, g. air, m., tillage, ploughing, husbandry.

II.

, pos.pr., our (eclipses); emph. ar . . . . ne.

III.

= óir, conj., because, for.

IV.

(a ro), rel.prn. (aspirates), used in past tense for a, who, which, whom, that, all who, all which, etc.; ar mhairbh sé, all whom he killed; i n-ar or 'n-ar, in which; ag ar, by which.

, defect, v., he says, said, quoth, they say, etc. (quoting the exact words), ar sé, he says (Kea.); in sp. l., arsa Tomás, says Thomas; arsa mise, said I; ars'an rí, said the king.

VI.

, interr. particle = an ro (aspirates), used in past tense for an, whether? if?

VII.

(air), prep. [in pronoun combinations orm, ort, air (m.), uirthe or uirthi (f.), orainn (emph. poet. óirne), oraibh, ortha (orra)], on, upon, used with or without article to express various adverbial relations; of time: ar maidin, in the morning; ar uairibh, at times; of place: ar muir nó ar tír, on land or at sea; of mode (with vbs.): ar baille-chrith, tremblingly (shaking in all the limbs); ar leathadh, open; ar crochadh, hanging; ar siubhal, walking; similarly before nouns, as, cur ar cáirde, to put off for a time; ar comhairce, in the care of; of cause: ar mhéid a ghliocais, by reason of his great cleverness; ar an adhbhas sain, for that reason; after verbs of motion and verbs like cur, tabhairt, déanamh, gabháil, and verbs of feeding on, praying to, appealing to, complaining, threatening, hindering, refusing, etc.: rugas air, I seized him; fillim air, I return to him (id.); sileadh ar an dtalamh, to drop on the ground; after cur it governs words like eagla, aighneas, troid, cuing, fios, cúram, etc., as, ag cur cúraim air, giving him something in change; after déanamh it governs words like faire, leigheas, guidhe, trócaire, machtnamh, fromhadh, lot, as, déan trócaire orm, have mercy on me; after tabhairt it governs words like amus, táir, ainm, etc., cad é an ainm a thug sé ort? by what name did he call you? after gabháil, very frequently used to denote passion, emotion felt by a person; tá eagla orm, I fear; tá easbaidh air, he is in want; similarly it is used to express favours conferred on, knowledge about, hatred of, power over, etc.; in such uses ag and ar are often co-relative; tá meas agam air, I esteem him; tá airgead agam ort, you owe me money; tá troigh agam air, I am a foot taller than he is, etc. In phrases like ar fud (fuaid), throughout; ar fud, ar leithead, ar aoirde, in length, in breadth, in height, etc.; for, in respect of: ní féidir é shárughadh ar bhreaghthacht, it is unsurpassed in (or as regards) beauty; a peculiar use: gach suan-phort ar áilleacht 's ar bhinneas, each lulling melody the loveliest and the sweetest (O'Ra.); among: tá sé ar na fearaibh is feárr, he is one of (among) the best men; for the sake of: ar a shon sain, for that reason; ar son Dé, for God's sake; it denotes sometimes opposition, infliction of pain, etc., after subst. verb and words like cur, as, atá mo chroidhe ag cur orm, my heart is paining me, I ache at heart; atá sé ag cur orm, he is prevailing over me; cad tá ort? what ails you? táim ar mo theicheadh, I am "on the run," trying to escape being caught; ar mo choimeád, hiding from my pursuers; bheadh sé air é dhéanamh, he would have to do it; bheadh sé air aige é dhéanamh, 'twould take him all his time to do it; ar beagán talmhan, with but little land; tá an saoghal ag teacht ar feabhas, the world is improving [ar breis (Wat.)]; níl sé ar foghnamh, he is unwell; ar ball, by-and-by, presently; somet. ar an mball, on the spot, immediately; ar uairibh, at times; ar uainibh, by turns (Kea.); ar dtúis (dtús), at first; ar tosach, first, leading.

VIII.

, prep., used for iar, after (eclipses, but aspirates in Con. sp. l.; used before present participles; ar dteacht a bhaile dóibh, after they had come home, when they had come; ar ndul a chodladh dóibh, when they had gone to sleep. ar (iar) with pros. part, corresponds to the pluperfect tense. See <<iar>> and <<ar>> (prep.), to, for.