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Old 10-25-2012, 11:18 AM   #1
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digging around in startx

hi.

digging around in startx we find on the Kindle Keyboard.

Quote:
start_x()
{
# Ensure that the Framework is stopped (this will also wake the
# various input devices and the screen).
#
wait_framework_done

# Ensure that the eInk HAL is in the right state (8bpp) for X usage.
#
if [ ${SCREEN_DEPTH} -ne 8 ]; then
echo "*** Switching to byte per pixel mode ***"
${EINK_RESTART} 0 8
fi
}
Didn't know you could do that.

also: "/usr/bin/einkdamage" is referenced but doesn't exist, but I believe it is there on the 5 devices. (will check). Perhaps the code is out there? and could be back-ported...

Quote:
The X Damage Extension allows applications to track modified regions of drawables.
so it's some calls from X to the eink to let it know what to redraw. okay.


From the 5:
Quote:
[root@kindle root]# einkdamage --help
Unknown or invalid option '--help'
usage: einkdamage [-fbdev /dev/fb0]
-kind <#>
0:XDamageReportRawRectangles
1:XDamageReportDeltaRectangles
2:XDamageReportBoundingBox
3:XDamageReportNonEmpty
-update <#>
0:non-flashing updates
1:flashing updates
Much searching has not turned up any source. yet.

rxvt is the terminal it expects to run. (don't have this, could build - or swap out for a similar thing I do have) any suggestions on a native alternative. I don't see why they don't use Xterm but I recall something about rxvt being a virtual terminal, I'll have a read up on that.

and a few goofy xapps (I've got all but one)

I'll do a bit more digging - I have created all the required supporting Xapps and libs now I think for the 3.

Will keep plugging on and see if I can get the X server up at least.

but yeah. my question. restart the 3 in 8 bit mode? you can do that?
and X on the 3 (I know someone who REALLY wants it, despite likely performance) thoughts? examples? I'm searching.

Thanks and Cheers.

Last edited by twobob; 10-25-2012 at 04:12 PM. Reason: more flesh
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Old 10-25-2012, 11:51 AM   #2
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bit more digging - few more tweaks gives me

Quote:
[root@kindle bin]# startx
xauth: creating new authority file /home/root/.serverauth.21292
xauth: creating new authority file /home/root/.Xauthority

Fatal server error:
LinuxInit: Cannot open /dev/tty0 (No such file or directory)
I will keep digging. possibly needs pointing at an Xvfb or some such. will have a play

EDIT: mknod /dev/tty0 c 4 0 didn't help.

Last edited by twobob; 10-25-2012 at 12:17 PM.
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Old 10-25-2012, 12:31 PM   #3
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looking at the tty devices (as I have little idea about them - am reading up)

Quote:
[root@kindle /dev]# ll tty0
crw-r--r-- 1 root root 4, 0 Oct 25 17:10 tty0
Quote:
[root@kindle /dev]# ll /sys/class/tty
total 0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Oct 25 17:04 console -> ../../devices/virtual/tty/console

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Oct 25 17:04 ptmx -> ../../devices/virtual/tty/ptmx

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Oct 25 17:04 tty -> ../../devices/virtual/tty/tty

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Oct 25 17:12 ttyUSB0 -> ../../devices/platform/fsl-ehci.0/usb1/1-1/1-1:1.0/ttyUSB0/tty/ttyUSB0

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Oct 25 17:12 ttyUSB1 -> ../../devices/platform/fsl-ehci.0/usb1/1-1/1-1:1.1/ttyUSB1/tty/ttyUSB1

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Oct 25 17:04 ttymxc0 -> ../../devices/platform/mxcintuart.0/tty/ttymxc0

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Oct 25 17:04 ttymxc1 -> ../../devices/platform/mxcintuart.1/tty/ttymxc1

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Oct 25 17:04 ttymxc2 -> ../../devices/platform/mxcintuart.2/tty/ttymxc2
will do a reboot and try that again.

Last edited by twobob; 10-25-2012 at 12:34 PM. Reason: headache inducing layout
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Old 10-25-2012, 12:53 PM   #4
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From /usr/local/src/BUILD_KERNAL/linux-2.6.26/Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt

Quote:
1.7 TTY info in /proc/tty
-------------------------

Information about the available and actually used tty's can be found in the
directory /proc/tty.You'll find entries for drivers and line disciplines in
this directory, as shown in Table 1-9.


Table 1-9: Files in /proc/tty
.................................................. ............................
File Content
drivers list of drivers and their usage
ldiscs registered line disciplines
driver/serial usage statistic and status of single tty lines
.................................................. ............................

To see which tty's are currently in use, you can simply look into the file
/proc/tty/drivers:

> cat /proc/tty/drivers
[root@kindle root]# cat /sys/devices/virtual/tty/tty/dev
Quote:
5:0
[root@kindle root]# ll -R /dev |grep "5, *0"
Quote:
crw-rw---- 1 root root 5, 0 Oct 25 17:35 tty
[root@kindle root]# cat /proc/tty/drivers
Quote:
/dev/tty /dev/tty 5 0 system:/dev/tty
/dev/console /dev/console 5 1 system:console
/dev/ptmx /dev/ptmx 5 2 system
usbserial /dev/ttyUSB 188 0-254 serial
ttymxc /dev/ttymxc 207 16-18 serial
pty_slave /dev/pts 136 0-1048575 pty:slave
pty_master /dev/ptm 128 0-1048575 pty:master

Last edited by twobob; 10-25-2012 at 01:02 PM.
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Old 10-25-2012, 01:08 PM   #5
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Okay so err what types of devices can we have and what do these numbers actually mean?

/usr/local/src/BUILD_KERNAL/linux-2.6.26/Documentation/devices.txt

Quote:

LINUX ALLOCATED DEVICES (2.6+ version)

This list is the Linux Device List, the official registry of allocated
device numbers and /dev directory nodes for the Linux operating
system.

...

3 char Pseudo-TTY slaves
0 = /dev/ttyp0 First PTY slave
1 = /dev/ttyp1 Second PTY slave
...
255 = /dev/ttyef 256th PTY slave

These are the old-style (BSD) PTY devices; Unix98
devices are on major 136 and above.

4 char TTY devices
0 = /dev/tty0 Current virtual console

1 = /dev/tty1 First virtual console
...
63 = /dev/tty63 63rd virtual console

5 char Alternate TTY devices
0 = /dev/tty Current TTY device
1 = /dev/console System console
...

7 char Virtual console capture devices
0 = /dev/vcs Current vc text contents
1 = /dev/vcs1 tty1 text contents
...
63 = /dev/vcs63 tty63 text contents
128 = /dev/vcsa Current vc text/attribute contents
129 = /dev/vcsa1 tty1 text/attribute contents
...
191 = /dev/vcsa63 tty63 text/attribute contents

NOTE: These devices permit both read and write access.
So that's the ones we are interested in.
assumedly when we mknod the correct type we are one step closer.
(still unsure about when the devices get made)

Last edited by twobob; 10-25-2012 at 01:08 PM. Reason: boldy
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Old 10-25-2012, 01:14 PM   #6
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Quote:
**** TERMINAL DEVICES

Terminal, or TTY devices are a special class of character devices. A
terminal device is any device that could act as a controlling terminal
for a session; this includes virtual consoles, serial ports, and
pseudoterminals (PTYs).

All terminal devices share a common set of capabilities known as line
disciplines; these include the common terminal line discipline as well
as SLIP and PPP modes.

All terminal devices are named similarly; this section explains the
naming and use of the various types of TTYs. Note that the naming
conventions include several historical warts; some of these are
Linux-specific, some were inherited from other systems, and some
reflect Linux outgrowing a borrowed convention.

A hash mark (#) in a device name is used here to indicate a decimal
number without leading zeroes.

Virtual consoles and the console device

Virtual consoles are full-screen terminal displays on the system video
monitor. Virtual consoles are named /dev/tty#, with numbering
starting at /dev/tty1; /dev/tty0 is the current virtual console.
/dev/tty0 is the device that should be used to access the system video
card on those architectures for which the frame buffer devices
(/dev/fb*) are not applicable. Do not use /dev/console
for this purpose.

The console device, /dev/console, is the device to which system
messages should be sent, and on which logins should be permitted in
single-user mode. Starting with Linux 2.1.71, /dev/console is managed
by the kernel; for previous versions it should be a symbolic link to
either /dev/tty0, a specific virtual console such as /dev/tty1, or to
a serial port primary (tty*, not cu*) device, depending on the
configuration of the system.

...

Pseudoterminals (PTYs)

Pseudoterminals, or PTYs, are used to create login sessions or provide
other capabilities requiring a TTY line discipline (including SLIP or
PPP capability) to arbitrary data-generation processes. Each PTY has
a master side, named /dev/pty[p-za-e][0-9a-f], and a slave side, named
/dev/tty[p-za-e][0-9a-f]. The kernel arbitrates the use of PTYs by
allowing each master side to be opened only once.

Once the master side has been opened, the corresponding slave device
can be used in the same manner as any TTY device. The master and
slave devices are connected by the kernel, generating the equivalent
of a bidirectional pipe with TTY capabilities.

Recent versions of the Linux kernels and GNU libc contain support for
the System V/Unix98 naming scheme for PTYs, which assigns a common
device, /dev/ptmx, to all the masters (opening it will automatically
give you a previously unassigned PTY) and a subdirectory, /dev/pts,
for the slaves; the slaves are named with decimal integers (/dev/pts/#
in our notation). This removes the problem of exhausting the
namespace and enables the kernel to automatically create the device
nodes for the slaves on demand using the "devpts" filesystem.
and possibly also of interest

Quote:
136-143 char Unix98 PTY slaves
0 = /dev/pts/0 First Unix98 pseudo-TTY
1 = /dev/pts/1 Second Unix98 pseudo-TTY
...

These device nodes are automatically generated with
the proper permissions and modes by mounting the
devpts filesystem onto /dev/pts with the appropriate
mount options (distribution dependent, however, on
*most* distributions the appropriate options are
"mode=0620,gid=<gid of the "tty" group>".)
...

188 char USB serial converters
0 = /dev/ttyUSB0 First USB serial converter
1 = /dev/ttyUSB1 Second USB serial converter
...

Last edited by twobob; 10-25-2012 at 01:18 PM.
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Old 10-25-2012, 01:18 PM   #7
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Hm, I rather think you want to pass some parameter to the X server so it does not attach to a terminal at all... Where did you get a matching Xfbdev from? When just running startx, my Kindle does not seem to switch over to 8bpp mode.
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Old 10-25-2012, 01:21 PM   #8
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[root@kindle tty]# getty --help
Quote:
BusyBox v1.20.2 (2012-09-03 02:06:04 BST) multi-call binary.

Usage: getty [OPTIONS] BAUD_RATE[,BAUD_RATE]... TTY [TERMTYPE]

Open TTY, prompt for login name, then invoke /bin/login

-h Enable hardware RTS/CTS flow control
-L Set CLOCAL (ignore Carrier Detect state)
-m Get baud rate from modem's CONNECT status message
-n Don't prompt for login name
-w Wait for CR or LF before sending /etc/issue
-i Don't display /etc/issue
-f ISSUE_FILE Display ISSUE_FILE instead of /etc/issue
-l LOGIN Invoke LOGIN instead of /bin/login
-t SEC Terminate after SEC if no login name is read
-I INITSTR Send INITSTR before anything else
-H HOST Log HOST into the utmp file as the hostname

BAUD_RATE of 0 leaves it unchanged
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Old 10-25-2012, 01:22 PM   #9
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Quote:
Originally Posted by hawhill View Post
Hm, I rather think you want to pass some parameter to the X server so it does not attach to a terminal at all... Where did you get a matching Xfbdev from? When just running startx, my Kindle does not seem to switch over to 8bpp mode.
Hi mate. I have made it all in Buildroot. Shall I bundle it all up and share?

Erm.. it will need the paths and Libs paths etc... setting up right

and there are probably a few horrible rpaths that I would strip out given more time... tidied up the horrid rpaths.

Just to be clear. these are raw dev fiiles not some lovely X distribution.

Last edited by twobob; 10-25-2012 at 01:57 PM.
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Old 10-25-2012, 01:28 PM   #10
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You could've done this in my startx thread, but it's all good. Nice to see it's remotely possible.
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Old 10-25-2012, 01:43 PM   #11
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Quote:
Originally Posted by qlob View Post
You could've done this in my startx thread, but it's all good. Nice to see it's remotely possible.
you could have linked your startx thread...

I forgive you I knows its PITA on the kk

I'll try to find it again
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Old 10-25-2012, 01:45 PM   #12
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blackbox

[root@kindle bin]# blackbox --help
Quote:
Blackbox 0.70.1
Copyright (c) 2001 - 2005 Sean 'Shaleh' Perry
Copyright (c) 1997 - 2000, 2002 - 2005 Bradley T Hughes
-display <string> use display connection.
-single <string> manage the default screen only
-rc <string> use alternate resource file.
-version display version and exit.
-help display this help text and exit.

Compile time options:
Debugging: no
Shape: yes
matchbox

[root@kindle bin]# matchbox-window-manager --help
Quote:
usage: matchbox-window-manager [options ...]
-display <string>
-theme <string>
-use_titlebar <yes|no>
-use_cursor <yes|no>
-use_lowlight <yes|no>
-use_dialog_mode <free|static|const-horiz>
-use_desktop_mode <decorated|plain>
-use_super_modal <yes|no>
-force_dialogs <comma seperated list of window titles>
-kbdconfig <path to option key shortcuts config file>

Compile time features;
debug build no
XFT support yes
Startup Notification support no
Expat support yes
XSettings support no
PNG support yes
JPG support yes
pango support no
Theme support yes
gconf support no
composite support no
ping protocol support yes
XRM support yes
Session support no

matchbox-window-manager 1.2
Copyright (C) 2005 Matthew Allum, OpenedHand Ltd.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.
Visit http://projects.o-hand.com/matchbox for more info.
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Old 10-25-2012, 01:54 PM   #13
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Quote:
Originally Posted by twobob View Post
you could have linked your startx thread...
I forgive you I knows its PITA on the kk
I'll try to find it again
It's no problem (I'm actually at a very limited computer right now)... here it is: https://www.mobileread.com/forums/sho...ghlight=startx It doesn't have any juicy info at all, though... Don't feel like you need to move all this.
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Old 10-25-2012, 01:58 PM   #14
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Your kernel may not be optioned to support virtual consoles.

If so, Hawhill's suggestion is probably the only way to go, pass an option to ??? so that it leaves its hands off of the non-existent /dev/tty## devices.

Other than that -
Well this is about the extent of my X knowledge.
Here, X is something that gets cursed when it doesn't work, blessed when it does, but mostly "just ignored".
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Old 10-25-2012, 02:04 PM   #15
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Originally Posted by qlob View Post
It's no problem (I'm actually at a very limited computer right now)... here it is: https://www.mobileread.com/forums/sho...ghlight=startx It doesn't have any juicy info at all, though... Don't feel like you need to move all this.
~Ah yeah, I remember now.

From my reading of the script this is some sort of left over testing or demo script.

TBH I think it's bloody decent of amazon to leave a nice worked example of getting the system into an X ready mode.

I have hacked mine very slightly - but TBH I don't think I am even getting as far as the hacks. I know SO VERY LITTLE about X and the supporting superstructure on linux it's almost embarrassing.

But, I figure like always, dig around, bring the information together in one place and see if anyone helps. Hawhill showing interest has cheered me up a bit as have your good self.

If anyone can find the switch to disable the call to the tty then I am all ears.

I have of course been sequentially through the likely looking switches and tried some likely values. I get a sense that the kernel requires some support it doesn't have but I am still in the dark. Possibly I can use something to provide the tty. I'm looking into what getty does etc...

Random Info gratefully accepted
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