When one thinks of e-ink, one thinks of dedicated e-book readers or signage. One thinks about upscale displays that are easy to read in direct sunlight. But the last thing that comes to mind is a budget device.

Well, Motorola released the Motofone (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorola_Motofone) F3 (http://www.motorola.com/motoinfo/product/details.jsp?globalObjectId=164) near the end of last year with an electrophoretic display (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrophoretic_display), and wonder of wonders, it's a budget phone in the $30-$50 range. As was discussed previously (http://www.mobileread.com/forums/showthread.php?t=10069), it pretty much just make calls and not much more.

Does this mean cheap e-ink e-readers are on the way? Maybe, but there's a big leap to get from a basic phone with a tiny and low resolution screen (2x6 characters only) to a fancy display like we see on the iLiad or Sony Reader. Just compare prices on small phones with OLED displays with the difficulty and cost of producing a large screen OLED TV. It just doesn't translate well... unfortunately.

More information is available at this review (http://www.reghardware.co.uk/2007/03/29/review_motorola_motofone_f3/) by The Register.

Thanks to Alex_d for the tip!

What strikes me as odd is that until now I thought of E Ink e-reader devices as "premium" devices, premium in that they usually cost more than regular LCD readers. Motorola selling the Motofone as a budget devices raises the question of the true costs of E Ink vs. LCD.

The cost is rather low as long as you keep things scaled down resolution-wise.
AFAIK, printing out a sheet of e-ink is rather cheap. It's the electrode matrix underneath that's expensive to manufacture and attach to the e-ink sheet.

So: large e-ink display, low resolution = low cost; small e-ink display, high resolution = high cost; large e-ink display, high resolution = even higher cost.

Edit: Just BTW, Motofone's display is backlit (not sure if it's mentioned in the Register's review, haven't headed there yet), but it looks rather bad at night. Oh, and the contrast seems a tad lower than on iLiad or Sony.

I'll bet the technology is pretty cheap to produce, even at high-res. 90% of the price is for "intellectual property" on this new, properietary technology (or more precisely, eInk saying, "who else you gonna buy this from?"). A company in Motorola's position with such a different application that is going to sell in _very_ high volume* is in a good position to simply say, "yeah? your mom and her LCD dealership."

The thing that makes me not so sure about the resolution argument is that if high-res was really that expensive/hard to do, then why did Sony go straight to 800x600 with the very first Librie?


*not only is it a cell phone, not only is it dirt cheap and will be carpet bombed on the emerging markets, but it's one of the most beautiful cell phones period. I'll seriously bet it will outsell the Sony Reader by 1000x, without exaggeration.


P.S. The best contrast of any display I have ever seen, eInk included, were those old LCD watches that didn't have backlights.

I think the price of the eink display could also be possibly offset by the price of a smaller battery. Less displaying power need = smaller battery = smaller phone.
But that's my two bits, I don't even know of refresh rate and power drain.

90% of the price is for "intellectual property" on this new, properietary technology (or more precisely, eInk saying, "who else you gonna buy this from?").Well, I'd've called it "Research and Development Cost Recovery," but that (loosely) covers it too. :laugh4:

I think the price of the eink display could also be possibly offset by the price of a smaller battery. Less displaying power need = smaller battery = smaller phone.
But that's my two bits, I don't even know of refresh rate and power drain.

Except it doesn't have a smaller battery :)
It uses a 700 mAh BD50 battery. Well, at least the engineering sample i've reviewed does :)

Edit: Oh, and everyone seem to go nuts over it here. This is probably the first 35$ phone i've seen that seems to attract more attention than 1000$ smartphones :D

I expect that a lot of the reason that this display is (evidently) much cheaper than the screens on, say, the Reader or iLiad, is that it's addressed very differently, I've suggested before (http://www.mobileread.com/forums/showpost.php?p=61809&postcount=4) that it's probably a segment-addressed display, rather than a pixel-addressed. I still can't be sure that's what's going on, but from the pix we've seen (especially on Moto's website), it sure looks like that's what it is.

Assuming that is the case, the cost of the backplane driver would be significantly lower, and, as orcinus noted, the backplane "electrode matrix" is the expensive part on a pixel addressed display.

By 'segment addressed' do you mean something like a vector?

No, something like this (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven-segment_indicator).

By 'segment addressed' do you mean something like a vector?I mean that the pieces of the characters are addressed/controlled as a unit, like the seven segment display that igorsk pointed out, instead of as individual pixels like a computer monitor -- I probably explained it better in my other post (http://www.mobileread.com/forums/showpost.php?p=61809&postcount=4) on the things ....

Having a few dozen segments vs close to a million pixels certainly does simplify the electronics a lot (the cpu, the driver), but i'll bet it's a tiny fraction of a $350 price tag. Every dollar is very significant for a $30 phone, of course, but I think it's not the main reason motorola was able to afford eink and window shoppers at Borders can't.

I worked in the semiconductor industry for about 5 years, for a company that makes the machines that makes microchips (Applied Materials (http://www.appliedmaterials.com/), if anyone's interested). I don't think that really gives me any insight into the cost structure of making this sort of thing, but I have do some notion of the complexity involved (which does drive the cost somewhat, I s'pose). I say that to give you a bit of context for this statement:

The complexity of making a few short lines worth of 7-segment display drivers, versus individually controlling 480,000 pixels on a display the size of the Reader's (remember, smaller means more complex, all by itself) is more on the order of a geometric increase in complexity.

Also speaking from the knowledge (it's come up a few times around here) that 6" pixelized e-ink display panels alone wholesales for around $100 per unit ....

In light of all those details, I have no problem at all accepting the notion that the Reader's display, and it's much greater complexity and functionality are a very large part of the reason that it retails for so much more than the Motofone. I'm quite sure that Sony is making a typical profit on it, but that's usually a percentage mark-up over per unit production cost.

You can each, of course, take all of that salted to taste. :shrug:

You're right, it's segment adressed. I thought that's widely known and implied it as the cause for low price in my first comment... :)

The display has 2 rows by 6 characters, standard 14 segment arrangement each, plus some icon areas.


Edit: Just BTW, it seems to exhibit the same bug Reader does with the latest firmware update - battery indicator locks up while / after charging and doesn't indicate true battery condition until you reset it. Curious, no? :D

The Motofone does not have a backlight. The blue LEDs that light up the buttons may cast some light up towards the display thus causing the effect and look if a backlight.

The Motofone does not have a backlight. The blue LEDs that light up the buttons may cast some light up towards the display thus causing the effect and look if a backlight.

It does. Along the sides of the display (actually, that's not a backlight but a sidelight, but...)

And the LED's are not blue, they are white. Want a photo? :)

Want a photo? :)What do you think? Of course we want a photo! :yes:

Here there be photos, then :D

Couldn't bother to drag the tripod and flash out (it's 3am and i'm falling asleep at the keyboard), so sorry for the grain and motion blur. Now that i've put the Reader and F3 next to each other, it would appear i was wewy wewy wong when i said it's screen had a noticeably lower contrast. It's actually the opposite - the Reader's screen has a much more inferior contrast :vulcan:

Wow, orcinus, several of those could be marketing pix! Good job, and thanks! :beam:

It does. Along the sides of the display (actually, that's not a backlight but a sidelight, but...)

And the LED's are not blue, they are white. Want a photo? :)

Fine, they're white. At first look, I thought the LEDs looked a little blue. That's all. But I refuse to agree with the fact that it has a backlight. Your picture shows that the light source is at the bottom of the display. This says that the light is coming from the keypad. The light further up the display is just extra light coming from those LEDs.

Kehm... Extra light that's stronger (or as strong) on the top than on the bottom?

Here there be photos, then :D

Couldn't bother to drag the tripod and flash out (it's 3am and i'm falling asleep at the keyboard), so sorry for the grain and motion blur. Now that i've put the Reader and F3 next to each other, it would appear i was wewy wewy wong when i said it's screen had a noticeably lower contrast. It's actually the opposite - the Reader's screen has a much more inferior contrast :vulcan:

Hi,Orcinus, where did you get the Motofone? I want buy one also, nice picture

Er... It's an engineering sample the local Motorola office lent us for review purposes. It should've been on sale in prepaid T-Mobile packages here in Croatia by now, but it still isn't for some reason.

There seem to be an abundance of them on ebay, but the prices are rather absurd - 50-60 USD.

reason why they are 1.5-2x retail cost on ebay is because they already come unlocked and can be used anywhere if you buy the right frequency band for your country. they markup the price because they do the work for you of unlocking the phone for you.

I bought one now and will write a short review when/if I have some time.

Price was 31 Euro + Shipping (40 altogether)