech. (c) To solicit payment, or make a demand, of a debt. (d) To invoke or play to; to worship; as to call upon God. — To call out To call or utter loudly; to brawl.

Call, n.
1. The act of calling; — usually with the voice, but often otherwise, as by signs, the sound of some instrument, or by writing; a summons; an entreaty; an invitation; as a call for help; the bugle’s call. "Call of the trumpet." Shak.
"I rose as at thy call, but found thee not." - Milton.
2. A signal, as on a drum, bugle, trumpet, or pipe, to summon soldiers or sailors to duty.
3. (Eccl.) An invitation to take charge of or serve a church as its pastor.
4. A requirement or appeal arising from the circumstances of the case; a moral requirement or appeal.
"Dependence is a perpetual call upon humanity." - Addison.
"Running into danger without any call of duty." - Macaulay.
5. A divine vocation or summons.
"St. Paul himself believed he did well, and that he had a call to it, when he persecuted the Christians." - Locke.
6. Vocation; employment. [In this sense, calling is generally used.]
7. A short visit; as to make a call on a neighbor; also the daily coming of a tradesman to solicit orders.
"The baker’s punctual call." - Cowper.
8. (Hunting) A note blown on the horn to encourage the hounds.
9. (Naut.) A whistle or pipe, used by the boatswain and his mate, to summon the sailors to duty.
10. (Fowling) The cry of a bird; also a noise or cry in imitation of a bird; or a pipe to call birds by imitating their note or cry.
11. (Amer. Land Law) A reference to, or statement of, an object, course, distance, or other matter of description in a survey or grant requiring or calling for a corresponding object, etc., on the land.
12. The privilege to demand the delivery of stock, grain, or any commodity, at a fixed, price, at or within a certain time agreed on. [Brokers’ Cant]
13. See Assessment, 4. At call, orOn call, liable to be demanded at any moment without previous notice; as money on deposit. — Call bird, a bird taught to allure others into a snare. — Call boy (a) A boy who calls the actors in a theater; a boy who transmits the orders of the captain of a vessel to the engineer, helmsman, etc. (b) A waiting boy who answers a cal, or cames at the ringing of a bell; a bell boy. — Call note, the note naturally used by the male bird to call the female. It is artificially applied by birdcatchers as a decoy. Latham. — Call of the house (Legislative Bodies), a calling over the names of members, to discover who is absent, or for other purposes; a calling of names with a view to obtaining the ayes and noes from the persons named. — Call to the bar, admission to practice in the courts.

Callat
Cal´lat, n. Same as Callet. [Obs.]
"A callat of boundless tongue." - Shak.

Callet
Cal´let, n. [Cf. Ir. & Gael. caile a country woman, strumpet.] A trull or prostitute; a scold or gossip. [Obs.] [Written also callat.]

Callet
Cal´let v. i. To rail or scold. [Obs.] Brathwait.

Callid
Cal´lid, a. [L. callidus, fr. callere to be thick-skinned, to be hardened, to be practiced, fr. callum, callus, callous skin, callosity, callousness.] Characterized by cunning or shrewdness; crafty. [R.]

Callidity
Cal•lid´i•ty, n. [L. calliditas.] Acuteness of discernment; cunningness; shrewdness. [R.]
"Her eagly-eyed callidity." - C. Smart.

Calligrapher
Cal•lig´ra•pher, n. One skilled in calligraphy; a good penman. { Cal•li•graph´ic, Cal•li•graph´ic•al, } a. , [Gr. ; pref. - (fr. beautiful) + to write; cf. F. calligraphique.] Of or pertaining to calligraphy.
"Excellence in the calligraphic act." - T. Warton.

Calligraphist
Cal•lig´ra•phist, n. A calligrapher

Calligraphy
Cal•lig´ra•phy, n. [Gr. : cf. F. calligraphie.] Fair or elegant penmanship.

Calling
Call´ing, n.
1. The act of one who calls; a crying aloud, esp. in order to summon, or to attact the attention of, some one.
2. A summoning or convocation, as of Parliament.
"The frequent calling and meeting of Parlaiment." - Macaulay.
3. A divine summons or invitation; also the state of being divinely called.
"Who hath … called us with an holy calling." - 2 Tim. i. 9.
"Give diligence to make yior calling … sure." - 2 Pet. i. 10.
4. A naming, or inviting; a reading over or reciting in order, or a call of names with a view to obtaining an answer, as in legislative bodies.
5. One’s usual occupation, or employment; vocation; business; trade.
"The humble calling of ter female parent." - Thackeray.
6. The persons, collectively, engaged in any particular professions or employment.
"To impose celibacy on wholy callings." - Hammond.
7. Title; appellation; name. [Obs.]
"I am more proud to be Sir Rowland’s son His youngest son, and would not change that calling." - Shak.
Syn. — Occupation; employment; business; trade; profession; office; engagement; vocation.

Calliope
Cal•li´o•pe (kal•li"o•pe), n. [L. Calliope, Gr. Kallio•ph, lit, the beautiful-voiced; pref. kalli- (from kalo•s beautiful) + ’o•ps, ’opo•s, voice.]
1. (Class. Myth.) The Muse that presides over eloquence and heroic poetry; mother of Orpheus, and chief of the nine Muses.
2. (Astron.) One of the asteroids. See Solar.
3. A musical instrument consisting of a series of steam whistles, toned to the notes of the scale, and played by keys arranged like those of an organ. It is sometimes attached to steamboat boilers.
4. (Zoöl.) A beautiful species of humming bird ( Stellula Calliope) of California and adjacent regions.

Callipash
Cal•li•pash´, n. See Calipash.

Callisection
Cal•li•sec´tion, n. [L. callere to be insensible + E. section.] Painless vivisection; — opposed to sentisection. B. G. Wilder. { Cal•lis•then´ic, a. , Cal•lis•then´ics, n. } See Calisthenic, Calisthenics.

Callithumpian
Cal•li•thump´i•an, a. Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a callithump. [U. S.]

Callosan
Cal•lo´san, a. (Anat.) Of the callosum.

Callose
Cal´lose, a. [See Callous.] (Bot.) Furnished with protuberant or hardened spots.

Callosum
Cal•lo´sum, n. [NL., fr. callosus callous, hard.] (Anat.) The great band commissural fibers which unites the two cerebral hemispheres. See corpus callosum, under Carpus.

Calmly
Calm´ly, adv. In a calm manner.
"The gentle stream which calmly flows." - Denham.

Calmness
Calm´ness, n. The state of quality of being calm; quietness; tranquillity; self- repose.
"The gentle calmness of the flood." - Denham.
"Hes calmness was the repose of conscious power." - E. Everett.
Syn. — Quietness; quietude; stillness; tranquillity; serenity; repose; composure; sedateness; placidity.

Calmucks
Cal´mucks, n. pl.; sing. Calmuck. A branch of the Mongolian race inhabiting parts of the Russian and Chinese empires; also ( sing. ), the language of the Calmucks. [Written also Kalmucks.]

Calmy
Calm´y, a. [Fr. Calm, n. ] Tranquil; peaceful; calm. [Poet.] "A still and calmy day" Spenser.

Calorescence
Cal•o•res´cence, n. [L. calor heat.] (Physics) The conversion of obscure radiant heat into light; the transmutation of rays of heat into others of higher refrangibility. Tyndall.

Caloric
Ca•lor´ic, n. [L. calor heat; cf. F. calorique.] (Physics) The principle of heat, or the agent to which the phenomena of heat and combustion were formerly ascribed; — not now used in scientific nomenclature, but sometimes used as a general term for heat.
"Caloric expands all bodies." - Henry.

Caloric
Ca•lor´ic, a. Of or pertaining to caloric. Caloric engine, a kind of engine operated by heated air.

Caloricity
Cal•o•ric´ity, n. (Physiol.) A faculty in animals of developing and preserving the heat necessary to life, that is, the animal heat.

Caloriduct
Ca•lor´i•duct, n. [L. calor heat (fr. calere to warm) + E. duct.] A tube or duct for conducting heat; a caliduct.

Calorie
Cal´o•rie, n. [F., fr. L. calor heat.] (Physics) The unit of heat according to the French standard; the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one kilogram (sometimes, one gram) of water one degree centigrade, or from 0° to 1°. Compare the English standard unit, Foot pound.

Calorifacient
Ca•lor•i•fa´cient, a. (Physiol.) See Calorificient.

Calorifiant
Ca•lor•i•fi´ant, a. (Physiol.) See Calorificient.

Calorification
Ca•lor•i•fi•ca´tion (ka•lor•i•fi•ka"shun), n. [Cf. F. calorification.] Production of heat, esp. animal heat.

Calorificient
Ca•lor•i•fi´cient, a. (Physiol.) Having, or relating to the power of producing heat; — applied to foods which, being rich in carbon, as the fats, are supposed to give rise to heat in the animal body by oxidation.

Calorimeter
Cal•o•rim´e•ter, n. [L. calor heat + -meter; cf. F. calorimètre.]
1. (Physiol.) An apparatus for measuring the amount of heat contained in bodies or developed by some mechanical or chemical process, as friction, chemical combination, combustion, etc.
2. (Engineering) An apparatus for measuring the proportion of unevaporated water contained in steam.

Calorimetric
Ca•lor•i•met´ric, a. Of or pertaining to the process of using the calorimeter.
"Satisfactory calorimetric results." - Nichol.

Calorimetry
Cal•o•rim´e•try, n. (Physics) Measurement of the quantities of heat in bodies.

Calorimotor
Ca•lor•i•mo´tor, n. [L. calor heat + E. motor.] (Physics) A voltaic battery, having a large surface of plate, and producing powerful heating effects. { Ca•lotte´, Cal´lot }, n. [F. calotte, dim. of cale a sort of flat cap. Cf. Caul.] A close cap without visor or brim. Especially: (a) Such a cap, worn by English serjeants at law. (b) Such a cap, worn by the French cavalry under their helmets. (c) Such a cap, worn by the clergy of the Roman Catholic Church. To assume the calotte, to become a priest.

Calotype
Cal´o•type, n. [Gr. kalo•s beautiful + ty•pos type.] (Photog.) A method of taking photographic pictures, on paper sensitized with iodide of silver; — also called Talbotype, from the inventor, Mr. Fox. Talbot.

Caloyer
Ca•loy´er, n. [F., fr. NGr. a monk; kalo•s beautiful, good +, equiv. to Gr. an old man.] A monk of the Greek Church; a cenobite, anchoret, or recluse of the rule of St. Basil, especially, one on or near Mt. Athos.

Calque, v. t. See 2d Calk, v. t. { Cal´trop, Cal´trap } n. [OE. calketrappe, calletrappe, caltor (in both senses), fr. AS. collraeppe, calcetreppe, sort of thistle; cf. F. chaussetrape star thistle, trap, It. calcatreppo, calcatreppolo, star thistle. Perh. from L. calx heel + the same word as E. trap. See 1st Trap.]
1. (Bot.) A genus of herbaceous plants ( Tribulus) of the order Zygophylleae, having a hard several- celled fruit, armed with stout spines, and resembling the military instrument of the same name. The species grow in warm countries, and are often very annoying to cattle.
2. (Mil.) An instrument with four iron points, so disposed that, any three of them being on the ground, the other projects upward. They are scattered on the ground where an enemy’s cavalry are to pass, to impede their progress by endangering the horses’ feet.

Calumbin
Ca•lum´bin, n. (Chem.) A bitter principle extracted as a white crystalline substance from the calumba root. [Written also colombin, and columbin]

Calumet
Cal´u•met, n. [F. calumet, fr. L. calamus reed. See Halm, and cf. Shawm.] A kind of pipe, used by the North American Indians for smoking tobacco. The bowl is usually made of soft red stone, and the tube is a long reed often ornamented with feathers.
"Smoked the calumet, the Peace pipe, As a signal to the nations." - Lowgfellow.
The calumet is used as a symbol of peace. To accept the calumet is to agree to terms of peace, and to refuse it is to reject them. The calumet of peace is used to seal or ratify contracts and alliances, and as an evidence to strangers that they are welcome.

Calumniation
Ca•lum•ni•a´tion (ka•lum•ni•a"shun), n. False accusation of crime or offense, or a malicious and false representation of the words or actions of another, with a view to injure his good name.
"The calumniation of her principal counselors." - Bacon.

Calumniator
Ca•lum•ni•a´tor, n. [L.] One who calumniates.
Syn. — Slanderer; defamer; libeler; traducer.

Calumniatory
Ca•lum´ni•a•to•ry, a. Containing calumny; slanderous. Montagu.

Calumnious
Ca•lum´ni•ous, a. [L. calumniosus.] Containing or implying calumny; false, malicious, and injurious to reputation; slanderous; as calumnious reports.
"Virtue itself ’scapes not calumnious strokes." - Shak.
. Slanderous; defamatory; scurrilous; opprobrious; derogatory; libelous; abusive. — Ca•lum´ni•ous•ly, adv. — Ca•lum´ni•ous•ness, n.

Calumny
Cal´um•ny, n. ; pl. Calumnies (#). [L. calumnia, fr. calvi to devise tricks, deceive; cf. F. calomnie. Cf. Challenge, n. ] False accusation of a crime or offense, maliciously made or reported, to the injury of another; malicious misrepresentation; slander; detraction. "Infamous calumnies." Motley.
"Be thou as chaste as ice, as pure as snow, thou shalt not escape calumny." - Shak.

Calve (käv), v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Calved 3; p. pr. & vb. n. Calving.] [AS. cealfian. See Calf.]
1. To bring forth a calf. "Their cow calveth." Job xxi. 10.
2. To bring forth young; to produce offspring.
"Canst thou mark when the hinds do calve?" - Job xxxix. 1.
"The grassy clods now calved." - Molton.

Calve, v. i. (Phys. Geog.) To throw off fragments which become icebergs; — said of a glacier.

Calver
Cal´ver (kal"ver), v. i.
1. To cut in slices and pickle, as salmon. [Obs.]
"For a change, leave calvered salmon and eat sprats." - Massinger.
2. To crimp; as calvered salmon. Nares.

Calver
Cal´ver, v. i. To bear, or be susceptible of, being calvered; as grayling’s flesh will calver. Catton.

Calvessnout
Calves´•snout, n. (Bot.) Snapdragon.

Calvinism
Cal´vin•ism, n. [Cf. F. Calvinisme.] The theological tenets or doctrines of John Calvin (a French theologian and reformer of the 16th century) and his followers, or of the so-called calvinistic churches. The distinguishing doctrines of this system, usually termed the five points of Calvinism, are original sin or total depravity, election or predestination, particular redemption, effectual calling, and the perseverance of the saints. It has been subject to many variations and modifications in different churches and at various times.

Calvinist
Cal´vin•ist, n. [Cf. F. Calviniste.] A follower of Calvin; a believer in Calvinism. { Cal•vin•is´tic, Cal•vin•is´tic•al, } a. Of or pertaining to Calvin, or Calvinism; following Calvin; accepting or Teaching Calvinism. "Calvinistic training." Lowell.

Calvinize
Cal´vin•ize, v. t. To convert to Calvinism.

Calvish
Calv´ish, a. Like a calf; stupid. Sheldon.

Calx, n. ; pl. E. Calxes (#), L. Calces (#). [L. Calx, calcis. limestone; cf. Gr. gravel.,, pebble, Skr. gravel, Ir. carraic rock Gael. carraig, W. careg, stone. Cf. Chalk.]
1. (Chem.) (a) Quicklime. [Obs.] (b) The substance which remains when a metal or mineral has been subjected to calcination or combustion by heat, and which is, or may be, reduced to a fine powder. Metallic calxes are now called oxides.
2. Broken and refuse glass, returned to the post. { Ca•lyc•i•flo´ral, cal•lyc•i•flo´rous, } a. [L. calyx, -ycis, calyx + flos, floris, flower.] (Bot.) Having the petals and stamens adnate to the calyx; — applied to a subclass of dicotyledonous plants in the system of the French botanist Candolle.

Calycle
Cal´y•cle, n. [L. calyculus small flower bud, calyx, dim. of calyx. See Calyx, and cf. Calicle.] (Bot.) A row of small bracts, at the base of the calyx, on the outside.

Calycozoa
Cal•y•co•zo´a, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr.,, cup or calyx a flower + animal.] (Zoöl.) A group of acalephs of which Lucernaria is the type. The body is cup-shaped with eight marginal lobes bearing clavate tentacles. An aboral sucker serves for attachment. The interior is divided into four large compartments. See Lucernarida.

Calymene
Ca•lym´e•ne, n. [Gr. concealed, p. p. of to conceal.] (Zoöl.) A genus of trilobites characteristic of the Silurian age.

Calyon
Cal´yon, n. Flint or pebble stone, used in building walls, etc. Haliwell.

Calypso
Ca•lyp´so (ka•lip"so), n. [The Latinized Greek name of a beautiful nymph.] (Bot.) A small and beautiful species of orchid, having a flower variegated with purple, pink, and yellow. It grows in cold and wet localities in the northern part of the United States. The Calypso borealis is the only orchid which reaches 68° N.

Calyptra
Ca•lyp´tra (ka•lip"tra), n. [NL., fr. Gr. kaly•ptra a covering for the head, fr. kaly•ptein to cover.] (Bot.) A little hood or veil, resembling an extinguisher in form and position, covering each of the small flasklike capsules which contain the spores of mosses; also any similar covering body.

Calyptriform
Ca•lyp´tri•form, a. [ Calyptra + -form.] Having the form a calyptra, or extinguisher.

Calyx
Ca´lyx (ka"liks; 277), n. ; pl. E. Calyxes (#), L. Calyces (kal"i•sez). [L. calyx, -ycis, fr. Gr. ka•lyx husk, shell, calyx, from the root of kaly•ptein to cover, conceal. Cf. Chalice Helmet.]
1. (Bot.) The covering of a flower. See Flower. The calyx is usually green and foliaceous, but becomes delicate and petaloid in such flowers as the anemone and the four-o’clock. Each leaf of the calyx is called a sepal.
2. (Anat.) A cuplike division of the pelvis of the kidney, which surrounds one or more of the renal papillae.

Cam (kam), n. [Dan. kam comb, ridge; or cf. W., Gael., and Ir., cam bent. See 1st Comb.]
1. (Med.) (a) A turning or sliding piece which, by the shape of its periphery or face, or a groove in its surface, imparts variable or intermittent motion to, or receives such motion from, a rod, lever, or block brought into sliding or rolling contact with it. (b) A curved wedge, movable about an axis, used for forcing or clamping two pieces together. (c) A projecting part of a wheel or other moving piece so shaped as to give alternate or variable motion to another piece against which it acts. Cams are much used in machinery involving complicated, and irregular movements, as in the sewing machine, pin machine, etc.
2. A ridge or mound of earth. [Prow. Eng.] Wright. Cam wheel (Mach.), a wheel with one or more projections (cams) or depressions upon its periphery or upon its face; one which is set or shaped eccentrically, so that its revolutions impart a varied, reciprocating, or intermittent motion.

Cam, a. [See Kam.] Crooked. [Obs.]

Camara
Ca´ma•ra, n. [Pg.] Chamber; house; — used in Ca"ma•ra dos Pa"res, and Ca"ma•ra dos De•pu•ta"dos . See Legislature.

Camarilla
Ca•ma•ril´la, n. [Sp., a small room.]
1. The private audience chamber of a king.
2. A company of secret and irresponsible advisers, as of a king; a cabal or clique.

Camass
Cam´ass, n. [American Indian name.] (Bot.) A blue-flowered liliaceous plant ( Camassia esculenta) of northwestern America, the bulbs of which are collected for food by the Indians. [Written also camas, cammas, and quamash.] The Eastern cammass is Camassia Fraseri.

Camass
Cam´ass n. [Origin uncert.] A small prairie in a forest; a small grassy plain among hills. [Western U. S.]

Camber
Cam´ber, n. [Of. cambre bent, curved; akin to F. cambrer to vault, to bend, fr. L. camerare to arch over, fr. camera vault, arch. See Chamber, and cf. Camerate.]
1. (Shipbuilding) An upward convexity of a deck or other surface; as she has a high camber (said of a vessel having an unusual convexity of deck).
2. (Arch.) An upward concavity in the under side of a beam, girder, or lintel; also a slight upward concavity in a straight arch. See Hogback. Camber arch (Arch.), an arch whose intrados, though apparently straight, has a slightly concave curve upward. — Camber beam (Arch.), a beam whose under side has a concave curve upward.

Camber
Cam´ber, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Cambered p. pr. & vb. n. Cambering.] To cut bend to an upward curve; to construct, as a deck, with an upward curve.

Camber
Cam´ber, v. i. To curve upward.

Camberkeeled
Cam´ber•keeled, a. (Naut.) Having the keel arched upwards, but not actually hogged; — said of a ship.

Cambial
Cam´bi•al, a. [LL. cambialis, fr. cambiars. See Change.] Belonging to exchanges in commerce; of exchange. [R.]

Cambium
Cam´bi•um, n. [LL. cambium exchange, fr. L. cambire to exchange. It was supposed that cambium was sap changing into wood.]
1. (Bot.) A series of formative cells lying outside of the wood proper and inside of the inner bark. The growth of new wood takes place in the cambium, which is very soft.
2. (Med.) A fancied nutritive juice, formerly supposed to originate in the blood, to repair losses of the system, and to promote its increase. Dunglison.

Camblet
Cam´blet, n. See Camlet.

Cambrel
Cam´brel, n. See Gambrel, n. , 2. Wright.

Cambrian
Cam´bri•an, a.
1. (Geog.) Of or pertaining to Cambria or Wales.
2. (Geol.) Of or pertaining to the lowest subdivision of the rocks of the Silurian or Molluscan age; — sometimes described as inferior to the Silurian. It is named from its development in Cambria or Wales. See the Diagram under Geology.

Cambrian
Cam´bri•an, n.
1. A native of Cambria or Wales.
2. (Geol.) The Cambrian formation.

Cambric
Cam´bric, n. [OE. camerike, fr. Cambrai (Flemish Kamerik), a city of France (formerly of Flanders), where it was first made.]
1. A fine, thin, and white fabric made of flax or linen.
"He hath ribbons of all the colors i’ the rainbow; … inkles, caddises, cambrics, lawns." - Shak.
2. A fabric made, in imitation of linen cambric, of fine, hardspun cotton, often with figures of various colors; — also called cotton cambric, and cambric muslin.

Cambro-Briton
Cam´bro-Brit´on, n. A Welshman.

Came, imp. of Come.

Came, n. [Cf. Scot. came, caim, comb, and OE. camet silver.] A slender rod of cast lead, with or without grooves, used, in casements and stained-glass windows, to hold together the panes or pieces of glass.

Camel
Cam´el (kam"el), n. [Oe. camel, chamel, OF. camel, chamel, F. chameau L. camelus, fr. Gr. ka•mhlos; of Semitic origin; cf. Heb. gamal, Ar. jamal. Cf. As. camel, fr. L. camelus.]
1. (Zoöl.) A large ruminant used in Asia and Africa for carrying burdens and for riding. The camel is remarkable for its ability to go a long time without drinking. Its hoofs are small, and situated at the extremities of the toes, and the weight of the animal rests on the callous. The dromedary ( Camelus dromedarius) has one bunch on the back, while the Bactrian camel ( C. Bactrianus) has two. The llama, alpaca, and vicuña, of South America, belong to a related genus ( Auchenia).
2. (Naut.) A water-tight structure (as a large box or boxes) used to assist a vessel in passing over a shoal or bar or in navigating shallow water. By admitting water, the camel or camels may be sunk and attached beneath or at the sides of a vessel, and when the water is pumped out the vessel is lifted. Camel bird (Zoöl.), the ostrich. — Camel locust (Zoöl.), the mantis. — Camel’s thorn (Bot.), a low, leguminous shrub ( Alhagi maurorum) of the Arabian desert, from which exudes a sweetish gum, which is one of the substances called manna.

Camel-backed
Cam´el-backed, a. Having a back like a camel; humpbacked. Fuller.

Cameleon
Ca•me´le•on, n. See Chaceleon. [Obs.]

Camelopard
Ca•mel´o•pard (ka•mel"o•pärd or kam"el•o•pärd; 277), n. [LL. camelopardus, L. camelopardalus, camelopardalis, fr. Gr. kamhlopa•rdalis; ka•mhlos a camel + pa•rdalis pard, leopard: cf. F. camelopard. The camelopard has a neck and head like a camel, and is spotted like a pard. See Camel, and Pard.] (Zoöl.) An African ruminant; the giraffe. See Giraffe.

Camelshair
Cam´els•hair, a. Of camel’s hair. Camel’s-hair pencil, a small brush used by painters in water colors, made of camel’s hair or similar materials. — Camel’s-hair shawl. A name often given to a cashmere shawl. See Cashmere shawl under Cashmere.

Cameo
Cam´e•o, n. ; pl. Cameos (#). [It cammeo; akin to F. camee, camaïeu, Sp. camafeo, LL. camaeus, camahutus; of unknown origin.] A carving in relief, esp. one on a small scale used as a jewel for personal adornment, or like. Most cameos are carved in a material which has layers of different colors, such stones as the onyx and sardonyx, and various kinds of shells, being used. Cameo conch (Zoöl.), a large, marine, univalve shell, esp. Cassis cameo, C. rua, and allied species, used for cutting cameos. See Quern conch.

Camera obscura
Cam"e•ra ob•scu"ra [LL. camera chamber + L. obscurus, obscura, dark.] (Opt.)
1. An apparatus in which the images of external objects, formed by a convex lens or a concave mirror, are thrown on a paper or other white surface placed in the focus of the lens or mirror within a darkened chamber, or box, so that the outlines may be traced.
2. (Photog.) An apparatus in which the image of an external object or objects is, by means of lenses, thrown upon a sensitized plate or surface placed at the back of an extensible darkened box or chamber variously modified; — commonly called simply the camera.

Camerade
Came´rade, n. See Comrade. [Obs.]

Cameralistics
Cam•e•ra•lis´tics, n. [Cf. F. cameralistique, G. kameralistik, fr. L. camera vault, LL., chamber, treasury.] The science of finance or public revenue.

Camerate
Cam´er•ate, v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Camerated; p. pr. & vb. n. Camerzting.] [L. cameratus, p. p. of camerare. See Camber.]
1. To build in the form of a vault; to arch over.
2. To divide into chambers.

Camerlingo
Ca•mer•lin´go, n. [It.] The papal chamberlain; the cardinal who presides over the pope’s household. He has at times possessed great power. [Written also camerlengo and camarlengo.]

Cameronian
Cam•e•ro´ni•an, n. A follower of the Rev. Richard Cameron, a Scotch Covenanter of the time of Charles II. Cameron and others refused to accept the "indulgence" offered the Presbyterian clergy, insisted on the Solemn league and Covenant, and in 1680 declared Charles II. deposed for tyranny, breach of faith, etc. Cameron was killed at the battle of Airdmoss, but his followers became a denomination (afterwards called Reformed Presbyterians) who refused to recognize laws or institutions which they believed contrary to the kingdom of Christ, but who now avail themselves of political rights.

Camis
Cam´is (kam"is), n. [See Chemise.] A light, loose dress or robe. [Also written camus.] [Obs.]
"All in a camis light of purple silk." - Spenser.
{ Cam•i•sade´, Cam•i•sa´do } n. [F. camisade a night attack; cf. It. camiciata. See Camis.] [Obs.] (Mil.) (a) A shirt worn by soldiers over their uniform, in order to be able to recognize one another in a night attack. (b) An attack by surprise by soldiers wearing the camisado.
"Give them a camisado in night season." - Holinshed.

Camisated
Cam´i•sa•ted, a. Dressed with a shirt over the other garments.

Camisole
Cam´i•sole, n. [F. See chemise.]
1. A short dressing jacket for women.
2. A kind of straitjacket.

Cammas
Cam´mas, n. (Bot.) See Camass.

Camorra
Ca•mor´ra, n. [It.] A secret organization formed at Naples, Italy, early in the 19th century, and used partly for political ends and partly for practicing extortion, violence, etc. — Ca•mor´rist (#), n.

Camoused
Ca´moused,, a. [From Camouse] Depressed; flattened. [Obs.]
"Though my nose be cammoused." - B. Jonson

Camp (kamp), n. [F. camp, It. campo, fr. L. campus plant, field; akin to Gr. kh^pos garden. Cf. Campaign, Champ, n. ]
1. The ground or spot on which tents, huts, etc., are erected for shelter, as for an army or for lumbermen, etc. Shak.
2. A collection of tents, huts, etc., for shelter, commonly arranged in an orderly manner.
"Forming a camp in the neighborhood of Boston." - W. Irving.
3. A single hut or shelter; as a hunter’s camp.
4. The company or body of persons encamped, as of soldiers, of surveyors, of lumbermen, etc.
"The camp broke up with the confusion of a flight." - Macaulay.
5. (Agric.) A mound of earth in which potatoes and other vegetables are stored for protection against frost; — called also burrow and pie. [Prov. Eng.]
6. [Cf. OE. & AS. camp contest, battle. See champion.] An ancient game of football, played in some parts of England. Halliwell. Camp bedstead, a light bedstead that can be folded up onto a small space for easy transportation. — camp ceiling (Arch.), a kind ceiling often used in attics or garrets, in which the side walls are inclined inward at the top, following the slope of the rafters, to meet the plane surface of the upper ceiling. — Camp chair, a light chair that can be folded up compactly for easy transportation; the seat and back are often made of strips or pieces of carpet. — Camp fever, typhus fever. — Camp follower, a civilian accompanying an army, as a sutler, servant, etc. — Camp meeting, a religious gathering for open-air preaching, held in some retired spot, chiefly by Methodists. It usually last for several days, during which those present lodge in tents, temporary houses, or cottages. — Camp stool, the same as camp chair, except that the stool has no back. — Flying camp (Mil.), a camp or body of troops formed for rapid motion from one place to another. Farrow. — To pitch (a) camp, to set up the tents or huts of a camp. — To strike camp, to take down the tents or huts of a camp.

Camp (kamp), v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Camped (kamt; 215); p. pr. & vb n. Camping.] To afford rest or lodging for, as an army or travelers.
"Had our great palace the capacity To camp this host, we all would sup together." - Shak.

Camp, v. i.
1. To pitch or prepare a camp; to encamp; to lodge in a camp; - - often with out.
"They camped out at night, under the stars." - W. Irving.
2. [See Camp, n. , 6] To play the game called camp. [Prov. Eng.] Tusser.

Campaign
Cam•paign´, n. [F. campagne, It. campagna, fr. L. Campania the level country about Naples, fr. campus field. See Camp, and cf. Champaign, Champagne.]
1. An open field; a large, open plain without considerable hills. SeeChampaign. Grath.
2. (Mil.) A connected series of military operations forming a distinct stage in a war; the time during which an army keeps the field. Wilhelm.
3. Political operations preceding an election; a canvass. [Cant, U. S.]
4. (Metal.) The period during which a blast furnace is continuously in operation.

Campaign
Cam•paign´, v. i. To serve in a campaign.

Campaigner
Cam•paign´er, n. One who has served in an army in several campaigns; an old soldier; a veteran.

Campana
Cam•pa´na, n. [LL. campana bell. Cf. Campanle.]
1. (Eccl.) A church bell.
2. (Bot.) The pasque flower. Drayton.
3. (Doric Arch.) Same as Gutta.

Campanero
Cam•pa•ne´ro, n. [Sp., a bellman.] (Zoöl.) The bellbird of South America. See Bellbird.

Campania
Cam•pa´ni•a, n. [See Campaig.] Open country. Sir W. Temple.

Campanile
Cam•pa•ni´le, n. [It. campanile bell tower, steeple, fr. It. & LL. campana bell.] (Arch.) A bell tower, esp. one built separate from a church.
"Many of the campaniles of Italy are lofty and magnificent structures." - Swift.

Campaniliform
Cam•pa•nil´i•form, a. [See Campaniform.] Bell-shaped; campanulate; campaniform.

Campanology
Cam•pa•nol´o•gy, n. [LL. campana bell + -logy.] The art of ringing bells, or a treatise on the art.

Campanula
Cam•pan´u•la (kam•pan"u•la), n. [LL. campanula a little bell; dim. of campana bell.] (Bot.) A large genus of plants bearing bell-shaped flowers, often of great beauty; — also called bellflower.

Campanulaceous
Cam•pan•u•la´ceous (kam•pan•u•la"shus), a. (Bot.) Of pertaining to, or resembling, the family of plants ( Campanulaceae) of which Campanula is the type, and which includes the Canterbury bell, the harebell, and the Venus’s looking-glass.

Campanularian
Cam•pan•u•la´ri•an, n. [L. campanula a bell.] (Zoöl.) A hydroid of the family Campanularidae, characterized by having the polyps or zooids inclosed in bell-shaped calicles or hydrothecae.

Campanulate
Cam•pan´u•late, a. (Bot.) Bell-shaped.

Campbellite
Camp´bell•ite, n. [From Alexander Campbell, of Virginia.] (Eccl.) A member of the denomination called Christians or Disciples of Christ. They themselves repudiate the term Campbellite as a nickname. See Christian, 3.