Calibre does not keep a persistent log for anything except the content server. There is no way to find a list of books that have been deleted.
You can keep your own persistent log if you wish. Use "calibre-debug -g" on the command line, redirecting standard output and error output to append to some file. On windows the command will be something like
Code:
calibre-debug -g >> calibre_log.txt 2>&1
Linux and OSX will use something very similar.