You can try using a metadata plugboard to modify the title in the Kindle metadata to include the series/series index as part of the title which will be written to the ebook when it is sent to your Kindle.
See Preferences => Metadata plugboards for your starting point for creating a plugboard and
The calibre template language for information on what goes into a template and this item from the Mobileread Wiki:
Kindle and Calibre Plugboards for a dated but more user friendly guide.
Something like {series:|| }{series_index:0>5.2f|| - }{title} as a starter template but you can get much fancier.
Edit: added plugboard image