by1. preposition
1) (next to; near; at the side of: by the door; He sat by his sister.) lângă, alături de
2) (past: going by the house.) pe lângă, prin faţa
3) (through; along; across: We came by the main road.) pe
4) (used (in the passive voice) to show the person or thing which performs an action: struck by a stone.) de (către)
5) (using: He's going to contact us by letter; We travelled by train.) prin, cu
6) (from; through the means of: I met her by chance; by post.) din, prin
7) ((of time) not later than: by 6 o'clock.) până la
8) (during the time of.) în timpul
9) (to the extent of: taller by ten centimetres.) cu
10) (used to give measurements etc: 4 metres by 2 metres.) pe, cu
11) (in quantities of: fruit sold by the kilo.) la, cu
12) (in respect of: a teacher by profession.) de
2. adverb
1) (near: They stood by and watched.) în apropiere
2) (past: A dog ran by.) prin apropiere
3) (aside; away: money put by for an emergency.) de o parte
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3. verb
(to avoid (a place) by taking such a road.) a ocoli