In ADE there is a page-map.xml file that can be created, to map physical page numbers to EPUB page numbers:
https://wiki.mobileread.com/wiki/Page-map#Page-map
If I recall correctly, an EPUB with a valid page-map.xml file can also be fed into KindleGen to generate a MOBI which has the physical pages mapped as well.
Overall, it is a pain to create, and many publishers don't deal with it. (I personally don't do it in my conversions).
Opinion: Page numbers should go the way of the dodo.